Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK557770/

  The incidence of pilonidal disease is estimated to be 26 per 100,000 people and affects men 2.2 times more than women. It is estimated that pilonidal disease affects approximately 70,000 people in the United States annually. […] Pilonidal disease is a relatively common and benign disease process where surgery is usually the definitive treatment. Certainly, these patients should be evaluated by a surgeon, but they are usually not the first clinician to which a patient presents. Interprofessional communication is necessary as these patients can present to any clinician, primary care provider, or general practitioner. The diagnosis is clinical, so prompt recognition and diagnosis can lead to faster treatment and resolution. Pilonidal disease is a relatively common disease, and there is an extensive amount of published material. This includes various types of studies, including randomized control studies, cohort and case-control studies, case series, and expert opinions. Pilonidal disease is a broad topic, so narrowing the specific question can provide specific publications and research studies. There are numerous treatment modalities and treatment combinations. There is no single best treatment modality, and treatment must be individually tailored to the patient.

• #2 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788127-overview

  Incidence of pilonidal disease is approximately 26 per 100,000 population. Pilonidal disease occurs predominantly in males, at a ratio of 3-4:1. It occurs most commonly in White patients, typically in the late teens to early twenties, decreases after age 25, and rarely occurs after age 45. […] One publication listed local irritation to the SC site, positive family history of pilonidal disease, sedentary life style, and obesity as occurring in notable percentages of patients with pilonidal disease (all factors between 34-50% occurrence in pilonidal disease). […] Pilonidal disease affects approximately 26 per 100,000 people. […] Pilonidal disease in the general population has a male preponderance. It occurs in a ratio of 3 or 4:1. In children, however, the ratio is the opposite occurring in 4 females for each male it afflicts. […] Pilonidal disease commonly affects adults in the second to third decade of life. Pilonidal cysts are extremely uncommon after age 45 years, and the incidence usually decreases by age 25 years. The average age of presentation is 21 years for men and 19 years for women.

• #3 Pilonidal Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15400-pilonidal-disease

  Pilonidal cysts are a common condition, with more than 70,000 cases reported in the U.S. every year. […] Men are three to four times more likely to be diagnosed with a pilonidal cyst than women. […] People between puberty and age 40 (the average age is between 20 and 35) are at higher risk. […] Workers who sit all day (like truck drivers and office workers) are also at higher risk. […] Your family history can play a role in determining if you get pilonidal cysts. […] Currently, many researchers believe that pilonidal cysts are caused by ingrown hairs. […] If you have a chronic pilonidal cyst or it has gotten worse and formed a sinus cavity under your skin, it’s a serious case and you may need surgery to excise (remove) the cyst entirely. […] Pilonidal cysts can sometimes be cured with surgery and your skin might heal fully. However, even after surgery, a pilonidal cyst can remain as a chronic, returning condition. […] There are several steps you can take to help prevent getting pilonidal cysts or to keep them from coming back.

• #4 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK557770/

  The incidence of pilonidal disease is estimated to be 26 per 100,000 people and affects men 2.2 times more than women. It is estimated that pilonidal disease affects approximately 70,000 people in the United States annually. […] Pilonidal disease is a relatively common and benign disease process where surgery is usually the definitive treatment. Certainly, these patients should be evaluated by a surgeon, but they are usually not the first clinician to which a patient presents. Interprofessional communication is necessary as these patients can present to any clinician, primary care provider, or general practitioner. The diagnosis is clinical, so prompt recognition and diagnosis can lead to faster treatment and resolution. Pilonidal disease is a relatively common disease, and there is an extensive amount of published material. This includes various types of studies, including randomized control studies, cohort and case-control studies, case series, and expert opinions. Pilonidal disease is a broad topic, so narrowing the specific question can provide specific publications and research studies. There are numerous treatment modalities and treatment combinations. There is no single best treatment modality, and treatment must be individually tailored to the patient.

• #5 Pilonidal Disease/Cysts: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment – Hemorrhoid Centers of America

  https://hemorrhoidcentersamerica.com/anal-rectal-problems/pilonidal-disease/

  Pilonidal cysts are not really cysts but infected hair follicles located along the tailbone. They may lead to infection, abscess, and pain over the tailbone. […] There are more than 200,000 cases seen per year in the US. Although it occurs most frequently in the 16-26 year range it can occur at any age. […] Pilonidal Disease/Cysts are ONLY treated by Dr. Carmen Fong, MD, a double board certified Colon and Rectal Surgeon and General Surgeon. She has many years of experience caring for patients with pilonidal cysts.

• #6 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  Background: Epidemiological data on pilonidal disease in Georgia are limited, with no available information on the severity of the condition, which plays a key role in treatment decision-making. […] Our research aimed to study the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its characteristics in Georgia from 2020 to 2022. […] A total of 4,263 cases of pilonidal cysts (both with and without abscess) were identified in the population of both genders in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The crude rate was 38.2 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 46.4 (95% CI: 44.9-47.8). […] The incidence of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate = 38.2 per 100,000; ASR = 46.4 per 100,000) was significantly higher than the global average (26 per 100,000). […] Additionally, hospital treatment was nearly three times more frequent than outpatient treatment, which calls for attention from healthcare professionals and policymakers due to potential social and economic implications.

• #7 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  The crude incidence rate of the pilonidal cyst with abscess (ICD code: L05.0) across both genders was 18.5 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 22.5, 95% CI (21.5-23.5). […] It is important to note that new cases of pilonidal disease treated in hospitals were significantly higher (ASR=34.1, 95% CI (32.1-36.1)) than those treated in outpatient settings (ASR=12.3, 95% CI (11.6-13.1)), with a standardized rate ratio of 2.8, 95% CI (2.6-3.0). […] This study is the first to examine the epidemiological rates of pilonidal sinus and its age- and gender-specific characteristics in Georgia. […] Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the incidence rate of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate: 38.2 per 100,000; ASR: 46.4 per 100,000) is significantly higher than the global rate (26 per 100,000).

• #8 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788127-overview

  Incidence of pilonidal disease is approximately 26 per 100,000 population. Pilonidal disease occurs predominantly in males, at a ratio of 3-4:1. It occurs most commonly in White patients, typically in the late teens to early twenties, decreases after age 25, and rarely occurs after age 45. […] One publication listed local irritation to the SC site, positive family history of pilonidal disease, sedentary life style, and obesity as occurring in notable percentages of patients with pilonidal disease (all factors between 34-50% occurrence in pilonidal disease). […] Pilonidal disease affects approximately 26 per 100,000 people. […] Pilonidal disease in the general population has a male preponderance. It occurs in a ratio of 3 or 4:1. In children, however, the ratio is the opposite occurring in 4 females for each male it afflicts. […] Pilonidal disease commonly affects adults in the second to third decade of life. Pilonidal cysts are extremely uncommon after age 45 years, and the incidence usually decreases by age 25 years. The average age of presentation is 21 years for men and 19 years for women.

• #9 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Among the adult population in the Western world, the estimated incidence is 26 per 100,000 people, with incidence peaking in the second and third decades of life. Men are twice as commonly affected as women. Other risk factors include increased body mass index, coarse hair and a deep natal cleft. […] The aetiology of pilonidal sinus is still a matter of controversy, but the three most widely accepted theories include the foreign body response theory as outlined by Karydakis, the Bascom hypothesis of midline pits and the Stelzner theory of retention dermatopathy. […] Evaluation of pilonidal sinuses has shown that the cystic cavities within the sinus branch outwards and are lined by chronic granulation tissue. […] Hair removal in pilonidal disease has been a topic of controversy. On the basis of previous understanding that pilonidal disease was a disease of misgrown hair follicles, it followed naturally that hair removal was thought to be a mainstay of treatment.

• #10 Pilonidal disease – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/pilonidal-disease/

  Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Peak incidence: 15-25 years. […] Sex: (3:1).

• #11 Pilonidal sinus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pilonidal-sinus?lang=us

  While pilonidal sinuses can potentially occur at any age, they are much less common in children and older individuals (i.e. those older than 45 years old). The peak age of presentation is patients in their twenties. They are up to four times as common in males. […] The risk factors for developing pilonidal sinuses include male sex (3-4x), sedentary occupations and lifestyle, hirsutism, suboptimal personal hygiene, deep natal cleft, and occupational: regular contact with fragmented hair shafts, e.g. barbers, animal grooming.

• #12 Pilonidal Disease | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688635/0.0/Pilonidal_Disease

  Pilonidal disease results from an abscess, or sinus tract, in the upper part of the natal (gluteal) cleft. […] Incidence: 16 to 26/100,000 per year. […] Predominant sex: male female (3 to 4:1). […] Predominant age: 2nd to 3rd decade, rare in age 45 years. […] Ethnic consideration: whites blacks Asians. […] Prevalence: Surgical procedures show male:female ratio of 4:1, yet incidence data are 10:1.

• #13 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788127-overview

  Incidence of pilonidal disease is approximately 26 per 100,000 population. Pilonidal disease occurs predominantly in males, at a ratio of 3-4:1. It occurs most commonly in White patients, typically in the late teens to early twenties, decreases after age 25, and rarely occurs after age 45. […] One publication listed local irritation to the SC site, positive family history of pilonidal disease, sedentary life style, and obesity as occurring in notable percentages of patients with pilonidal disease (all factors between 34-50% occurrence in pilonidal disease). […] Pilonidal disease affects approximately 26 per 100,000 people. […] Pilonidal disease in the general population has a male preponderance. It occurs in a ratio of 3 or 4:1. In children, however, the ratio is the opposite occurring in 4 females for each male it afflicts. […] Pilonidal disease commonly affects adults in the second to third decade of life. Pilonidal cysts are extremely uncommon after age 45 years, and the incidence usually decreases by age 25 years. The average age of presentation is 21 years for men and 19 years for women.

• #14 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK557770/

  The incidence of pilonidal disease is estimated to be 26 per 100,000 people and affects men 2.2 times more than women. It is estimated that pilonidal disease affects approximately 70,000 people in the United States annually. […] Pilonidal disease is a relatively common and benign disease process where surgery is usually the definitive treatment. Certainly, these patients should be evaluated by a surgeon, but they are usually not the first clinician to which a patient presents. Interprofessional communication is necessary as these patients can present to any clinician, primary care provider, or general practitioner. The diagnosis is clinical, so prompt recognition and diagnosis can lead to faster treatment and resolution. Pilonidal disease is a relatively common disease, and there is an extensive amount of published material. This includes various types of studies, including randomized control studies, cohort and case-control studies, case series, and expert opinions. Pilonidal disease is a broad topic, so narrowing the specific question can provide specific publications and research studies. There are numerous treatment modalities and treatment combinations. There is no single best treatment modality, and treatment must be individually tailored to the patient.

• #15 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788127-overview

  Incidence of pilonidal disease is approximately 26 per 100,000 population. Pilonidal disease occurs predominantly in males, at a ratio of 3-4:1. It occurs most commonly in White patients, typically in the late teens to early twenties, decreases after age 25, and rarely occurs after age 45. […] One publication listed local irritation to the SC site, positive family history of pilonidal disease, sedentary life style, and obesity as occurring in notable percentages of patients with pilonidal disease (all factors between 34-50% occurrence in pilonidal disease). […] Pilonidal disease affects approximately 26 per 100,000 people. […] Pilonidal disease in the general population has a male preponderance. It occurs in a ratio of 3 or 4:1. In children, however, the ratio is the opposite occurring in 4 females for each male it afflicts. […] Pilonidal disease commonly affects adults in the second to third decade of life. Pilonidal cysts are extremely uncommon after age 45 years, and the incidence usually decreases by age 25 years. The average age of presentation is 21 years for men and 19 years for women.

• #16 Pilonidal sinus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pilonidal-sinus?lang=us

  While pilonidal sinuses can potentially occur at any age, they are much less common in children and older individuals (i.e. those older than 45 years old). The peak age of presentation is patients in their twenties. They are up to four times as common in males. […] The risk factors for developing pilonidal sinuses include male sex (3-4x), sedentary occupations and lifestyle, hirsutism, suboptimal personal hygiene, deep natal cleft, and occupational: regular contact with fragmented hair shafts, e.g. barbers, animal grooming.

• #17 Pilonidal Disease: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/192668-overview

  The incidence of pilonidal disease has been reported to be approximately 0.7%. Males are affected 2.2-4 times more frequently than females. During a population study involving college students, the incidence was found to be 1.1% (365/31,497) in males and 0.11% (24/21,367) in females. The onset of the disease is earlier in females, which may be because puberty occurs earlier in females.

• #18 Pilonidal Cyst and Sinus: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788127-overview

  Incidence of pilonidal disease is approximately 26 per 100,000 population. Pilonidal disease occurs predominantly in males, at a ratio of 3-4:1. It occurs most commonly in White patients, typically in the late teens to early twenties, decreases after age 25, and rarely occurs after age 45. […] One publication listed local irritation to the SC site, positive family history of pilonidal disease, sedentary life style, and obesity as occurring in notable percentages of patients with pilonidal disease (all factors between 34-50% occurrence in pilonidal disease). […] Pilonidal disease affects approximately 26 per 100,000 people. […] Pilonidal disease in the general population has a male preponderance. It occurs in a ratio of 3 or 4:1. In children, however, the ratio is the opposite occurring in 4 females for each male it afflicts. […] Pilonidal disease commonly affects adults in the second to third decade of life. Pilonidal cysts are extremely uncommon after age 45 years, and the incidence usually decreases by age 25 years. The average age of presentation is 21 years for men and 19 years for women.

• #19 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Among the adult population in the Western world, the estimated incidence is 26 per 100,000 people, with incidence peaking in the second and third decades of life. Men are twice as commonly affected as women. Other risk factors include increased body mass index, coarse hair and a deep natal cleft. […] The aetiology of pilonidal sinus is still a matter of controversy, but the three most widely accepted theories include the foreign body response theory as outlined by Karydakis, the Bascom hypothesis of midline pits and the Stelzner theory of retention dermatopathy. […] Evaluation of pilonidal sinuses has shown that the cystic cavities within the sinus branch outwards and are lined by chronic granulation tissue. […] Hair removal in pilonidal disease has been a topic of controversy. On the basis of previous understanding that pilonidal disease was a disease of misgrown hair follicles, it followed naturally that hair removal was thought to be a mainstay of treatment.

• #20 Pilonidal sinus: finding the righttrack for treatment

  https://ppch.pl/seo/article/01.3001.0009.6009/en

  Pilonidal cyst is usually diagnosed in young males (4 times more often than in females), usually of Caucasian descent, less frequently African or Asian, most commonly after puberty (mostly in 2nd and 3rd decade of life). In females, the disease develops at a younger age, which is probably due to earlier beginning of puberty. The following are considered risk factors of developing a pilonidal cyst: […] Pilonidal cyst is a troublesome condition affecting usually young people. It significantly influences quality of life and causes low self-esteem. Despite its known pathophysiology and numerous therapeutic methods available, pilonidal cysts still constitute a significant problem in general surgery. A large number of surgical techniques indicates the lack of a single method that ensures therapeutic success, and frequent complications cause both patient’s dissatisfaction and frustration of the operator. […] It indicates the need for further search for new techniques that will give chances for successful treatment of pilonidal cyst.

• #21 Pilonidal cyst | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/pilonidal-cyst?content_id=CON-20376313

  Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adult males, and the problem tends to recur. People who sit for long periods of time are at higher risk of developing pilonidal cysts. […] Factors that might increase your risk of a pilonidal cyst include: Being a young adult white male. Being overweight. Having an inactive lifestyle. Sitting for long periods at a time. Having thick, stiff body hair. […] Some people have pilonidal cysts that become infected again and again over a long time. Without treatment, these people may be at increased risk of a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.

• #22 Pilonidal sinus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pilonidal-sinus?lang=us

  While pilonidal sinuses can potentially occur at any age, they are much less common in children and older individuals (i.e. those older than 45 years old). The peak age of presentation is patients in their twenties. They are up to four times as common in males. […] The risk factors for developing pilonidal sinuses include male sex (3-4x), sedentary occupations and lifestyle, hirsutism, suboptimal personal hygiene, deep natal cleft, and occupational: regular contact with fragmented hair shafts, e.g. barbers, animal grooming.

• #23 Pilonidal Cyst

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/GI/Rectum/PlndlCyst.htm

  Incidence: 70,000 cases in U.S. per year […] Infection occurs most often in males, age 16 to 30 (uncommon after age 40 years) […] Men (more common by 3 fold over women) […] Caucasian (more than asian or black patients) […] Recurrent infections: 10 to 55% […] Routine surgical Consultation is typically recommended due to the high recurrence rate.

• #24 Pilonidal sinus: finding the righttrack for treatment

  https://ppch.pl/seo/article/01.3001.0009.6009/en

  Pilonidal cyst is usually diagnosed in young males (4 times more often than in females), usually of Caucasian descent, less frequently African or Asian, most commonly after puberty (mostly in 2nd and 3rd decade of life). In females, the disease develops at a younger age, which is probably due to earlier beginning of puberty. The following are considered risk factors of developing a pilonidal cyst: […] Pilonidal cyst is a troublesome condition affecting usually young people. It significantly influences quality of life and causes low self-esteem. Despite its known pathophysiology and numerous therapeutic methods available, pilonidal cysts still constitute a significant problem in general surgery. A large number of surgical techniques indicates the lack of a single method that ensures therapeutic success, and frequent complications cause both patient’s dissatisfaction and frustration of the operator. […] It indicates the need for further search for new techniques that will give chances for successful treatment of pilonidal cyst.

• #25 Pilonidal Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15400-pilonidal-disease

  Pilonidal cysts are a common condition, with more than 70,000 cases reported in the U.S. every year. […] Men are three to four times more likely to be diagnosed with a pilonidal cyst than women. […] People between puberty and age 40 (the average age is between 20 and 35) are at higher risk. […] Workers who sit all day (like truck drivers and office workers) are also at higher risk. […] Your family history can play a role in determining if you get pilonidal cysts. […] Currently, many researchers believe that pilonidal cysts are caused by ingrown hairs. […] If you have a chronic pilonidal cyst or it has gotten worse and formed a sinus cavity under your skin, it’s a serious case and you may need surgery to excise (remove) the cyst entirely. […] Pilonidal cysts can sometimes be cured with surgery and your skin might heal fully. However, even after surgery, a pilonidal cyst can remain as a chronic, returning condition. […] There are several steps you can take to help prevent getting pilonidal cysts or to keep them from coming back.

• #26 Pilonidal Sinus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pilonidal-cyst

  A pilonidal sinus infection mostly affects men and is also common in young adults. Its also more common in people who sit a lot, like cab drivers. […] There are a number of complications that may arise from pilonidal sinus infection. These include wound infection and a recurrence of the infection even after surgery. […] You can prevent a pilonidal sinus infection by washing the area on a daily basis with a mild soap, making sure all soap is removed, keeping the area completely dry, and avoiding sitting for long periods.

• #27 Pilonidal cyst | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/pilonidal-cyst?content_id=CON-20376313

  Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adult males, and the problem tends to recur. People who sit for long periods of time are at higher risk of developing pilonidal cysts. […] Factors that might increase your risk of a pilonidal cyst include: Being a young adult white male. Being overweight. Having an inactive lifestyle. Sitting for long periods at a time. Having thick, stiff body hair. […] Some people have pilonidal cysts that become infected again and again over a long time. Without treatment, these people may be at increased risk of a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.

• #28 Pilonidal Sinus & Disease Caboolture | Dermoid Cyst North Lakes | Wide Excision Browns Plains

  https://www.drnaeemkhan.com.au/pilonidal-sinus.html

  Incidence is about 26 per 100,000 population and it is more common in males with M:F ratio of 4-1. It mainly occurs in Caucasians in late 19s to early 20s decreasing after 25. […] Other risk factors also play role such as: Positive family history, Sedentary lifestyle, Obesity.

• #29 Pilonidal cyst | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/pilonidal-cyst?content_id=CON-20376313

  Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adult males, and the problem tends to recur. People who sit for long periods of time are at higher risk of developing pilonidal cysts. […] Factors that might increase your risk of a pilonidal cyst include: Being a young adult white male. Being overweight. Having an inactive lifestyle. Sitting for long periods at a time. Having thick, stiff body hair. […] Some people have pilonidal cysts that become infected again and again over a long time. Without treatment, these people may be at increased risk of a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.

• #30 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Among the adult population in the Western world, the estimated incidence is 26 per 100,000 people, with incidence peaking in the second and third decades of life. Men are twice as commonly affected as women. Other risk factors include increased body mass index, coarse hair and a deep natal cleft. […] The aetiology of pilonidal sinus is still a matter of controversy, but the three most widely accepted theories include the foreign body response theory as outlined by Karydakis, the Bascom hypothesis of midline pits and the Stelzner theory of retention dermatopathy. […] Evaluation of pilonidal sinuses has shown that the cystic cavities within the sinus branch outwards and are lined by chronic granulation tissue. […] Hair removal in pilonidal disease has been a topic of controversy. On the basis of previous understanding that pilonidal disease was a disease of misgrown hair follicles, it followed naturally that hair removal was thought to be a mainstay of treatment.

• #31 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Among the adult population in the Western world, the estimated incidence is 26 per 100,000 people, with incidence peaking in the second and third decades of life. Men are twice as commonly affected as women. Other risk factors include increased body mass index, coarse hair and a deep natal cleft. […] The aetiology of pilonidal sinus is still a matter of controversy, but the three most widely accepted theories include the foreign body response theory as outlined by Karydakis, the Bascom hypothesis of midline pits and the Stelzner theory of retention dermatopathy. […] Evaluation of pilonidal sinuses has shown that the cystic cavities within the sinus branch outwards and are lined by chronic granulation tissue. […] Hair removal in pilonidal disease has been a topic of controversy. On the basis of previous understanding that pilonidal disease was a disease of misgrown hair follicles, it followed naturally that hair removal was thought to be a mainstay of treatment.

• #32 Pilonidal Cyst Treatment New Jersey | Minimally Invasive Surgery

  https://www.advancedsurgerynj.com/minimally-invasive-surgery/pilonidal-cyst/

  Pilonidal disease is not a rare condition. More than 70,000 cases are reported in the U.S. each year. The average age for pilonidal patients is between 20 and 35. […] Pilonidal disease is relatively common, many don’t realize that there is an incredibly high recurrence rate if not treated properly. […] The cleft lift procedure differs from other procedures in that it only removes scarred skin and minimal underlying tissue, putting the incision sufficiently to the side so it can heal well. Other flap procedures often result in disfiguring scars and fail to sufficiently re-contour the cleft to prevent recurrence. […] The only procedure proven to succeed in over 99% of cases is the Cleft Lift Procedure (Bascom Lift). […] These procedures have such high recurrence rates because they do not address the underlying issue, a deep gluteal cleft (butt crease) a deep gluteal cleft harbors and traps moisture and bacteria, which cause pilonidal disease. The Cleft Lift procedure eliminates this and is the reason why it has a 99% success rate.

• #33 Pilonidal Cyst: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15400-pilonidal-disease

  Pilonidal cysts are a common condition, with more than 70,000 cases reported in the U.S. every year. […] Men are three to four times more likely to be diagnosed with a pilonidal cyst than women. […] People between puberty and age 40 (the average age is between 20 and 35) are at higher risk. […] Workers who sit all day (like truck drivers and office workers) are also at higher risk. […] Your family history can play a role in determining if you get pilonidal cysts. […] Currently, many researchers believe that pilonidal cysts are caused by ingrown hairs. […] If you have a chronic pilonidal cyst or it has gotten worse and formed a sinus cavity under your skin, it’s a serious case and you may need surgery to excise (remove) the cyst entirely. […] Pilonidal cysts can sometimes be cured with surgery and your skin might heal fully. However, even after surgery, a pilonidal cyst can remain as a chronic, returning condition. […] There are several steps you can take to help prevent getting pilonidal cysts or to keep them from coming back.

• #34 How to Avoid Pilonidal Cysts: Lakeland Surgical Clinic, PLLC: General Surgery and Advanced Robotic Surgery

  https://www.lsc-ms.com/blog/how-to-avoid-pilonidal-cysts

  Pilonidal cysts are common, with more than 70,000 cases reported every year in the United States. […] If you sit for long periods, such as when driving a truck or cycling for long miles, you’re at greater risk of developing a pilonidal cyst. Men, especially those between 20 and 35, are at particular risk. […] Being overweight or wearing tight clothing also increases your chances of developing this painful cyst. […] Pilonidal cysts aren’t contagious, but they may be influenced by family traits. For example, if rough hair runs in your family, you’re at risk.

• #35 Pilonidal sinus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pilonidal-sinus?lang=us

  While pilonidal sinuses can potentially occur at any age, they are much less common in children and older individuals (i.e. those older than 45 years old). The peak age of presentation is patients in their twenties. They are up to four times as common in males. […] The risk factors for developing pilonidal sinuses include male sex (3-4x), sedentary occupations and lifestyle, hirsutism, suboptimal personal hygiene, deep natal cleft, and occupational: regular contact with fragmented hair shafts, e.g. barbers, animal grooming.

• #36 Pilonidal Sinus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pilonidal-cyst

  A pilonidal sinus infection mostly affects men and is also common in young adults. Its also more common in people who sit a lot, like cab drivers. […] There are a number of complications that may arise from pilonidal sinus infection. These include wound infection and a recurrence of the infection even after surgery. […] You can prevent a pilonidal sinus infection by washing the area on a daily basis with a mild soap, making sure all soap is removed, keeping the area completely dry, and avoiding sitting for long periods.

• #37 Pilonidal Sinus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/pilonidal-sinus-leaflet

  This condition affects around 26 in 100,000 people each year in the UK. It is rare in children and in people over the age of 40. It is four times more common in men than in women (as men tend to have more body hair than women). […] Certain factors increase the risk of developing the condition and include: Having a job involving a lot of sitting (a sedentary occupation). Being overweight or obese. Having a previous persistent irritation or injury to the affected area. Having a hairy, deep natal cleft. Having a family history of the condition. […] This condition used to be called 'jeep seat’ as it was common in army jeep drivers. This was probably a result of many hours of driving and 'bouncing’ on a hard seat, which caused irritation, minor injury and pressure around the natal cleft.

• #38 Pilondial Cysts and Disease – Saleeby and Wessels Proctology

  https://www.saleebyandwesselsproctology.com/colorectal-services/pilondial-cysts-and-disease/

  Pilonidal disease is more common in men than in women, and generally occurs when patients are younger than 40. […] Historically, pilonidal cysts were once called Jeep disease because high numbers of soldiers during World War II presented with them. […] This wave of occurrences is part of a body of evidence supporting the theory that irritation and tissue trauma in the tailbone region can cause or encourage pilonidal cysts.

• #39 Pilonidal Sinus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/pilonidal-sinus-leaflet

  This condition affects around 26 in 100,000 people each year in the UK. It is rare in children and in people over the age of 40. It is four times more common in men than in women (as men tend to have more body hair than women). […] Certain factors increase the risk of developing the condition and include: Having a job involving a lot of sitting (a sedentary occupation). Being overweight or obese. Having a previous persistent irritation or injury to the affected area. Having a hairy, deep natal cleft. Having a family history of the condition. […] This condition used to be called 'jeep seat’ as it was common in army jeep drivers. This was probably a result of many hours of driving and 'bouncing’ on a hard seat, which caused irritation, minor injury and pressure around the natal cleft.

• #40 Pilondial Cysts and Disease – Saleeby and Wessels Proctology

  https://www.saleebyandwesselsproctology.com/colorectal-services/pilondial-cysts-and-disease/

  Pilonidal disease is more common in men than in women, and generally occurs when patients are younger than 40. […] Historically, pilonidal cysts were once called Jeep disease because high numbers of soldiers during World War II presented with them. […] This wave of occurrences is part of a body of evidence supporting the theory that irritation and tissue trauma in the tailbone region can cause or encourage pilonidal cysts.

• #41 Approach to Interdigital Pilonidal Sinus: Our Clinical Experience and Literature Review | ClinMed International Library | International Journal of Surgery Research and Practice

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsrp/international-journal-of-surgery-research-and-practice-ijsrp-3-042.php?jid=ijsrp

  Currie et al. suggested that the diseases rate is approximately 13% among male hairdressers. […] Similarly, the disease prevalence rate was proposed to be 13% in male barbers in another study. […] Although the number of female hairdressers working with men’s hair worldwide has increased recently, male hairdressers traditionally constitute the main patient population. […] The best method to treat this disease and prevent recurrence is protection. […] It appears that patients and physicians do not have an adequate level of awareness of this disease.

• #42 Approach to Interdigital Pilonidal Sinus: Our Clinical Experience and Literature Review | ClinMed International Library | International Journal of Surgery Research and Practice

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsrp/international-journal-of-surgery-research-and-practice-ijsrp-3-042.php?jid=ijsrp

  Interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, also called „barber’s disease,” is an acquired occupational disease. […] Although sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is a common surgical issue, interdigital pilonidal sinus disease is rare and more likely localized between the fingers and toes. […] However, there are insufficient publications on the incidence of this disease. […] It is thought that personal hygiene and use of protective measures are essential for preventing interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, which is acquired occupationally. […] Most cases of non occupational pilonidal sinus disease are not recognized by the patient. […] Because of the asymptomatic disease progression and failure to treat patients, the true incidence of the disease remains unclear. […] Another reason why the disease incidence has remained unclear is the low level of doctors’ awareness of the disease.

• #43 How Common Are Pilonidal Cysts?

  https://www.adlermicromed.com/how-common-are-pilonidal-cysts/

  If you suspect that you’ve been afflicted with pilonidal disease, you might wonder, „How common are pilonidal cysts?” […] The answer to „How common are pilonidal cysts?” might depend on whom you talk to. In one study, the researchers found that only 26 out of every 100,000 people suffered from pilonidal disease. […] Among more limited groups, you may find a higher incidence rate. […] Therefore, in a study of Turkish soldiers, 88 of the 1,000 study participants had a pilonidal sinus. […] Most people who deal with this disease experience symptoms before they turn 40. More specifically, it’s most common between 20 and 35 years of age. […] In the study that claimed that 26 out of every 100,000 people have this problem, the researchers found that the incidence rate for pilonidal sinuses was 2.2 times higher for males than females. […] Overall, about 70,000 Americans are diagnosed with a pilonidal sinus every year. […] Pilonidal sinuses don’t affect everyone, but they’re relatively common, especially among young men.

• #44

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actadv/article/view/6569

  Pilonidal sinus disease is a comorbid disorder and may be the reason for first contact with the healthcare system of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. […] Pilonidal sinus disease was present in 32.6% (269/839) of the patients and was associated with an early debut of hidradenitis suppurativa, a higher Hurley stage, inflammatory phenotype and a greater number of fistulas and perianal involvement. […] Pilonidal sinus disease is a frequent comorbidity and risk marker for hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity. […] Pilonidal sinus disease could be a sentinel event to identify patients who would benefit from close treatment and follow-up.

• #45 Pilonidal cyst | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/pilonidal-cyst?content_id=CON-20376313

  Pilonidal cysts are most common in young adult males, and the problem tends to recur. People who sit for long periods of time are at higher risk of developing pilonidal cysts. […] Factors that might increase your risk of a pilonidal cyst include: Being a young adult white male. Being overweight. Having an inactive lifestyle. Sitting for long periods at a time. Having thick, stiff body hair. […] Some people have pilonidal cysts that become infected again and again over a long time. Without treatment, these people may be at increased risk of a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.

• #46 Treatment Options for Pilonidal Sinus | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/cutis/article/183862/hair-nails/treatment-options-pilonidal-sinus

  Pilonidal sinuses are rare before puberty or after 40 years of age and occur primarily in hirsute men. The ratio of men to women affected is between 3:1 and 4:1. […] Although pilonidal sinuses account for only 15% of anal suppurations, complications arising from pilonidal sinuses are a considerable cause of morbidity, resulting in loss of productivity in otherwise healthy individuals. […] Long-standing disease increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma arising within sinus tracts.

• #47 Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20143-4

  For unknown reasons, the incidence of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) has risen continuously during the past 50 years, particularly in European and North American young men. […] Recurrent disease may probably affect patients long-term satisfaction following PSD surgery. […] Recurrence between 0 percent and 100 percent has been reported for PSD, and wide recurrence range can be seen even within the different surgical approach techniques as open treatment, primary midline closure or flap techniques and others. […] Some evidence suggests that recurrence is associated with surgical procedure and correlated with length of follow-up as well. […] However, the data are conflicting, and applied follow-up times often appear to have been randomly chosen, which brings into question the validity of reported recurrence associated with different surgical procedures.

• #48 Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20143-4

  The purpose of this meta-analysis and merged data analysis was therefore to obtain a comprehensive assessment of recurrence and to ascertain determinants of recurrence of PSD with respect to specific surgical procedures and follow-up time. […] We found that the recurrence in PSD varied depending on the surgical procedure and on the length of follow-up. […] This indicates that a thorough evaluation of a procedure in view of recurrence has to include the specific relation of recurrence to follow-up time and cannot just be based on comparisons at one single follow-up time. […] The strength of our conclusions is substantially buttressed by the extensive analysis of a large database pertaining to particular therapeutic procedures. […] Recurrence in PSD is highly dependent on surgical procedure and by follow-up time; both must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of a procedure.

• #49 Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51159-z

  Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is increasing globally. A recent meta-analysis and merged-data analysis showed that recurrence rates in PSD depend essentially on follow-up time and specific surgical procedures. […] The global distribution of surgical approaches and respective recurrence rates have never been studied in PSD. […] Recurrence rates range from 0.3% for Karydakis/Bascom approaches (95% CI 0.00.8) up to 67.2% for incision (95% CI 7.5100) in the USA, and 0.0% for primary asymmetric closure in Germany (95% CI 0.00.0). […] Our analysis shows that recurrence rates in PSD not only depend on therapeutic approaches and follow-up time but also on geography. […] Geography and thereby specific genetic mechanisms, healthcare settings and socioeconomic factors has been shown to affect manifold diseases, and must be considered when studying a disease worldwide.

• #50 Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51159-z

  We hypothesized that geography affects recurrence rates in PSD and an extensive analysis of data will allow specific recommendations for different geographic regions. […] The primary open approach showed insufficient success in most geographical regions, with a recurrence rate of 41.5% being observed at 60 months in the US. […] The primary midline closure, which is not recommended for use anymore, showed a recurrence rate of 25.3% at 60 months in the USA. […] The merged data analysis is potentially less powerful than a systematic review consisting entirely of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). […] Our results allow a more differentiated view of PSD treatment. Surgical approaches should be selected carefully based on treatment efficacy in general, and geographical influences have to be taken into account when aiming for optimal treatment efficacy. […] In summary, recurrence rates of different surgical approaches used in the treatment of PSD are influenced by geographical factors. Certain surgical approaches such as primary asymmetric closure and different flap techniques remain superior, regardless of the geographical region.

• #51 Pilonidal Disease | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/pilonidal-disease

  Pilonidal disease is a common condition that can happen to anyone but is most prevalent among teenagers and young adults. […] A child who has had pilonidal disease has a 50 percent chance of having it again in the future. […] Our Pilonidal Care Program treats children and teenagers with pilonidal disease. […] The Pilonidal Care Program specializes in the treatment of pilonidal cysts.

• #52

  https://step2.medbullets.com/dermatology/120081/pilonidal-cyst

  Epidemiology […] Incidence […] approximately 70,000 cases per year […] Demographics […] 15-30 years of age […] Location […] gluteal cleft […] Risk factors […] increased hair […] poor hygiene […] prolonged sitting […] skin pits […] trauma or irritation of the region […] obesity […] family history […] […] […] Prognosis […] Approximately 50% of patients with acute pilonidal cyst may develop a chronic pilonidal cyst […] Approximately 20% of cases treated with initial surgery have recurrence of the disease

• #53 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  Background: Epidemiological data on pilonidal disease in Georgia are limited, with no available information on the severity of the condition, which plays a key role in treatment decision-making. […] Our research aimed to study the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its characteristics in Georgia from 2020 to 2022. […] A total of 4,263 cases of pilonidal cysts (both with and without abscess) were identified in the population of both genders in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The crude rate was 38.2 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 46.4 (95% CI: 44.9-47.8). […] The incidence of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate = 38.2 per 100,000; ASR = 46.4 per 100,000) was significantly higher than the global average (26 per 100,000). […] Additionally, hospital treatment was nearly three times more frequent than outpatient treatment, which calls for attention from healthcare professionals and policymakers due to potential social and economic implications.

• #54 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  The crude incidence rate of the pilonidal cyst with abscess (ICD code: L05.0) across both genders was 18.5 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 22.5, 95% CI (21.5-23.5). […] It is important to note that new cases of pilonidal disease treated in hospitals were significantly higher (ASR=34.1, 95% CI (32.1-36.1)) than those treated in outpatient settings (ASR=12.3, 95% CI (11.6-13.1)), with a standardized rate ratio of 2.8, 95% CI (2.6-3.0). […] This study is the first to examine the epidemiological rates of pilonidal sinus and its age- and gender-specific characteristics in Georgia. […] Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the incidence rate of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate: 38.2 per 100,000; ASR: 46.4 per 100,000) is significantly higher than the global rate (26 per 100,000).

• #55 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  Background: Epidemiological data on pilonidal disease in Georgia are limited, with no available information on the severity of the condition, which plays a key role in treatment decision-making. […] Our research aimed to study the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its characteristics in Georgia from 2020 to 2022. […] A total of 4,263 cases of pilonidal cysts (both with and without abscess) were identified in the population of both genders in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The crude rate was 38.2 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 46.4 (95% CI: 44.9-47.8). […] The incidence of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate = 38.2 per 100,000; ASR = 46.4 per 100,000) was significantly higher than the global average (26 per 100,000). […] Additionally, hospital treatment was nearly three times more frequent than outpatient treatment, which calls for attention from healthcare professionals and policymakers due to potential social and economic implications.

• #56 Article 1_25_6 | GBMNGeorgian Biomedical News

  https://www.gbmn.org/article-102

  The crude incidence rate of the pilonidal cyst with abscess (ICD code: L05.0) across both genders was 18.5 per 100,000 persons, and the ASR was 22.5, 95% CI (21.5-23.5). […] It is important to note that new cases of pilonidal disease treated in hospitals were significantly higher (ASR=34.1, 95% CI (32.1-36.1)) than those treated in outpatient settings (ASR=12.3, 95% CI (11.6-13.1)), with a standardized rate ratio of 2.8, 95% CI (2.6-3.0). […] This study is the first to examine the epidemiological rates of pilonidal sinus and its age- and gender-specific characteristics in Georgia. […] Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that the incidence rate of pilonidal sinus in Georgia (crude rate: 38.2 per 100,000; ASR: 46.4 per 100,000) is significantly higher than the global rate (26 per 100,000).

• #57 Treatment Options for Pilonidal Sinus | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/cutis/article/183862/hair-nails/treatment-options-pilonidal-sinus

  Pilonidal sinuses are rare before puberty or after 40 years of age and occur primarily in hirsute men. The ratio of men to women affected is between 3:1 and 4:1. […] Although pilonidal sinuses account for only 15% of anal suppurations, complications arising from pilonidal sinuses are a considerable cause of morbidity, resulting in loss of productivity in otherwise healthy individuals. […] Long-standing disease increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma arising within sinus tracts.

• #58 Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20143-4

  For unknown reasons, the incidence of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) has risen continuously during the past 50 years, particularly in European and North American young men. […] Recurrent disease may probably affect patients long-term satisfaction following PSD surgery. […] Recurrence between 0 percent and 100 percent has been reported for PSD, and wide recurrence range can be seen even within the different surgical approach techniques as open treatment, primary midline closure or flap techniques and others. […] Some evidence suggests that recurrence is associated with surgical procedure and correlated with length of follow-up as well. […] However, the data are conflicting, and applied follow-up times often appear to have been randomly chosen, which brings into question the validity of reported recurrence associated with different surgical procedures.

• #59 Effective Treatments for Your Pilonidal Cyst: Surgical Associates of North Texas: Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeons

  https://www.surgicalassociatesofnorthtexas.com/blog/effective-treatments-for-your-pilonidal-cyst

  Pilonidal cysts are a very common problem, especially for men 20-35 years of age. […] But only around 70,000 cases get reported each year, because people often feel too embarrassed to talk about them even with their doctors. […] Anyone can develop a pilonidal cyst, but theyre most common in people with thick or excessive body hair, sedentary lifestyles, or professions that require prolonged sitting. […] If you suspect you have a pilonidal cyst, its important to receive expert care. Without treatment, these cysts can cause abscesses as well as empty spaces underneath the skin, known as sinus cavities.

• #60 Approach to Interdigital Pilonidal Sinus: Our Clinical Experience and Literature Review | ClinMed International Library | International Journal of Surgery Research and Practice

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsrp/international-journal-of-surgery-research-and-practice-ijsrp-3-042.php?jid=ijsrp

  Interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, also called „barber’s disease,” is an acquired occupational disease. […] Although sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is a common surgical issue, interdigital pilonidal sinus disease is rare and more likely localized between the fingers and toes. […] However, there are insufficient publications on the incidence of this disease. […] It is thought that personal hygiene and use of protective measures are essential for preventing interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, which is acquired occupationally. […] Most cases of non occupational pilonidal sinus disease are not recognized by the patient. […] Because of the asymptomatic disease progression and failure to treat patients, the true incidence of the disease remains unclear. […] Another reason why the disease incidence has remained unclear is the low level of doctors’ awareness of the disease.

• #61 Approach to Interdigital Pilonidal Sinus: Our Clinical Experience and Literature Review | ClinMed International Library | International Journal of Surgery Research and Practice

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsrp/international-journal-of-surgery-research-and-practice-ijsrp-3-042.php?jid=ijsrp

  Currie et al. suggested that the diseases rate is approximately 13% among male hairdressers. […] Similarly, the disease prevalence rate was proposed to be 13% in male barbers in another study. […] Although the number of female hairdressers working with men’s hair worldwide has increased recently, male hairdressers traditionally constitute the main patient population. […] The best method to treat this disease and prevent recurrence is protection. […] It appears that patients and physicians do not have an adequate level of awareness of this disease.

• #62 Approach to Interdigital Pilonidal Sinus: Our Clinical Experience and Literature Review | ClinMed International Library | International Journal of Surgery Research and Practice

  https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijsrp/international-journal-of-surgery-research-and-practice-ijsrp-3-042.php?jid=ijsrp

  Interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, also called „barber’s disease,” is an acquired occupational disease. […] Although sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease is a common surgical issue, interdigital pilonidal sinus disease is rare and more likely localized between the fingers and toes. […] However, there are insufficient publications on the incidence of this disease. […] It is thought that personal hygiene and use of protective measures are essential for preventing interdigital pilonidal sinus disease, which is acquired occupationally. […] Most cases of non occupational pilonidal sinus disease are not recognized by the patient. […] Because of the asymptomatic disease progression and failure to treat patients, the true incidence of the disease remains unclear. […] Another reason why the disease incidence has remained unclear is the low level of doctors’ awareness of the disease.

• #63 Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51159-z

  Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is increasing globally. A recent meta-analysis and merged-data analysis showed that recurrence rates in PSD depend essentially on follow-up time and specific surgical procedures. […] The global distribution of surgical approaches and respective recurrence rates have never been studied in PSD. […] Recurrence rates range from 0.3% for Karydakis/Bascom approaches (95% CI 0.00.8) up to 67.2% for incision (95% CI 7.5100) in the USA, and 0.0% for primary asymmetric closure in Germany (95% CI 0.00.0). […] Our analysis shows that recurrence rates in PSD not only depend on therapeutic approaches and follow-up time but also on geography. […] Geography and thereby specific genetic mechanisms, healthcare settings and socioeconomic factors has been shown to affect manifold diseases, and must be considered when studying a disease worldwide.

• #64 Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51159-z

  We hypothesized that geography affects recurrence rates in PSD and an extensive analysis of data will allow specific recommendations for different geographic regions. […] The primary open approach showed insufficient success in most geographical regions, with a recurrence rate of 41.5% being observed at 60 months in the US. […] The primary midline closure, which is not recommended for use anymore, showed a recurrence rate of 25.3% at 60 months in the USA. […] The merged data analysis is potentially less powerful than a systematic review consisting entirely of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). […] Our results allow a more differentiated view of PSD treatment. Surgical approaches should be selected carefully based on treatment efficacy in general, and geographical influences have to be taken into account when aiming for optimal treatment efficacy. […] In summary, recurrence rates of different surgical approaches used in the treatment of PSD are influenced by geographical factors. Certain surgical approaches such as primary asymmetric closure and different flap techniques remain superior, regardless of the geographical region.

• #65 Effective Treatments for Your Pilonidal Cyst: Surgical Associates of North Texas: Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeons

  https://www.surgicalassociatesofnorthtexas.com/blog/effective-treatments-for-your-pilonidal-cyst

  Pilonidal cysts are a very common problem, especially for men 20-35 years of age. […] But only around 70,000 cases get reported each year, because people often feel too embarrassed to talk about them even with their doctors. […] Anyone can develop a pilonidal cyst, but theyre most common in people with thick or excessive body hair, sedentary lifestyles, or professions that require prolonged sitting. […] If you suspect you have a pilonidal cyst, its important to receive expert care. Without treatment, these cysts can cause abscesses as well as empty spaces underneath the skin, known as sinus cavities.

• #66 Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pilonidal-sinus-and-cysts

  Typically, pilonidal cysts occur after puberty and are more common among young men and teen boys than their female counterparts. […] Most pilonidal cysts are identified through a careful physical exam by an experienced physician. […] In some cases, your child’s physician may request imaging such as a pelvic MRI to help determine the severity of the cysts, risk for infection, and to help guide treatment or support surgical planning. […] The treatment for pilonidal cysts and sinuses varies from child to child, depending on the symptoms, and may include antibiotics, incision and drainage, and/or surgery. […] After surgery, it is important to keep the surgical site and nearby areas clean and free of hair. This will improve healing.

• #67 Pilonidal Cyst & Sinus: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/pilonidal-cyst-and-sinus/?srsltid=AfmBOoqtjR_1005jzvZkBgFPPc-B40sGcy198kOd9q4bih4Gg0QV6y0D

  Pilonidal disease typically presents between the ages of 15 and 30 and is more prevalent in males (DynaMed, 2018). […] The disease is associated with significant morbidity and recurrence in 50% of cases (DynaMed, 2018). […] Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on physical findings (DynaMed, 2018).

• #68 Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pilonidal-sinus-and-cysts

  Typically, pilonidal cysts occur after puberty and are more common among young men and teen boys than their female counterparts. […] Most pilonidal cysts are identified through a careful physical exam by an experienced physician. […] In some cases, your child’s physician may request imaging such as a pelvic MRI to help determine the severity of the cysts, risk for infection, and to help guide treatment or support surgical planning. […] The treatment for pilonidal cysts and sinuses varies from child to child, depending on the symptoms, and may include antibiotics, incision and drainage, and/or surgery. […] After surgery, it is important to keep the surgical site and nearby areas clean and free of hair. This will improve healing.

• #69 Pilonidal Disease Management: Guidelines from the ASCRS | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p582.html

  Pilonidal disease is a reaction to hair in the gluteal cleft, in which unattached hairs injure or pierce the skin, resulting in a foreign body reaction. The condition, which has an annual incidence of about 70,000, can lead to midline pits or secondary infection. […] The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) has released a clinical practice guideline to provide physicians with diagnosis and treatment options. […] There is little evidence to guide treatment for recurrent disease. Surgical approaches should be selected based on whether there is an acute abscess or chronic disease and surgeon expertise. When treating patients for a recurrence, physicians should exclude other etiologies, including inflammatory bowel disease, immunosuppression, and cutaneous neoplasms.

• #70 Pilonidal sinus: finding the righttrack for treatment

  https://ppch.pl/seo/article/01.3001.0009.6009/en

  Pilonidal cyst is usually diagnosed in young males (4 times more often than in females), usually of Caucasian descent, less frequently African or Asian, most commonly after puberty (mostly in 2nd and 3rd decade of life). In females, the disease develops at a younger age, which is probably due to earlier beginning of puberty. The following are considered risk factors of developing a pilonidal cyst: […] Pilonidal cyst is a troublesome condition affecting usually young people. It significantly influences quality of life and causes low self-esteem. Despite its known pathophysiology and numerous therapeutic methods available, pilonidal cysts still constitute a significant problem in general surgery. A large number of surgical techniques indicates the lack of a single method that ensures therapeutic success, and frequent complications cause both patient’s dissatisfaction and frustration of the operator. […] It indicates the need for further search for new techniques that will give chances for successful treatment of pilonidal cyst.

• #71 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Among the adult population in the Western world, the estimated incidence is 26 per 100,000 people, with incidence peaking in the second and third decades of life. Men are twice as commonly affected as women. Other risk factors include increased body mass index, coarse hair and a deep natal cleft. […] The aetiology of pilonidal sinus is still a matter of controversy, but the three most widely accepted theories include the foreign body response theory as outlined by Karydakis, the Bascom hypothesis of midline pits and the Stelzner theory of retention dermatopathy. […] Evaluation of pilonidal sinuses has shown that the cystic cavities within the sinus branch outwards and are lined by chronic granulation tissue. […] Hair removal in pilonidal disease has been a topic of controversy. On the basis of previous understanding that pilonidal disease was a disease of misgrown hair follicles, it followed naturally that hair removal was thought to be a mainstay of treatment.

• #72 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Today, there is only support in the literature for hair removal with laser treatment. It has been shown that a significantly reduced recurrence rate was recorded in these patients in comparison to patients with no hair removal. However, patients who removed their hair via shaving or hair removal cream had greater rates of recurrence, thought to be due to skin trauma from shaving and possibly the lack of compliance in the long run.

• #73 Pilonidal cyst – Dr Philippe Bull

  https://www.dr-bull.at/en/pilonidal-cyst/

  Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic, recurrent disorder of the sacrococcygeal region, which commonly occurs in young adults following puberty. The male population is affected more frequently compared with the female population. […] Risk factors that have been attributed to developing a pilonidal cyst include the following: Increased friction or abrasion in the area Increased hair Deep natal cleft. […] The primary treatment for any infected pilonidal cyst with an underlying abscess is antibiotics with incision and drainage. Antibiotics should cover skin flora; some recommend anaerobic coverage with metronidazole. Surgical referral should be made after the infection has cleared for definitive pilonidal cystectomy. […] Many small studies have been performed evaluating laser epilation postoperatively. In the 1- to 3-year follow-up periods, there is a significant reduction in recurrence. However, many of these studies use different types of lasers with different treatment schedules. Collectively, these studies suggest that laser epilation prevents recurrent pilonidal disease. Long-term studies may be warranted to further elucidate the role of laser epilation.

• #74 Pilonidal disease practice points: An update

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2019/march/pilonidal-disease-practice-points

  Today, there is only support in the literature for hair removal with laser treatment. It has been shown that a significantly reduced recurrence rate was recorded in these patients in comparison to patients with no hair removal. However, patients who removed their hair via shaving or hair removal cream had greater rates of recurrence, thought to be due to skin trauma from shaving and possibly the lack of compliance in the long run.

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