Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Can Kaposi Sarcoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is caused by the Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). There are no vaccines at this time to protect people against KSHV. For now, preventing KS depends on reducing the chance of becoming infected with KSHV and reducing the chance that people who are infected with KSHV will develop KS. […] Most cases of KS in the United States occur in people with HIV and AIDS. Taking measures to avoid becoming infected with HIV could prevent most cases of KS in this country. […] Since HIV can be spread through sex, avoiding unprotected sex with people infected with HIV could help prevent these infections. […] Another way to lower the risk of getting HIV is to take a pill every day that contains ant-viral drugs. This is called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). […] HIV can also be spread through the use of contaminated (dirty) needles to inject recreational drugs.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment & Prevention | FL Dermatologists

  https://www.wederm.com/patient-library/kaposi-sarcoma/

  Kaposi Sarcoma Preventions […] There is no vaccine for HHV-8. Since most KS cases in the U.S. develop in people with HIV and AIDS, the best way to reduce your risk of KS is to avoid becoming infected with HIV. You can do this by: […] Getting tested for HIV and encouraging your partner to do so before having sex […] Using condoms when you have sex, especially vaginal and anal sex […] Limiting your number of sex partners […] Taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drugs if you’re at high risk of contracting HIV […] Refraining from injecting drugs or from sharing needles if you do inject drugs.

• #1 Can Kaposi Sarcoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  HIV-infected mothers can pass the virus to their babies during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Treating the mothers and infants with anti-HIV drugs and avoiding breastfeeding can greatly reduce the risk of these infections. […] For people who are infected with HIV and KSHV, taking the right medicines can reduce the chance of developing KS. […] Testing for HIV can identify people infected with this virus. People with HIV should get treatment to help strengthen their immune system, which usually includes highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART reduces the risk that people with HIV will develop KS (and AIDS). […] For people who are at risk of developing KS after an organ transplant (iatrogenic KS), using certain types of immune suppressive drugs, such as sirolimus or everolimus (mTOR inhibitors), may reduce the chances of KS while still helping prevent rejection of the new organ.

• #1 Cancer prevention and control: Kaposi’s sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6722242/

  Currently, there is no vaccine against KSHV and no primary prevention. Given the lack of knowledge of the route of acquisition, no proper prevention message can be provided to the public. Riding on the back of the HIV prevention success, the measures in place for HIV can be used in the prevention of a KS epidemic. From an epidemiological perspective, KSHV presents a case for preventable vaccine for stopping transmission. […] At a population level, a key preventive strategy would be breaking the transmission of KSHV through exchange of saliva. […] Primary prevention strategy for KSHV and management of disease complication such as lymphedema should be the focus of research.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma: Types, Diagnosis and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/kaposis-sarcoma

  You shouldnt touch the lesions of anyone who has KS. […] If youre HIV-positive, have had an organ transplant, or are otherwise more likely to develop KS, your doctor may suggest highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART reduces the likelihood that people who are HIV-positive will develop KS and AIDS because it fights the HIV infection.

• #1 Kaposi’s sarcoma and HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/kaposis-sarcoma-and-hiv

  Kaposis sarcoma remains one of the most common cancers in people living with HIV. […] HIV treatment protects against Kaposis sarcoma and slows down disease progression. […] Consistent, long-term use of HIV treatment lowers the risk of Kaposis sarcoma significantly. HIV treatment suppresses the replication of HIV, which allows the immune system to better control the HHV-8 virus. […] HIV treatment is an essential part of managing Kaposis sarcoma in people living with HIV. If you are not already taking HIV treatment, you will be strongly recommended to start. […] HIV treatment strengthens the immune system, protects against KS, slows down KS disease progression and prolongs survival. Different classes of anti-HIV drugs appear to be equally effective against KS. […] Treatment with newer cancer drugs is being investigated. This includes treatment with immunotherapy and targeted therapy drugs. You might be asked if you would like to take part in a clinical trial to explore the effectiveness of these drugs as, for the moment, researchers do not know if they are better than standard chemotherapy.

• #1 Kaposi’s sarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma

  Blood tests to detect antibodies against KSHV have been developed and can be used to determine whether a person is at risk for transmitting the infection to their sexual partner, or whether an organ is infected before transplantation. However, these tests are not available except as research tools, and, thus, there is little screening for persons at risk for becoming infected with KSHV, such as people following a transplant. […] In KS associated with immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, treating the cause of the immune system dysfunction can slow or stop the progression of KS. In 40% or more of patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma, the Kaposi lesions will shrink upon first starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Therefore, HAART is considered the cornerstone of therapy in AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. However, in a certain percentage of such people, Kaposi sarcoma may recur after many years on HAART, especially if HIV is not completely suppressed.

• #1 Kaposi sarcoma: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000661.htm

  Safer sexual practices can prevent HIV infection. This prevents HIV/AIDS and its complications, including KS. […] KS almost never occurs in people with HIV/AIDS whose disease is well controlled.

• #1 Risk of Kaposi Sarcoma Supported by Its Evolving Clinicopathologic Characteristics – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/risk-of-kaposi-sarcoma-supported-by-its-evolving-clinicopathologic-characteristics/

  Antiretroviral therapy has led to a dramatic reduction in incidence of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma; however, changes in the disease may lead to a resurgence in its risk for people with HIV infection. […] Adherence to effective ART remains the cornerstone intervention for primary and secondary Kaposi sarcoma prevention; however, well-controlled HIV disease and normal CD4 T-cell counts do not eliminate the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma or experiencing disease recurrence.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma (KS): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/kaposi-sarcoma/

  There are currently no vaccines to protect against KS, but since HIV infection and a weak immune system are significant risk factors, taking steps to prevent HIV and also ramp up your immune system may help lower your risk of developing this form of cancer. […] Consider these preventive tips: […] Use condoms during sex, especially when you’re unsure of your partner’s HIV status. […] Take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an antiviral pill that prevents HIV infection, daily if you have a higher chance of being exposed to HIV. […] Avoid sharing needles of any form, as this is one way that HIV can spread. […] Get regular screenings for HIV. This can help with early detection and early treatment. […] If you already tested positive for HIV or KSHV, speak to your doctor about medications you can take to reduce your chances of developing Kaposi sarcoma. […] If you’ve had an organ transplant, share your concerns about Kaposi sarcoma with your doctor and ask about immunosuppressive medications that might reduce your chances of getting KS while still helping to prevent rejection of the new organ.

• #1 Case Series of Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV-negative Men who have Sex with Men: Potential Therapeutic Approaches

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijdrt/journal-of-dermatology-research-and-therapy-ijdrt-10-127.php?jid=ijdrt

  Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a tumor originating from endothelial cells, both vascular and lymphatic, and is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). […] A fifth subtype has more recently been recognized in men who have sex with men (MSM) in the absence HIV infection. […] Further research into this fifth subtype of KS is warranted as the optimal management strategy remains unclear. […] Although AIDS-related KS and iatrogenic KS are associated with conditions of decreased immunity, an impaired immune function is not well characterized in classic KS, endemic KS and MSM-related KS. […] An infection with HHV-8 is lifelong, similar to other herpes viruses, and there is currently no treatment for permanent eradication of the virus. […] At present, there are also no rigorously studied interventions which can prevent HHV-8 infection, mainly because the specific routes of transmission are not fully understood.

• #1 Pomalidomide for Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/june-25-2020/pomalidomide-for-treatment-of-kaposi-sarcoma/

  Pomalidomide was granted accelerated approval for treatment of adult patients with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma after failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy and for Kaposi sarcoma in adult patients who are HIV-negative. […] Highly active antiretroviral therapy should be continued in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. […] Antithrombotic prophylaxis is recommended. […] Patients at risk of tumor-lysis syndrome should be monitored and appropriate precautions taken.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma Diagnosis & Treatment in Mumbai, India

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/our-specialities/centre-for-bone-marrow-transplant/conditions-treatments/kaposi-sarcoma

  Kaposi Sarcoma Prevention […] – Avoiding dangerous sexual behaviours like having unprotected sex […] – Avoiding the use of intravenous (IV) needles already used by someone […] – Using antiviral medicines as a preventative measure […] – Getting skin exams regularly

• #1 The Use of Antiviral Drugs in the Prevention and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma, Multicentric Castleman Disease and Primary Effusion Lymphoma | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-34344-8_11

  Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)] is the most recently identified member of the human herpesvirus family. […] A growing body of basic science, preclinical, and observational data suggests that antiviral medications may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of KSHV-associated disease. […] Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) prolongs time to treatment failure in Kaposi’s sarcoma. […] The targeting of primary effusion lymphoma cells for apoptosis by inducing lytic replication of human herpesvirus 8 while blocking virus production. […] HIV protease inhibitors are potent anti-angiogenic molecules and promote regression of Kaposi sarcoma. […] Use of HIV protease inhibitors to block Kaposi’s sarcoma and tumour growth. […] The efficacy of ritonavir in the prevention of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma.

• #1 Case Series of Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV-negative Men who have Sex with Men: Potential Therapeutic Approaches

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijdrt/journal-of-dermatology-research-and-therapy-ijdrt-10-127.php?jid=ijdrt

  To the best of our knowledge, the use of topical propranolol and PLD have not been reported before in this KS subtype. […] In conclusion, we report on three cases of MSM-related KS, considered as a fifth subtype of KS. […] Further research into this fifth subtype of KS is warranted as it is currently unclear which factors play a role in its development and how to best manage it.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma Signs & Treatments | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/kaposi-sarcoma

  While many risk factors cannot be controlled, the best way to prevent Kaposi sarcoma is by keeping the immune system strong. This can be done through healthy lifestyle choices and the use of protection for safe sex.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma: Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/k/kaposi-sarcoma-overview.html

  Theres no sure way to prevent KS. But you may be able to lower your risk for it: […] Follow precautions to lower your risk of infection with HIV. […] If you have HIV, treat it.

• #1 Kaposi Sarcoma Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kaposi-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention.html

  There is no way to prevent Kaposi sarcoma. But there are things you can do that might lower your risk for it. […] Learn what is known about Kaposi sarcoma causes, risk factors, and prevention.

• #2 Cancer prevention and control: Kaposi’s sarcoma – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/journal/article/951-cancer-prevention-and-control-kaposis-sarcoma

  Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumour of endothelial origin that is associated with human herpes virus-8 infection. […] Expanding knowledge of KS biology increases hope for prevention, disease control, and hence better quality of life among patients. Primary prevention strategy for KS-associated herpes virus and management of disease complication, such as lymphoedema should be the focus of disease-prevention and -control research. […] Currently, there is no vaccine against KSHV and no primary prevention. Given the lack of knowledge of the route of acquisition, no proper prevention message can be provided to the public. Riding on the back of the HIV prevention success, the measures in place for HIV can be used in the prevention of a KS epidemic. […] From a population level, a key preventive strategy would be breaking the transmission of KSHV through exchange of saliva.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21830-kaposi-sarcoma

  According to the American Cancer Society, taking steps to reduce your HIV risk may help prevent Kaposi sarcoma. […] If you have HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy can reduce your risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment & Prevention | FL Dermatologists

  https://www.wederm.com/patient-library/kaposi-sarcoma/

  Kaposi Sarcoma Preventions […] There is no vaccine for HHV-8. Since most KS cases in the U.S. develop in people with HIV and AIDS, the best way to reduce your risk of KS is to avoid becoming infected with HIV. You can do this by: […] Getting tested for HIV and encouraging your partner to do so before having sex […] Using condoms when you have sex, especially vaginal and anal sex […] Limiting your number of sex partners […] Taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drugs if you’re at high risk of contracting HIV […] Refraining from injecting drugs or from sharing needles if you do inject drugs.

• #2 Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/aids-hiv-opportunistic-infections-kaposis-sarcoma

  Theres no vaccine to protect against HHV-8. The best way to avoid getting KS is to avoid things that put you at higher risk of HIV, such as having unprotected sex or injecting drugs with used needles. Medications called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can also make you less likely to get HIV. […] If you have HIV, preventing KS should be possible with ART, especially if you start it when your CD4 count is still high. If you have advanced HIV, or AIDS, a test can tell if you also have HHV-8. ART will lower the chances that it will become KS. […] If youve had an organ transplant, some anti-rejection drugs can also lower your chance of getting KS.

• #2 Kaposi’s sarcoma and HIV | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/kaposis-sarcoma-and-hiv

  Kaposis sarcoma remains one of the most common cancers in people living with HIV. […] HIV treatment protects against Kaposis sarcoma and slows down disease progression. […] Consistent, long-term use of HIV treatment lowers the risk of Kaposis sarcoma significantly. HIV treatment suppresses the replication of HIV, which allows the immune system to better control the HHV-8 virus. […] HIV treatment is an essential part of managing Kaposis sarcoma in people living with HIV. If you are not already taking HIV treatment, you will be strongly recommended to start. […] HIV treatment strengthens the immune system, protects against KS, slows down KS disease progression and prolongs survival. Different classes of anti-HIV drugs appear to be equally effective against KS. […] Treatment with newer cancer drugs is being investigated. This includes treatment with immunotherapy and targeted therapy drugs. You might be asked if you would like to take part in a clinical trial to explore the effectiveness of these drugs as, for the moment, researchers do not know if they are better than standard chemotherapy.

• #2 Risk of Kaposi Sarcoma Supported by Its Evolving Clinicopathologic Characteristics – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/news/risk-of-kaposi-sarcoma-supported-by-its-evolving-clinicopathologic-characteristics/

  Antiretroviral therapy has led to a dramatic reduction in incidence of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma; however, changes in the disease may lead to a resurgence in its risk for people with HIV infection. […] Adherence to effective ART remains the cornerstone intervention for primary and secondary Kaposi sarcoma prevention; however, well-controlled HIV disease and normal CD4 T-cell counts do not eliminate the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma or experiencing disease recurrence.

• #2 Cancer prevention and control: Kaposi’s sarcoma – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/journal/article/951-cancer-prevention-and-control-kaposis-sarcoma/abstract

  Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumour of endothelial origin that is associated with human herpes virus-8 infection. […] Expanding knowledge of KS biology increases hope for prevention, disease control, and hence better quality of life among patients. Primary prevention strategy for KS-associated herpes virus and management of disease complication, such as lymphoedema should be the focus of disease prevention and control research.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma (KS): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/kaposi-sarcoma/

  There are currently no vaccines to protect against KS, but since HIV infection and a weak immune system are significant risk factors, taking steps to prevent HIV and also ramp up your immune system may help lower your risk of developing this form of cancer. […] Consider these preventive tips: […] Use condoms during sex, especially when you’re unsure of your partner’s HIV status. […] Take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an antiviral pill that prevents HIV infection, daily if you have a higher chance of being exposed to HIV. […] Avoid sharing needles of any form, as this is one way that HIV can spread. […] Get regular screenings for HIV. This can help with early detection and early treatment. […] If you already tested positive for HIV or KSHV, speak to your doctor about medications you can take to reduce your chances of developing Kaposi sarcoma. […] If you’ve had an organ transplant, share your concerns about Kaposi sarcoma with your doctor and ask about immunosuppressive medications that might reduce your chances of getting KS while still helping to prevent rejection of the new organ.

• #2 Kaposi sarcoma: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000661.htm

  Safer sexual practices can prevent HIV infection. This prevents HIV/AIDS and its complications, including KS. […] KS almost never occurs in people with HIV/AIDS whose disease is well controlled.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) – International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

  https://www.iapac.org/fact-sheet/kaposi-sarcoma-ks/

  It is not clear how HHV-8 spreads. It might be spread through sexual activity and deep kissing. […] The best way to prevent KS is by using strong ART to keep your immune system strong.

• #2 Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/our-specialities/sarcoma-and-bone-cancer-program/conditions-treatments/kaposi-sarcoma

  Kaposi Sarcoma Preventions […] Primary Prevention of Kaposi Sarcoma: Although there is no proven way to completely prevent the disease, the risk for Kaposi Sarcoma can be lowered by avoiding the known risk factors for HIV/AIDS, such as having unprotected sex and using intravenous needles that have been used by someone else. Kaposi Sarcoma also rarely occurs in people where HIV/AIDS is well controlled. […] […] Secondary Prevention of Kaposi Sarcoma: Prevention would involve safe sexual practice and avoiding other known risk factors for HIV/AIDS, such as using intravenous needles that have been used by someone else. Secondary prevention includes antiviral drug therapy, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

• #3 Cancer prevention and control: Kaposi’s sarcoma – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/journal/article/951-cancer-prevention-and-control-kaposis-sarcoma/abstract

  Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumour of endothelial origin that is associated with human herpes virus-8 infection. […] Expanding knowledge of KS biology increases hope for prevention, disease control, and hence better quality of life among patients. Primary prevention strategy for KS-associated herpes virus and management of disease complication, such as lymphoedema should be the focus of disease prevention and control research.

• #3 Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/aids-hiv-opportunistic-infections-kaposis-sarcoma

  Theres no vaccine to protect against HHV-8. The best way to avoid getting KS is to avoid things that put you at higher risk of HIV, such as having unprotected sex or injecting drugs with used needles. Medications called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can also make you less likely to get HIV. […] If you have HIV, preventing KS should be possible with ART, especially if you start it when your CD4 count is still high. If you have advanced HIV, or AIDS, a test can tell if you also have HHV-8. ART will lower the chances that it will become KS. […] If youve had an organ transplant, some anti-rejection drugs can also lower your chance of getting KS.

• #3 Kaposi Sarcoma (KS): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/cancer/kaposi-sarcoma/

  There are currently no vaccines to protect against KS, but since HIV infection and a weak immune system are significant risk factors, taking steps to prevent HIV and also ramp up your immune system may help lower your risk of developing this form of cancer. […] Consider these preventive tips: […] Use condoms during sex, especially when you’re unsure of your partner’s HIV status. […] Take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an antiviral pill that prevents HIV infection, daily if you have a higher chance of being exposed to HIV. […] Avoid sharing needles of any form, as this is one way that HIV can spread. […] Get regular screenings for HIV. This can help with early detection and early treatment. […] If you already tested positive for HIV or KSHV, speak to your doctor about medications you can take to reduce your chances of developing Kaposi sarcoma. […] If you’ve had an organ transplant, share your concerns about Kaposi sarcoma with your doctor and ask about immunosuppressive medications that might reduce your chances of getting KS while still helping to prevent rejection of the new organ.

• #3 Kaposi Sarcoma: Overview | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/k/kaposi-sarcoma-overview.html

  Theres no sure way to prevent KS. But you may be able to lower your risk for it: […] Follow precautions to lower your risk of infection with HIV. […] If you have HIV, treat it.

• #4 Kaposi Sarcoma Signs & Treatments | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/kaposi-sarcoma

  While many risk factors cannot be controlled, the best way to prevent Kaposi sarcoma is by keeping the immune system strong. This can be done through healthy lifestyle choices and the use of protection for safe sex.

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