Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Transient global amnesia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute onset of anterograde amnesia (the inability to form new memories). Patients with TGA frequently ask repetitive questions reflecting disorientation and may have variable inability to recall general or personal information (retrograde amnesia) while the episode lasts. During the episode of TGA, other cognitive functions are normal. Episodes are self-limited, and by definition resolve within 24 hours, with recovery of the symptoms of memory function, except for what happened during the episode. A minority of patients experience a few recurrent episodes. Management is directed at identifying the syndrome, diagnosing and treating other disorders that may present similarly with memory deficits, and reassuring patients and family of the benign prognosis of TGA. […] A single, definite etiology has not been determined, although epidemiologic and imaging data support several putative pathophysiologic processes, including vascular, migraine, epileptic, and psychogenic mechanisms.

• #2 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #3 Transient Global Amnesia (Aftercare Instructions)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/transient-global-amnesia-aftercare-instructions.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden, temporary loss of memory. You may not be able to remember information or experiences from the recent past, or remember new information. For example, you may not know where you are or how you got there. You may not remember information you are told, and you may repeat the same questions. TGA usually goes away within 24 hours. The cause of TGA is unknown. […] Contact your healthcare provider if: […] You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. […] There is no treatment needed for TGA. TGA usually does not cause permanent memory problems. Your risk of having another episode of TGA is low. […] Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

• #4 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history, cognitive evaluation, and physical examination. […] Although, there is no specific treatment for TGA, when alternative diagnoses are suspected, focused investigation, treatment, and secondary prevention should be pursued to address those clinical entities. […] TGA episodes are self-limited, and improvement is noted within 24 hours without any intervention with favorable short- and long-term prognosis. […] The diagnosis of TGA is primarily clinical and can be made if diagnostic criteria, as described by Hodges and Warlow and adapted from Caplan, are fulfilled.

• #5 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  The hallmark of TGA is anterograde amnesia with freshly acquired memories at greatest risk, while long-term memories, self-awareness, and procedural memory, as well as an awareness of what one should know, are typically preserved. […] Helpful in making the diagnosis of TGA is the occurrence of a stressful precipitating event. […] An understanding of the precipitating factors, and diagnostic criteria can focus the investigation and differential diagnosis to more accurately diagnose TGA. […] This case should serve to reinforce the unique presentation of TGA and the different factors that may precipitate an event, as well as the differential diagnosis that the emergency physician must consider to arrive at the diagnosis. […] TGA is commonly misdiagnosed, without adherence to diagnostic criteria, as TIA, complex migraine, and seizures.

• #6 Transient global amnesia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute onset of anterograde amnesia (the inability to form new memories). Patients with TGA frequently ask repetitive questions reflecting disorientation and may have variable inability to recall general or personal information (retrograde amnesia) while the episode lasts. During the episode of TGA, other cognitive functions are normal. Episodes are self-limited, and by definition resolve within 24 hours, with recovery of the symptoms of memory function, except for what happened during the episode. A minority of patients experience a few recurrent episodes. Management is directed at identifying the syndrome, diagnosing and treating other disorders that may present similarly with memory deficits, and reassuring patients and family of the benign prognosis of TGA. […] A single, definite etiology has not been determined, although epidemiologic and imaging data support several putative pathophysiologic processes, including vascular, migraine, epileptic, and psychogenic mechanisms.

• #7 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #8 Amnestic Disorders Nursing Care Plan and Management (Study Guide)

  https://nurseslabs.com/amnestic-disorders/

  Transient global amnesia occurs with confusion or agitation that comes and goes repeatedly over the course of several hours. […] The nursing management of a client with amnestic disorders include the following: […] Assessment of a client with amnestic disorders include: […] Nursing diagnosis for persons with amnestic disorders include: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with amnestic disorders are: […] The nursing interventions for Amnestic disorders are: […] Outcome criteria include: […] Documentation in client with amnestic disorders include:

• #9 CE Activity | Transient Global Amnesia | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/61336

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. These episodes typically last from 1 to 24 hours. […] Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] After participation, learners recognize the characteristic presentation of transient global amnesia, understand the clinical criteria for diagnosis, and incorporate evidence-based management practices for transient global amnesia, emphasizing the condition’s benign nature and the minimal requirement for advanced imaging or therapeutic intervention. […] Assess the typical clinical features of transient global amnesia and the appropriate management approach. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients.

• #10 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21028-transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) causes sudden short-term memory loss that resolves on its own within 24 hours. […] It’s important to seek immediate medical care if you or a loved one experience sudden memory loss to be sure there’s not a more serious underlying cause. […] Your healthcare team will likely recommend staying in the hospital until the amnesia goes away to be sure there isn’t an underlying medical cause and you don’t develop additional symptoms. […] It’s important to take your loved one to the hospital as soon as possible if they’re suddenly unable to form new memories and are asking repeated questions about where they are and what time it is. While it can be frightening, the good news is that transient global amnesia (TGA) is harmless and resolves within 24 hours. However, sudden memory issues could be a sign of a more serious medical condition, so it’s essential to get evaluated by medical professionals.

• #11 Transient global amnesia is scary, usually not dangerous | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/transient-global-amnesia-is-scary-usually-not-dangerous

  Transient global amnesia refers to a sudden episode of temporary memory loss that is sometimes accompanied by confusion. […] Because other serious conditions can share some of the symptoms of an episode of TGA, its important to seek medical attention. […] It is likely that a neurological exam will take place. This will check sensory function, reflexes, gait, balance and coordination. Tests to assess memory and recall also will be performed. […] Although alarming, an episode of TGA is not considered to be dangerous. For most people, its a unique event and is not repeated.

• #12 TGA, though frightening, is considered benign | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/tga-though-frightening-considered-benign

  Your medical team has determined that you experienced what is known as transient global amnesia. It is commonly shortened to TGA. This is a type of memory disturbance that occurs suddenly, and, as the word transient describes, is temporary. Episodes last less than 24 hours and are typically far shorter than that. […] TGA is considered a benign event. It is not a stroke, nor is it a precursor to a stroke. There are no known neurological deficits associated with this condition. […] There is no targeted treatment for TGA. The focus is on supportive care for the duration of the episode. This includes keeping the person safe and comfortable and managing their anxiety. Physical symptoms commonly begin to improve within hours of the onset of TGA, and anterograde memory gradually returns. Once an episode ends, it is uncommon for symptoms to recur.

• #13 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #14 TGA, though frightening, is considered benign | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/tga-though-frightening-considered-benign

  Your medical team has determined that you experienced what is known as transient global amnesia. It is commonly shortened to TGA. This is a type of memory disturbance that occurs suddenly, and, as the word transient describes, is temporary. Episodes last less than 24 hours and are typically far shorter than that. […] TGA is considered a benign event. It is not a stroke, nor is it a precursor to a stroke. There are no known neurological deficits associated with this condition. […] There is no targeted treatment for TGA. The focus is on supportive care for the duration of the episode. This includes keeping the person safe and comfortable and managing their anxiety. Physical symptoms commonly begin to improve within hours of the onset of TGA, and anterograde memory gradually returns. Once an episode ends, it is uncommon for symptoms to recur.

• #15 Transient global amnesia: Psychiatric precipitants, features, and comorbidities | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/currentpsychiatry/article/262068/neurology/transient-global-amnesia-psychiatric-precipitants/page/0/4

  Understanding how TGA overlaps with psychiatric conditions can help influence treatment. […] Five hours after the onset of Ms. A’s symptoms, the treatment team initiates oral lorazepam 1 mg. One hour after taking lorazepam, Ms. A’s anterograde and retrograde amnesia improve. […] She feels safe, states a clear plan for self-care, and is discharged in the care of her partner. […] Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an episode of anterograde, and possibly retrograde, amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] TGA has many established psychiatric risk factors and features—some of which may resemble conversion disorder—but these may only apply to a particular subset of patients, which reflects the heterogeneity of the condition.

• #16 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #17 Transient Global Amnesia | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/transient-global-amnesia

  There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Find healthy ways to deal with stress. Regular exercise is a good way to manage stress. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #18 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.transient-global-amnesia-tga-care-instructions.bo1030

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare type of amnesia that causes sudden memory loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #19 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #20 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #21 Transient Global Amnesia Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/transient-global-amnesia-2488851

  TGA itself requires no treatment, as the episode will usually pass within 24 hours. […] It is not uncommon to hospitalize someone for TGA, however, in order to ensure that a more serious problem isn’t causing the symptoms. […] For example, while there is no specific treatment, patients might receive thiamine to exclude Wernicke’s encephalopathy, a type of memory loss due to insufficient levels of the vitamin thiamine. […] The differential diagnosis includes seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe. […] For this reason, getting an electroencephalogram (EEG) is a good idea, though a normal EEG does not exclude the possibility of subtle seizure activity too deep to be detected by the scalp electrodes. […] If there is a high concern for seizure, prolonged EEG may be advisable, preferably one that captures a period of sleep.

• #22 Transient Global Amnesia Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/transient-global-amnesia-2488851

  A transient ischemic attack or stroke can imitate TGA, though this is uncommon without other symptoms such as weakness or numbness. […] An MRI may be used to exclude this possibility, especially if someone has serious vascular risk factors such as diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure or smoking. […] Other serious things to be considered with TGA include low blood sugar, alcohol or drug use or withdrawal, encephalitis, or delirium, though these cases usually present with a less specific confusion rather than just memory loss.

• #23 Transient Global Amnesia Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/transient-global-amnesia-2488851

  TGA itself requires no treatment, as the episode will usually pass within 24 hours. […] It is not uncommon to hospitalize someone for TGA, however, in order to ensure that a more serious problem isn’t causing the symptoms. […] For example, while there is no specific treatment, patients might receive thiamine to exclude Wernicke’s encephalopathy, a type of memory loss due to insufficient levels of the vitamin thiamine. […] The differential diagnosis includes seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe. […] For this reason, getting an electroencephalogram (EEG) is a good idea, though a normal EEG does not exclude the possibility of subtle seizure activity too deep to be detected by the scalp electrodes. […] If there is a high concern for seizure, prolonged EEG may be advisable, preferably one that captures a period of sleep.

• #24 Transient Global Amnesia Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/transient-global-amnesia-2488851

  A transient ischemic attack or stroke can imitate TGA, though this is uncommon without other symptoms such as weakness or numbness. […] An MRI may be used to exclude this possibility, especially if someone has serious vascular risk factors such as diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure or smoking. […] Other serious things to be considered with TGA include low blood sugar, alcohol or drug use or withdrawal, encephalitis, or delirium, though these cases usually present with a less specific confusion rather than just memory loss.

• #25 Transient global amnesia is scary, usually not dangerous | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/transient-global-amnesia-is-scary-usually-not-dangerous

  Transient global amnesia refers to a sudden episode of temporary memory loss that is sometimes accompanied by confusion. […] Because other serious conditions can share some of the symptoms of an episode of TGA, its important to seek medical attention. […] It is likely that a neurological exam will take place. This will check sensory function, reflexes, gait, balance and coordination. Tests to assess memory and recall also will be performed. […] Although alarming, an episode of TGA is not considered to be dangerous. For most people, its a unique event and is not repeated.

• #26 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #27 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.transient-global-amnesia-tga-care-instructions.bo1030

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare type of amnesia that causes sudden memory loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #28 Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University – Appalachian Student Research Forum: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Sexual Intercourse

  https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2023/schedule/134/

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a condition associated with temporary anterograde amnesia with or without retrograde amnesia, often resolving within 24 hours. It is mostly prevalent in elderly women with a mean age of 60-65 years and may be triggered by acute stressors like emotional trauma, strenuous exercise, Valsalva maneuver, sudden change in body temperature, intense pain, medical procedures, and sexual intercourse. […] The patient was diagnosed with TGA and was observed overnight with supportive care. […] Patients need to be admitted for observation until the amnesia resolves. Neuroimaging helps rule out serious pathologies and EEG may be considered in patients with high clinical suspicion for seizure. No specific intervention is required, and the patient and their families must be reassured that the condition is benign and usually does not recur.

• #29 Transient Global Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia is typically managed by reassurance and avoidance of triggers such as physical or emotional stressors that may have led to the episode. […] The interventions recommended for transient global amnesia include reassurance, avoidance of triggers, and management of any underlying condition that may be contributing to the episode. […] There are no specific medications prescribed for transient global amnesia as it is not a condition but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. However, medications may be prescribed to manage any underlying conditions that may have caused the episode. […] The effective treatment for transient global amnesia depends on the underlying condition that causes the episode. It is essential to identify and manage any underlying conditions to prevent further episodes of transient global amnesia.

• #30 Transient Global Amnesia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1160964-treatment

  Once transient global amnesia (TGA) is diagnosed, provide reassurance to the patient and schedule at least one follow-up visit with a neurologist. […] Avoid activities that could produce an unusual increase in intrathoracic pressure.

• #31 Transient Global Amnesia Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1160964-treatment

  Once transient global amnesia (TGA) is diagnosed, provide reassurance to the patient and schedule at least one follow-up visit with a neurologist. […] Avoid activities that could produce an unusual increase in intrathoracic pressure.

• #32

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=bo1030

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It is also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #33 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.transient-global-amnesia-tga-care-instructions.bo1030

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare type of amnesia that causes sudden memory loss. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #34 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA): Care Instructions

  https://communityhealthnetworkib.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Encyclopedia/216,bo1030

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #35 Transient Global Amnesia | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/transient-global-amnesia

  There is no treatment for TGA. Expect your symptoms to go away with time. […] Take good care of yourself. Eat a healthy diet. Get plenty of rest. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Find healthy ways to deal with stress. Regular exercise is a good way to manage stress. […] Talk to your doctor if you have questions about TGA. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #36 Transient Global Amnesia (Aftercare Instructions)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/transient-global-amnesia-aftercare-instructions.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden, temporary loss of memory. You may not be able to remember information or experiences from the recent past, or remember new information. For example, you may not know where you are or how you got there. You may not remember information you are told, and you may repeat the same questions. TGA usually goes away within 24 hours. The cause of TGA is unknown. […] Contact your healthcare provider if: […] You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. […] There is no treatment needed for TGA. TGA usually does not cause permanent memory problems. Your risk of having another episode of TGA is low. […] Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

• #37 CE Activity | Transient Global Amnesia | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/61336

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. These episodes typically last from 1 to 24 hours. […] Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] After participation, learners recognize the characteristic presentation of transient global amnesia, understand the clinical criteria for diagnosis, and incorporate evidence-based management practices for transient global amnesia, emphasizing the condition’s benign nature and the minimal requirement for advanced imaging or therapeutic intervention. […] Assess the typical clinical features of transient global amnesia and the appropriate management approach. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients.

• #38 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #39 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #40 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is relatively common in emergency medicine practice settings, making recognition and understanding of its typical clinical features crucial. […] This activity reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and long-term prognosis of patients with transient global amnesia, highlighting the role of interprofessional team members in collaborating to provide well-coordinated care for affected patients. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional team, including neurologists, primary care physicians, and nurses, to provide comprehensive care for TGA patients. […] Treatment for transient global amnesia primarily involves supportive care and reassurance, as no specific therapy is required or available. […] Nurses provide continuous monitoring and patient education, whereas pharmacists ensure medication safety and efficacy. […] The healthcare team must educate caregivers and patients about the benign nature of the disorder. […] The interprofessional team can enhance patient-centered care, promote favorable outcomes, ensure patient safety, and optimize team performance in managing patients with transient global amnesia.

• #41 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #42

  https://www.pagepressjournals.org/ecj/article/view/8217

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by reversible anterograde amnesia, in which the patient is alert, self-awareness appears intact and other neurological symptoms are absent. […] In conclusion, TGA is a benign pathology with a low probability of relapse. Accordingly, management in Emergency Department should be based on a correct initial clinical classification for rapid discharge.

• #43 Transient Global Amnesia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0100/p50.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by anterograde amnesia, mild retrograde amnesia, and confusion up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but recent studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. […] If the diagnosis of TGA is certain, only supportive treatment is indicated. […] Most patients presenting with TGA will recover within six hours and do not require imaging if they fit the diagnostic criteria. […] If the presentation is clear and the diagnosis is not in question, no specific intervention is necessary other than reassurance. […] The prognosis of TGA is uniformly good. Population-based studies do not demonstrate an increased risk of cerebrovascular accident after an episode of TGA.

• #44 TGA, though frightening, is considered benign | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/tga-though-frightening-considered-benign

  Your medical team has determined that you experienced what is known as transient global amnesia. It is commonly shortened to TGA. This is a type of memory disturbance that occurs suddenly, and, as the word transient describes, is temporary. Episodes last less than 24 hours and are typically far shorter than that. […] TGA is considered a benign event. It is not a stroke, nor is it a precursor to a stroke. There are no known neurological deficits associated with this condition. […] There is no targeted treatment for TGA. The focus is on supportive care for the duration of the episode. This includes keeping the person safe and comfortable and managing their anxiety. Physical symptoms commonly begin to improve within hours of the onset of TGA, and anterograde memory gradually returns. Once an episode ends, it is uncommon for symptoms to recur.

• #45 Transient Global Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/transient-global-amnesia

  Transient global amnesia is typically managed by reassurance and avoidance of triggers such as physical or emotional stressors that may have led to the episode. […] The interventions recommended for transient global amnesia include reassurance, avoidance of triggers, and management of any underlying condition that may be contributing to the episode. […] There are no specific medications prescribed for transient global amnesia as it is not a condition but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. However, medications may be prescribed to manage any underlying conditions that may have caused the episode. […] The effective treatment for transient global amnesia depends on the underlying condition that causes the episode. It is essential to identify and manage any underlying conditions to prevent further episodes of transient global amnesia.

• #46

  https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5200

  Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, often accompanied by repetitive questioning, lasting up to 24 hours with complete resolution and no other neurological deficits. […] This case series highlights the link between cold water immersion during sea swimming and transient global amnesia. […] Clinicians should be aware of this potential trigger when evaluating patients with acute onset amnesia, especially in coastal areas.

• #47 Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University – Appalachian Student Research Forum: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Sexual Intercourse

  https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2023/schedule/134/

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a condition associated with temporary anterograde amnesia with or without retrograde amnesia, often resolving within 24 hours. It is mostly prevalent in elderly women with a mean age of 60-65 years and may be triggered by acute stressors like emotional trauma, strenuous exercise, Valsalva maneuver, sudden change in body temperature, intense pain, medical procedures, and sexual intercourse. […] The patient was diagnosed with TGA and was observed overnight with supportive care. […] Patients need to be admitted for observation until the amnesia resolves. Neuroimaging helps rule out serious pathologies and EEG may be considered in patients with high clinical suspicion for seizure. No specific intervention is required, and the patient and their families must be reassured that the condition is benign and usually does not recur.

• #48

  https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5200

  Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, often accompanied by repetitive questioning, lasting up to 24 hours with complete resolution and no other neurological deficits. […] This case series highlights the link between cold water immersion during sea swimming and transient global amnesia. […] Clinicians should be aware of this potential trigger when evaluating patients with acute onset amnesia, especially in coastal areas.

• #49 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history, cognitive evaluation, and physical examination. […] Although, there is no specific treatment for TGA, when alternative diagnoses are suspected, focused investigation, treatment, and secondary prevention should be pursued to address those clinical entities. […] TGA episodes are self-limited, and improvement is noted within 24 hours without any intervention with favorable short- and long-term prognosis. […] The diagnosis of TGA is primarily clinical and can be made if diagnostic criteria, as described by Hodges and Warlow and adapted from Caplan, are fulfilled.

• #50 Transient global amnesia: Psychiatric precipitants, features, and comorbidities | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/currentpsychiatry/article/262068/neurology/transient-global-amnesia-psychiatric-precipitants/page/0/4

  Understanding how TGA overlaps with psychiatric conditions can help influence treatment. […] Five hours after the onset of Ms. A’s symptoms, the treatment team initiates oral lorazepam 1 mg. One hour after taking lorazepam, Ms. A’s anterograde and retrograde amnesia improve. […] She feels safe, states a clear plan for self-care, and is discharged in the care of her partner. […] Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an episode of anterograde, and possibly retrograde, amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] TGA has many established psychiatric risk factors and features—some of which may resemble conversion disorder—but these may only apply to a particular subset of patients, which reflects the heterogeneity of the condition.

• #51 Transient global amnesia: Psychiatric precipitants, features, and comorbidities | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/currentpsychiatry/article/262068/neurology/transient-global-amnesia-psychiatric-precipitants/page/0/4

  Understanding how TGA overlaps with psychiatric conditions can help influence treatment. […] Five hours after the onset of Ms. A’s symptoms, the treatment team initiates oral lorazepam 1 mg. One hour after taking lorazepam, Ms. A’s anterograde and retrograde amnesia improve. […] She feels safe, states a clear plan for self-care, and is discharged in the care of her partner. […] Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an episode of anterograde, and possibly retrograde, amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] TGA has many established psychiatric risk factors and features—some of which may resemble conversion disorder—but these may only apply to a particular subset of patients, which reflects the heterogeneity of the condition.

• #52 Transient global amnesia: Psychiatric precipitants, features, and comorbidities | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/currentpsychiatry/article/262068/neurology/transient-global-amnesia-psychiatric-precipitants/page/0/4

  Understanding how TGA overlaps with psychiatric conditions can help influence treatment. […] Five hours after the onset of Ms. A’s symptoms, the treatment team initiates oral lorazepam 1 mg. One hour after taking lorazepam, Ms. A’s anterograde and retrograde amnesia improve. […] She feels safe, states a clear plan for self-care, and is discharged in the care of her partner. […] Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an episode of anterograde, and possibly retrograde, amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] TGA has many established psychiatric risk factors and features—some of which may resemble conversion disorder—but these may only apply to a particular subset of patients, which reflects the heterogeneity of the condition.

• #53 Transient global amnesia: Psychiatric precipitants, features, and comorbidities | MDedge

  https://www.mdedge.com/currentpsychiatry/article/262068/neurology/transient-global-amnesia-psychiatric-precipitants/page/0/4

  Understanding how TGA overlaps with psychiatric conditions can help influence treatment. […] Five hours after the onset of Ms. A’s symptoms, the treatment team initiates oral lorazepam 1 mg. One hour after taking lorazepam, Ms. A’s anterograde and retrograde amnesia improve. […] She feels safe, states a clear plan for self-care, and is discharged in the care of her partner. […] Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an episode of anterograde, and possibly retrograde, amnesia that lasts up to 24 hours. […] TGA has many established psychiatric risk factors and features—some of which may resemble conversion disorder—but these may only apply to a particular subset of patients, which reflects the heterogeneity of the condition.

• #54 Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University – Appalachian Student Research Forum: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Sexual Intercourse

  https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2023/schedule/134/

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a condition associated with temporary anterograde amnesia with or without retrograde amnesia, often resolving within 24 hours. It is mostly prevalent in elderly women with a mean age of 60-65 years and may be triggered by acute stressors like emotional trauma, strenuous exercise, Valsalva maneuver, sudden change in body temperature, intense pain, medical procedures, and sexual intercourse. […] The patient was diagnosed with TGA and was observed overnight with supportive care. […] Patients need to be admitted for observation until the amnesia resolves. Neuroimaging helps rule out serious pathologies and EEG may be considered in patients with high clinical suspicion for seizure. No specific intervention is required, and the patient and their families must be reassured that the condition is benign and usually does not recur.

• #55 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history, cognitive evaluation, and physical examination. […] Although, there is no specific treatment for TGA, when alternative diagnoses are suspected, focused investigation, treatment, and secondary prevention should be pursued to address those clinical entities. […] TGA episodes are self-limited, and improvement is noted within 24 hours without any intervention with favorable short- and long-term prognosis. […] The diagnosis of TGA is primarily clinical and can be made if diagnostic criteria, as described by Hodges and Warlow and adapted from Caplan, are fulfilled.

• #56

  https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5200

  Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, often accompanied by repetitive questioning, lasting up to 24 hours with complete resolution and no other neurological deficits. […] This case series highlights the link between cold water immersion during sea swimming and transient global amnesia. […] Clinicians should be aware of this potential trigger when evaluating patients with acute onset amnesia, especially in coastal areas.

• #57 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours. […] The diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history, cognitive evaluation, and physical examination. […] Although, there is no specific treatment for TGA, when alternative diagnoses are suspected, focused investigation, treatment, and secondary prevention should be pursued to address those clinical entities. […] TGA episodes are self-limited, and improvement is noted within 24 hours without any intervention with favorable short- and long-term prognosis. […] The diagnosis of TGA is primarily clinical and can be made if diagnostic criteria, as described by Hodges and Warlow and adapted from Caplan, are fulfilled.

• #58 Transient Global Amnesia – Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala, dan Tata Laksana | AI Care

  https://ai-care.id/neurological-disorders/transient-global-amnesia-en-en

  Transient amnesia causes a sudden inability to form new memories in conscious individuals. […] If a patient is definitively diagnosed with transient amnesia, typically no specific therapy is administered because the patient’s condition will improve on its own. The treatment provided is generally supportive to address the patient’s symptoms at the time. Patients are observed in the hospital until their memory disturbance improves. […] It is advisable to see a doctor if a family member experiences sudden confusion and inability to recall recent events, regardless of whether there is a history of head injury. You can visit a neurology specialist for further consultation regarding this condition.

• #59 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  The hallmark of TGA is anterograde amnesia with freshly acquired memories at greatest risk, while long-term memories, self-awareness, and procedural memory, as well as an awareness of what one should know, are typically preserved. […] Helpful in making the diagnosis of TGA is the occurrence of a stressful precipitating event. […] An understanding of the precipitating factors, and diagnostic criteria can focus the investigation and differential diagnosis to more accurately diagnose TGA. […] This case should serve to reinforce the unique presentation of TGA and the different factors that may precipitate an event, as well as the differential diagnosis that the emergency physician must consider to arrive at the diagnosis. […] TGA is commonly misdiagnosed, without adherence to diagnostic criteria, as TIA, complex migraine, and seizures.

• #60 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  The hallmark of TGA is anterograde amnesia with freshly acquired memories at greatest risk, while long-term memories, self-awareness, and procedural memory, as well as an awareness of what one should know, are typically preserved. […] Helpful in making the diagnosis of TGA is the occurrence of a stressful precipitating event. […] An understanding of the precipitating factors, and diagnostic criteria can focus the investigation and differential diagnosis to more accurately diagnose TGA. […] This case should serve to reinforce the unique presentation of TGA and the different factors that may precipitate an event, as well as the differential diagnosis that the emergency physician must consider to arrive at the diagnosis. […] TGA is commonly misdiagnosed, without adherence to diagnostic criteria, as TIA, complex migraine, and seizures.

• #61 Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis – The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine

  https://westjem.com/case-report/temporary-memory-steal-transient-global-amnesia-secondary-to-nephrolithiasis.html

  The hallmark of TGA is anterograde amnesia with freshly acquired memories at greatest risk, while long-term memories, self-awareness, and procedural memory, as well as an awareness of what one should know, are typically preserved. […] Helpful in making the diagnosis of TGA is the occurrence of a stressful precipitating event. […] An understanding of the precipitating factors, and diagnostic criteria can focus the investigation and differential diagnosis to more accurately diagnose TGA. […] This case should serve to reinforce the unique presentation of TGA and the different factors that may precipitate an event, as well as the differential diagnosis that the emergency physician must consider to arrive at the diagnosis. […] TGA is commonly misdiagnosed, without adherence to diagnostic criteria, as TIA, complex migraine, and seizures.

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