Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  Tics are quick, repetitive movements or sounds that your body makes involuntarily. […] If your child has more severe or frequent tics, they may have a neurological condition that causes them to perform tics, called a tic disorder. […] Tics frequently begin with an unpleasant sensation or urge that builds up in your body. […] But sometimes, the presence of tics can be a sign of a more serious tic disorder that requires treatment. […] Tic disorders are a spectrum of neurological conditions that cause you to perform tics. […] In many cases, tics are mild and don’t require treatment. […] In other cases, treatment is necessary to manage tics and other health conditions that occur with them. […] There are three main types of tic disorders. […] People with provisional tic disorder, or transient tic disorder, have motor or vocal tics (one or both) for less than one year.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/

  Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds. […] Tics are not usually serious and normally improve over time. But they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities. […] Tics are not usually serious and they do not damage the brain. […] Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems. Self-help tips, such as avoiding stress or tiredness, are often very helpful for the majority of people. […] If a tic is more severe and is affecting everyday activities, therapies that aim to reduce how often tics occur may be recommended. […] The main therapies for tics are: Habit reversal therapy this aims to help you or your child learn intentional movements that „compete” with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time, Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) a set of behavioural techniques to help learn skills to reduce tics, Exposure with response prevention (ERP) this aims to help you or your child get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring. […] There are also medicines that can help reduce tics. These may be used alongside psychological therapies or after trying these therapies unsuccessfully.

• #3 Motor and Vocal Tics | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/motor-and-vocal-tics.html

  Motor tics are involuntary movements caused by spasm-like contractions of muscles, most commonly involving the face, mouth, eyes, head, neck or shoulders. […] Vocal tics are sounds uttered unintentionally. […] A person may be able to suppress a tic for a short time, but the tic movement or sound will recur as the urge becomes stronger. […] Complex motor tics can be a combination of many simple motor tics or a series of movements that involve more than one muscle group. […] These types of tics can interfere greatly with daily life and may be harmful, such as head banging or lip biting. […] Patients with a complex vocal tic may repeat their own words (palilalia) or other peoples words (echolalia), and may use obscene words (coprolalia). […] Tics may get worse when a patient experiences stress, sleep deprivation, excitement, heat or caffeine.

• #4 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  Tics are quick, repetitive movements or sounds that your body makes involuntarily. […] If your child has more severe or frequent tics, they may have a neurological condition that causes them to perform tics, called a tic disorder. […] Tics frequently begin with an unpleasant sensation or urge that builds up in your body. […] But sometimes, the presence of tics can be a sign of a more serious tic disorder that requires treatment. […] Tic disorders are a spectrum of neurological conditions that cause you to perform tics. […] In many cases, tics are mild and don’t require treatment. […] In other cases, treatment is necessary to manage tics and other health conditions that occur with them. […] There are three main types of tic disorders. […] People with provisional tic disorder, or transient tic disorder, have motor or vocal tics (one or both) for less than one year.

• #5 Tourette Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are abrupt, rapid, brief, repetitive behaviors that may resemble aspects of normal behavior, except in their intensity, frequency, and timing. […] Tics can often be suppressed for periods of time, but this may cause discomfort and fatigue. […] Tics typically start around the age of 4-6 years and reach their peak severity age 10-12 years. […] Motor tics are abrupt, brief, rapid, repetitive, often transiently suppressible, movements that may fluctuate in distribution and severity. […] Tics may also cause noise or sound by moving air through nasal and oropharyngeal passages (vocal or phonic tics). […] Simple tics involve repetitive movement of one muscle group such as shoulder shrugging, eye blinking, or neck popping. […] Complex motor tics include coordinated motor behaviors such as touching, tapping, jumping, skipping when walking, or socially inappropriate gestures (copropraxia).

• #6

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Tics-Tourette-Syndrome-and-OCD.aspx

  Tourette syndrome is a type of tic disorder. Tics can be short, fast, sudden or come in clusters. They can also vary in number, frequency, type, or severity. They can even disappear for weeks or months at a time. […] Tics typically get worse when your child is anxious, stressed, excited, tired or angry. It’s not common, but tics can also happen while your child is sleeping. Keep in mind that tics are usually temporary and mild. […] Some kids feel they can briefly control their tics. But the urge only grows until it finally explodes. The tic has to be released. When your child is focusing their attention on something else, their tics may improve. […] It’s best not to point out or comment on your child’s tics either. This might make them more self-conscious, which could also make the tics worse. Instead, work at making your child’s environment a place where their tics are seen as natural and normal.

• #7 Tourette Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are abrupt, rapid, brief, repetitive behaviors that may resemble aspects of normal behavior, except in their intensity, frequency, and timing. […] Tics can often be suppressed for periods of time, but this may cause discomfort and fatigue. […] Tics typically start around the age of 4-6 years and reach their peak severity age 10-12 years. […] Motor tics are abrupt, brief, rapid, repetitive, often transiently suppressible, movements that may fluctuate in distribution and severity. […] Tics may also cause noise or sound by moving air through nasal and oropharyngeal passages (vocal or phonic tics). […] Simple tics involve repetitive movement of one muscle group such as shoulder shrugging, eye blinking, or neck popping. […] Complex motor tics include coordinated motor behaviors such as touching, tapping, jumping, skipping when walking, or socially inappropriate gestures (copropraxia).

• #8 Tourette Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are frequently preceded by premonitory sensations described by patients as a need to stretch the muscle, increased tension or discomfort, or an urge to have to tic until it „feels just right.” […] The goal of treatment should not be to completely eliminate all the tics, but to achieve a tolerable suppression. […] Although a variety of behavioral and alternative therapies have been tried, most clinicians believe that the treatment of choice for reducing the frequency and severity of tics involves the use of medications that act by blocking dopamine receptors or by depleting dopamine. […] Other drugs occasionally found useful in the treatment of tics include clonidine (Catapres), guanfacine (Tenex), topiramate (Topamax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). […] Another approach to the treatment of tics is the use of botulinum toxin injections in the area of the most problematic tic. […] In severe cases of Tourette syndrome which do not respond to other therapies, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered. […] The most troublesome symptoms, such as tics, OCD, ADHD and impulse control problems, should be targeted first.

• #9 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  Tics are quick, repetitive movements or sounds that your body makes involuntarily. […] If your child has more severe or frequent tics, they may have a neurological condition that causes them to perform tics, called a tic disorder. […] Tics frequently begin with an unpleasant sensation or urge that builds up in your body. […] But sometimes, the presence of tics can be a sign of a more serious tic disorder that requires treatment. […] Tic disorders are a spectrum of neurological conditions that cause you to perform tics. […] In many cases, tics are mild and don’t require treatment. […] In other cases, treatment is necessary to manage tics and other health conditions that occur with them. […] There are three main types of tic disorders. […] People with provisional tic disorder, or transient tic disorder, have motor or vocal tics (one or both) for less than one year.

• #10 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  Tics are quick, repetitive movements or sounds that your body makes involuntarily. […] If your child has more severe or frequent tics, they may have a neurological condition that causes them to perform tics, called a tic disorder. […] Tics frequently begin with an unpleasant sensation or urge that builds up in your body. […] But sometimes, the presence of tics can be a sign of a more serious tic disorder that requires treatment. […] Tic disorders are a spectrum of neurological conditions that cause you to perform tics. […] In many cases, tics are mild and don’t require treatment. […] In other cases, treatment is necessary to manage tics and other health conditions that occur with them. […] There are three main types of tic disorders. […] People with provisional tic disorder, or transient tic disorder, have motor or vocal tics (one or both) for less than one year.

• #11 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  People with persistent (chronic) tic disorder have motor or vocal tics (not both) for more than one year. […] People with Tourette syndrome have motor and vocal tics (both) for more than one year. […] Tic disorder treatment depends on the type and severity of your child’s condition. […] If their condition is mild, they may not need any treatment, and their tics may resolve on their own. […] In other cases, if your child’s tics are severe and interfering with their daily life, their healthcare provider may recommend behavioral therapy, medication or both. […] Through a type of behavioral therapy called habit reversal training, your child will learn how to manage their symptoms and come up with a different behavior to take the tics place. […] If the tics persist and are interfering with your child’s life, medications for tics may help.

• #12 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  People with persistent (chronic) tic disorder have motor or vocal tics (not both) for more than one year. […] People with Tourette syndrome have motor and vocal tics (both) for more than one year. […] Tic disorder treatment depends on the type and severity of your child’s condition. […] If their condition is mild, they may not need any treatment, and their tics may resolve on their own. […] In other cases, if your child’s tics are severe and interfering with their daily life, their healthcare provider may recommend behavioral therapy, medication or both. […] Through a type of behavioral therapy called habit reversal training, your child will learn how to manage their symptoms and come up with a different behavior to take the tics place. […] If the tics persist and are interfering with your child’s life, medications for tics may help.

• #13 Managing Tics in Primary Care

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/managing-tics-primary-care/

  Our Neurosciences Center recently developed a standard of care for tic disorders/Tourette syndrome to assist referring providers. […] Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Tourette syndrome) is an early childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary movements and vocalizations, referred to as tics. […] Tourette syndrome is commonly associated with comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and other behavioral problems. […] According to some reports, 80% to 90% of patients with Tourette syndrome have both tics and psychiatric manifestations. […] These comorbid disorders can cause significant functional impairment and poor self-esteem and can affect the quality of life of patients with Tourette syndrome.

• #14 Tics and Kids: When Should I Seek Care? | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/tics-and-kids-when-should-i-seek-care

  Up to 24% of children have transient tics. It is estimated that between one and 10 per 1000 children and adolescents have chronic tics (also sometimes referred to as Tourette syndrome when they have both motor and phonic tics). […] When a parent brings their child to a doctor to diagnose a tic disorder, they can expect the visit to include a physical exam as well as examining the history and description of the movements. […] Many parents are surprised to learn that most tics in children are transient and do not require treatment. Even patients with mild Tourette syndrome may not require treatment, as treatment is indicated only when tics are interfering with activities of daily living, social interactions, are causing discomfort, or affecting school performance. […] If treatment is required, the main goal is to optimize the quality of life for the patient through reduction of tics and improvement of behavioral issues.

• #15 Tourette Syndrome | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

  https://www.wakehealth.edu/condition/t/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are fairly common. Tics occur in about 20% school-aged children at some point. Most often, tics are mild and treatment is not required. However, if tics are bothersome or getting in the way of school or daily life they may need treatment including behavioral therapy and/or medication. […] Tics can sometimes improve when focused on activities. […] Most often, tics are mild and treatment is not required. However, if tics are bothersome or getting in the way of school or daily life they may need treatment. Treatments can include behavioral therapy and/or medication. […] Our team has expertise in Tourette Syndrome, Tics and their related disorders. Since every person is different, our team will work together with you to find the best and most effective treatment. […] If a persons tics are interfering in the classroom setting, we will work with you to develop an educational plan (504 Plan or Individualized Education Program IEP) to maximize success in the all school settings. […] Should tics or the common co-occurring conditions interfere with work, we will work with you and your employer to develop accommodations will help to ensure you are successful at your job.

• #16 Tics and Tic Disorders: What They Are, Causes & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/tics-and-tic-disorders

  Tics usually improve on their own over time and may stop completely. […] If your child has mild tics, you may be able to help them with some simple self-care tips. […] You should schedule an appointment with your child’s provider if you’re concerned about their tics or the tics: […] If your child has developed a tic, you may be worried, stressed or concerned. […] But if your child’s tics have become more frequent or severe, it may be time to reach out to their healthcare provider.

• #17 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental movement characterized by abrupt, rapid, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics. […] Treatment is necessary when the children experience physical discomfort, functional dysfunction, and poor interpersonal interaction and mental health. […] This review summarizes the symptom management and nursing care measures for youths with TS. […] Providing the youths with strategies to reduce the tics’ interference with their learning outcomes and helping them develop strategies to cope with diverse interpersonal interactions at school are also important. […] Therefore, it is recommended strongly that healthcare providers consider the individual needs of youths with TS when they administer relevant treatment measures, as well as evaluate the patients’ need to receive continuous treatment regularly.

• #18 Recognition and Management of Tourette’s Syndrome and Tic Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0415/p2263.html

  The following steps should be included in the preliminary management of tic disorders: (1) a detailed history—age of onset, family history, other medical concerns, evidence of waxing and waning course; (2) descriptions of reported and observed behaviors; and (3) specific follow-up observations or referral questions. […] Positive reinforcement programs appear to be most helpful in the management of tic disorders. Target behaviors may be categorized into two groups: (1) skill deficiencies, or areas that initially require concentration to build social and academic skills; and (2) behavior excesses, in which the goal is to help the patient decrease the frequency of these behaviors. […] The therapeutic goal should not be to decrease tics to a level at which they are no longer noticeable. The goal in tic control is to use the lowest dosage of medication that will enhance the patient’s functioning to an acceptable level. Often this will require only modest levels of tic reduction.

• #19 Motor and Vocal Tics | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/motor-and-vocal-tics.html

  A good medical history and a physical examination is usually all that is needed to diagnose a motor or vocal tic disorder. […] In most cases, motor and vocal tics are not dangerous or disruptive to a person’s everyday life and no treatment is necessary. […] For those with severe tics that interfere with quality of life, tics may be managed with medications that include neuroleptics and other sedatives.

• #20 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Tic disorders, commonly encountered in the field of nursing, are characterised by unintentional and repetitive movements, sounds, or behaviours. […] Understanding the intricacies of tic disorders like TTD and CMTD is crucial for nursing professionals to provide the best possible care. It enables them to not only address physical symptoms but also manoeuvre through the psychological implications that often accompany these disorders. […] In the comprehensive landscape of tic disorder management, nursing professionals stand as custodians of care. From supporting diagnostic procedures to implementing evidence-based interventions and fostering resilience among patients, the role of nursing remains pivotal. […] Nurses involved in tic disorders management are often tasked with: Supporting Diagnostic Procedures, Implementing Interventions, Educating Patients and Families, Coordinating Care.

• #21 Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/tic-disorders-and-tourette-syndrome-program

  Because providing support to caregivers is a crucial component of the treatment process, patient and family educators in the Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program are available to partner with families to teach parents and caregivers the skills they need to help their children. Additionally, we can educate teachers, school nurses, counselors, and others on tic disorders as needed or requested. In many cases, we can provide letters to endorse additional educational assessments like 504s or Individualized Educational Plans (IEP). […] The Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program focuses on helping children thrive and improve their tics, providing resources to support them and their families. Program director Kinga Tomczak, MD, PhD, a child neurologist and tic disorder specialist, along with the programs team of nurse practitioners, regularly recommend a comprehensive treatment plan, which can include Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Your childs care team will provide different medication choices based on their specific needs and other health conditions. We discuss possible side effects and suggest medications that can help with not just tic symptoms, but also concerns such as ADHD, headaches, sleep problems, or anxiety.

• #22 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Tic disorders, commonly encountered in the field of nursing, are characterised by unintentional and repetitive movements, sounds, or behaviours. […] Understanding the intricacies of tic disorders like TTD and CMTD is crucial for nursing professionals to provide the best possible care. It enables them to not only address physical symptoms but also manoeuvre through the psychological implications that often accompany these disorders. […] In the comprehensive landscape of tic disorder management, nursing professionals stand as custodians of care. From supporting diagnostic procedures to implementing evidence-based interventions and fostering resilience among patients, the role of nursing remains pivotal. […] Nurses involved in tic disorders management are often tasked with: Supporting Diagnostic Procedures, Implementing Interventions, Educating Patients and Families, Coordinating Care.

• #23 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Parents expect healthcare providers to provide opportunities for them to learn caregiving techniques in response to TS’s effects on their children and themselves. […] Therefore, it is suggested that healthcare providers evaluate and understand the care-related needs and opinions of youths with TS and their parents first, and then provide patient education and instruction by using non-medical jargon to improve communication and ensure that the educational measures match the patients’ needs more closely. […] Teachers play a key role in helping tics-free peers accept youths with TS. […] Educating school teachers and staff about TS can help youths with TS manage their tics while learning, and also receive the mental and social support they need. […] The aforementioned measures are all salient management strategies that also enable teachers to maintain a positive attitude when they help youths with TS overcome their learning and interpersonal problems.

• #24 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Parents expect healthcare providers to provide opportunities for them to learn caregiving techniques in response to TS’s effects on their children and themselves. […] Therefore, it is suggested that healthcare providers evaluate and understand the care-related needs and opinions of youths with TS and their parents first, and then provide patient education and instruction by using non-medical jargon to improve communication and ensure that the educational measures match the patients’ needs more closely. […] Teachers play a key role in helping tics-free peers accept youths with TS. […] Educating school teachers and staff about TS can help youths with TS manage their tics while learning, and also receive the mental and social support they need. […] The aforementioned measures are all salient management strategies that also enable teachers to maintain a positive attitude when they help youths with TS overcome their learning and interpersonal problems.

• #25 Tics in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.tics-in-children-care-instructions.ad1725

  Tics are repeated sounds, jerks, or muscle movements, such as in the arms, neck, or face. […] Tics may be mild, or they may be severe enough at times to get in the way of daily activities. Home treatment is usually all that is needed to help manage mild tics. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. […] Remember that your child cannot control the tics. Although tics can appear to be „on purpose” and may frustrate you, do not show frustration or punish your child for having tics. Give your child plenty of love and support. […] Talk to your child, your family, and your child’s teachers about what tics are and how they’re managed. […] Your child’s tics are frequent or severe enough to get in the way of school or daily activities.

• #26 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  It is inferred that these feelings experienced by the youths are associated with the mimicry of seemingly abnormal tics or taunts from their peers, as well as poorer interactions with their peers. […] The acceptance and concern given by parents, teachers, and friends are motivating forces that help children and youths with TS accept and live with their illness, strengthen their personal advantage, and find success in life.

• #27 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Over the years, research has shed light on various evidence-based interventions for tic disorders. These interventions, comprising primarily behavioural therapies and pharmacologic treatment, have proven effective in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Among various coping strategies, here are some proven to be beneficial: Stress Management Techniques, Regular Physical Exercise, Social Support. […] The role of nursing in such contexts is not merely as a provider of care but as a beacon that guides patients towards better health outcomes.

• #28 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  It is inferred that these feelings experienced by the youths are associated with the mimicry of seemingly abnormal tics or taunts from their peers, as well as poorer interactions with their peers. […] The acceptance and concern given by parents, teachers, and friends are motivating forces that help children and youths with TS accept and live with their illness, strengthen their personal advantage, and find success in life.

• #29 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental movement characterized by abrupt, rapid, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics. […] Treatment is necessary when the children experience physical discomfort, functional dysfunction, and poor interpersonal interaction and mental health. […] This review summarizes the symptom management and nursing care measures for youths with TS. […] Providing the youths with strategies to reduce the tics’ interference with their learning outcomes and helping them develop strategies to cope with diverse interpersonal interactions at school are also important. […] Therefore, it is recommended strongly that healthcare providers consider the individual needs of youths with TS when they administer relevant treatment measures, as well as evaluate the patients’ need to receive continuous treatment regularly.

• #30 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Parents expect healthcare providers to provide opportunities for them to learn caregiving techniques in response to TS’s effects on their children and themselves. […] Therefore, it is suggested that healthcare providers evaluate and understand the care-related needs and opinions of youths with TS and their parents first, and then provide patient education and instruction by using non-medical jargon to improve communication and ensure that the educational measures match the patients’ needs more closely. […] Teachers play a key role in helping tics-free peers accept youths with TS. […] Educating school teachers and staff about TS can help youths with TS manage their tics while learning, and also receive the mental and social support they need. […] The aforementioned measures are all salient management strategies that also enable teachers to maintain a positive attitude when they help youths with TS overcome their learning and interpersonal problems.

• #31 23.6 Tic Disorder and Tourette Syndrome – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/23-6-tic-disorder-and-tourette-syndrome

  Nurses support clients and their families through diagnosis, treatment, and management of tic disorders. […] Nurses can also teach parents ways to educate their children on tic management for long-term care. […] The school nurse can be a source of support to the student by giving them a safe space to display their tics, educating staff about Tourette syndrome, and being aware of the medications that the student is taking. […] The Tourette Association of America offers resources to train teens to advocate for those with Tourette and tic disorders, while educating the public about these conditions. […] Schools can work with faculty and parents to set up an individualized education program (IEP) to support the childs academic needs while also educating them on how to cope with this illness.

• #32 Treatment of Tourette Syndrome | Tourette Syndrome | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/treatment/index.html

  Parent training helps parents better understand their child’s behavioral issues and learn parenting skills specific to these problems. […] When people with TS receive more support, their tic symptoms might lessen. […] TS can affect a child’s experience at school. […] An Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is necessary for children who need special education services. […] A 504 plan lists your child’s disability and how the school can help.

• #33 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental movement characterized by abrupt, rapid, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics. […] Treatment is necessary when the children experience physical discomfort, functional dysfunction, and poor interpersonal interaction and mental health. […] This review summarizes the symptom management and nursing care measures for youths with TS. […] Providing the youths with strategies to reduce the tics’ interference with their learning outcomes and helping them develop strategies to cope with diverse interpersonal interactions at school are also important. […] Therefore, it is recommended strongly that healthcare providers consider the individual needs of youths with TS when they administer relevant treatment measures, as well as evaluate the patients’ need to receive continuous treatment regularly.

• #34 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  It is inferred that these feelings experienced by the youths are associated with the mimicry of seemingly abnormal tics or taunts from their peers, as well as poorer interactions with their peers. […] The acceptance and concern given by parents, teachers, and friends are motivating forces that help children and youths with TS accept and live with their illness, strengthen their personal advantage, and find success in life.

• #35

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #36

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #37 ‘Tics’ and Tricks: What Nurses Should Know About Tourette’s

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tics-tricks-what-nurses-should-know-tourettes-emily-rose-minter

  Programs involving these interventions, such as the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics Programme, have been shown to reduce tic severity and do not carry risk of side effects. […] The biggest issue with this treatment is a shortage of clinical professionals trained to administer the intervention. […] Modified CBIT may be a beneficial and safe alternative to standard treatment for children and families whose locations or lifestyles do not allow for longer, more time-consuming interventions. […] Habit reversal training and other techniques are less risky than pharmacological intervention, and they also introduce ways for the pediatric patient to control his or her own condition and continue to reduce the severity of his or her symptoms even after the program has ended. […] It falls on the nurses and the pediatric neurology community to promote both awareness and training in CBIT.

• #38 Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2020-mar-apr/comprehensive-behavioral-intervention-for-tics

  This review provides an introduction to the epidemiology, common comorbidities, suspected etiologies, and therapies of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome (TS). […] We focus on habit reversal therapy (HRT), and its extension, comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT), with emphasis on the evidence-based nature of these therapies as first-line treatment. […] Core CBIT components (psychoeducation, function-based environmental interventions, HRT, and relaxation training) and ideal candidates for CBIT are discussed. […] In light of the strong evidence for CBIT, European and Canadian guidelines in 2011 and 2012, respectively, stated that CBIT should be first-line treatment for individuals with tics. […] It is recommended that CBIT, when available, be offered as an initial treatment option relative to other behavioral therapies and medication.

• #39

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #40

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/

  Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds. […] Tics are not usually serious and normally improve over time. But they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities. […] Tics are not usually serious and they do not damage the brain. […] Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems. Self-help tips, such as avoiding stress or tiredness, are often very helpful for the majority of people. […] If a tic is more severe and is affecting everyday activities, therapies that aim to reduce how often tics occur may be recommended. […] The main therapies for tics are: Habit reversal therapy this aims to help you or your child learn intentional movements that „compete” with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time, Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) a set of behavioural techniques to help learn skills to reduce tics, Exposure with response prevention (ERP) this aims to help you or your child get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring. […] There are also medicines that can help reduce tics. These may be used alongside psychological therapies or after trying these therapies unsuccessfully.

• #41

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/

  Tics are fast, repetitive muscle movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body jolts or sounds. […] Tics are not usually serious and normally improve over time. But they can be frustrating and interfere with everyday activities. […] Tics are not usually serious and they do not damage the brain. […] Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems. Self-help tips, such as avoiding stress or tiredness, are often very helpful for the majority of people. […] If a tic is more severe and is affecting everyday activities, therapies that aim to reduce how often tics occur may be recommended. […] The main therapies for tics are: Habit reversal therapy this aims to help you or your child learn intentional movements that „compete” with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time, Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) a set of behavioural techniques to help learn skills to reduce tics, Exposure with response prevention (ERP) this aims to help you or your child get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring. […] There are also medicines that can help reduce tics. These may be used alongside psychological therapies or after trying these therapies unsuccessfully.

• #42 ‘Tics’ and Tricks: What Nurses Should Know About Tourette’s

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tics-tricks-what-nurses-should-know-tourettes-emily-rose-minter

  Programs involving these interventions, such as the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics Programme, have been shown to reduce tic severity and do not carry risk of side effects. […] The biggest issue with this treatment is a shortage of clinical professionals trained to administer the intervention. […] Modified CBIT may be a beneficial and safe alternative to standard treatment for children and families whose locations or lifestyles do not allow for longer, more time-consuming interventions. […] Habit reversal training and other techniques are less risky than pharmacological intervention, and they also introduce ways for the pediatric patient to control his or her own condition and continue to reduce the severity of his or her symptoms even after the program has ended. […] It falls on the nurses and the pediatric neurology community to promote both awareness and training in CBIT.

• #43

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #44 Managing Tics in Primary Care

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/managing-tics-primary-care/

  Behavioral treatment can reduce the frequency of tics and increase functioning, adaptation and coping skills. […] There is no cure for tics, and while pharmacologic agents can reduce tic frequency, there are potential significant side effects from medications, and they rarely eradicate tics completely. […] The pharmacologic treatments for tics include alpha agonists, anticonvulsants, dopamine depletors and antipsychotics. […] Refer a patient for a psychological evaluation to screen for co-morbid conditions and to provide cognitive behavioral therapy. […] Refer patient for specific behavioral therapies such as CBIT, HRT or ERP, if available. […] Consider daily preventive medications for patients with pain or impairment in social functioning as a result of the tics.

• #45

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #46 Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatments for Tics, Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Tics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182258-treatment

  Some general principles must be kept in mind. First, present treatments of Tourette syndrome (TS) are purely symptomatic. No curative or preventive treatments are known. Second, tics often are not the worst problem. Third, this is a chronic disorder, and usually the goal is long-term benefit rather than quick improvement at any cost. Fourth, symptoms frequently improve or worsen over any period of time, even in untreated TS. […] Treatment is not always needed […] Treatment should be directed first at the most troublesome symptom […] Apparent success or failure of any treatment may be coincidental […] Beginning with reasonable trials of single agents is usually better than rushing to high doses or polypharmacy. […] Discussed below are proven treatments for tics from replicated controlled studies, other treatments for tics, treatment for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with tics, treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with tics, and treatment for other symptoms in patients with tics.

• #47 Tics and Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Information for Primary Care and Psychiatrists : Ottawa-Carleton, ON : eMentalHealth.ca

  https://primarycare.ementalhealth.ca/index.php?m=fpArticle&ID=54525

  Psychological interventions including the following: Habit reversal therapy is a non-medication approach to helping people with tics. […] In more severe situations, medications may be helpful. […] Do the tics meet any of the following indications for medications? […] Medications for Treatment of Tics in Children/Youth include Alpha2-adrenergic agonist as first-line for tics, given less likelihood of side effects compared to other medications. […] If tics are causing distress at home and school, consider referring to Neurology, Psychiatrist comfortable in managing tics, or Specialty Tourette / Tic Clinic if available.

• #48 Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatments for Tics, Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Tics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182258-treatment

  SSRIs may also be useful. […] A double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined topiramate at a dosage of about 100 mg/day, and concluded that it may be safe and effective in decreasing Total Tic Score, but noted that a larger study with longer followup than their 10 weeks was needed. […] A double-blind clinical trial of thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome. […] Dietary supplements used as drugs (also called nutraceuticals) may affect tic severity. […] The public does not necessarily credit the physician with indisputable authority regarding guilt, forgiveness, or legal culpability. However, physicians speak from a position of strength when they focus on available treatments and likely prognosis. […] Patients should be evaluated at least once by someone with experience treating patients with TS, and they should be informed about how to contact a local support group or the national Tourette Syndrome Association office.

• #49 Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/tic-disorders-and-tourette-syndrome-program

  Because providing support to caregivers is a crucial component of the treatment process, patient and family educators in the Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program are available to partner with families to teach parents and caregivers the skills they need to help their children. Additionally, we can educate teachers, school nurses, counselors, and others on tic disorders as needed or requested. In many cases, we can provide letters to endorse additional educational assessments like 504s or Individualized Educational Plans (IEP). […] The Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program focuses on helping children thrive and improve their tics, providing resources to support them and their families. Program director Kinga Tomczak, MD, PhD, a child neurologist and tic disorder specialist, along with the programs team of nurse practitioners, regularly recommend a comprehensive treatment plan, which can include Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Your childs care team will provide different medication choices based on their specific needs and other health conditions. We discuss possible side effects and suggest medications that can help with not just tic symptoms, but also concerns such as ADHD, headaches, sleep problems, or anxiety.

• #50

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics. […] There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #51 Tourette syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350470

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Tourette syndrome-related health concerns […] There’s no cure for Tourette syndrome. Treatment is aimed at controlling tics that interfere with everyday activities and functioning. When tics aren’t severe, treatment might not be necessary. […] Medications to help control tics or reduce symptoms of related conditions include: […] Behavior therapy. Cognitive Behavioral Interventions for Tics, including habit-reversal training, can help you monitor tics, identify premonitory urges and learn to voluntarily move in a way that’s incompatible with the tic. […] In addition to helping you cope with Tourette syndrome, psychotherapy can help with accompanying problems, such as ADHD, obsessions, depression or anxiety. […] For severe tics that don’t respond to other treatment, DBS might help. DBS involves implanting a battery-operated medical device in the brain to deliver electrical stimulation to targeted areas that control movement. However, this treatment is still in the early research stages and needs more research to determine if it’s a safe and effective treatment for Tourette syndrome.

• #52 Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatments for Tics, Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Tics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182258-treatment

  Treatments for tics that have demonstrated efficacy in replicated controlled trials (RCTs) include the following: Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist therapy […] Dopamine agonist therapy […] Habit reversal therapy. […] Five RCTs have demonstrated the efficacy of a specific form of behavior therapy for tics. […] The originally tested treatment consisted of a package of interventions called habit reversal therapy, which comprises monitoring, relaxation, and other nonspecific elements of behavior therapy. […] Botulinum toxin injections may improve urges or sensory tics, as well as observable tics, and it may be the treatment of choice for patients with a single, especially problematic, dystonic tic. […] Clonidine has frequently been used to treat tics. A large RCT confirmed its efficacy for both ADHD symptoms and tics in patients with TS.

• #53 Tourette Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are frequently preceded by premonitory sensations described by patients as a need to stretch the muscle, increased tension or discomfort, or an urge to have to tic until it „feels just right.” […] The goal of treatment should not be to completely eliminate all the tics, but to achieve a tolerable suppression. […] Although a variety of behavioral and alternative therapies have been tried, most clinicians believe that the treatment of choice for reducing the frequency and severity of tics involves the use of medications that act by blocking dopamine receptors or by depleting dopamine. […] Other drugs occasionally found useful in the treatment of tics include clonidine (Catapres), guanfacine (Tenex), topiramate (Topamax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). […] Another approach to the treatment of tics is the use of botulinum toxin injections in the area of the most problematic tic. […] In severe cases of Tourette syndrome which do not respond to other therapies, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered. […] The most troublesome symptoms, such as tics, OCD, ADHD and impulse control problems, should be targeted first.

• #54 Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatments for Tics, Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Tics

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182258-treatment

  Some general principles must be kept in mind. First, present treatments of Tourette syndrome (TS) are purely symptomatic. No curative or preventive treatments are known. Second, tics often are not the worst problem. Third, this is a chronic disorder, and usually the goal is long-term benefit rather than quick improvement at any cost. Fourth, symptoms frequently improve or worsen over any period of time, even in untreated TS. […] Treatment is not always needed […] Treatment should be directed first at the most troublesome symptom […] Apparent success or failure of any treatment may be coincidental […] Beginning with reasonable trials of single agents is usually better than rushing to high doses or polypharmacy. […] Discussed below are proven treatments for tics from replicated controlled studies, other treatments for tics, treatment for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with tics, treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with tics, and treatment for other symptoms in patients with tics.

• #55 Tourette Syndrome | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/parkinsons-disease-and-movement-disorders/tourette-syndrome

  Tics are frequently preceded by premonitory sensations described by patients as a need to stretch the muscle, increased tension or discomfort, or an urge to have to tic until it „feels just right.” […] The goal of treatment should not be to completely eliminate all the tics, but to achieve a tolerable suppression. […] Although a variety of behavioral and alternative therapies have been tried, most clinicians believe that the treatment of choice for reducing the frequency and severity of tics involves the use of medications that act by blocking dopamine receptors or by depleting dopamine. […] Other drugs occasionally found useful in the treatment of tics include clonidine (Catapres), guanfacine (Tenex), topiramate (Topamax) and clonazepam (Klonopin). […] Another approach to the treatment of tics is the use of botulinum toxin injections in the area of the most problematic tic. […] In severe cases of Tourette syndrome which do not respond to other therapies, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered. […] The most troublesome symptoms, such as tics, OCD, ADHD and impulse control problems, should be targeted first.

• #56 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Tic disorders, commonly encountered in the field of nursing, are characterised by unintentional and repetitive movements, sounds, or behaviours. […] Understanding the intricacies of tic disorders like TTD and CMTD is crucial for nursing professionals to provide the best possible care. It enables them to not only address physical symptoms but also manoeuvre through the psychological implications that often accompany these disorders. […] In the comprehensive landscape of tic disorder management, nursing professionals stand as custodians of care. From supporting diagnostic procedures to implementing evidence-based interventions and fostering resilience among patients, the role of nursing remains pivotal. […] Nurses involved in tic disorders management are often tasked with: Supporting Diagnostic Procedures, Implementing Interventions, Educating Patients and Families, Coordinating Care.

• #57 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Tic disorders, commonly encountered in the field of nursing, are characterised by unintentional and repetitive movements, sounds, or behaviours. […] Understanding the intricacies of tic disorders like TTD and CMTD is crucial for nursing professionals to provide the best possible care. It enables them to not only address physical symptoms but also manoeuvre through the psychological implications that often accompany these disorders. […] In the comprehensive landscape of tic disorder management, nursing professionals stand as custodians of care. From supporting diagnostic procedures to implementing evidence-based interventions and fostering resilience among patients, the role of nursing remains pivotal. […] Nurses involved in tic disorders management are often tasked with: Supporting Diagnostic Procedures, Implementing Interventions, Educating Patients and Families, Coordinating Care.

• #58 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental movement characterized by abrupt, rapid, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics. […] Treatment is necessary when the children experience physical discomfort, functional dysfunction, and poor interpersonal interaction and mental health. […] This review summarizes the symptom management and nursing care measures for youths with TS. […] Providing the youths with strategies to reduce the tics’ interference with their learning outcomes and helping them develop strategies to cope with diverse interpersonal interactions at school are also important. […] Therefore, it is recommended strongly that healthcare providers consider the individual needs of youths with TS when they administer relevant treatment measures, as well as evaluate the patients’ need to receive continuous treatment regularly.

• #59

  https://journals.lww.com/jnnonline/abstract/1991/06000/nursing_implications_of_tourette_s_syndrome.4.aspx

  Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder of gradual childhood onset which usually persists for life. Manifestations include motor, vocal and sensory tics. […] Nurses can play a major role in assisting patients and their families, through education and fostering effective coping mechanisms, to adjust to Tourette’s syndrome. […] this article presents the etiology, manifestations, management and nursing implications of Tourette’s syndrome.

• #60 ‘Tics’ and Tricks: What Nurses Should Know About Tourette’s

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tics-tricks-what-nurses-should-know-tourettes-emily-rose-minter

  The care team should keep both the patients quality of life and the amount of strain on the patients family in mind as they work with the family to provide holistic Tourettes syndrome treatment. […] Therapies such as CBIT are evidence-based and may offer more effective long-term management of Tourettes syndrome. […] The goal is to find therapies that do the most good with the least harm.

• #61 Tic Disorders: Symptoms, Types & Management | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/tic-disorders/

  Tic disorders, commonly encountered in the field of nursing, are characterised by unintentional and repetitive movements, sounds, or behaviours. […] Understanding the intricacies of tic disorders like TTD and CMTD is crucial for nursing professionals to provide the best possible care. It enables them to not only address physical symptoms but also manoeuvre through the psychological implications that often accompany these disorders. […] In the comprehensive landscape of tic disorder management, nursing professionals stand as custodians of care. From supporting diagnostic procedures to implementing evidence-based interventions and fostering resilience among patients, the role of nursing remains pivotal. […] Nurses involved in tic disorders management are often tasked with: Supporting Diagnostic Procedures, Implementing Interventions, Educating Patients and Families, Coordinating Care.

• #62 Tics and Tourette Syndrome | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/multidisciplinary-clinics/tics-and-tourette-clinic/

  Our multidisciplinary approach to care allows your child to be evaluated by several pediatric specialists all in the same visit. These specialists share clinic space, working to provide comprehensive, thoughtful evaluation and treatment to help minimize stress, lessen the severity of tics and normalize them for children and families. […] Tourette syndrome and related tic disorders usually are not debilitating, and a child may only need to be monitored. For others, the symptoms of tics can affect a child’s self-esteem, school performance and more. Our team can develop a treatment plan unique to each child based on the child’s age, health history and current health, as well as the tic disorder they are experiencing. Treatment also is based on: […] The Norton Children’s Neuroscience Institute Tics and Tourette Clinic core team consists of board-certified, fellowship-trained physicians, advanced practice providers, therapists, nurses and other health care professionals in various specialties, including:

• #63 Tic Disorders | University of Iowa Health Care Stead Family Children’s Hospital

  https://uihc.org/childrens/services/tic-disorders

  Children with Tourette syndrome may also have difficulty with attention, impulsive behaviors, and/or perfectionistic/obsessive thinking. […] Tics can occur for other reasons as well. Other disorders that might produce tics include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, learning disorders, and some neurologic disorders. A thorough evaluation is recommended to identify the reason a tic might occur. […] University of Iowa Stead Family Childrens Hospital has a long established history of evaluation, education, and treatment of children with tics. […] Because tics can produce a wide variety of symptoms and consequences, children are best served by a team of experts working together. Our team of experts design individualized treatment plans for children with tic disorders. Treatment plan may include all or some combination of the following: Medication management, Educational consultation and testing, Psychological testing, Individual therapy, Referral for family counseling, Consultation with local providers.

• #64 Managing Tics in Primary Care

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/managing-tics-primary-care/

  Our Neurosciences Center recently developed a standard of care for tic disorders/Tourette syndrome to assist referring providers. […] Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Tourette syndrome) is an early childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary movements and vocalizations, referred to as tics. […] Tourette syndrome is commonly associated with comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and other behavioral problems. […] According to some reports, 80% to 90% of patients with Tourette syndrome have both tics and psychiatric manifestations. […] These comorbid disorders can cause significant functional impairment and poor self-esteem and can affect the quality of life of patients with Tourette syndrome.

• #65 Managing Tics in Primary Care

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/managing-tics-primary-care/

  Our Neurosciences Center recently developed a standard of care for tic disorders/Tourette syndrome to assist referring providers. […] Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Tourette syndrome) is an early childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary movements and vocalizations, referred to as tics. […] Tourette syndrome is commonly associated with comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and other behavioral problems. […] According to some reports, 80% to 90% of patients with Tourette syndrome have both tics and psychiatric manifestations. […] These comorbid disorders can cause significant functional impairment and poor self-esteem and can affect the quality of life of patients with Tourette syndrome.

• #66 Tic Disorders | University of Iowa Health Care Stead Family Children’s Hospital

  https://uihc.org/childrens/services/tic-disorders

  Children with Tourette syndrome may also have difficulty with attention, impulsive behaviors, and/or perfectionistic/obsessive thinking. […] Tics can occur for other reasons as well. Other disorders that might produce tics include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, learning disorders, and some neurologic disorders. A thorough evaluation is recommended to identify the reason a tic might occur. […] University of Iowa Stead Family Childrens Hospital has a long established history of evaluation, education, and treatment of children with tics. […] Because tics can produce a wide variety of symptoms and consequences, children are best served by a team of experts working together. Our team of experts design individualized treatment plans for children with tic disorders. Treatment plan may include all or some combination of the following: Medication management, Educational consultation and testing, Psychological testing, Individual therapy, Referral for family counseling, Consultation with local providers.

• #67 Tics and Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Information for Primary Care and Psychiatrists : Ottawa-Carleton, ON : eMentalHealth.ca

  https://primarycare.ementalhealth.ca/index.php?m=fpArticle&ID=54525

  Children/youth may present with brief motor episodes, but not all are tics. Tics are neurologic in basis, and have specific features (e.g. suggestible, suppressible, worsen with stress and have an associated premonitory urge). […] Management includes starting with education of the family about the nature of tics and informing the school. […] Should tics persist and cause impairment, medication treatments include clonidine and guanfacine. […] Look for and manage any comorbid conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as they often cause more significant issues than the tics themselves. […] Management of tics starts with non-medication interventions such as education about tics for the family, teachers and classmates to help others to understand the behaviours, so that the patient can be more accepted.

• #68 ADHD and Tics or Tourette Syndrome – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/about-adhd/tics-and-tourette-syndrome/

  Tourette Syndrome and ADHD frequently co-occur. More than half of children with TS also have ADHD. About one in five children with ADHD also have TS or persistent tic disorders. […] When a child has both ADHD symptoms and tics, its important that their health care provider carefully assess all symptoms and provide a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, so that both conditions can be included in multimodal treatment planning. […] Treatment options for ADHD include medication, behavior therapy and training for parents, organizational skills training, school intervention, and accommodations. […] Tics generally need treatment only if they are causing significant daily problems. Treatment options include behavioral interventions and medications. […] When a child has both ADHD and tics, the healthcare provider evaluates which symptoms are causing the most difficulties for the child. The condition that is causing the most distress or impairment is generally treated first. Treatment for the second condition often begins after the first condition starts to improve. Sometimes it is necessary to start treatment for both conditions at the same time.

• #69 Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Program | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/tic-disorders-and-tourette-syndrome-program

  We work with an excellent team of doctors and nurses from across Boston Childrens to provide care in many areas, including anxiety spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences), learning disabilities (Learning Disabilities Program), autism spectrum disorder (Autism Spectrum Center), developmental delays, behavioral problems, and rage attacks (Developmental Medicine Center), and sleep problems (Sleep Center). From our first meeting, we talk honestly about the risk of bullying of children with tics and try to prevent it. When it happens, we refer our patients to our BACPAC program (Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevention and Advocacy Center). […] We also collaborate with a team of psychologists and therapists in the community to provide therapy for tics, anxiety, and OCD, as well as neuropsychological testing. We hope to inspire more providers to specialize in treating tics.

• #70 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Parents expect healthcare providers to provide opportunities for them to learn caregiving techniques in response to TS’s effects on their children and themselves. […] Therefore, it is suggested that healthcare providers evaluate and understand the care-related needs and opinions of youths with TS and their parents first, and then provide patient education and instruction by using non-medical jargon to improve communication and ensure that the educational measures match the patients’ needs more closely. […] Teachers play a key role in helping tics-free peers accept youths with TS. […] Educating school teachers and staff about TS can help youths with TS manage their tics while learning, and also receive the mental and social support they need. […] The aforementioned measures are all salient management strategies that also enable teachers to maintain a positive attitude when they help youths with TS overcome their learning and interpersonal problems.

• #71 Tics in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.tics-in-children-care-instructions.ad1725

  Tics are repeated sounds, jerks, or muscle movements, such as in the arms, neck, or face. […] Tics may be mild, or they may be severe enough at times to get in the way of daily activities. Home treatment is usually all that is needed to help manage mild tics. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. […] Remember that your child cannot control the tics. Although tics can appear to be „on purpose” and may frustrate you, do not show frustration or punish your child for having tics. Give your child plenty of love and support. […] Talk to your child, your family, and your child’s teachers about what tics are and how they’re managed. […] Your child’s tics are frequent or severe enough to get in the way of school or daily activities.

• #72 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  It is inferred that these feelings experienced by the youths are associated with the mimicry of seemingly abnormal tics or taunts from their peers, as well as poorer interactions with their peers. […] The acceptance and concern given by parents, teachers, and friends are motivating forces that help children and youths with TS accept and live with their illness, strengthen their personal advantage, and find success in life.

• #73

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Tics-Tourette-Syndrome-and-OCD.aspx

  Tourette syndrome is a type of tic disorder. Tics can be short, fast, sudden or come in clusters. They can also vary in number, frequency, type, or severity. They can even disappear for weeks or months at a time. […] Tics typically get worse when your child is anxious, stressed, excited, tired or angry. It’s not common, but tics can also happen while your child is sleeping. Keep in mind that tics are usually temporary and mild. […] Some kids feel they can briefly control their tics. But the urge only grows until it finally explodes. The tic has to be released. When your child is focusing their attention on something else, their tics may improve. […] It’s best not to point out or comment on your child’s tics either. This might make them more self-conscious, which could also make the tics worse. Instead, work at making your child’s environment a place where their tics are seen as natural and normal.

• #74 Tics in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.tics-in-children-care-instructions.ad1725

  Tics are repeated sounds, jerks, or muscle movements, such as in the arms, neck, or face. […] Tics may be mild, or they may be severe enough at times to get in the way of daily activities. Home treatment is usually all that is needed to help manage mild tics. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. […] Remember that your child cannot control the tics. Although tics can appear to be „on purpose” and may frustrate you, do not show frustration or punish your child for having tics. Give your child plenty of love and support. […] Talk to your child, your family, and your child’s teachers about what tics are and how they’re managed. […] Your child’s tics are frequent or severe enough to get in the way of school or daily activities.

• #75 Tics and Tourette Syndrome | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/multidisciplinary-clinics/tics-and-tourette-clinic/

  Tics are sudden, repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds that can occur anywhere in the body. Tourette syndrome, often called Tourette’s, is a neurological disorder that can cause vocalizations, movements and other tics. Tourette syndrome is one of the most common tic disorders. […] Norton Children’s Neuroscience Institute Tics and Tourette Clinic offers specialty multidisciplinary care for children experiencing tics and Tourette syndrome. […] The Norton Children’s Neuroscience Institute Tics and Tourette Clinic is made up of board-certified, fellowship-trained physicians from across the Norton Children’s network of specialists who are trained in treating tics, tic disorders and Tourette syndrome. Our team aims to create a holistic, personalized treatment plan to meet your child’s unique needs once they are referred to the clinic.

• #76 Tourette and Tic Disorders Program | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/tourette-and-tic-disorders-program

  We recognize the significant impact these conditions can have on learning, socializing and overall development. We approach each child with empathy, respect and individualized attention, ensuring each child receives the care they deserve. Through comprehensive evaluation and personalized care plans, we manage not only the involuntary movements associated with Tourette syndrome, but also any associated neuropsychiatric conditions. […] Our mission is to empower your child to thrive by offering them the support and care they need during their critical growing years. We are committed to helping them navigate the challenges of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders, fostering an environment where they can achieve their full potential. […] We also have health care professionals who specialize in Comprehensive Behavior Intervention for Tics (CBIT). We provide referrals to Mental and Behavioral Health providers at Phoenix Childrens and in the community, as appropriate, for evaluation and management of associated conditions that often impact the frequency and intensity of tics such as ADHD, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and other conditions.

• #77 Living with tics: Nursing care of pediatric tourette syndrome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9250087/

  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental movement characterized by abrupt, rapid, repetitive, and non-rhythmic tics. […] Treatment is necessary when the children experience physical discomfort, functional dysfunction, and poor interpersonal interaction and mental health. […] This review summarizes the symptom management and nursing care measures for youths with TS. […] Providing the youths with strategies to reduce the tics’ interference with their learning outcomes and helping them develop strategies to cope with diverse interpersonal interactions at school are also important. […] Therefore, it is recommended strongly that healthcare providers consider the individual needs of youths with TS when they administer relevant treatment measures, as well as evaluate the patients’ need to receive continuous treatment regularly.

• #78 23.6 Tic Disorder and Tourette Syndrome – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/23-6-tic-disorder-and-tourette-syndrome

  Nurses support clients and their families through diagnosis, treatment, and management of tic disorders. […] Nurses can also teach parents ways to educate their children on tic management for long-term care. […] The school nurse can be a source of support to the student by giving them a safe space to display their tics, educating staff about Tourette syndrome, and being aware of the medications that the student is taking. […] The Tourette Association of America offers resources to train teens to advocate for those with Tourette and tic disorders, while educating the public about these conditions. […] Schools can work with faculty and parents to set up an individualized education program (IEP) to support the childs academic needs while also educating them on how to cope with this illness.

• #79 ‘Tics’ and Tricks: What Nurses Should Know About Tourette’s

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tics-tricks-what-nurses-should-know-tourettes-emily-rose-minter

  Programs involving these interventions, such as the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics Programme, have been shown to reduce tic severity and do not carry risk of side effects. […] The biggest issue with this treatment is a shortage of clinical professionals trained to administer the intervention. […] Modified CBIT may be a beneficial and safe alternative to standard treatment for children and families whose locations or lifestyles do not allow for longer, more time-consuming interventions. […] Habit reversal training and other techniques are less risky than pharmacological intervention, and they also introduce ways for the pediatric patient to control his or her own condition and continue to reduce the severity of his or her symptoms even after the program has ended. […] It falls on the nurses and the pediatric neurology community to promote both awareness and training in CBIT.

• #80 ‘Tics’ and Tricks: What Nurses Should Know About Tourette’s

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tics-tricks-what-nurses-should-know-tourettes-emily-rose-minter

  The care team should keep both the patients quality of life and the amount of strain on the patients family in mind as they work with the family to provide holistic Tourettes syndrome treatment. […] Therapies such as CBIT are evidence-based and may offer more effective long-term management of Tourettes syndrome. […] The goal is to find therapies that do the most good with the least harm.

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