Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6685213/

  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) continues to have a poor prognosis in sub-Saharan Africa. […] Treatment for early AIDS-related KS in previously untreated patients should start with the control of HIV with antiretrovirals, which frequently results in KS regression. […] In advanced-stage KS, chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is the most common treatment, although it is seldom curative. […] Despite a decrease in the incidence of AIDS-related KS globally since the introduction of cART, KS continues to occur in patients infected with HIV. […] The stage at which KS was diagnosed was predictive of survival; patients with AIDS-related KS in the USA diagnosed with T0 tumours had a 1-year greater median survival than patients diagnosed with T1 tumours. […] Among Swiss patients with AIDS-related KS, those with T1 disease at diagnosis had a 5.2 fold greater rate of death or need of chemotherapy than patients with T0 disease at diagnosis. […] One study from South Africa found that individuals with T1 disease had a 2.4-fold higher mortality than individuals with T0 disease.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma: Your Chances of Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/kaposi-sarcoma-your-chances-recovery-prognosis

  Prognosis is the word your healthcare team may use to describe your likely outcome from cancer and cancer treatment. […] A doctor who is most familiar with your health is in the best position to discuss your prognosis with you and explain what the statistics may mean in your case. […] Cancer and cancer treatment outcomes are hard to predict. […] A favorable prognosis (which means you’re likely going to do well) can change if the cancer spreads to key organs or doesn’t respond to treatment. […] If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your doctor will say you have a favorable prognosis. If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. […] The overall 5-year survival rate for people with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is about 74%. […] The survival rate for KS has improved a great deal in the last couple of decades as doctors have learned how to treat AIDS more effectively. […] This number above is a relative survival rate, which means it is adjusted to account for the fact that some people with Kaposi sarcoma may die from other causes.

• #1 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  These numbers dont take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but your age and overall health, the type of Kaposi sarcoma you have, your CD4 cell count, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and other factors can also affect your outlook. […] People now being diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier. […] 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma: Localized 81%, Regional 65%, Distant 47%, All SEER stages combined 75%.

• #1 Classical Kaposi sarcoma: an ınsight into demographic characteristics and survival outcomes | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-025-14085-0

  The median overall survival was not reached (NR) in localised disease (95% CI: 70.5-NR). […] In locally advanced disease, it was 31.1 months (95% CI: 13.8-63.0). […] In metastatic disease, it was 16.3 (95% CI: 12.6-20.0) months (p=0.005). […] The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and the development of tailored treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. […] The median OS in the entire cohort was 70.7 months (95% CI: 27.9-NR). […] The log-rank test showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival according to disease stage (p=0.001) and clinical form (p=0.05), indicating their prognostic relevance in patients with CKS. […] A substantial effect was observed in the patient cohort following exclusions of patients with secondary malignancies (HR 95% CI: 3.70 (1.01-13.52); p=0.04).

• #1 Predicting survival in patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma | Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/ncponc0542

  Researchers in the UK have developed a prognostic index to predict survival in individuals with AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Survival varies considerably between patients with this condition, and accurate prognosis is necessary to deliver appropriate treatment. […] The prognostic index uses a scale of 0-15, with 10 as the base point to avoid negative integers.

• #1 Real-world use of chemotherapy for Kaposi’s sarcoma in a large community-based HIV primary care system in Kenya | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-019-6506-3

  Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa. […] In resource-rich settings, survival has also benefited from chemotherapy, which is widely available. […] At time of diagnosis, 58% had at least one chemotherapy indication, and 22% had more than one indication. […] For patients with a chemotherapy indication, cumulative incidence of chemotherapy initiation (with death as a competing event) was 37% by 1 month and 56% by 1 year. […] A substantial fraction of patients with KS in East Africa are diagnosed at advanced disease stage. […] For patients with chemotherapy indications, nearly half did not receive chemotherapy by one year. […] One year survival after diagnosis of HIV-related KS in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to be between 60 and 76%.

• #1 Endemic Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/3/872

  Endemic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) remains a major public health concern in Eastern and Central Africa, and diagnostic and therapeutic management represents a great challenge in a setting of financial limitations in resource-poor environment. […] As endemic KS may follow an aggressive course, it often requires the use of systemic therapy. […] The endemic KS subtype can follow an aggressive clinical course with ulcerative skin lesions with soft tissue invasion or even bone or visceral involvement. […] As KS is a chronic disease, the therapeutic goal is to obtain sustainable remission in cutaneous and visceral lesions and a good quality of life. […] This baseline work-up, customized according to available diagnostic tools, allows clinicians to address patients following three prognostic stages: localized nonaggressive, locally aggressive, and disseminated KS.

• #1 Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Epidemic Kaposi Sarcoma in Ugandan Children

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2839022/

  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common pediatric cancers in sub-Saharan Africa. […] The outcome of epidemic KS in children has not been well characterized. […] Of those KS cases with a documented outcome, a large proportion responded to treatment with chemotherapy and/or ART. […] Lymphadenopathic KS appeared to be a discrete clinical presentation, which tended to occur in younger children and at higher CD4 T-cell counts. […] Twenty children (62.5%) of the 32 patients with outcome data available had a complete resolution of KS. […] No association was apparent between outcome and age, sex or type of KS presentation. […] The number of favorable outcomes recorded for children in this series is encouraging. However, prospective studies in children, including controlled trials of antiretroviral and cancer chemotherapy drugs are needed.

• #1 Endemic Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/3/872

  The modified “Lilongwe Pediatric KS Staging Classification” includes four specific groups that are significantly correlated with prognostic outcomes. […] KS presenting with visceral involvement and/or disseminated lesions categorized into stage 4 demonstrates lower yet overall positive outcome despite significant resource limitations with a two-year overall survival estimate of more than 50%. […] While endemic KS patients usually respond favorably to systemic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, some patients may be refractory to these treatments. […] KS remains a major public health concern in endemic regions as financial limitations represent a great challenge for conducting large therapeutic studies aiming to improve specific therapeutic management. […] To date, there are no curative therapeutic options, as HHV-8 is not eradicable.

• #1 Classical Kaposi sarcoma: an ınsight into demographic characteristics and survival outcomes | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-025-14085-0

  The higher incidence of CKS in men than in women is not fully understood. […] The clinical course of AIDS-associated KS is variable, ranging from minimal disease presenting as an incidental finding to a rapidly progressive neoplasm that can result in significant morbidity and mortality, depending on the specific sites of involvement. […] In CKS; Given the absence of treatments capable of eradicating latent human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection, treatment aims to provide symptom palliation, alleviate lymphoedema, improve function, reduce the size of cutaneous or visceral lesions and delay disease progression. […] In light of the studies referenced in the prevailing guidelines, the utilization of liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is advocated as the primary systemic treatment for CKS.

• #1 Real-world use of chemotherapy for Kaposi’s sarcoma in a large community-based HIV primary care system in Kenya | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-019-6506-3

  In contrast, in resource rich settings such as the U.S. and Europe, one year survival is 80-95%. […] Patients with three or more chemotherapy indications at time of diagnosis had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.46-3.60) increased risk of rapid chemotherapy initiation (within 30 days of diagnosis) compared to those with only one chemotherapy indication (p 0.001). […] Among patients in a primary care HIV cohort in Kenya, just over half of patients with KS who had an indication for chemotherapy received it by the end of 1 year. […] However, a substantial group of patients (44%), who seemingly had an indication for chemotherapy based on the severity of their KS disease, did not receive it within 1 year. […] The most common first line chemotherapy regimen in this setting was bleomycin plus vincristine. […] International advocacy for more efficacious, affordable, and accessible chemotherapy in sub-Saharan Africa is critical, and improved outcomes could encourage other patients to seek out and initiate chemotherapy.

• #1 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time (usually 5 years) after they were diagnosed. […] Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they cant predict what will happen in any particular persons case. […] A relative survival rate compares people with the same type and stage of Kaposi sarcoma to people in the overall population. […] The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment.

• #1 Antibody profiling and predictive modeling discriminate between Kaposi sarcoma and asymptomatic KSHV infection | PLOS Pathogens

  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012023

  Total anti-KSHV Ab titer has been shown by this study and others to be higher in KS compared to ASY; here, we demonstrated that magnitude, but not breadth, contributed to the titer increase in KS versus ASY. […] The 25 discriminant KSHV peptide responses targeted multiple KSHV proteins and encompassed responses unique to both ASY and KS. […] Therefore, the 25 discriminative KSHV peptides defined herein demonstrate a potential for predictive screening to detect early/occult KS pathogenesis in ASY individuals.

• #1 Antibody profiling and predictive modeling discriminate between Kaposi sarcoma and asymptomatic KSHV infection | PLOS Pathogens

  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012023

  Protein-level immunodominance patterns against Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), have been revealed from serological probing of whole protein arrays, however, the epitopes that underlie these patterns have not been defined. […] Our study provides the highest resolution mapping of antigenicity across the entire KSHV proteome to date, which is vital to discern mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, to define prognostic biomarkers, and to design effective vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Future studies will investigate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the 25 discriminative peptides. […] The antibody repertoire and epitopes defined here are valuable to furthering the discovery of prognostic biomarkers as well as designing effective preventatives and therapeutics.

• #2 Real-world use of chemotherapy for Kaposi’s sarcoma in a large community-based HIV primary care system in Kenya | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-019-6506-3

  Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa. […] In resource-rich settings, survival has also benefited from chemotherapy, which is widely available. […] At time of diagnosis, 58% had at least one chemotherapy indication, and 22% had more than one indication. […] For patients with a chemotherapy indication, cumulative incidence of chemotherapy initiation (with death as a competing event) was 37% by 1 month and 56% by 1 year. […] A substantial fraction of patients with KS in East Africa are diagnosed at advanced disease stage. […] For patients with chemotherapy indications, nearly half did not receive chemotherapy by one year. […] One year survival after diagnosis of HIV-related KS in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to be between 60 and 76%.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21830-kaposi-sarcoma

  Your outlook depends on many factors. But like most cancers, early detection and treatment give you the best chance for long-term survival. […] The overall five-year survival rate for Kaposi sarcoma is 75%. That means that 75% of people who have KS are still alive five years after their diagnosis. […] Keep in mind that cancer survival rates are only estimates. They cant predict how long youll live or how well youll respond to treatment. To learn more about survival rates and what they mean for you, talk to your healthcare provider.

• #2 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  These numbers dont take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but your age and overall health, the type of Kaposi sarcoma you have, your CD4 cell count, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and other factors can also affect your outlook. […] People now being diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier. […] 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma: Localized 81%, Regional 65%, Distant 47%, All SEER stages combined 75%.

• #2 Classical Kaposi sarcoma: an ınsight into demographic characteristics and survival outcomes | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-025-14085-0

  The median overall survival was not reached (NR) in localised disease (95% CI: 70.5-NR). […] In locally advanced disease, it was 31.1 months (95% CI: 13.8-63.0). […] In metastatic disease, it was 16.3 (95% CI: 12.6-20.0) months (p=0.005). […] The findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and the development of tailored treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. […] The median OS in the entire cohort was 70.7 months (95% CI: 27.9-NR). […] The log-rank test showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival according to disease stage (p=0.001) and clinical form (p=0.05), indicating their prognostic relevance in patients with CKS. […] A substantial effect was observed in the patient cohort following exclusions of patients with secondary malignancies (HR 95% CI: 3.70 (1.01-13.52); p=0.04).

• #2 Real-world use of chemotherapy for Kaposi’s sarcoma in a large community-based HIV primary care system in Kenya | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-019-6506-3

  In contrast, in resource rich settings such as the U.S. and Europe, one year survival is 80-95%. […] Patients with three or more chemotherapy indications at time of diagnosis had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.46-3.60) increased risk of rapid chemotherapy initiation (within 30 days of diagnosis) compared to those with only one chemotherapy indication (p 0.001). […] Among patients in a primary care HIV cohort in Kenya, just over half of patients with KS who had an indication for chemotherapy received it by the end of 1 year. […] However, a substantial group of patients (44%), who seemingly had an indication for chemotherapy based on the severity of their KS disease, did not receive it within 1 year. […] The most common first line chemotherapy regimen in this setting was bleomycin plus vincristine. […] International advocacy for more efficacious, affordable, and accessible chemotherapy in sub-Saharan Africa is critical, and improved outcomes could encourage other patients to seek out and initiate chemotherapy.

• #2 Classical Kaposi sarcoma: an ınsight into demographic characteristics and survival outcomes | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-025-14085-0

  The higher incidence of CKS in men than in women is not fully understood. […] The clinical course of AIDS-associated KS is variable, ranging from minimal disease presenting as an incidental finding to a rapidly progressive neoplasm that can result in significant morbidity and mortality, depending on the specific sites of involvement. […] In CKS; Given the absence of treatments capable of eradicating latent human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection, treatment aims to provide symptom palliation, alleviate lymphoedema, improve function, reduce the size of cutaneous or visceral lesions and delay disease progression. […] In light of the studies referenced in the prevailing guidelines, the utilization of liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is advocated as the primary systemic treatment for CKS.

• #2 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time (usually 5 years) after they were diagnosed. […] Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they cant predict what will happen in any particular persons case. […] A relative survival rate compares people with the same type and stage of Kaposi sarcoma to people in the overall population. […] The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment.

• #2 Antibody profiling and predictive modeling discriminate between Kaposi sarcoma and asymptomatic KSHV infection | PLOS Pathogens

  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012023

  Total anti-KSHV Ab titer has been shown by this study and others to be higher in KS compared to ASY; here, we demonstrated that magnitude, but not breadth, contributed to the titer increase in KS versus ASY. […] The 25 discriminant KSHV peptide responses targeted multiple KSHV proteins and encompassed responses unique to both ASY and KS. […] Therefore, the 25 discriminative KSHV peptides defined herein demonstrate a potential for predictive screening to detect early/occult KS pathogenesis in ASY individuals.

• #2 Antibody profiling and predictive modeling discriminate between Kaposi sarcoma and asymptomatic KSHV infection | PLOS Pathogens

  https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012023

  Protein-level immunodominance patterns against Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the aetiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), have been revealed from serological probing of whole protein arrays, however, the epitopes that underlie these patterns have not been defined. […] Our study provides the highest resolution mapping of antigenicity across the entire KSHV proteome to date, which is vital to discern mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, to define prognostic biomarkers, and to design effective vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Future studies will investigate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the 25 discriminative peptides. […] The antibody repertoire and epitopes defined here are valuable to furthering the discovery of prognostic biomarkers as well as designing effective preventatives and therapeutics.

• #3 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  These numbers dont take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but your age and overall health, the type of Kaposi sarcoma you have, your CD4 cell count, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and other factors can also affect your outlook. […] People now being diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier. […] 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma: Localized 81%, Regional 65%, Distant 47%, All SEER stages combined 75%.

• #3 Kaposi Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6685213/

  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) continues to have a poor prognosis in sub-Saharan Africa. […] Treatment for early AIDS-related KS in previously untreated patients should start with the control of HIV with antiretrovirals, which frequently results in KS regression. […] In advanced-stage KS, chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is the most common treatment, although it is seldom curative. […] Despite a decrease in the incidence of AIDS-related KS globally since the introduction of cART, KS continues to occur in patients infected with HIV. […] The stage at which KS was diagnosed was predictive of survival; patients with AIDS-related KS in the USA diagnosed with T0 tumours had a 1-year greater median survival than patients diagnosed with T1 tumours. […] Among Swiss patients with AIDS-related KS, those with T1 disease at diagnosis had a 5.2 fold greater rate of death or need of chemotherapy than patients with T0 disease at diagnosis. […] One study from South Africa found that individuals with T1 disease had a 2.4-fold higher mortality than individuals with T0 disease.

• #4 Survival Rates for Kaposi Sarcoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival.html

  These numbers dont take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but your age and overall health, the type of Kaposi sarcoma you have, your CD4 cell count, how well the cancer responds to treatment, and other factors can also affect your outlook. […] People now being diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier. […] 5-year relative survival rates for Kaposi sarcoma: Localized 81%, Regional 65%, Distant 47%, All SEER stages combined 75%.

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