Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Changing Epidemiology of Oral Cavity Cancer in the United States – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35503657/

  Most oral cavity SCC cases arise from the oral tongue (41.7%), followed equally by lip and floor of mouth (each 16.5%) […] The overall incidence of oral tongue SCC continues to rise with an average annual percentage change of 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6%-2.1%; P .001), with a 2.3% increase among women. […] This increase is seen among males and females of all age groups.

• #2 Oral Cavity & Oropharyngeal Cancer Key Statistics 2021 | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

  About 59,660 new cases of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer. […] About 12,770 deaths from oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer. […] Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers occur most often in the following sites: The gums, floor of the mouth, and other parts of the mouth. […] These cancers are more than twice as common in men as in women. […] Overall, the lifetime risk of developing oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer is about 1 in 59 for men and 1 in 139 for women. […] Since the mid-2000s, incidence rates have increased by about 1% per year, mostly because of a rise in cancers linked with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. […] The death rate for cancers of the mouth and throat increased by 0.7% per year from 2009 through 2022, after decades of decline.

• #3 Floor of the mouth cancer: Symptoms, treatment and prognosis | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.us/blog/post/interesting-facts-about-floor-of-the-mouth-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOoqL2NJK9CruVS8kawKeuJbsFeqkJMkFpWPsfEmgHPQKfuUN4gzT

  Roughly one tenth of all malignant tumours in German oral cavity cancer patients are located in the floor of the mouth. […] According to estimates of the Robert Koch-Institut, roughly 12,000 people are diagnosed with oral cavity cancer in Germany each year; in about one tenth of these cases i.e. around 1,200 people a year the tumour is situated on the floor of the mouth. […] The frequency of floor of the mouth cancer differs greatly around the world: For instance, in the USA, this type of cancer accounts for „only” five percent of all cancers; while in India, the figure is 50 percent. […] If you have the slightest suspicion that you might be suffering from floor of the mouth cancer, consult your family doctor or an ENT specialist as early as possible. […] A doctor will initially examine the affected area thoroughly and take a sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis by a pathologist.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news/item/29-11-2023-comprehensive-assessment-of-evidence-on-oral-cancer-prevention-released-29-november-2023

  Oral cancers include cancers of the lips and oral cavity (tongue, gums, floor of the mouth, palate and other parts of the mouth). […] Oral cancer is the 13th most common cancer worldwide, with 377 713 new cases and 177 757 deaths in 2020. […] Worldwide, most patients with oral cancer present in advanced stages with a poor prognosis because of a lack of access to promotive, preventive and early detection programmes. […] Early detection programmes that target high-risk populations, in selected settings where incidence is quite high such as in South and South-East Asia and in the Western Pacific islands, may reduce oral cancer incidence and mortality, particularly of the advanced stages of cancer. […] To reduce the global burden of oral cancer, the Handbook calls for increased public awareness around its risks and causes, along with increased research on oral cancer prevention, and improved early detection services.

• #5

  https://www.xiahepublishing.com/2835-3315/CSP-2023-00029S

  The National Cancer Institute estimates that in 2023, there will be 54,540 new cases of oral cancer globally. […] Oral cancer poses a significant public health challenge, with an increasing trend in its incidence, particularly among young men and women. […] Over 90% of oral cancers are classified as OSCCs. […] The most prevalent sites for OSCC development are the tongue and the floor of the mouth. […] Early detection of oral malignancy is crucial for improving prognosis, increasing survival rates, and reducing treatment-related morbidity, considering the high mortality rate associated with this condition. […] The strategy for oral cancer should encompass preventive and control measures, such as regular screening for early identification. […] The objective of this review is to discuss screening methodologies for early detection and prevention of oral cancer, emphasizing imaging, artificial intelligence (AI), and their integration with conventional approaches.

• #6 Biological and epidemiologic updates on lip and oral cavity cancers – Nocini – Annals of Cancer Epidemiology

  https://ace.amegroups.org/article/view/5366/html

  Oral cavity cancers mostly develop from the floor or anterior base of the mouth, whilst ~90% of lip tumors develop from the lower lip. The current cumulative age-standardized incidence of lip and oral cancers is 4.0 per 100,000, more than double in men than in women (5.8 vs. 2.3 per 100,000, respectively). […] The cumulative age-standardized mortality for lip and oral cancers is 2.0 per 100,000, again more than double in men than in women (2.8 vs. 1.2 per 100,000, respectively). […] The very recent retrospective analysis of Sundermann et al. revealed that floor (22% of all cases) and anterior base (21% of all cases) of the mouth were the most common sites of occurrence, followed by alveolar process (18% of all cases) and edge of tongue (15% of all cases), whilst hard palate was found to be a frequently involved anatomical area in maxilla.

• #7 Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 59,660 […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 12,770 […] % of All New Cancer Cases 2.9% […] % of All Cancer Deaths 2.1% […] The rate of new cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer was 11.6 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2018-2022 cases and 2019-2023 deaths. […] Approximately 1.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with oral cavity and pharynx cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 2018-2021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] In 2022, there were an estimated 452,075 people living with oral cavity and pharynx cancer in the United States. […] Oral cavity and pharynx cancer represents 2.9% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 59,660 new cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer and an estimated 12,770 people will die of this disease.

• #8 Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html

  The rate of new cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer was 11.6 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018-2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] For oral cancer, death rates are higher among males, particularly among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations. The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019-2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new oral cavity and pharynx cancer cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been rising on average 0.8% each year over 2014-2023.

• #9 Trends in Incidence of Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx — United States 2007–2016 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915a1.htm

  Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx account for 3% of cancers diagnosed annually in the United States; risk factors include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. […] During 2007-2016, incidence rates increased for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined, base of tongue, anterior tongue, gum, tonsil, oropharynx, and other oral cavity and pharynx. […] Rates declined for cancers of the lip, floor of mouth, soft palate and uvula, hard palate, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx, and were stable for cancers of the cheek and other mouth and salivary gland. […] During 2007-2016, the incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined increased, despite decreases in several anatomic sites, including the nasopharynx, hypopharynx, lip, and floor of mouth. […] The overall increase appears to be driven by increases in cancers of the tonsil, base of tongue, oropharynx, and other cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, which are HPV-associated, as well as by those of gum and anterior tongue. […] Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx can be caused by exposure to risk factors that are common in the United States, including tobacco use, alcohol use, and HPV infection.

• #10 How Common Is Mouth Cancer and Who’s at Risk for It?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/how-common-is-mouth-cancer

  Mouth cancer, also called oral cancer, is a fairly common cancer. It makes up about 3% of all cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. […] Mouth cancer is most likely to occur on the tongue and floor of the mouth and on the lips. […] The incidence of mouth cancer increases with age, with an average diagnosis of 64 years. […] Non-Hispanic white men over age 65 are the most likely to contract mouth cancer. […] Mouth cancers linked to HPV infection increased yearly by 1.3% in people assigned female at birth and 2.8% in people assigned male at birth from 2015-2019. […] Overall, the lifetime risk of developing mouth cancer is about 1 in 60 for men and 1 in 141 for women. […] If diagnosed early, mouth cancer can be treated. Treatment options may include surgery alone or surgery combined with radiation or chemotherapy. […] Limiting tobacco and alcohol use and regular dental and oral health screenings can reduce your risk of developing mouth cancer.

• #11 Oral cancer survival rates by age

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/oral-cancer-survival-rate-by-age

  Oral cavity and pharynx cancers have a better survival rate when doctors diagnose and treat them early. […] The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database tracks cancer survival statistics. […] According to SEER, the median age for oral cavity and pharynx cancer diagnosis is 64 years. The median age at death from oral cavity and pharynx cancer is 68 years. […] Oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers occur most often in older people. […] Only around 20% of people who receive an oral cavity and pharynx cancer diagnosis are younger than 55 years. […] Cancer survival rates reflect only the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for oral cavity and pharynx cancer is 68.0%. […] The SEER 5-year relative survival rates for oral cancer depend on the type of cancer and its SEER stage: […] Current survival rates may be better than the figures above. […] Five-year survival rates reflect only the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Other factors can influence the outcome, such as a persons age and how their cancer responds to treatment.

• #12 Cancers of the Oral Mucosa: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075729-overview

  Within the United States, oral cancer represents the eleventh most common cancer in males and the sixteenth most common in females. Approximately 53,260 new cancer cases of the oral cavity and pharynx are estimated by 2020, with about 10,750 patients succumbing to the disease annually (7,760 men and 2,990 women). […] The prevalence of tongue cancer is consistently found to be higher (by approximately 50%) in Blacks compared with Whites within the same regions of the United States. […] Oral cancer affects males more frequently than females, although the ratio is equalizing. […] Oral cancer is predominantly found in middle-aged and older persons. However, in recent years, an increase in younger patients has been observed.

• #13 Epidemiological profile of malignant oral cancers in a population of northern Portugal | Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-portuguesa-estomatologia-medicina-dentaria-e-cirurgia-maxilofacial-330-articulo-epidemiological-profile-malignant-oral-cancers-in-population-northern-S1646289016301832

  Epidemiological profile of malignant oral cancers in a population of northern Portugal […] To describe some epidemiological characteristics of malignant oral cancers in a population of the Oncology Portuguese Institute of Porto (IPO-PORTO). […] During this retrospective descriptive study, 1041 cases were reported in both genders. Men were more affected than women in a 3:1 proportion. […] The most affected region was the tongue (C01+C02) (43.51%3.01%), followed by the floor of the mouth (C04) (17.48%2.31%). […] The epidemiological profile of oral malignant neoplasms found in our study is in accordance with the existing literature. More epidemiological studies, as well as awareness and prevention programs, should be conducted in this area in Portugal. […] Oral cancer is a significant component of the global burden of cancer (4% of all cancer cases), and together with the pharyngeal cancer, represents the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide.

• #14 Cancers of the Oral Mucosa: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075729-overview

  Mouth (oral) cancer is a major neoplasm worldwide and accounts for most head and neck cancers. Theoretically, it should be largely preventable or detectable at an early stage, given that the mouth is easy to access and examine by patients and healthcare professionals, assuming they have good lighting. […] Approximately 90% of oral cancers are SCC, which is seen typically on the lateral border of the tongue, oropharynx, and floor of the mouth, as a red lesion (erythroplakia), white lesion (leukoplakia), or a mix of the two (erythroleukoplakia) with an ulcer. […] Oral SCC is particularly common in the developing world, mostly in older males. There is concern about an ongoing increase in younger patients and in women, in particular, without known risk factors, as well as in the oropharynx due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

• #15 Cancers of the Oral Mucosa: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075729-overview

  The oral cavity is one of the 10 most frequent sites of cancer internationally, with three quarters of cases affecting people in the developing world, where, overall, oral cancer is the third most common cancer after stomach and cervical cancer. An estimated 378,500 new cases of intraoral cancer are diagnosed annually worldwide. […] Unfortunately, the parts of the world where oral cancer is most common are also those where descriptive information (ie, incidence, mortality, prevalence) is least available. […] The worldwide incidence of oral cancer is estimated to be around 260,000 cases annually, although there is great variation in the incidences across the world. […] In developed countries, oral cancer is less common but is the eighth most common form of cancer overall. […] The prevalence of lip cancer appears to be decreasing overall, yet there are regions within the European Union where actinic radiation is responsible for an increase in lip cancer cases (eg, Spain), but the prevalence of intraoral cancer appears to be rising in many countries, especially in younger people.

• #16 Oral cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cancer

  Oral cancers overall risk higher in black males opposed to white males, however specific oral cancers-such as of the lip, have a higher risk in white males opposed to black males. Overall, rates of oral cancer between gender groups (male and female) seem to be decreasing, according to data from 3 studies. […] Oral cancer is one of the most-common types of cancer in Asia due to its association with smoking (tobacco, bidi), betel quid and alcohol consumption. […] In South East Asia and Arab countries, although the prevalence is not as high, estimated incidences of oral cancer ranged from 1.6 to 8.6/ 100,000 and 1.8 to 2.13/ 100,000 respectively. […] In 2012, there were 97,400 deaths recorded due to oral cancer. […] Oral cancer is the third-most-common form of cancer in India with over 77 000 new cases diagnosed in 2012 (2.3:1 male to female ratio).

• #16 Oral cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cancer

  Globally, it newly occurred in about 355,000 people and resulted in 177,000 deaths in 2018. Of these 355,000, about 246,000 are males and 108,000 are females. […] Oral cancer occurs more often in people from lower and middle income countries. […] As of 2025, it is the fastest growing cancer among young men in Western countries, and is in most cases related to HPV, the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. […] As of 2025, oropharyngeal cancers caused by the virus have more than doubled in the last 30 years, especially in males. […] Europe places second-highest after Southeast Asia among all continents for age-standardised rate (ASR) specific to oral and oropharyngeal cancer. […] It is the eleventh-most-common cancer in the United States among males while in Canada and Mexico it is the twelfth and thirteenth-most-common cancer respectively.

• #17 SciELO Brazil – Oral carcinoma epidemiology in Paraná State, Southern Brazil Oral carcinoma epidemiology in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

  https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/LwVDpfZ8NnXsGVT8P3xMnGk/?lang=en

  Oral carcinoma is the sixth most frequent type of cancer in the world and the seventh most common in Brazil (the country with the highest incidence in Latin America). […] Anatomical distribution of tumors was: 27 (29.7%) tongue; 18 (19.8%) floor of mouth; 11 (12.1%) oropharynx; and 11 (12.1%) oral mucosa. […] Oral carcinoma has been identified as the sixth most common type of cancer in the world, with some 390 thousand new cases per year. […] Brazil has the highest incidence of oral cancer in Latin America, with major variations between the country’s geographic regions. […] According to data from the INCA, in the oral cavity not including the lips, with a high incidence of malignant tumors, the tongue and floor of the mouth are the most frequent sites. Our sample showed the same profile in terms of predominance of anatomical location, since 29.7% of the patients presented tumors of the tongue and 19.8% of the floor of the mouth, the two most prevalent (and statistically significant) sites. […] According to data from the literature, tumor size, presence or absence of metastases, and regional lymph node involvement are the most accurate prognostic predictors and influence the determination of type of treatment.

• #18 Oral Cancer Facts – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/

  It is cancer that occurs twice as often in the black population as in whites, and survival statistics for blacks over five years are also poorer at 33%, versus 55% for whites. […] Understanding the causative factors of cancer will contribute to the prevention of the disease. […] Age is frequently named as a risk factor for oral cancer, as historically it occurs in those over the age of 40. […] The age of diagnosed patients may indicate a time component in the biochemical or biophysical processes of aging cells that allows malignant transformation. […] Tobacco use in all its forms is number one on the list of risk factors for true oral cavity cancers in individuals over 50. […] When you combine tobacco with heavy use of alcohol, your risk is significantly increased, as the two act synergistically.

• #19 Floor of the mouth cancer | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/floor-of-the-mouth-cancer?content_id=CON-20198288

  Floor of the mouth cancer is cancer that starts as a growth of cells under the tongue. […] Floor of the mouth cancer most often begins in the thin, flat cells that line the inside of the mouth, called squamous cells. When cancer starts in these cells it’s called squamous cell carcinoma. […] Floor of the mouth cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] The most common factors that can increase the risk of floor of the mouth cancer include: Using tobacco. All forms of tobacco increase the risk of floor of the mouth cancer. This includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff. […] Drinking alcohol. Frequent and heavy drinking increases the risk of floor of the mouth cancer. Using alcohol and tobacco together increases the risk even more. […] Being exposed to human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus, also called HPV, is a common virus that’s passed through sexual contact.

• #19 Floor of the mouth cancer | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/floor-of-the-mouth-cancer?content_id=CON-20198288

  If the body’s germ-fighting immune system is weakened by medicines or illness, there might be a higher risk of floor of the mouth cancer. […] Tests and procedures used to diagnose floor of the mouth cancer may include: Examining your mouth and neck. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for floor of the mouth cancer. […] Treatment for advanced floor of the mouth cancer can affect your ability to speak and eat.

• #20 Mouth and throat cancer | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/mouth-and-throat-cancer

  Mouth and throat cancers account for about 3% of all cancer diagnoses, with a significant probability of survival if detected early. […] The most significant cause is the regular use of tobacco products. […] A second causal factor is the regular consumption of substantial quantities of alcoholic beverages, usually over four drinks a day. […] People who smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and consume over four drinks a day increase the likelihood that they will develop mouth and/or throat cancers by forty times. […] Cancer of the mouth and throat constitute about 3 percent of all the cancers diagnosed in the United States annually. […] When an early diagnosis is made and is followed by prompt treatment, a cure results in 75 percent of cases. […] As in all cancers, early detection is the key to effective management and desirable outcomes.

• #21 Squamous cell carcinoma (oral cavity) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-oral-cavity?lang=us

  Epidemiology and risk factors are similar to squamous cell carcinomas elsewhere in the upper aerodigestive tract, with alcohol and tobacco use being the major risk factors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is also associated with increased risk for oral cancer, but not as strongly as for oropharyngeal cancer. […] Though only accounting for a small subset of oral cancer, human papillomavirus infection is implicated in the trends of increasing incidence of oral cancer in women younger than 40 years of age. […] Over 75% of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas occur in the lower lip, oral tongue, and floor of mouth.

• #22 Oral Cancer Facts – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/

  Oral cancer is hazardous because, in its early stages, it may not be noticed by the patient, as it can frequently prosper without producing pain or symptoms they might readily recognize, and because it has a high risk of producing second primary tumors. […] It is estimated that approximately $4.5 billion is spent in the United States each year on the treatment of head and neck cancers. […] The demographics of those who develop this cancer have been consistent for some time. […] The exact causes of those affected at a younger age are becoming more apparent in peer-reviewed research, revealing a viral etiology (cause), the human papillomavirus version 16. […] The human papillomavirus, particularly version 16, has now been shown to be sexually transmitted between partners and is conclusively implicated in the increasing incidence of young, non-smoking oropharyngeal cancer patients.

• #23 Floor of the mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/floor-mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354179

  Having a weak immune system. If the body’s germ-fighting immune system is weakened by medicines or illness, there might be a higher risk of floor of the mouth cancer. […] To lower the risk of floor of the mouth cancer: Don’t use tobacco. […] Limit alcohol intake. […] Ask about the HPV vaccine. […] Have regular health and dental exams.

• #24

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-oral-health-an-evidence-based-toolkit-for-prevention/chapter-6-oral-cancer

  In 2016, 3,744 people in the UK were diagnosed with mouth cancer. The risk of oral cancer increases with age. Age-standardised incidence rates of mouth cancer are higher in Scotland than the rest of the UK, and are rising in England and Wales. Mouth cancer is much more common among males than females with a ratio of approximately 2:1; more common among older age groups, with the peak age for diagnosis being 66 to 70 years. […] Data from Scotland reveal wide socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of oral cancer with those from lowest socioeconomic groups having a near 3-fold greater incidence risk ratio than those from the highest socioeconomic groups; while data from London suggests some South East Asian ethnic groups have higher incidence rate ratios of mouth cancer than their white counterparts.

• #25

  https://journals.lww.com/jpbs/fulltext/2024/16003/epidemiological_study_of_oral_cancer_cases_over_a.205.aspx

  The large percentage of patients (two-thirds of the study population) who come with advanced-stage illness (stages III and IV) is a worrying result in the current study. […] The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on oral cancer incidence and outcomes should not be disregarded, in addition to demographic and clinical considerations. […] The studys overall conclusions highlight the intricate interactions between clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic variables that shape the epidemiology of oral cancer.

• #26 About Oral Cancer | Oral Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/about/about-oral-cancer.html

  It is unclear if HPV itself causes these cancers, or if other factors (such as tobacco and alcohol use) interact with HPV to cause these cancers. […] To help prevent cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, limit alcohol and do not use tobacco. […] Cancers detected at earlier stages have better survival rates. […] Treatments for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx can include surgery and chemotherapy.

• #27

  http://waocp.com/journal/index.php/apjcb/article/view/1221

  Oral cancer, also referred to as mouth cancer, is a type of malignancy that impacts the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, floor of the mouth, and throat. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) typically occurs on the lateral border of the tongue (40%) or the floor of the mouth (30%). […] Globally, there are an estimated 400,000 new cases of oral cancer diagnosed annually, with a disproportionate number occurring in Asian countries. […] According to recent statistics, only a minority of oral and pharyngeal cancers, approximately 30%, are detected at an early stage, whereas 50% are diagnosed at a more advanced stage (stage III or IV) when they have already spread to other parts of the body. […] Early detection through regular screening can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates for patients with oral cancer. […] Oral cancer can be considered a largely preventable disease, given that most risk factors can be eliminated. […] The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for oral cancer is 6.4 per 100,000 population, while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) is 2.4 per 100,000 population.

• #28 Oral Cancer: Incidence and Management

  https://scholars.direct/Articles/oral-cancer/jocr-2-005.php

  Although the oral cavity is readily available for review, research shows that a quarter of patients are late with the onset of treatment. The late diagnosis of oral cancer is influenced by at least 3 factors: Low incidence, lack of knowledge and awareness of oral cavity cancer in the population and among healthcare workers, and difficulties in the health system that make patients and dentists difficult access to patients. […] Some of the observed changes in the oral cavity will be diagnosed by the dentist as the so-called potentially malignant oral lesions. These changes are not cancer, but they have a higher likelihood of transition to cancer than in normal mucous membranes. Such changes will be closely monitored and regularly monitored by a dentist, especially a specialist in oral medicine, in order to react in time. In addition to the education of patients and dentists, screening programs are very important. „The American Cancer Society” recommends conducting screening every three years in patients who have no symptoms and who are aged between 20 and 40-years-old, while they are older patients who were also symptom free should be examined every year. Patients who smoke and consume alcohol are considered high-risk patients and they would should be included in the screening program every year, regardless of age.

• #29 Oral Cancer: Epidemiology, Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/77956

  One of the most common types of cancer is head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries. Oral cancer, which is a subset of head and neck cancers, refers to any cancerous growth in the oral cavity. […] The second most common intraoral site for cancerous changes is the floor of the mouth. Tumors in this area occur in older men, especially in smokers and alcoholics. […] Oral cancer is a serious and growing problem in many countries. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of oral cancer and its mortality varies in different parts of the world. […] The highest incidence of tobacco related oral cancer is seen in low and middle income countries. […] At least three-quarters of all oral cancers can be prevented by quitting smoking and drinking alcohol. […] Screening programs can be valuable in patients from high-risk groups (smokers and alcoholics) or in patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer outside the head and neck. […] The chance of curing oral cancers increases if they are diagnosed and treated early.

• #30 Oral Cancer Monitoring | MedPark Hospital

  http://www.medparkhospital.com/ja-JP/lifestyles/oral-cancer-monitoring

  Approximately 4,440 new cases of mouth cancer are detected each year roughly 12 new cases a day with higher burdens in the Northeast of Thailand. […] According to published data from the National Cancer Institute of Thailand, approximately 4,440 new cases of mouth cancer are detected each year — roughly 12 new cases a day with higher burdens in the Northeast of Thailand. […] Moreover, males and older individuals (45 years of age) are more commonly affected by mouth cancers. […] Therefore, early detection of mouth cancer is crucial as treatments of early stages of mouth cancer could increase the chances of beating the disease and minimize the side effects of cancer treatments, especially for high-risk individuals. […] Early detection and treatment of mouth cancer can improve not just the long-term survival of patients but also reduce the intensity of cancer treatments. […] Systematic examination of the mouth as part of regular dental check-ups and oral cancer screening takes only minutes to perform.

• #31

  https://www.xiahepublishing.com/2835-3315/CSP-2023-00029S

  The integration of AI into screening programs has significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of oral cancer diagnostics. […] A significant challenge in oral cancer management is the delayed presentation of patients, often at an advanced stage of the disease. […] The utilization of AI techniques in advancing image-based diagnosis is gaining popularity, primarily through deep learning and machine learning. […] Improving public awareness about oral cancer and its symptoms is crucial in addressing this issue.

• #32 Oral cancer screening: Insights into epidemiology, risk factors, and screening programs for improved early detection | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1054523

  The global burden of oral cancer is substantial, with approximately 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths in 2020, predominantly in Asia. […] Oral cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among men and the third among women in India, with significant regional variations in incidence and mortality rates. […] Over 90% of oral cancers are OSCCs, often located in the tongue and floor of the mouth. […] Regular clinical examinations and biopsies are crucial for early detection, particularly in high-risk areas like the floor of the mouth and the tongue. […] Effective screening and prevention strategies can lead to earlier detection, more successful interventions, and ultimately, better prognosis for patients.

• #33 Oral Cancer Facts – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/

  The human papillomavirus, particularly HPV16, has been definitively implicated in oropharyngeal cancers. […] It is likely that the changes in sexual behaviors of young adults over the last few decades, which are continuing today, are increasing the spread of HPV and the oncogenic versions of it. […] One of the real dangers of this cancer is that in its early stages, it can go unnoticed. […] Other than the lips, which are no longer a major site for occurrence, common areas for oral cancer to develop in the anterior (front) of the mouth are on the tongue and the floor of the mouth. […] If your dentist or doctor decides that an area is suspicious, the only way to know if it is dangerous is to do a biopsy of the area. […] The prognosis at this stage of discovery is significantly worse than when it is caught in a localized intraoral area.

• #34 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

  The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. […] There is no sign the cancer has spread outside the organ where it started (for example, the lip, tongue, or floor of mouth). […] The 5-year relative survival rate for floor of the mouth cancer is 73% for localized stage, 42% for regional stage, and 23% for distant stage. […] All SEER stages combined for floor of the mouth cancer show a 5-year relative survival rate of 53%.

• #35 Krebs – Cancer of the oral cavity and throat

  https://www.krebsdaten.de/Krebs/EN/Content/Cancer_sites/Oral_cavity_and_throat_cancer/oral_cavity_and_throat_cancer_node.html

  On average, women, at 62 percent, have higher relative 5-year survival rates than men, at 52 percent. This is due to a smaller proportion of cancers of the floor of the mouth, tongue and throat in women. These cancers can be caused by tobacco and alcohol consumption and are associated with lower chances of survival than, for example, malignant tumours of the lip and salivary glands. […] The main risk factors for developing cancer of the oral cavity and throat are tobacco and alcohol consumption in all their forms. If both substances are consumed together, the effect is substantially increased. […] Another major risk factor is chronic infection with human papilloma viruses (HPV), especially with so-called high-risk viruses. HPV infections cause cancer of the throat (pharynx) in particular, but much less frequently in the oral cavity.

• #36 Survival of Patients with Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Surgical Resection and Reconstruction

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162021000900007

  Oral cavity malignancies are the eighth most common cancer worldwide. […] Floor of mouth malignancies are the second most common sub-site in the oral cavity after tongue malignancies. […] The Tumour, Node, Metastases (TNM) staging system devised by the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) is used to categorize malignancies of the oral cavity. […] Stage of disease at time of treatment initiation is a very important predictor of survival in OSCC. […] It is widely accepted that the advanced stage (Stage III and IV) cancers of the oral cavity have lower disease free and overall survival rates compared to early cancers. […] The literature shows that lymph node metastases reduces survival rate. […] Stage IV has been shown to have a 5-year survival rate of 23-58%, stage III 41-66%, stage II 59-80% and stage I 86-94%. […] Our findings suggest earlier diagnosis, and active treatment of early-stage disease may be the best means of improving 5-year survival rates.

• #36 Survival of Patients with Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Surgical Resection and Reconstruction

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162021000900007

  BACKGROUND: To identify predictors of survival in patients with floor of mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma (FOMSCC) in order to improve patient selection for resource intensive resection and reconstruction procedures. […] The most common stage at diagnosis was stage IVA which was found in 40 percent of the sample. […] At 5 years, alcohol usage was a significant predictor of recurrence (P=0.044). […] There were no significant factors associated with death at 1 year however tumour stage at 5 years was a significant predictor (P=0.035). […] Our findings suggest earlier diagnosis, and active treatment of early stage disease may be the best means of improving 5-year survival rates. Efforts to improve quality of care and manage limited resources should concentrate on choosing the appropriate disease stage for surgical management, improve cancer surveillance and strengthen referral system so as to improve early detection of disease and provide social support and counselling for adjunctive habits such as alcohol and tobacco use cessation which will improve patient outcomes.

• #37 Floor of the mouth cancer: Symptoms, treatment and prognosis | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.us/blog/post/interesting-facts-about-floor-of-the-mouth-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOoqL2NJK9CruVS8kawKeuJbsFeqkJMkFpWPsfEmgHPQKfuUN4gzT

  If floor of the mouth cancer is confirmed, various imaging techniques are employed to assess how far the tumour has spread and whether metastases have already formed. […] Treatment of floor of the mouth cancer may vary significantly depending on its location, size, form of progression and stage. […] The most common forms of treatment for squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth are presented below: Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy. […] There is a good chance of recovery from floor of the mouth cancer. However, the prognosis depends significantly on how advanced the cancer is at the time of diagnosis: If the lymph nodes have not yet been affected, the average five-year survival rate is around 70 percent. However, if metastases have formed in the lymph nodes, the survival rate drops to about 20 to 25 percent.

• #38

  https://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sadj/article/view/12678

  To identify predictors of survival in patients with floor of mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma (FOMSCC) in order to improve patient selection for resource intensive resection and reconstruction procedures. […] One- and five-year recurrence and survival rates were also evaluated. […] The most common stage at diagnosis was stage IVA which was found in 40 percent of the sample. […] At 5 years, alcohol usage was a significant predictor of recurrence (P=0.044). […] At 5 years, tumour stage was a significant predictor of death (P=0.035). […] Our findings suggest earlier diagnosis, and active treatment of early stage disease may be the best means of improving 5-year survival rates. […] Efforts to improve quality of care and manage limited resources should concentrate on choosing the appropriate disease stage for surgical management, improve cancer surveillance and strengthen referral system so as to improve early detection of disease and provide, social support and counselling for adjunctive habits such alcohol and tobacco use cessation which will improve patient outcomes.

• #39 Floor of Mouth Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/floor-mouth

  Floor of mouth cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that begins when the cells that make up the floor of the mouth (the horseshoe-shaped area under the tongue) grow out of control and form lesions or tumors. […] Using tobacco products, particularly chewing tobacco, and regularly drinking too much alcohol can increase your chances of developing cancer in the floor of your mouth. Dentists are typically the first to notice signs of floor of mouth cancer, often during a routine exam. […] The most common symptom of floor of mouth cancer is a sore in your mouth that keeps growing larger. Other signs of cancer in the floor of the mouth include: white, red, or dark patches in the mouth, mouth pain, a lump in your neck. […] Floor of mouth cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early. Treatment often involves surgery performed by a head and neck cancer surgeon.

• #40 Floor of Mouth Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/floor-mouth

  The goals in the treatment of floor of mouth cancer are to: cure the cancer, preserve your appearance and the functions of your mouth, prevent the cancer from coming back. […] If the cancer is more advanced, radiation, chemotherapy, or both may be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back.

• #41 Oral Cancer Facts – Oral Cancer Foundation | Information and Resources about Oral Head and Neck Cancer

  https://oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/

  Treatment of oral cancers is ideally a multidisciplinary approach involving the efforts of surgeons, radiation oncologists, chemotherapy oncologists, dental practitioners, nutritionists, and rehabilitation and restorative specialists. […] Chemotherapy, while able to kill cancer cells itself, is currently not used as a monotherapy for oral cancers. […] Patients with cancers treated in their early stages may have little in the way of post-treatment disfigurement.

• #42 Mouth Cancer Facts | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/mouth-cancer-facts-and-figures/

  10,825 people in the UK were diagnosed with Mouth Cancer last year. Last year 3637 people in the UK lost their life to Mouth Cancer. Worldwide Mouth Cancer affects 650,000 per year. Mouth Cancer is TWICE as common in men than women, though an increasing number of women are being diagnosed with the disease. The number of people in the UK getting mouth cancer has increased by more than 38% compared with 20 years ago. More than two-in-three (68%) mouth cancers in the UK are diagnosed in men. Nearly two-in-three (64%) mouth cancers in the UK are diagnosed in the over 60s. More than half (53%) of all mouth cancers are diagnosed in stage IV, where the cancer is at its most advanced. The number of people losing their life to mouth cancer in the UK has increased by 46% in the last 10 years. The number of people losing their life to mouth cancer in the UK has increased by 14% in the last 5 years. The number of people losing their life to mouth cancer in the UK has increased by 5% in the last year. More people in the UK die each year of mouth cancer than of cervical and testicular cancer combined. Mouth cancer causes more deaths in the UK each year than road traffic accidents. Awareness of the major signs and symptoms for mouth cancer are as low as 20%. Awareness on the major risk factors of mouth cancer is as low as 8%. Improving access to NHS dentistry, tackling late diagnosis, and protecting public health policies are some of the key challenges in confronting mouth cancer.

• #43 Epidemiological profile of malignant oral cancers in a population of northern Portugal | Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-revista-portuguesa-estomatologia-medicina-dentaria-e-cirurgia-maxilofacial-330-articulo-epidemiological-profile-malignant-oral-cancers-in-population-northern-S1646289016301832

  The most affected regions were the tongue (C01+C02) and the floor of the mouth (C04), and we verified that injuries in those regions were diagnosed at late stages (III and IV), which worsens the prognosis of the patient. […] More epidemiological studies should be conducted in this area in Portugal, thus enabling the development and planning of social policies and future health programs.

• #44 logo–sylvester

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/head-and-neck-cancers/lip-and-oral-cavity-(mouth)-cancer-

  Most lip and oral cavity cancers occur in squamous cells. These cells are thin, flat cells that line the lips and oral cavity. These cancers are called squamous cell carcinomas. They can grow in the mouth, the jaw, the front of the tongue and the lips. Your doctor may notice white patches on your gums, or inside your cheeks, the bottom of your mouth and, sometimes, your tongue. These are called leukoplakia. You are at higher risk for lip and mouth cancer if you use tobacco or drink heavily. […] Clinical trials that focus on robotic surgery, chemotherapy, reducing radiation toxicity and immunotherapy are often available for head and neck cancer patients. You can get new treatments that aren’t available elsewhere. Your access to trials that match your specific cancer gives you the best chance for the best treatment outcomes.

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