Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14326-bladder-cancer

  Bladder cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer that starts in the lining of your bladder. There are many ways to treat the cancer, including surgery to remove it. Bladder cancer may come back after treatment, so people with the disease should be vigilant about following up with their healthcare providers. […] Healthcare providers have many ways to treat bladder cancer, including surgery to remove bladder cancer. Bladder cancer may come back after treatment, so people with bladder cancer should be vigilant about following up with their healthcare providers. […] Healthcare providers can treat early-stage bladder cancer cancer thats found and treated before it can spread but about 75% of early-stage bladder cancers come back. […] Surgery is a common bladder cancer treatment. Providers choose surgical options based on the cancer stage. For example, many times, TURBT, the procedure used to diagnose bladder cancer, can treat bladder cancer that hasnt spread. Healthcare providers either remove the tumor or use high-energy electricity to burn it away with a process known as fulguration.

• #1 Nursing Considerations for Bladder Cancer Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://www.ons.org/news-and-views/nursing-considerations-for-bladder-cancer-survivorship-care

  Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, with an estimated 83,730 adult diagnoses in 2021. […] The five-year survival rate among all patients with bladder cancer is 77%, but that varies with stage of diagnoses. […] Survivors may be at risk for various late and long-term effects, depending on their treatment modality, specific agents, and dosage. […] Cystectomy involves the creation of a urinary diversion, which requires long-term care and maintenance of a stoma and the surrounding skin as well as a willingness and ability to self-manage lifelong changes in urinary function. […] Follow-up care consists of monitoring patients for recurrent or progressive disease while also evaluating for psychosocial effects such as fear of recurrence, anxiety, depression, financial difficulties, and physical and sexual functioning.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-bladder-cancer

  To equip nursing professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary for the effective management of patients with bladder cancer. This plan emphasizes understanding the disease, recognizing its symptoms, and implementing comprehensive nursing interventions to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and provide psychological support. […] Effective management of symptoms such as pain, urinary difficulties, and hematuria (blood in urine). […] Prevention of complications, including infection and renal dysfunction. […] Adequate support for dealing with emotional and psychological impacts of the diagnosis and treatment. […] Patient and family understanding of the disease process, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. […] Monitor for changes in urinary habits, presence of blood in urine, and any signs of urinary tract infection.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-bladder-cancer

  Evaluate the location, intensity, and character of any pain, particularly in the pelvic area or back. […] Monitor for signs of weight loss or malnutrition. […] Assess the patients and familys understanding of the illness, their emotional state, and coping mechanisms. […] Acute Pain related to bladder irritation or tumor growth. […] Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures or immunosuppression from chemotherapy. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased appetite or treatment side effects. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. […] Monitor urinary output, appearance, and symptoms to assess bladder function and detect complications. […] Administer analgesics as prescribed and apply non-pharmacological pain relief strategies.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-bladder-cancer

  Implement aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of urinary tract infections. […] Provide emotional support, and engage in active listening. Refer to counseling services if needed. […] Collaborate with a dietitian to ensure the patients nutritional needs are met. […] Educate the patient and family about the disease, treatment options, and self-care practices. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Monitor for signs of infection and the effectiveness of preventive measures. […] Evaluate dietary intake, weight stability, and signs of nutritional adequacy. […] Assess their comprehension of the condition, treatment plan, and their coping strategies. […] This care plan aims to provide a holistic approach to managing bladder cancer, focusing on symptom relief, infection prevention, nutritional support, and providing emotional and educational support. Personalizing care to address individual patient needs and concerns is essential for effective management and improved quality of life.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2014/09000/care_of_the_patient_with_bladder_cancer.8.aspx

  Be prepared to provide competent and quality care for patients with this life-changing disease. […] The probability of providing nursing care for a patient with a past medical history of bladder cancer who has a urinary diversion is even higher. […] Incorporating best practices into your nursing care plan facilitates the provision of excellent care that leads to optimal patient outcomes. […] Generally, nursing care will consist of helping the patient with strict fluid balance, nasogastric tube assessments, restricted diet, wound care, stoma care, mobilization, and self-care. More specific care will be dependent on the medical treatment given. […] Your priority responsibility for caring for the patient who has an ileal conduit is prevention of complications. […] One key nursing intervention to help prevent infection is the use of a larger drainage bag at night.

• #1 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  For patients who require radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, offer support and reinforcement of the information. […] If any type of stoma is to be created, arrange for a preoperative visit from the enterostomal therapist. […] Administer bowel preparation as prescribed, which may include a clear liquid diet, laxatives and enemas, and antibiotics to lower the bacterial count in the bowel. […] Monitor Vital signs. […] Assess incision site. […] Assess stoma (should be red and moist) every hour for the first 24 hours. […] Monitor for edema in the stoma, which may be present in the immediate postoperative period. […] If the stoma appears dark and dusky, notify the physician immediately because this indicates necrosis. […] Monitor for prolapse or retraction of the stoma. […] Assess for return of bowel function; monitor for peristalsis, which will return in 3 to 4 days.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2014/09000/care_of_the_patient_with_bladder_cancer.8.aspx

  When providing nursing care for patients receiving chemotherapy, there are key nursing interventions that are important to include in the care plan, such as assessing for adverse reactions and managing them accordingly. […] After the bladder is removed, a new method for diverting urine from the body must be established. […] Your primary nursing interventions will depend on the type of urinary diversion created. […] At the time of admission, begin educating your patient on self-care after discharge. […] Provide thorough teaching regarding stoma care, including how to recognize signs of ischemia by observing the color of the stoma and to report to the healthcare provider immediately any shades of blue or purple, or a dusky appearance. […] Be certain that you describe findings that are considered urgent and should be reported to the healthcare provider, including having little-to-no urine output, pain that isn’t controlled by pharmacologic means, or prolonged pain.

• #1 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Maintain NPO status as prescribed until bowel sounds return. […] Monitor urine flow, which is continuous (30 to 60 mL per hour) following surgery. […] Notify the physician if the urine output is less than 30 mL an hour or if no urine output occurs for more than 15 minutes. […] Monitor urinary output closely and irrigate catheter (if present) gently to prevent obstruction, as prescribed, with 60 mL of NS. […] Monitor for hematuria. […] Monitor for signs of peritonitis. […] Monitor for bladder distention following a partial cystectomy. […] Monitor for shock, hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, and lower extremity lymphedema following a radical cystectomy. […] Monitor the urinary drainage pouch for leaks, and check skin integrity. […] Instruct the client regarding the potential for urinary tract infection or the development of the calculuses.

• #1 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Partial cystectomy is the removal of up to half of the bladder. […] Maintenance of a continuous output of urine following surgery is critical to prevent bladder distention and stress on the suture line. […] The procedure involves removal of the bladder and urethra in the women, and the bladder, the urethra, and usually the prostrate and seminal vesicles in men. […] When the bladder and urethra are remove, permanent urinary diversion is required. […] The ileal conduit also is called ureteroileostomy or Brickers procedure. […] The urine flows into the conduit and is propelled continually out through the stoma by peristalsis. […] Complications include obstruction, pyelonephritis, leakage at the anastomosis site, stenosis, hydronephrosis, calculuses, skin irritation and ulceration, and stomal defects.

• #1 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  With intravesical chemotherapy, the most common side effects are bladder irritation and painful urination. […] The side effects of systemic chemotherapy depend on the type and dose of the therapy given and the length of time it is used, and can include: Fatigue, Nausea or vomiting, Hair loss, Increased risk of infection (from having too few white blood cells), Easy bruising or bleeding, Peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in hands and feet). […] Immunotherapy travels through the bloodstream, helping to prompt an immune response. […] Changes to the skin are the most common side effects of radiation therapy. […] Its especially important to contact the health care team if there is any open skin or painful area, as this could be sign of an infection.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2014/09000/care_of_the_patient_with_bladder_cancer.9.aspx

  GENERAL PURPOSE: To provide information about bladder cancer and its treatment. […] LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading the article and taking this test, you’ll be able to: 2. Identify treatments and nursing care of the patient with bladder cancer. […] Following administration of BCG, the patient should void and then drink fluids. […] After ileal loop surgery, nursing care should include checking the stoma at least every 4 hours for the first 48 hours. […] Which assessment finding is considered an emergency and needs to be reported to the surgeon? dusky-colored stoma. […] Teach patients who must self-catheterize to use sterile technique.

• #1 Living as a Bladder Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  People whove had bladder cancer can still get other cancers (known as second cancers). […] Most experts dont recommend any additional testing to look for second cancers in people whove had bladder cancer. […] Like other people, bladder cancer survivors should follow the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer and stay away from tobacco products, which increase the risk of many types of cancer. […] If you had a radical cystectomy and now have a urostomy, you might worry even about everyday activities at first. […] Its normal to have worries and concerns when adjusting to such a major change. […] Bladder cancer treatment can often affect your sex life.

• #1 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Following the creation of an ileal conduit, teach the patient and significant others the care of the stoma and urinary drainage system. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses, secondary and immune system (the effect of chemotherapy / radiation), malnutrition, invasive procedures. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Sexual Dysfunction related to deficit of knowledge / skills about alternative responses to health transition, decreased function / structure, the effects of treatment. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to the effects of radiation and chemotherapy, immunologic deficits, decreased nutrient intake and anemia.

• #1 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  Each year, an estimated 81,000 adults in the United States are diagnosed with bladder cancer. […] This booklet provides information, guidance and resources for people helping to care for a loved one with bladder cancer. […] Caregivers provide important support for a person with cancer. […] The kind of support that a caregiver provides will be different for each person. In general, caregiving support falls into one of three areas: informational, practical and emotional. This booklet provides examples of how caregivers can help in each of these areas. […] A person diagnosed with bladder cancer can feel overwhelmed, and may need informational support directly related to their diagnosis and treatment. […] Understand the potential side effects of the chosen treatment approach. […] Help your loved one communicate with health care professionals.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc1121

  Take care of your urinary tract to prevent problems such as infection, which can be caused by bladder cancer and its treatment. Limit drinks with caffeine, drink plenty of fluids, and urinate every 3 to 4 hours. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have pain that does not get better after taking pain medicine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #1 Living as a Bladder Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  For some people with bladder cancer, treatment can remove or destroy the cancer. […] Even if you have completed treatment, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. People who’ve had bladder cancer are at risk for the cancer coming back, as well as developing a second bladder cancer, so its very important to go to all your follow-up appointments. […] Your schedule of exams and tests will depend mainly on the cancers stage (as well as the risk group, for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer), what treatments youve had, and other factors. […] Most experts recommend exams and tests about every 3 to 6 months for people who have no signs of cancer after treatment. […] If your bladder hasnt been removed, regular cystoscopy exams will also be done, typically about every 3 months for the first couple of years.

• #1 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  As a caregiver, you may be involved in some health care tasks that are more typically handled by a nurse, such as administering medication and changing bandages. […] Its hard to watch someone you care about go through the difficult emotions that may arise with a cancer diagnosis, which can range from denial to sadness to anger. […] Support your loved ones treatment decisions. […] Continue your support when your loved ones treatment is over. […] Taking care of a loved one can be a positive experience, but it can also feel like a full-time job, and be very stressful. […] Its important that side effects are reported right away so that your loved ones health care team can help manage them. […] General side effects of bladder cancer treatment can include digestive tract symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite) and fatigue.

• #1 Palliative Care – Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network

  https://bcan.org/palliative-care/

  Palliative care is incorporated to promote the best quality of life (QOL) throughout a patients bladder cancer experience. […] Palliative care can be given at the same time as treatments meant to cure or treat the disease. […] A patient can receive palliative care when bladder cancer is diagnosed, throughout treatment, during follow-up, and at the end of life. […] It can help to lower the burden of some symptoms of disease or side effects of treatments. […] Palliative care addresses much more than just pain. […] Some patients experience bad bladder symptoms after treatments like BCG or radiation, and pain or bowel problems after surgery. Palliative care can be used for these types of problems, too.

• #1 Treatment for bladder cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bladder-cancer/treatment/

  Bladder cancer can often be treated. […] You’ll usually be offered surgery to treat bladder cancer. You may also have chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted medicines. […] Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer. […] You’ll be supported through surgery and recovery by your specialist treatment team. […] Chemotherapy is medicine that kills cancer cells. […] You may have chemotherapy for bladder cancer: before you have surgery or radiotherapy, at the same time as radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), after surgery to stop the cancer coming back, if the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing. […] Immunotherapy medicines help your immune system find and kill the cancer cells. […] Radiotherapy uses rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer, it may be hard to treat and not possible to cure. […] You’ll be referred to a team of doctors and nurses called a symptom control team or palliative care team. […] They’ll help you to manage your symptoms and make you feel more comfortable.

• #1 Effects of Nursing Care for the Treatment of Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9527440/

  In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were used to examine the effectiveness of nursing care in the treatment of bladder cancer patients. […] Continuous nursing can extend the nursing service to the community and families. It can not only effectively improve the self-care ability of patients with bladder cancer after operation and reduce the occurrence of complications, thus improving the quality of life of patients, but also improve the compliance of patients with medical treatment. […] This study demonstrated that the effects of nursing care reduced the incidence rate of chemotherapy and the frequency of severe problems in bladder cancer patients. […] The incidence rate of bladder cancer patients who experienced serious complications was lower in the nursing care group than in the control category (mean difference=0.41 95 percent CI: 0.18-0.93, p = 0.03).

• #2 Bladder Cancer, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/bladder_cancer

  CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by bladder cancer, as well as bladder cancer treatment information and additional resources, including financial and co-pay assistance. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of bladder cancer. […] CancerCare offers many support services that might be helpful to you or your friend, including individual telephone counseling and telephone or online support groups. CancerCare support groups are moderated by professional oncology social workers. […] Read or order our free Connect booklets and fact sheets offering easy-to-read information about the latest cancer treatments, managing side effects and coping with cancer. […] Coping With Bladder Cancer. […] CancerCare offers publications on many different topics that might be helpful.

• #2 Nursing Care Plans for Bladder Cancer ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/11/nursing-care-plans-for-bladder-cancer.html

  Nursing Care Plans for Bladder Cancer […] The most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria. […] Irritative urinary symptoms are relatively common at presentation, including frequency, urgency, and dysuria. […] Nursing Assessment The patient typically reports gross, painless, intermittent hematuria and often with clots. […] Patients may complain of suprapubic pain after voiding, and also complain of bladder irritability, urinary frequency, nocturia, and dribbling. […] Nursing diagnosis Common nursing diagnosis found in nursing care plans for bladder cancer: Acute pain, Anxiety, Disturbed body image, Fear, Impaired skin integrity, Impaired urinary elimination, Ineffective coping, Ineffective therapeutic regimen management, Risk for infection, Sexual dysfunction. […] Nursing Interventions Acute Pain related to activity of disease process (cancer): Assess pain level, location, characteristics, and intensity.

• #2 Bladder cancer and its management | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bladder-cancer-and-its-management/232947654

  The optimal course of BCG Live appears to be a 6- week course of weekly instillations, followed by a 3- week course at 3 months for tumours that do not respond. In high-risk cancers, maintenance BCG Live administered in a 3-week course at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months may limit recurrence and prevent progression. […] Radiation therapy To reduce micro extension of the neoplasm. Also used in combination with surgery or to control the disease in patients with inoperable tumours. […] Nursing interventions involves stabilizing the tube to prevent dislodgement and monitoring output. […] Assessment Health history- Medical and surgical history. Assess for hematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, risk factors (especially smoking history), weight loss, fatigue, and signs of metastasis. […] NURSING DIAGNOSIS Acute pain related to irritative voiding symptoms and catheter related discomfort. Impaired urinary elimination related to hematuria and transurethral surgery. Anxiety related to diagnosis of cancer. Deficient knowledge related to progress of disease and future treatment. […] Nurses can do assessment of patients with bladder cancer, observe the sign and symptoms, provide the necessary nursing care and support the patient psychologically. Nurses can also counsel the patients and their family for various options available in treatment for bladder cancer.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-bladder-cancer

  Evaluate the location, intensity, and character of any pain, particularly in the pelvic area or back. […] Monitor for signs of weight loss or malnutrition. […] Assess the patients and familys understanding of the illness, their emotional state, and coping mechanisms. […] Acute Pain related to bladder irritation or tumor growth. […] Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures or immunosuppression from chemotherapy. […] Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased appetite or treatment side effects. […] Anxiety related to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. […] Monitor urinary output, appearance, and symptoms to assess bladder function and detect complications. […] Administer analgesics as prescribed and apply non-pharmacological pain relief strategies.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Bladder Cancer | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-bladder-cancer

  Implement aseptic techniques and monitor for signs of urinary tract infections. […] Provide emotional support, and engage in active listening. Refer to counseling services if needed. […] Collaborate with a dietitian to ensure the patients nutritional needs are met. […] Educate the patient and family about the disease, treatment options, and self-care practices. […] Regularly assess pain levels and the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Monitor for signs of infection and the effectiveness of preventive measures. […] Evaluate dietary intake, weight stability, and signs of nutritional adequacy. […] Assess their comprehension of the condition, treatment plan, and their coping strategies. […] This care plan aims to provide a holistic approach to managing bladder cancer, focusing on symptom relief, infection prevention, nutritional support, and providing emotional and educational support. Personalizing care to address individual patient needs and concerns is essential for effective management and improved quality of life.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Maintain NPO status as prescribed until bowel sounds return. […] Monitor urine flow, which is continuous (30 to 60 mL per hour) following surgery. […] Notify the physician if the urine output is less than 30 mL an hour or if no urine output occurs for more than 15 minutes. […] Monitor urinary output closely and irrigate catheter (if present) gently to prevent obstruction, as prescribed, with 60 mL of NS. […] Monitor for hematuria. […] Monitor for signs of peritonitis. […] Monitor for bladder distention following a partial cystectomy. […] Monitor for shock, hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, and lower extremity lymphedema following a radical cystectomy. […] Monitor the urinary drainage pouch for leaks, and check skin integrity. […] Instruct the client regarding the potential for urinary tract infection or the development of the calculuses.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  For patients who require radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, offer support and reinforcement of the information. […] If any type of stoma is to be created, arrange for a preoperative visit from the enterostomal therapist. […] Administer bowel preparation as prescribed, which may include a clear liquid diet, laxatives and enemas, and antibiotics to lower the bacterial count in the bowel. […] Monitor Vital signs. […] Assess incision site. […] Assess stoma (should be red and moist) every hour for the first 24 hours. […] Monitor for edema in the stoma, which may be present in the immediate postoperative period. […] If the stoma appears dark and dusky, notify the physician immediately because this indicates necrosis. […] Monitor for prolapse or retraction of the stoma. […] Assess for return of bowel function; monitor for peristalsis, which will return in 3 to 4 days.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  The Koch pouch is a continent internal ileal reservoir created from a segment of the ileum and ascending colon. […] Following removal of the catheter, the client is instructed in how to self-catheterize and to drain the reservoir at 4 to 6 hour intervals. […] Creation of a neobladder is similar to the creation of an internal reservoir, with the difference being that instead of emptying through an abdominal stoma, the bladder empties through a pelvic outlet into the urethra. […] These procedures are used when the cancer is inoperable to prevent obstruction. […] Nursing interventions involves stabilizing the tube to prevent dislodgement and monitoring output. […] The bladder is sutured to the abdomen, and a stoma is created in the bladder wall. […] The bladder empties through the stoma.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Instruct the client to assess the skin for irritation and to monitor the urinary drainage pouch for any leakage. […] Encourage the client to express feelings about changes in body image, embarrassment, and sexual dysfunction. […] Following creation of an ileal conduit, teach the patient and significant others the care of the stoma and urinary drainage system. […] Teach the patient the specific procedure to catheterize the continent cutaneous pouch or reservoir. […] Stress the need for the patient to wear a medical ID bracelet. […] Following orthotopic bladder replacement, teach the patient how to irrigate the Foley catheter. […] Instruct the patient on methods for performing Kegel exercises during and between voidings to minimize incontinence. […] Also instruct the patient on self-catheterization techniques in case the patient is unable to void.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Intracavitary radiation maybe prescribed which protect adjacent tissues. […] External radiation combined with chemotherapy or surgery maybe prescribed because the external radiation alone maybe ineffective. […] Complications of radiations: A bacterial cystitis […] Proctitis […] Fistula formation […] Ileitis or colitis […] Bladder ulceration and hemorrhage. […] Systemic chemotherapy is used to treat inoperable or late tumors. […] Agents used may include, cysplatin (Platinol), doxorubicin (Adremycin), cyclophospamide (Cytosan), methotrexate (Folex) and Pyridoxine. […] Bladder irritation […] Hemorrhagic cystitis. […] Local resection and fulguration (destruction of tissue by electrical current through electrodes place in direct contact with the tissue) […] Perform for early tumor for cure or for inoperable tumors for palliation.

• #2 Bladder cancer and its management | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bladder-cancer-and-its-management/232947654

  Treatment of bladder cancer depends on: – the grade of the tumour (the degree of cellular differentiation) the stage of tumour growth (the degree of local invasion and the presence or absence of metastasis) the multicentricity (having many centers) The patients age and physical, mental, and emotional status are considered when determining treatment modalities. […] Chemotherapy Combination of methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin has been effective in producing partial remission of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. […] Topical chemotherapy delivers a high concentration of medication (thiotepa, doxorubicin, mitomycin, and BCG live) to the tumour to promote tumour destruction. […] BCG Live – It is conservative intravesical agent for recurrent bladder cancer, especially superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Bladder cancer is papillomatous growth in the bladder urothelium that undergo malignant changes and that may infiltrate the bladder wall. […] Common signs of metastasis include the liver, bones and lungs. […] As the tumor progresses can extend to the rectum, vagina and retro-peritoneal structures. […] Painless hematuria […] Dysuria […] Gross hematuria […] Obstruction of urine flow […] Development of fistula (urine from the vagina, fecal material in the urine). […] Risk for altered urinary elimination related to the obstruction of urinary flow. […] Most bladder cancer are poorly radio sensitive and require high doses of radiation. […] Radiation therapy is more acceptable for advance disease that cannot be eradicated by surgery. […] Palliative radiation maybe used to relieve pain and bowel obstruction and control potential hemorrhage and leg edema cause by venous or lymphatic obstruction.

• #2 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  As a caregiver, you may be involved in some health care tasks that are more typically handled by a nurse, such as administering medication and changing bandages. […] Its hard to watch someone you care about go through the difficult emotions that may arise with a cancer diagnosis, which can range from denial to sadness to anger. […] Support your loved ones treatment decisions. […] Continue your support when your loved ones treatment is over. […] Taking care of a loved one can be a positive experience, but it can also feel like a full-time job, and be very stressful. […] Its important that side effects are reported right away so that your loved ones health care team can help manage them. […] General side effects of bladder cancer treatment can include digestive tract symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite) and fatigue.

• #2 Supportive care for bladder cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bladder/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps people meet the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of bladder cancer. It is an important part of cancer care. […] Recovering from bladder cancer and adjusting to life after treatment is different for each person, depending on the stage of the cancer, the organs and tissues removed during surgery, the type of treatment and many other factors. […] Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence) is when you cant control urine (pee) leaving your body. Some people have loss of bladder control after surgery or radiation therapy for bladder cancer. […] After surgery to remove the whole bladder (called a radical cystectomy), many people will need a urostomy to drain urine from the body. […] Some treatments for bladder cancer, including a radical cystectomy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, can cause changes in sexuality and sexual function. […] Fertility problems can develop after treatment with a radical cystectomy, radiation therapy or chemotherapy for bladder cancer.

• #2 Bladder Cancer Patient & Carer Experience Survey – Survey Report

  https://worldbladdercancer.org/patient-and-carer-experiences-with-bladder-cancer/

  Bladder cancer patients often lacked help and support in many areas, even though it was needed. Emotional support access was lacking for most patients. Almost all patients needed more information. The greatest need for information was on treatment options and duration, diagnosis and what it means and side effects of treatment. Nearly three-quarters of patients did not receive information about peer-support groups and charities. Bladder cancer patients felt well supported by the people involved in their treatment and care, but also described a lack of follow-up and support after the treatment concluded. […] Most bladder cancer patients did not receive information about peer support groups, organisations or charities. Often, people found these groups through their own research. Half of the bladder cancer patients contacted a patient organisation. Of those who did, over half definitely received the information and support they needed.

• #2 Living as a Bladder Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Talk with your doctor about developing a survivorship care plan for you. […] If you have (or have had) bladder cancer, you probably want to know if there are things you can do that might lower your risk of the cancer growing or coming back, such as exercising, eating a certain type of diet, or taking nutritional supplements. […] Smoking is a strong risk factor for bladder cancer. […] Some studies have shown that having excess body weight (a BMI of 25 or more) might be linked to a higher chance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer growing or coming back. […] So far, no dietary supplements (including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products) have been shown to clearly help lower the risk of bladder cancer progressing or coming back. […] If the cancer does recur at some point, your treatment options will depend on where the cancer is located, what treatments youve had before, and your health.

• #2 Resources for Caregivers & Patients – Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network

  https://bcan.org/find-support/caregiver-resources/

  Bladder cancer can affect the well being and quality of life for both a patient and those that care about him or her. […] A caregiver plays an important role in supporting the individual with bladder cancer. He or she often provides physical, emotional, and practical care on a daily or as-needed basis. […] Providing this support can become a caregivers sole focus, especially when a family member or friend is undergoing a long treatment plan. […] BCANs Bladder Cancer Basics Tips for Caregivers shares many tips and suggestions that most caregivers wish they knew when their loved one was first diagnosed. […] You must also take care of your mental and physical health. […] Caregiver tip John: When my wife was diagnosed, I went into Superman mode trying to take care of everything at once. […] If we had waited to discuss legal issues, whether and when to ask for hospice, funeral arrangements, etc., those conversations would not have happened. Of course, these are very difficult conversations!

• #2 Bladder cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/bladder-cancer

  Non-invasive bladder cancers can also be treated with immunotherapy. A vaccine called Bacillus Calmetter-Guerin, developed to prevent tuberculosis, can be used to stimulate your immune system in order to stop or delay bladder cancer. […] Chemotherapy drugs are used to destroy or damage cancer cells. For non-invasive bladder cancers, chemotherapy drugs are instilled into the bladder (intravesical chemotherapy). […] In some cases of bladder cancer, your medical team may talk to you about palliative care. […] Palliative care aims to improve your quality of life by alleviating symptoms of cancer without trying to cure the disease. […] As well as slowing the spread of bladder cancer, palliative treatment can relieve pain and help manage other symptoms. Treatment may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other drug therapies.

• #2 Support at home when you have metastatic bladder cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bladder-cancer/metastatic/support-at-home

  You might need some care and support at home if your bladder cancer has spread (metastatic bladder cancer). […] Community specialist palliative care nurses include Macmillan nurses and hospice nurses. They specialise in symptom management such as pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. They also give emotional support to you and your carers. […] Marie Curie nurses give nursing care to people with advanced cancer in their own homes. They can visit during the day or spend the night in your home to give your carers a break. […] Support is available to help you cope with emotional, practical and physical issues when you have metastatic bladder cancer. […] Bladder cancer can spread to other parts of the body. When this happens, it is called metastatic or advanced bladder cancer. […] There are different treatments for metastatic bladder cancer. These include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.

• #2 Effects of Nursing Care for the Treatment of Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9527440/

  The continuous nursing of patients after bladder cancer surgery has made initial development in China. The implementation of continuous nursing can improve the degree of disease knowledge and self-care ability of discharged patients with bladder cancer, reduce the occurrence of complications, improve the quality of life of patients, and promote their health.

• #2 Nursing care plan for bladder cancer

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-bladder-cancer/

  Bladder cancer is a malignancy of the urinary bladder, and is usually caused by lifestyle or environmental factors. The goal of treatment for bladder cancer is to reduce the impact of the malignancy on the patients quality of life, reduce the risk of progression or recurrence, and offer the best possible outcomes for both short-term and long-term survival. […] The primary outcomes of the nursing care plan should focus on the relief of symptoms, the prevention of complications, and the return of the patient to their normal level of functioning. […] The purpose of the nursing care plan is to maximize the patients quality of life, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of recurrence or progression of bladder cancer. Nurses can achieve this by assessing symptoms, educating patients and their families, providing emotional support, and implementing an appropriate treatment plan.

• #3 Bladder cancer and its management | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bladder-cancer-and-its-management/232947654

  The optimal course of BCG Live appears to be a 6- week course of weekly instillations, followed by a 3- week course at 3 months for tumours that do not respond. In high-risk cancers, maintenance BCG Live administered in a 3-week course at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months may limit recurrence and prevent progression. […] Radiation therapy To reduce micro extension of the neoplasm. Also used in combination with surgery or to control the disease in patients with inoperable tumours. […] Nursing interventions involves stabilizing the tube to prevent dislodgement and monitoring output. […] Assessment Health history- Medical and surgical history. Assess for hematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, risk factors (especially smoking history), weight loss, fatigue, and signs of metastasis. […] NURSING DIAGNOSIS Acute pain related to irritative voiding symptoms and catheter related discomfort. Impaired urinary elimination related to hematuria and transurethral surgery. Anxiety related to diagnosis of cancer. Deficient knowledge related to progress of disease and future treatment. […] Nurses can do assessment of patients with bladder cancer, observe the sign and symptoms, provide the necessary nursing care and support the patient psychologically. Nurses can also counsel the patients and their family for various options available in treatment for bladder cancer.

• #3 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Following the creation of an ileal conduit, teach the patient and significant others the care of the stoma and urinary drainage system. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses, secondary and immune system (the effect of chemotherapy / radiation), malnutrition, invasive procedures. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Sexual Dysfunction related to deficit of knowledge / skills about alternative responses to health transition, decreased function / structure, the effects of treatment. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to the effects of radiation and chemotherapy, immunologic deficits, decreased nutrient intake and anemia.

• #3 Bladder Cancer Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/bladder-cancer/

  Maintain NPO status as prescribed until bowel sounds return. […] Monitor urine flow, which is continuous (30 to 60 mL per hour) following surgery. […] Notify the physician if the urine output is less than 30 mL an hour or if no urine output occurs for more than 15 minutes. […] Monitor urinary output closely and irrigate catheter (if present) gently to prevent obstruction, as prescribed, with 60 mL of NS. […] Monitor for hematuria. […] Monitor for signs of peritonitis. […] Monitor for bladder distention following a partial cystectomy. […] Monitor for shock, hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, and lower extremity lymphedema following a radical cystectomy. […] Monitor the urinary drainage pouch for leaks, and check skin integrity. […] Instruct the client regarding the potential for urinary tract infection or the development of the calculuses.

• #3 Bladder Cancer | Cancer

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/bladder-cancer

  There is no way to completely eliminate your risk of bladder cancer, but these steps can help reduce it: […] Its estimated that smoking may cause half of all bladder cancers. If you smoke, try to quit. […] Drinking plenty of water each day. Staying hydrated helps flush harmful substances out of your bladder. […] Eating a diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables could help prevent some cases of bladder cancer. […] Follow workplace safety practices to avoid unnecessary exposure to chemicals.

• #3

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2014/09000/care_of_the_patient_with_bladder_cancer.9.aspx

  GENERAL PURPOSE: To provide information about bladder cancer and its treatment. […] LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading the article and taking this test, you’ll be able to: 2. Identify treatments and nursing care of the patient with bladder cancer. […] Following administration of BCG, the patient should void and then drink fluids. […] After ileal loop surgery, nursing care should include checking the stoma at least every 4 hours for the first 48 hours. […] Which assessment finding is considered an emergency and needs to be reported to the surgeon? dusky-colored stoma. […] Teach patients who must self-catheterize to use sterile technique.

• #3 Bladder Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/treatment

  Surgery is the main treatment for bladder cancer. […] The types of surgery done to treat bladder cancer are: […] Partial cystectomy is surgery to remove part of the bladder. […] Radical cystectomy is surgery to remove the bladder and any lymph nodes and nearby organs that contain cancer. […] When the bladder must be removed, the surgeon performs a procedure called urinary diversion to create another way for the body to store and pass urine. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] For bladder cancer, chemotherapy may be intravesical, meaning it is put into the bladder through a tube inserted into the urethra.

• #3 Nursing Care Plans for Bladder Cancer ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/11/nursing-care-plans-for-bladder-cancer.html

  Listen to the patients fears and concerns. […] Encourage and maintain bed rest during acute phase, if indicated. […] Administer analgesics, as indicated. […] Anxiety related to underlying Pathophysiology response, change in health status. […] Patient Teaching and Home Health Guidance for Bladder Cancer: In early stages, bladders Cancer have no symptoms. […] Provide complete information about disease, disease process and treatment. […] Following creation of an ileal conduit, teach the patient how to care of the stoma and urinary drainage system. […] Tell the patient to empty the pouch every 2 to 3 hours or when its one-third full. […] Teach the patient to provide stoma care. […] Postoperatively, tell the patient with a urinary stoma to avoid heavy lifting and contact sports.

• #3 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  As a caregiver, you may be involved in some health care tasks that are more typically handled by a nurse, such as administering medication and changing bandages. […] Its hard to watch someone you care about go through the difficult emotions that may arise with a cancer diagnosis, which can range from denial to sadness to anger. […] Support your loved ones treatment decisions. […] Continue your support when your loved ones treatment is over. […] Taking care of a loved one can be a positive experience, but it can also feel like a full-time job, and be very stressful. […] Its important that side effects are reported right away so that your loved ones health care team can help manage them. […] General side effects of bladder cancer treatment can include digestive tract symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite) and fatigue.

• #3 Bladder cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356104

  Getting a cancer diagnosis or worrying that cancer will return can be very stressful. However, there are ways to feel more in control and deal with less stress. Stay on top of your follow-up tests and appointments. Even though they might feel uncomfortable or unpleasant, ultimately, they can empower you and your health. Take care of yourself outside of your appointments. Be good to your body with plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, consistent exercise and the ever important sleep. Be good to your mind. Try different methods to cope with stress, like journaling or meditation. Maybe find a support group of cancer survivors who understand how you’re feeling.

• #3 Bladder Cancer Care | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/bladder-cancer/what-is

  There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing bladder cancer. Do not smoke or use tobacco products. If you do, quit. Try to avoid or minimize exposure to certain chemicals, especially hair dye and diesel fumes. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Limit the amount of fat and cholesterol you consume.

• #3 Living as a Bladder Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bladder-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  People whove had bladder cancer can still get other cancers (known as second cancers). […] Most experts dont recommend any additional testing to look for second cancers in people whove had bladder cancer. […] Like other people, bladder cancer survivors should follow the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer and stay away from tobacco products, which increase the risk of many types of cancer. […] If you had a radical cystectomy and now have a urostomy, you might worry even about everyday activities at first. […] Its normal to have worries and concerns when adjusting to such a major change. […] Bladder cancer treatment can often affect your sex life.

• #3 Bladder Cancer Patient & Carer Experience Survey – Survey Report

  https://worldbladdercancer.org/patient-and-carer-experiences-with-bladder-cancer/

  Nearly half of respondents said that having bladder cancer impacted them financially (severely, to some extent or slightly). This was higher for respondents with advanced/metastatic cancer, and younger bladder cancer patients under the age of 55. […] Carers provided care and support to their spouse/partner or a parent, and most had been doing so for more than a year. Most bladder cancer carers said they were impacted emotionally by caring for or supporting someone with bladder cancer. This included feelings of fear that the person with bladder cancer will relapse, experiencing emotional distress, always placing the needs of the person they were caring for ahead of their own, impact on well-being and more. […] Bladder cancer carers often lacked information on how to care for a person with bladder cancer. Only a fifth found all the information that they needed on caring for someone affected by bladder cancer.

• #3 Nursing care plan for bladder cancer

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-bladder-cancer/

  Bladder cancer is a malignancy of the urinary bladder, and is usually caused by lifestyle or environmental factors. The goal of treatment for bladder cancer is to reduce the impact of the malignancy on the patients quality of life, reduce the risk of progression or recurrence, and offer the best possible outcomes for both short-term and long-term survival. […] The primary outcomes of the nursing care plan should focus on the relief of symptoms, the prevention of complications, and the return of the patient to their normal level of functioning. […] The purpose of the nursing care plan is to maximize the patients quality of life, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of recurrence or progression of bladder cancer. Nurses can achieve this by assessing symptoms, educating patients and their families, providing emotional support, and implementing an appropriate treatment plan.

• #4 Bladder Cancer | Caregiving | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/417-caregiving_for_a_loved_one_with_bladder_cancer

  With intravesical chemotherapy, the most common side effects are bladder irritation and painful urination. […] The side effects of systemic chemotherapy depend on the type and dose of the therapy given and the length of time it is used, and can include: Fatigue, Nausea or vomiting, Hair loss, Increased risk of infection (from having too few white blood cells), Easy bruising or bleeding, Peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in hands and feet). […] Immunotherapy travels through the bloodstream, helping to prompt an immune response. […] Changes to the skin are the most common side effects of radiation therapy. […] Its especially important to contact the health care team if there is any open skin or painful area, as this could be sign of an infection.

• #4 Bladder Cancer Patient & Carer Experience Survey – Survey Report

  https://worldbladdercancer.org/patient-and-carer-experiences-with-bladder-cancer/

  Emotional support should be offered to patients and carers, from initial diagnosis onwards. Over half of respondents were unable to get support for anxiety, depression, and stress despite needing it. Over half of respondents were not offered emotional support to help them cope with their diagnosis, and nearly a third of respondents did not receive enough emotional support throughout their treatment and care experience. This was most prominent in young respondents (under 55). […] Carers often get little support or recognition for the work that they do but are essential for improving patient outcomes. They take on diverse and time-consuming roles and as a result, many put the health of the person they are caring for above their own. There is an urgent need for increased support for carers globally, including providing information on how to care for someone with bladder cancer (especially on how to provide emotional support to the patient), offering paid time off work to fulfill caring responsibilities, and providing access to emotional support to navigate complex emotions that arise due to caring for a person/loved one with cancer.

Zobacz więcej