Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  Tics do not always need to be treated if they’re mild, but treatments are available if they’re severe or are interfering with everyday life. […] Many tics will eventually go away or improve significantly after a few years. But, if untreated, more severe tics can cause issues such as difficulties at school or social problems. […] Behavioural therapy is often recommended as one of the first treatments for tics. […] One of the main types of therapy for tics is habit reversal therapy. […] Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) may also be used. […] A technique called exposure and response prevention (ERP) is also sometimes used. […] There are several medicines that can help control tics. […] Neuroleptics, also called antipsychotics, are the main medicines for tics.

• #1 Tics and Tic Disorders in Children

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/structured-content/Condition_Tics_and_Tic_Disorders_-_Pediatric_Neuro.xml?co=/regions/mas

  Although tics can’t be prevented, you can help reduce your child’s tics with these steps. […] Reduce stress. Understand what stresses your child and learn to avoid triggers. For example: […] Make sure your child gets enough sleep. Tics may be worse when a child is tired, irritable, and anxious. […] Make sure your child knows they can talk about feelings and problems with you or another trusted adult.

• #1 Tourette Syndrome: A-to-Z Guide from Diagnosis to Treatment to Prevention | DrGreene

  https://www.drgreene.com/articles/tourette-syndrome

  Usually, Tourette syndrome is difficult to prevent. […] Measures to prevent Lyme disease or strep may be helpful to reduce the risk of Tourette syndrome.

• #1 Tic Disorders | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/behavioral-health/behavioral-health-topics/tic-disorders

  Tics can change over time, or go away and come back. […] There is no known cause for tic disorders, but there are things you can do to prevent them from worsening, such as encouraging your child to eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep and physical activity. These can help reduce your child’s stress and anxiety, two things that can worsen a tic disorder. Additionally, be aware of your child’s mental health: are they feeling embarrassed or self-conscious? Are they experiencing bullying at school? Staying in tune with your child’s mental health will help create an open conversation that can help reduce your child’s stress and anxiety about their tic.

• #1 Tourette Syndrome: What Is It, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5554-tourette-syndrome

  Tourette syndrome isnt preventable. But, early detection and treatment may prevent TS from worsening or lasting into adulthood. […] Medication and behavioral therapy are the most common treatments for Tourette syndrome.

• #1 Behaviour therapies in TS

  https://www.tourettes-action.org.uk/71-behavioural-therapies.html

  Behavioural interventions provide tools for helping a person learn ways to change certain behaviours. Cognitive therapies can help a person to change the way they think about tics in addition to taking certain action. Often the two forms of intervention are combined to help a person make changes to what they do and think to improve their lives. […] Behavioural therapies can be useful for most people with tic disorders, although evidence suggests that it is effective for children as young as five years of age and adults. Treatment is hard work so it is key that the individual with tics is highly motivated to work on their tics. […] The best scientifically validated behavioural treatment is called Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT), which has been researched since the 1970s. More recently, HRT has been shown to be effective as part of a package alongside other elements of therapy, known as Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics (CBiT; Treatment that works; Woods et al, 2008).

• #1 CBIT, HRT, habit reversal therapy, behavior therapy

  https://tourette.org/research-medical/cbit-overview/

  CBIT is a non-medicated treatment consisting of three important components:(a) Training the patient to be more aware of his or her tics and the urge to tic.(b) Training patients to do competing behavior when they feel the urge to tic.(c) Making changes to day to day activities in ways that can be helpful in reducing tics. […] CBIT attempts to help children and adults familiarize themselves and identify environmental factors that make their tics worse. CBIT also teaches skills on how to create environments that are more stable, predictable and easily manageable. […] Large, multi-site, National Institutes of Health-funded studies show that more than half of the people who undergo CBIT will have significant reductions in tic severity and improved ability to function. Complete elimination of all tics and other TS symptoms does happen occasionally in CBIT. CBIT is not a cure for TS but a tool that helps individuals better manage their tics and improves their quality of life. […] A recent study showed that 87% of participants who thrived with CBIT continued to do well six months after treatment. Remember CBIT is not a cure; it is a management strategy. Patients learn a set of management skills that can be applied for the rest of their lives as needed.

• #1 Working Mechanisms of Exposure and Response Prevention in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders Revisited: No Evidence for within-Session Habituation to Premonitory Urges

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/22/7087

  Within-session premonitory urge intensity follows a piecewise model in course, suggesting that a within-session decrease in urge intensity is not a prerequisite for treatment success. The current study has provided us new information on the link between the within-session intensity of premonitory urges and ERP for tics, which can be directly used to fine-tune the rationale we give to patients in clinical practice. Within-session habituation to premonitory urges was not supported as an underlying working mechanism of the effect of ERP on tic reduction in TS. Rather, other mechanisms including instrumental learning, inhibitory learning and cognitive reappraisal may be at play and deserve further study. […] Behavior therapy for tics, especially habit reversal training (HRT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP), specifically aims to interrupt the negative reinforcement cycle via voluntary tic suppression, in combination with exposure to premonitory urges. HRT mainly consists of increasing awareness of a single tic and then practicing competing responses upon the presence of premonitory urges to inhibit the tic.

• #1 Working Mechanisms of Exposure and Response Prevention in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders Revisited: No Evidence for within-Session Habituation to Premonitory Urges

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/22/7087

  Although much less investigated, ERP is regarded as an effective treatment for tics in both children and adults as well. […] The development of ERP has been inspired by the gold-standard treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), where patients suppress their compulsions (e.g., ritualized hand washing), while being exposed to feared stimuli (dirty hands). […] Research has been conducted on the duration and spacing of sessions; behavior therapy also works in fewer sessions, in intensified programs, and in sessions of a shorter duration (1 h ERP instead of 2 h). […] A significant tic reduction (p < 0.001) with an effect size of 0.96 was found; the mean YGTSS total tic scores decreased from 18.8 (SD 7.0) at baseline, to 12.2 (SD 6.8) after treatment with shorter exposure sessions.

• #1 Behaviour therapies in TS

  https://www.tourettes-action.org.uk/71-behavioural-therapies.html

  Another behavioural intervention which has emerging evidence is called Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Both therapies focus on getting used to the tense or uncomfortable feeling which precedes a tic (called premonitory urge) and tolerating the urge by resisting it or using an action until the urge to tic fades and the individual resists the tic. […] Both treatments require practice of the strategy outside of the clinical appointment in order to ensure that the techniques become more natural and less effortful for the individual. Studies show that most individuals who have a successful response to behavioural treatment typically experience a 30-40% reduction in tics. […] CBiT is usually offered in 8-12 weekly or fortnightly sessions (although fewer might be suitable for milder tics) but this can depend on the person with tics and the therapist. […] Behavioural therapy is practiced by psychologists, occupational therapists, specially trained nurses and other professionals who have undergone specific training in behavioural therapy for tics.

• #1 Tics and Tourette’s

  https://www.premierhealth.com/clinical-neuroscience-institute/services/movement-disorders-center/detection-and-prevention/tics-and-tourette-s

  Tourettes Syndrome is a neurological disorder marked by repetitive, involuntary movements and uncontrolled vocalizations called tics. […] There is no cure for the condition, but treatment is available. […] Behavioral treatments can be effective in bringing tic symptoms under some control. Therapies such as biofeedback or supportive therapy can also be effective in treating the symptoms. […] Where the tic symptoms impact normal functioning, certain medications may be prescribed. No medication eliminates the symptoms, but some are effective in reducing the intensity or frequency of tics.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/treatment/

  There are also a range of other medicines that may be used to reduce tics and treat associated conditions. […] A type of surgery called deep brain stimulation has been used in a few cases of severe Tourette’s syndrome. […] There are still uncertainties about how effective and safe it is, so it is only considered in a small number of adults who have severe tics that have not responded to other treatments.

• #1 Tictock Therapy | Behavioural Intervention | Tics | CBiT | HRT | ERP

  https://www.tictocktherapy.co.uk/behavioural-interventions-for-tics

  Solution-focused hypnotherapy can help people in many ways. It can help them overcome anxiety and depression, improve their self-confidence and self-esteem, overcome phobias and addictions and work through Trauma. It can also help people achieve their goals, all of which can indirectly support tic reduction.

• #1 Tourette Syndrome and Tics – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/tics-and-tourette-syndrome/

  There is nothing you can do to prevent or avoid having tics or Tourette syndrome. […] It is important to diagnose Tourette syndrome as early as possible. This will help make sure your child gets the right treatment and support so they can lead productive and healthy lives.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/

  Tics are not usually serious and they do not damage the brain. […] Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems. Self-help tips, such as avoiding stress or tiredness, are often very helpful for the majority of people. […] If a tic is more severe and is affecting everyday activities, therapies that aim to reduce how often tics occur may be recommended. […] The main therapies for tics are: Habit reversal therapy this aims to help you or your child learn intentional movements that „compete” with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time, Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) a set of behavioural techniques to help learn skills to reduce tics, Exposure with response prevention (ERP) this aims to help you or your child get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring. […] There are also medicines that can help reduce tics. These may be used alongside psychological therapies or after trying these therapies unsuccessfully.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tics/

  Tics are not usually serious and they do not damage the brain. […] Treatment is not always needed if a tic is mild and is not causing any other problems. Self-help tips, such as avoiding stress or tiredness, are often very helpful for the majority of people. […] If a tic is more severe and is affecting everyday activities, therapies that aim to reduce how often tics occur may be recommended. […] The main therapies for tics are: Habit reversal therapy this aims to help you or your child learn intentional movements that „compete” with tics, so the tic cannot happen at the same time, Comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics (CBiT) a set of behavioural techniques to help learn skills to reduce tics, Exposure with response prevention (ERP) this aims to help you or your child get used to the unpleasant sensations that are often felt just before a tic, which can stop the tic occurring. […] There are also medicines that can help reduce tics. These may be used alongside psychological therapies or after trying these therapies unsuccessfully.

• #2 Tics Treatment in Mumbai, India | Symptoms & Cause

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/our-specialities/centre-for-neurosciences/conditions-treatments/tics

  Prevention of tics involves implementing proactive strategies to reduce the frequency and severity of involuntary movements and sounds. […] Prevention from tic is almost impossible as the cause is still unknown. […] By avoiding stress, the severity of tics can be reduced as stress worsens the symptoms. […] Tics can be caused if a person is suffering from Lyme disease (a bacterial infection), so prevention from infections can prevent tics. […] Tics cannot be prevented, but can be managed easily by, relaxation exercises like yoga, good sleep, focusing on other things than tics, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, accepting that the individual is suffering from tics.

• #2 Tourette Syndrome and Tics – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/tics-and-tourette-syndrome/

  There is nothing you can do to prevent or avoid having tics or Tourette syndrome. […] It is important to diagnose Tourette syndrome as early as possible. This will help make sure your child gets the right treatment and support so they can lead productive and healthy lives.

• #2 Behaviour therapies in TS

  https://www.tourettes-action.org.uk/71-behavioural-therapies.html

  Behavioural interventions provide tools for helping a person learn ways to change certain behaviours. Cognitive therapies can help a person to change the way they think about tics in addition to taking certain action. Often the two forms of intervention are combined to help a person make changes to what they do and think to improve their lives. […] Behavioural therapies can be useful for most people with tic disorders, although evidence suggests that it is effective for children as young as five years of age and adults. Treatment is hard work so it is key that the individual with tics is highly motivated to work on their tics. […] The best scientifically validated behavioural treatment is called Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT), which has been researched since the 1970s. More recently, HRT has been shown to be effective as part of a package alongside other elements of therapy, known as Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics (CBiT; Treatment that works; Woods et al, 2008).

• #2 Tictock Therapy | Behavioural Intervention | Tics | CBiT | HRT | ERP

  https://www.tictocktherapy.co.uk/behavioural-interventions-for-tics

  Firstly, what is CBiT? CBiT stands for Comprehensive Behaviour Intervention for Tics. CBiT is a treatment for tics only and not for the co-occurring conditions that may be associated with Tourettes. CBiT is behavioural therapy, it is used to support people with Tourettes to manage their tics. Behaviour therapy is not a cure for Tourettes but aids in the reduction of tic severity and frequency. CBiT is made up of 6 therapeutic components and is a clinically proven therapy in tic reduction. […] Habit Reversal Therapy is the most researched validated behavioural therapy for Tourette’s to date, the research stems back to the 1970s. HRT treats tics individually unlike other behavioural therapies used to treat tics. […] Exposure Response Prevention is also known as tic suppression. The main aim of ERP is for you to learn to tolerate the urge that comes before a tic, by learning to tolerate the urge you are learning to suppress the tic.

• #2 CBIT, HRT, habit reversal therapy, behavior therapy

  https://tourette.org/research-medical/cbit-overview/

  CBIT is a non-medicated treatment consisting of three important components:(a) Training the patient to be more aware of his or her tics and the urge to tic.(b) Training patients to do competing behavior when they feel the urge to tic.(c) Making changes to day to day activities in ways that can be helpful in reducing tics. […] CBIT attempts to help children and adults familiarize themselves and identify environmental factors that make their tics worse. CBIT also teaches skills on how to create environments that are more stable, predictable and easily manageable. […] Large, multi-site, National Institutes of Health-funded studies show that more than half of the people who undergo CBIT will have significant reductions in tic severity and improved ability to function. Complete elimination of all tics and other TS symptoms does happen occasionally in CBIT. CBIT is not a cure for TS but a tool that helps individuals better manage their tics and improves their quality of life. […] A recent study showed that 87% of participants who thrived with CBIT continued to do well six months after treatment. Remember CBIT is not a cure; it is a management strategy. Patients learn a set of management skills that can be applied for the rest of their lives as needed.

• #2 Behaviour therapies in TS

  https://www.tourettes-action.org.uk/71-behavioural-therapies.html

  Another behavioural intervention which has emerging evidence is called Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Both therapies focus on getting used to the tense or uncomfortable feeling which precedes a tic (called premonitory urge) and tolerating the urge by resisting it or using an action until the urge to tic fades and the individual resists the tic. […] Both treatments require practice of the strategy outside of the clinical appointment in order to ensure that the techniques become more natural and less effortful for the individual. Studies show that most individuals who have a successful response to behavioural treatment typically experience a 30-40% reduction in tics. […] CBiT is usually offered in 8-12 weekly or fortnightly sessions (although fewer might be suitable for milder tics) but this can depend on the person with tics and the therapist. […] Behavioural therapy is practiced by psychologists, occupational therapists, specially trained nurses and other professionals who have undergone specific training in behavioural therapy for tics.

• #2 Working Mechanisms of Exposure and Response Prevention in the Treatment of Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders Revisited: No Evidence for within-Session Habituation to Premonitory Urges

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/22/7087

  Although much less investigated, ERP is regarded as an effective treatment for tics in both children and adults as well. […] The development of ERP has been inspired by the gold-standard treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), where patients suppress their compulsions (e.g., ritualized hand washing), while being exposed to feared stimuli (dirty hands). […] Research has been conducted on the duration and spacing of sessions; behavior therapy also works in fewer sessions, in intensified programs, and in sessions of a shorter duration (1 h ERP instead of 2 h). […] A significant tic reduction (p < 0.001) with an effect size of 0.96 was found; the mean YGTSS total tic scores decreased from 18.8 (SD 7.0) at baseline, to 12.2 (SD 6.8) after treatment with shorter exposure sessions.

• #2 Tourette Syndrome: What Is It, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5554-tourette-syndrome

  Tourette syndrome isnt preventable. But, early detection and treatment may prevent TS from worsening or lasting into adulthood. […] Medication and behavioral therapy are the most common treatments for Tourette syndrome.

• #2 Tic Disorders | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/behavioral-health/behavioral-health-topics/tic-disorders

  Tics can change over time, or go away and come back. […] There is no known cause for tic disorders, but there are things you can do to prevent them from worsening, such as encouraging your child to eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep and physical activity. These can help reduce your child’s stress and anxiety, two things that can worsen a tic disorder. Additionally, be aware of your child’s mental health: are they feeling embarrassed or self-conscious? Are they experiencing bullying at school? Staying in tune with your child’s mental health will help create an open conversation that can help reduce your child’s stress and anxiety about their tic.

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