Ospa wietrzna
Etiologia i przyczyny

Ospa wietrzna (varicella) jest wysoce zakaźną chorobą wirusową wywoływaną przez Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), członka rodziny Herpesviridae, charakteryzującym się zdolnością do pozostawania w stanie latentnym w zwojach nerwowych i reaktywacji jako półpasiec. Zakażenie przebiega przez wniknięcie wirusa przez błony śluzowe górnych dróg oddechowych, namnażanie w regionalnych węzłach chłonnych, a następnie dwie fazy wiremii – pierwotną (2-6 dni) i wtórną (10-12 dni), podczas której pojawia się charakterystyczna wysypka pęcherzykowa. Okres inkubacji wynosi 10-21 dni, a gorączka może sięgać 38,9°C (102°F). Zakaźność rozpoczyna się 1-2 dni przed wysypką i trwa do momentu pokrycia wszystkich pęcherzyków strupami. Ryzyko zachorowania jest największe u osób bez odporności, w tym niezaszczepionych i nigdy nie chorujących na ospę, a także u osób z obniżoną odpornością, kobiet ciężarnych i noworodków, u których przebieg choroby może być ciężki i powikłany. Powikłania obejmują wtórne zakażenia bakteryjne, zapalenie płuc, encefalitis, zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych oraz zespół Reye’a.

Etiologia ospy wietrznej

Ospa wietrzna (łac. varicella) jest chorobą zakaźną wywoływaną przez wirus ospy wietrznej i półpaśca (Varicella-zoster virus, VZV), znany również jako ludzki herpeswirus typu 3 (Human herpesvirus 3). Należy on do rodziny herpeswirusów (Herpesviridae)12. Jest to wirus DNA, który charakteryzuje się zdolnością do wywoływania zarówno pierwotnej infekcji (ospy wietrznej), jak i reaktywacji w późniejszym okresie życia w postaci półpaśca (herpes zoster)34.

Charakterystyka wirusa VZV

Wirus ospy wietrznej i półpaśca jest wirusem otoczkowym zawierającym dwuniciowe DNA5. VZV ma zdolność do powodowania dwóch klinicznie odrębnych zespołów chorobowych: ospy wietrznej, występującej głównie przy pierwotnym zakażeniu u osób bez odporności, oraz półpaśca, który jest wynikiem reaktywacji latentnej infekcji6. Unikalna cecha tego wirusa polega na tym, że po pierwotnym zakażeniu pozostaje on w uśpieniu w komórkach nerwowych przez całe życie gospodarza78.

Patogeneza zakażenia

Proces zakażenia wirusem ospy wietrznej przebiega w kilku etapach910:

  1. Wirus wnika do organizmu głównie przez błony śluzowe górnych dróg oddechowych11.
  2. Po wniknięciu, VZV przemieszcza się do regionalnych węzłów chłonnych, gdzie rozpoczyna się jego namnażanie12.
  3. Po 2-6 dniach wirus przedostaje się do krwiobiegu, powodując pierwotną wiremię13.
  4. Następnie wirus rozprzestrzenia się do narządów wewnętrznych, takich jak wątroba i śledziona14.
  5. Po 10-12 dniach dochodzi do wtórnej wiremii, podczas której pojawiają się charakterystyczne zmiany pęcherzykowe na skórze15.
  6. W trakcie zakażenia pierwotnego VZV przedostaje się z zakażonych obszarów skóry i błon śluzowych do lokalnych nerwów czuciowych16.

Po ustąpieniu ostrej fazy zakażenia, wirus wnika do komórek zwojów czuciowych przy kręgosłupie lub u podstawy czaszki, gdzie pozostaje w stanie latentnym1718. Ten mechanizm odpowiada za możliwość późniejszej reaktywacji wirusa i wystąpienia półpaśca19.

Drogi transmisji wirusa

Ospa wietrzna jest chorobą wysoce zakaźną, która może rozprzestrzeniać się różnymi drogami2021:

  • Drogą kropelkową – gdy osoba zakażona kaszle, kicha lub mówi, uwalnia do powietrza drobne kropelki zawierające wirusa, które mogą być wdychane przez inne osoby2223.
  • Przez bezpośredni kontakt z wysypką – płyn z pęcherzyków zawiera wysokie miano wirusa i może być źródłem zakażenia2425.
  • Przez kontakt z przedmiotami zanieczyszczonymi wydzieliną z pęcherzyków26.

Osoba zakażona staje się zakaźna na 1-2 dni przed pojawieniem się wysypki i pozostaje zakaźna do momentu, gdy wszystkie pęcherzyki pokryją się strupami2728. Ten okres maksymalnej zakaźności przypada na 12-24 godziny przed pojawieniem się wysypki29.

Czynniki ryzyka zachorowania

Istnieje kilka czynników zwiększających ryzyko zachorowania na ospę wietrzną3031:

Brak odporności

Głównym czynnikiem ryzyka jest brak odporności przeciwko wirusowi VZV32. Ryzyko zachorowania jest znacznie wyższe u osób, które:

  • Nigdy nie chorowały na ospę wietrzną33.
  • Nie zostały zaszczepione przeciwko ospie wietrznej3435.

U osób, które przebyły ospę wietrzną lub zostały zaszczepione, rozwija się odporność immunologiczna, która chroni przed ponownym zachorowaniem36. Przeciwciała IgG utrzymują się przez całe życie i zapewniają ochronę37.

Grupy ryzyka ciężkiego przebiegu

Chociaż ospa wietrzna zazwyczaj jest chorobą o łagodnym przebiegu, szczególnie u dzieci, niektóre grupy osób są narażone na ciężki przebieg i powikłania3839:

  • Osoby dorosłe – przebieg ospy wietrznej jest zazwyczaj cięższy u dorosłych niż u dzieci4041.
  • Kobiety ciężarne – zakażenie VZV podczas ciąży może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań zarówno u matki, jak i u płodu4243.
  • Noworodki – zakażenie okołoporodowe może prowadzić do ciężkiej, uogólnionej ospy wietrznej noworodków4445.
  • Osoby z obniżoną odpornością – pacjenci z chorobami nowotworowymi, po przeszczepach, przyjmujący leki immunosupresyjne lub z AIDS mają zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju ciężkich form ospy wietrznej4647.

Sezonowe i środowiskowe czynniki ryzyka

Zachorowalność na ospę wietrzną wykazuje zmienność sezonową48:

  • Szczyt zachorowań przypada na późną zimę i wczesną wiosnę49.
  • Przebywanie w zatłoczonych miejscach (np. przedszkola, szkoły) zwiększa ryzyko zakażenia50.
  • Bezpośredni kontakt z osobą chorą na ospę wietrzną lub półpasiec zwiększa ryzyko zakażenia o 70-80% u osób nieposiadających odporności51.

Implikacje kliniczne

Zrozumienie etiologii ospy wietrznej ma istotne znaczenie dla praktyki klinicznej5253:

Obraz kliniczny

Ospa wietrzna manifestuje się charakterystycznymi objawami5455:

  • Okres inkubacji wynosi 10-21 dni od momentu ekspozycji56.
  • Pierwsze objawy to gorączka do 102°F (38,9°C), zmęczenie, brak apetytu i ból głowy5758.
  • Charakterystyczna wysypka pojawia się w formie czerwonych plamek, które przekształcają się w swędzące pęcherzyki wypełnione płynem, a następnie pokrywają się strupami59.
  • Wysypka zazwyczaj rozpoczyna się na tułowiu i twarzy, a następnie rozprzestrzenia się na całe ciało60.

Powikłania

Pomimo że ospa wietrzna zazwyczaj przebiega łagodnie, może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań6162:

  • Wtórne zakażenia bakteryjne skóry, tkanek miękkich, stawów lub kości6364.
  • Zapalenie płuc (wirusowe lub bakteryjne)6566.
  • Zapalenie mózgu (encephalitis)6768.
  • Zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych69.
  • Problemy z nerkami70.
  • Zespół Reye’a (rzadkie, ale poważne powikłanie u dzieci przyjmujących aspirynę)71.

Przed wprowadzeniem powszechnych szczepień przeciwko ospie wietrznej, każdego roku w USA około 10 600 osób było hospitalizowanych, a 100-150 umierało w wyniku powikłań tej choroby72.

Odrębności w przebiegu u różnych grup pacjentów

Przebieg ospy wietrznej może się znacząco różnić w zależności od wieku i stanu immunologicznego pacjenta7374:

  • U zdrowych dzieci choroba zazwyczaj przebiega łagodnie, z gorączką utrzymującą się przez 2-3 dni oraz różnym nasileniem wysypki i świądu75.
  • U zdrowych dorosłych choroba jest zwykle cięższa i bardziej przedłużona76.
  • U osób z obniżoną odpornością może rozwinąć się ciężka postać ospy wietrznej z wysoką gorączką, rozległą wysypką pęcherzykową, wysokim odsetkiem powikłań i przedłużonym przebiegiem choroby77.

Ospa wietrzna w ciąży

Szczególnie niebezpieczne jest zakażenie VZV podczas ciąży7879:

  • U kobiet ciężarnych ospa wietrzna może prowadzić do zapalenia płuc i innych powikłań zagrażających życiu8081.
  • Zakażenie w pierwszym lub wczesnym drugim trymestrze ciąży może prowadzić do zespołu ospy wietrznej wrodzonej (congenital varicella syndrome) z takimi wadami jak: blizny skórne, problemy z oczami, uszkodzenia mózgu, nieprawidłowości kończyn8283.
  • Zakażenie w okresie okołoporodowym (od 5 dni przed do 2 dni po porodzie) może skutkować ospą wietrzną noworodków (neonatal varicella), która może mieć ciężki, zagrażający życiu przebieg8485.

Zapobieganie ospie wietrznej

Najskuteczniejszą metodą zapobiegania ospie wietrznej jest szczepienie8687:

Szczepionka przeciwko ospie wietrznej

Szczepionka przeciwko ospie wietrznej (szczepionka przeciwko varicella) zawiera osłabioną wersję wirusa VZV8889:

  • Szczepionka jest zalecana dla wszystkich dzieci, które nie przebyły ospy wietrznej90.
  • Zalecany schemat to dwie dawki szczepionki: pierwsza w wieku 12-15 miesięcy, druga w wieku 4-6 lat91.
  • Szczepienie jest również zalecane dorosłym, którzy nie chorowali na ospę wietrzną ani nie zostali zaszczepieni92.
  • Szczególnie rekomendowane jest szczepianie osób pracujących w ochronie zdrowia, edukacji dzieci, opiece nad dziećmi i placówkach opieki długoterminowej93.

Skuteczność szczepionki jest wysoka – jedna dawka jest skuteczna w 82% przypadków, a dwie dawki w 92% przypadków94. Nawet jeśli osoba zaszczepiona zachoruje, przebieg choroby jest zwykle łagodniejszy95.

Wpływ szczepień na epidemiologię ospy wietrznej

Wprowadzenie powszechnych szczepień przeciwko ospie wietrznej przyniosło znaczące korzyści dla zdrowia publicznego9697:

  • Znaczne zmniejszenie częstości występowania ospy wietrznej98.
  • Ograniczenie krążenia wirusa w populacji99.
  • Wzrost ochrony populacyjnej100.
  • Zmniejszenie liczby hospitalizacji i zgonów związanych z ospą wietrzną101.

Utrzymanie wysokiego poziomu wyszczepialności przeciwko ospie wietrznej w społeczności jest kluczowe dla kontrolowania rozprzestrzeniania się choroby102.

Związek z półpaścem

Szczepienie przeciwko ospie wietrznej wpływa również na epidemiologię półpaśca103:

  • Osoby, które otrzymały szczepionkę przeciwko ospie wietrznej, mają znacznie mniejsze ryzyko rozwoju półpaśca w porównaniu do osób, które przebyły naturalną ospę wietrzną104.
  • Szczepionka zawiera osłabioną wersję wirusa VZV, która nie ulega reaktywacji tak łatwo jak wirus dziki105.

Ten aspekt stanowi dodatkową korzyść ze szczepień przeciwko ospie wietrznej, ponieważ zapobiega nie tylko pierwotnej infekcji, ale również późniejszym powikłaniom związanym z reaktywacją wirusa106.

Podsumowanie

Ospa wietrzna jest wysoce zakaźną chorobą wywoływaną przez wirus varicella-zoster (VZV). Patogen ten wykazuje unikalne właściwości biologiczne, w tym zdolność do pozostawania w stanie latentnym w komórkach nerwowych po pierwotnym zakażeniu i możliwość reaktywacji w postaci półpaśca107108.

Zakażenie rozprzestrzenia się głównie drogą kropelkową oraz przez kontakt z wysypką, a osoba zakażona jest najbardziej zakaźna tuż przed i w początkowym okresie występowania wysypki109. Głównym czynnikiem ryzyka zachorowania jest brak odporności nabytej w wyniku wcześniejszego zakażenia lub szczepienia110.

Chociaż u większości dzieci ospa wietrzna przebiega łagodnie, może prowadzić do poważnych powikłań, szczególnie u osób dorosłych, kobiet ciężarnych i osób z obniżoną odpornością111112. Najskuteczniejszą metodą zapobiegania ospie wietrznej jest szczepienie, które znacząco zmniejszyło częstość występowania tej choroby oraz związanych z nią hospitalizacji i zgonów113114.

Zrozumienie etiologii ospy wietrznej jest kluczowe dla skutecznej diagnostyki, leczenia i zapobiegania tej chorobie zakaźnej, która mimo dostępności skutecznej szczepionki nadal stanowi istotny problem zdrowia publicznego115.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #2 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes shingles. […] Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is in the herpesvirus family. […] Varicella-zoster virus is often categorized with the other common so-called „viral exanthems” (viral rashes) such as measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), fifth disease (parvovirus B19), mumps virus, and roseola (human herpesvirus 6), but these viruses are unrelated except for their tendency to cause rashes. […] The risk factors for chickenpox are not having immunity against chickenpox by infection or vaccination and exposure to a person with chickenpox or shingles. […] Chickenpox is very highly contagious. […] The infected person is contagious for up to five days (most often, one to two days) before and five days after the rash appears.
  • #3 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV): Infection & Diseases
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/varicella-zoster-virus
    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a type of herpes virus that causes chickenpox, shingles and other infections. […] Varicella-zoster (VZV) is a virus that causes chickenpox, shingles and other illnesses. […] Once you’re infected with varicella-zoster, it stays in your nerve cells, even after you’ve recovered from an illness. […] The first time you’re exposed to varicella-zoster (primary infection), it usually infects your respiratory tract. […] After you recover from chickenpox, VZV moves into your nerves. […] During a primary infection with varicella-zoster (chickenpox), the virus spreads through coughing, sneezing and contact with the rash. […] Varicella-zoster is the virus that causes both chickenpox and shingles. […] A primary infection with VZV causes chickenpox and reactivation of the virus causes shingles (and, rarely, other infections like meningitis).
  • #4 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #5 Understanding Chicken Pox: Causes, Types and Treatment
    https://www.parashospitals.com/blogs/understanding-chicken-pox-causes-types-and-treatment
    Chickenpox, or varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily impacts children but can also occur in adults as well. The disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus also stands for VZC, which belongs to the herpesvirus family. […] The primary cause of chickenpox is the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the Herpesviridae family. VZV is a double stranded DNA virus which can remain dormant in the body for years after initial infection. […] The metamorphosis of chickenpox begins when the varicella-zoster enters the body primarily through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lymph nodes where it begins to multiply. From there onwards, it enters the bloodstream and spreads to various parts of the body which includes the skin which causes the appearance of vesicular rash.
  • #6 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #7 Chickenpox (Varicella) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chicken-pox.html
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] After someone has had chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (resting) in the nervous system for the rest of their life. […] The virus can reactivate („wake up”) later as shingles.
  • #8 A Viral Journey: From Chickenpox to Shingles | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
    https://www.wakehealth.edu/stories/from-chickenpox-to-shingles
    The virus that causes chickenpox, the Varicella Zoster virus, lives on for years after the spots heal up, lying dormant in the nerves along the back. […] The virus dormant phase is not well understood. Varicella Zoster is part of the herpes family, the viruses responsible for cold sores and genital herpes. After a case of chickenpox, the body’s immune system eliminates the virus in most of the body, but some lodge in the nerves adjacent to the spinal cord or at the base of the skull. […] The virus generally lies dormant for 50 or 60 years until some stressor triggers a flare-up of shingles.
  • #9 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #10 Understanding Chicken Pox: Causes, Types and Treatment
    https://www.parashospitals.com/blogs/understanding-chicken-pox-causes-types-and-treatment
    Chickenpox, or varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily impacts children but can also occur in adults as well. The disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus also stands for VZC, which belongs to the herpesvirus family. […] The primary cause of chickenpox is the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the Herpesviridae family. VZV is a double stranded DNA virus which can remain dormant in the body for years after initial infection. […] The metamorphosis of chickenpox begins when the varicella-zoster enters the body primarily through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract before spreading to the lymph nodes where it begins to multiply. From there onwards, it enters the bloodstream and spreads to various parts of the body which includes the skin which causes the appearance of vesicular rash.
  • #11 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #12 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #13 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #14 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #15 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #16 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #17 A Viral Journey: From Chickenpox to Shingles | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
    https://www.wakehealth.edu/stories/from-chickenpox-to-shingles
    The virus that causes chickenpox, the Varicella Zoster virus, lives on for years after the spots heal up, lying dormant in the nerves along the back. […] The virus dormant phase is not well understood. Varicella Zoster is part of the herpes family, the viruses responsible for cold sores and genital herpes. After a case of chickenpox, the body’s immune system eliminates the virus in most of the body, but some lodge in the nerves adjacent to the spinal cord or at the base of the skull. […] The virus generally lies dormant for 50 or 60 years until some stressor triggers a flare-up of shingles.
  • #18 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #19 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #20 Chickenpox: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian
    https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection characterized by a fever and rash caused by a virus. The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. […] The varicella virus is highly contagious and is transmitted easily. Things to keep in mind include: […] A contagious virus causes chickenpox. […] Most cases of chickenpox result from exposure to an infected person. […] The virus is contagious for a day or two before blisters appear on the skin. […] The virus remains contagious until all blisters have scabbed over. […] Coughing or sneezing can spread the chickenpox virus. […] The virus can spread through contact with saliva or fluid from blisters.
  • #21 Chickenpox (Varicella)
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, of the Herpesviridae family. This virus is sometimes called herpesvirus type 3. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious and is easily spread from person to person by breathing in airborne respiratory droplets from an infected person’s coughing or sneezing or through direct contact with the fluid from the open sores. […] A person who is not immune to the virus has a 70-80% chance of being infected with the virus if exposed to someone in the early stages of the disease.
  • #22 Overview: Chickenpox – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279621/
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is one of the herpes viruses. These viruses spread from one person to another through droplets or direct contact. When someone who is contagious breathes, coughs, sneezes or speaks, tiny droplets of saliva (spit) are released into the air. Chickenpox is usually spread when people breathe in those droplets. Fluid from inside the blisters is also contagious if they break open or are scratched off. Almost any contact with someone who has chickenpox leads to infection unless you are either vaccinated or have already had chickenpox yourself. […] Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that mainly affects children. Typical symptoms include a very itchy skin rash with red blisters and a mild fever. Because most children are now vaccinated, chickenpox (also known as varicella) is much less common than it was in the past.
  • #23 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. […] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. […] Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. […] The incubation period is 10-21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. […] The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases it may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. […] Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. […] Varicella infection in pregnant women could lead to spread via the placenta and infection of the fetus.
  • #24 Chickenpox: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1131785-overview
    Chickenpox is an acute, systemic viral illness caused by infection with VZV (human herpesvirus type 3). […] The varicella-zoster virus is the etiologic agent of the clinical syndrome of chickenpox (varicella). […] Chickenpox usually is acquired by the inhalation of airborne respiratory droplets from a VZV-infected host. High viral titers are found in the characteristic vesicles of chickenpox; thus, viral transmission also may occur through direct contact with these vesicles.
  • #25 Chickenpox: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian
    https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection characterized by a fever and rash caused by a virus. The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. […] The varicella virus is highly contagious and is transmitted easily. Things to keep in mind include: […] A contagious virus causes chickenpox. […] Most cases of chickenpox result from exposure to an infected person. […] The virus is contagious for a day or two before blisters appear on the skin. […] The virus remains contagious until all blisters have scabbed over. […] Coughing or sneezing can spread the chickenpox virus. […] The virus can spread through contact with saliva or fluid from blisters.
  • #26 What Causes Chickenpox? | Vibhavadi
    https://www.vibhavadi.com/en/blogs/what-causes-chickenpox
    Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella Virus, also known as Human Herpes Virus Type 3. This is the same virus that causes shingles. […] Chickenpox and shingles are typically spread by direct contact with water blisters or touching objects contaminated with blisters from someone with the virus. The virus can also be spread through inhalation of the aerosol from the blisters through the mucous membrane. […] Vaccination can help to decrease the occurrence of chickenpox and lower the risk of shingles.
  • #27 Chickenpox (varicella zoster infection)
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/chickenpox/fact_sheet.htm
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a type of herpes virus. […] Serious complications, although rare, can occur mainly in infants, adolescents, adults and persons with a weakened immune system. […] Chickenpox is transmitted from person to person by directly touching the blisters, saliva or mucus of an infected person. […] A person is most able to transmit chickenpox from one to two days before the rash appears until all the blisters are dry and crusted. […] Most people do not get chickenpox more than once. However, since varicella-zoster virus remains in the body after an initial infection, infection can return years later in the form of shingles in some older adults and sometimes in children. […] A vaccine to protect children against chickenpox was first licensed in 1995. […] Maintaining high levels of varicella immunization in the community is critical to controlling the spread of chickenpox. […] Varicella vaccination is recommended for outbreak control.
  • #28 Chickenpox: Overview, Causes, and Symptoms
    https://www.healthline.com/health/chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also called varicella, is characterized by itchy red blisters that appear all over the body. A virus causes this condition. […] Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes the chickenpox infection. Most cases occur through contact with an infected person. The virus is contagious to those around you for one to two days before your blisters appear. VZV remains contagious until all blisters have crusted over. […] Anyone who has not been exposed may contract the virus. Risk increases under any of these conditions: […] These groups may also contract VZV pneumonia or bacterial infections of the skin, joints, or bones. […] Once chickenpox heals, most people become immune to the virus. It won’t be reactivated because VZV typically stays dormant in the body of a healthy person. In rare cases, it may re-emerge to cause another episode of chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine prevents chickenpox in 98 percent of people who receive the two recommended doses.
  • #29 Chickenpox | Caring for kids
    https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/chickenpox
    Chickenpox (varicella) is a common, preventable childhood infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] Chickenpox is very dangerous for people with immune system problems like leukemia, or for people taking medications that weaken the immune system. […] Chickenpox spreads to others very easily. […] The virus enters the body by the nose or mouth. It usually develops 2 to 3 weeks after contact with an infected person. […] A pregnant woman with chickenpox can pass it on to her baby before birth. […] Babies who get chickenpox from their mothers before birth could be born with birth defects like skin scars, eye problems, brain damage or arms and legs that are not fully formed. […] Chickenpox can be very severe or even life-threatening to babies in the first month of life, to adolescents and adults, and to anyone who has a weak immune system. […] Chickenpox is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the rash appears, and most infectious from 12 to 24 hours before the rash appears. […] If you are pregnant and have not had chickenpox, call your doctor right away if you are exposed to chickenpox.
  • #30 What is Chickenpox: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention Tips | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/chickenpox-symptoms-causes-and-preventions
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is primarily caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which belongs to the herpesvirus family. This highly contagious virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing of an infected person. It can also be transmitted by direct contact with the fluid from the blisters of an infected individual. […] The main cause of chickenpox is exposure to the varicella-zoster virus. Once the virus enters the body, it replicates in the respiratory tract and then spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. […] While the varicella-zoster virus is the primary cause of chickenpox, certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of contracting the disease. These risk factors include: […] Individuals who have not been vaccinated against chickenpox are at higher risk of contracting the disease.
  • #31 Chickenpox: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian
    https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection characterized by a fever and rash caused by a virus. The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. […] The varicella virus is highly contagious and is transmitted easily. Things to keep in mind include: […] A contagious virus causes chickenpox. […] Most cases of chickenpox result from exposure to an infected person. […] The virus is contagious for a day or two before blisters appear on the skin. […] The virus remains contagious until all blisters have scabbed over. […] Coughing or sneezing can spread the chickenpox virus. […] The virus can spread through contact with saliva or fluid from blisters.
  • #32 Chickenpox – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282
    Chickenpox is an illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] A virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox. It can spread through direct contact with the rash. It also can spread when a person with chickenpox coughs or sneezes and you breathe in the air droplets. […] Your risk of getting infected with the virus that causes chickenpox is higher if you haven’t already had chickenpox or if you haven’t had the chickenpox vaccine.
  • #33 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes shingles. […] Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is in the herpesvirus family. […] Varicella-zoster virus is often categorized with the other common so-called „viral exanthems” (viral rashes) such as measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), fifth disease (parvovirus B19), mumps virus, and roseola (human herpesvirus 6), but these viruses are unrelated except for their tendency to cause rashes. […] The risk factors for chickenpox are not having immunity against chickenpox by infection or vaccination and exposure to a person with chickenpox or shingles. […] Chickenpox is very highly contagious. […] The infected person is contagious for up to five days (most often, one to two days) before and five days after the rash appears.
  • #34 Chickenpox – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282
    Chickenpox is an illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] A virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox. It can spread through direct contact with the rash. It also can spread when a person with chickenpox coughs or sneezes and you breathe in the air droplets. […] Your risk of getting infected with the virus that causes chickenpox is higher if you haven’t already had chickenpox or if you haven’t had the chickenpox vaccine.
  • #35
    https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/chickenpox/symptoms-causes
    Chickenpox is a viral infection that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] Risk factors that contribute to chickenpox include: Direct contact with an infected person. […] In addition, your child may face an increased risk of contracting chickenpox if they: Have not been immunised against chickenpox. […] You can vaccinate your child against the varicella virus from the age of 1 year.
  • #36 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #37 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #38 Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicella-zoster-virus
    Certain factors put people at higher risk for complications of the varicella-zoster virus: Any adult who gets chickenpox is at increased risk for complications. […] People with impaired immune systems due to diseases (such as Hodgkin disease) or cancer treatments (chemotherapy, bone marrow, or stem cell transplants) are at higher risk for chickenpox complications.
  • #39 Chickenpox | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox (known medically as varicella) is caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. Its spread quickly and easily from someone who is infected. […] Chickenpox tends to be more severe in adults than children. Adults have a higher risk of developing complications. […] Some children and adults are at special risk of serious problems if they catch chickenpox. They include: pregnant women, newborn babies, people with a weakened immune system. […] If you get chickenpox while you’re pregnant, there is also a small but significant risk to your unborn baby. […] Once you have had chickenpox, you usually develop antibodies to the infection and become immune to catching it again. […] The virus that causes chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus, stays inactive in your body’s nerve tissues.
  • #40 Chickenpox | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox (known medically as varicella) is caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. Its spread quickly and easily from someone who is infected. […] Chickenpox tends to be more severe in adults than children. Adults have a higher risk of developing complications. […] Some children and adults are at special risk of serious problems if they catch chickenpox. They include: pregnant women, newborn babies, people with a weakened immune system. […] If you get chickenpox while you’re pregnant, there is also a small but significant risk to your unborn baby. […] Once you have had chickenpox, you usually develop antibodies to the infection and become immune to catching it again. […] The virus that causes chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus, stays inactive in your body’s nerve tissues.
  • #41 What is Chickenpox: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention Tips | Max Hospital
    https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/chickenpox-symptoms-causes-and-preventions
    Pregnant women who have not had chickenpox before or been vaccinated against it are at risk of complications both for themselves and their unborn babies if they contract the virus during pregnancy. […] Infants, adolescents, and adults are more likely to experience severe symptoms and complications from chickenpox compared to young children.
  • #42 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus. If you get it during pregnancy, it can cause problems for you and your baby. […] Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. […] The chances of getting chickenpox during pregnancy are low. Most pregnant people are immune to chickenpox because theyve had the infection before or theyve been vaccinated against it. […] Yes. Having chickenpox during pregnancy can increase your risk of getting pneumonia and can even be life-threatening. […] Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause these problems for your baby: […] If you get chickenpox during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, your baby may have an increased risk for congenital varicella syndrome. […] If you get chickenpox between 2 weeks before birth to 2 weeks after birth, you can pass the infection to your baby.
  • #43 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #44 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    If you get chickenpox immediately before or right after birth (5 days before birth to 2 days after birth), your baby may have an increased risk for a serious infection called neonatal varicella. […] If you have a preterm birth, your newborn may be at higher risk of complications from chickenpox. […] The varicella vaccine can protect you from chickenpox. […] If you arent immune, how can you protect yourself from chickenpox during pregnancy? […] If you get chickenpox during pregnancy, your provider may give you an antiviral medicine such as acyclovir or valacyclovir. […] If you have chickenpox during pregnancy, your babys provider may treat your baby right after birth with medicine that has chickenpox antibodies.
  • #45 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #46 Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicella-zoster-virus
    Certain factors put people at higher risk for complications of the varicella-zoster virus: Any adult who gets chickenpox is at increased risk for complications. […] People with impaired immune systems due to diseases (such as Hodgkin disease) or cancer treatments (chemotherapy, bone marrow, or stem cell transplants) are at higher risk for chickenpox complications.
  • #47 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #48 Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicella-zoster-virus
    Chickenpox typically affects children under 10 years of age. […] Chickenpox usually occurs in late winter and early spring months. It is typically airborne transmitted, but it can also be transmitted from direct contact with the open blisters associated with either chickenpox or shingles. […] A person with chickenpox can transmit the disease from about 2 days before the appearance of the spots until the end of the blister stage. […] Recurrence of chickenpox is possible, but uncommon. One episode of chickenpox usually means lifelong immunity against a second attack. […] Chickenpox (varicella) rarely causes complications, but it is not always harmless. It can cause hospitalization and, in rare cases, death. The major long-term complication of varicella is the later reactivation of the herpes zoster virus and the development of shingles.
  • #49 Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicella-zoster-virus
    Chickenpox typically affects children under 10 years of age. […] Chickenpox usually occurs in late winter and early spring months. It is typically airborne transmitted, but it can also be transmitted from direct contact with the open blisters associated with either chickenpox or shingles. […] A person with chickenpox can transmit the disease from about 2 days before the appearance of the spots until the end of the blister stage. […] Recurrence of chickenpox is possible, but uncommon. One episode of chickenpox usually means lifelong immunity against a second attack. […] Chickenpox (varicella) rarely causes complications, but it is not always harmless. It can cause hospitalization and, in rare cases, death. The major long-term complication of varicella is the later reactivation of the herpes zoster virus and the development of shingles.
  • #50 Chicken Pox | Causes and Treatment | Brentwood Dermatology
    https://www.brentwoodderm.com/conditions/chicken-pox
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] It is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. […] Direct contact with the fluid from chickenpox blisters can also transmit the virus. […] The virus can be airborne, making it easily transmissible in crowded environments.
  • #51 Chickenpox (Varicella)
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus, of the Herpesviridae family. This virus is sometimes called herpesvirus type 3. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious and is easily spread from person to person by breathing in airborne respiratory droplets from an infected person’s coughing or sneezing or through direct contact with the fluid from the open sores. […] A person who is not immune to the virus has a 70-80% chance of being infected with the virus if exposed to someone in the early stages of the disease.
  • #52 Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-varicella-zoster-virus-infection-chickenpox
    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpesviruses known to cause human infection and is distributed worldwide. VZV infection causes two clinically distinct forms of disease: varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). Primary VZV infection results in the diffuse vesicular rash of varicella, or chickenpox. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious, with secondary household attack rates of >90 percent in susceptible individuals.
  • #53 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes shingles. […] Chickenpox is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is in the herpesvirus family. […] Varicella-zoster virus is often categorized with the other common so-called „viral exanthems” (viral rashes) such as measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), fifth disease (parvovirus B19), mumps virus, and roseola (human herpesvirus 6), but these viruses are unrelated except for their tendency to cause rashes. […] The risk factors for chickenpox are not having immunity against chickenpox by infection or vaccination and exposure to a person with chickenpox or shingles. […] Chickenpox is very highly contagious. […] The infected person is contagious for up to five days (most often, one to two days) before and five days after the rash appears.
  • #54 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. […] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. […] Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. […] The incubation period is 10-21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. […] The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases it may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. […] Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. […] Varicella infection in pregnant women could lead to spread via the placenta and infection of the fetus.
  • #55 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is usually more severe in adults and very young infants than in children. […] Chickenpox is characterized by general weakness, fever up to 102 F, and red spots that start on the same day or so as the fever. […] Complications can and do occur from chickenpox and may be fatal. […] Pneumonia is the most common complication in teens through adults and can be life-threatening. […] After the primary infection has resolved, usually later in life or during a period of weakened immunity, VZV may cause herpes zoster or shingles, which can have a number of complications. […] The varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox is a herpes virus.
  • #56 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. […] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. […] Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. […] The incubation period is 10-21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. […] The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases it may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. […] Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. […] Varicella infection in pregnant women could lead to spread via the placenta and infection of the fetus.
  • #57 Information about Chickenpox | Voices For Vaccines
    https://www.voicesforvaccines.org/vaccine-information/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. […] Chickenpox can also cause fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, and headache. […] If a person gets chickenpox during the first half of pregnancy, the varicella virus can cause severe birth defects. […] The chickenpox vaccine is very safe. […] Mild vaccine reactions are normal and signs the body and vaccines are working together to create an immune response to protect against chickenpox. […] The vaccine is ALWAYS safer than the disease.
  • #58 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is usually more severe in adults and very young infants than in children. […] Chickenpox is characterized by general weakness, fever up to 102 F, and red spots that start on the same day or so as the fever. […] Complications can and do occur from chickenpox and may be fatal. […] Pneumonia is the most common complication in teens through adults and can be life-threatening. […] After the primary infection has resolved, usually later in life or during a period of weakened immunity, VZV may cause herpes zoster or shingles, which can have a number of complications. […] The varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox is a herpes virus.
  • #59 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. […] The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. […] Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. […] The incubation period is 10-21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. […] The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases it may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. […] Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. […] Varicella infection in pregnant women could lead to spread via the placenta and infection of the fetus.
  • #60 Chickenpox | Lake County General Health
    https://www.lcghd.org/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox (Also called varicella) is a disease that can be spread to other people. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (germ), which causes a blister-like rash, itching, tiredness and fever. The rash starts on the trunk and face, but can spread over the entire body causing between 250 to 500 itchy blisters. […] Chicken pox spreads easily from person to person by direct contact (touching) or through the air when a person that has chickenpox coughs or sneezes. A person with chickenpox is contagious (can spread the disease) one to two days before the rash appears and until all blisters have formed scabs. It takes from 10 to 21 days after contact with an infected person for someone to get chickenpox. […] There is a chickenpox vaccine that can stop people from getting and spreading chickenpox.
  • #61 What You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSIWhat You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSI
    https://www.mydcsi.com/conditions/skin/inflammatory-skin/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] The virus responsible for chickenpox was first isolated in the 1950s. From this discovery, the varicella-zoster virus was later confirmed to cause both chickenpox and shingles. […] While chickenpox is usually mild, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. […] Complications from chickenpox can range from skin infections to more severe issues like pneumonia, encephalitis, and Reye’s syndrome. […] In adults, chickenpox can be dangerous. Adults have a higher risk of severe complications from this condition, like pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is more dangerous for adults because they are more likely to experience severe complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and organ damage. […] Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus, the varicella-zoster virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
  • #62 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #63 Chickenpox: Overview, Causes, and Symptoms
    https://www.healthline.com/health/chickenpox
    Chickenpox, also called varicella, is characterized by itchy red blisters that appear all over the body. A virus causes this condition. […] Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes the chickenpox infection. Most cases occur through contact with an infected person. The virus is contagious to those around you for one to two days before your blisters appear. VZV remains contagious until all blisters have crusted over. […] Anyone who has not been exposed may contract the virus. Risk increases under any of these conditions: […] These groups may also contract VZV pneumonia or bacterial infections of the skin, joints, or bones. […] Once chickenpox heals, most people become immune to the virus. It won’t be reactivated because VZV typically stays dormant in the body of a healthy person. In rare cases, it may re-emerge to cause another episode of chickenpox. […] The chickenpox vaccine prevents chickenpox in 98 percent of people who receive the two recommended doses.
  • #64 LAC | DPH – Vaccine Preventable Disease Control Program
    http://ph.lacounty.gov/ip/diseases/varicella/index.htm
    Chickenpox, or Varicella, is a very contagious respiratory virus caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Chickenpox can cause several health complications. Complications include Group A streptococcal disease (skin and soft tissue infections), encephalitis (swelling of the brain) pneumonia (lung infection), bleeding problems, sepsis (bloodstream infection) and dehydration. […] Chickenpox is transmitted through droplets or airborne spread of vesicle fluid or by secretions of the respiratory tract. […] Varicella vaccine is safe and highly effective to protect against chickenpox. […] In immunocompetent individuals, one dose of a varicella-containing vaccine is 82% effective against varicella, 2 doses are 92% effective.
  • #65 Chickenpox: In Adults, Vaccine, Causes, Contagious, Symptoms &Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/chickenpox_varicella/article.htm
    Chickenpox is usually more severe in adults and very young infants than in children. […] Chickenpox is characterized by general weakness, fever up to 102 F, and red spots that start on the same day or so as the fever. […] Complications can and do occur from chickenpox and may be fatal. […] Pneumonia is the most common complication in teens through adults and can be life-threatening. […] After the primary infection has resolved, usually later in life or during a period of weakened immunity, VZV may cause herpes zoster or shingles, which can have a number of complications. […] The varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox is a herpes virus.
  • #66 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #67 Chickenpox in babies and children | Pregnancy Birth and Baby
    https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/chickenpox-in-babies-and-children
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is generally a mild illness in babies and children. […] Chickenpox is closely related to shingles. Both conditions are caused by the varicella zoster virus. […] Although common in children, the virus can affect anyone at any age. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious. […] The virus can be spread in 2 ways: Through contact with sneeze and cough droplets from an infected person. Through contact with fluid from an infected persons chickenpox blisters. […] The best protection against chickenpox is vaccination. […] Immunisation will also help stop your child from getting shingles when theyre older. […] Serious complications of chickenpox are rare but can include inflammation in and around the brain cerebellitis, meningitis or encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by a viral infection.
  • #68 Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis | Encephalitis International
    https://www.encephalitis.info/types-of-encephalitis/infectious-encephalitis/varicella-zoster-virus-encephalitis/
    The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), part of the herpesvirus family, causes two different illnesses: chickenpox and shingles. […] VZV is also a significant cause of infectious encephalitis, a serious and sometimes life-threatening inflammation of the brain. Recognising the dual role of VZV and the potential for severe complications is essential for preventing and managing these conditions effectively. […] Proper vaccination can prevent varicella and subsequently reduce the risk of VZV encephalitis.
  • #69 Chickenpox in babies and children | Pregnancy Birth and Baby
    https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/chickenpox-in-babies-and-children
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is generally a mild illness in babies and children. […] Chickenpox is closely related to shingles. Both conditions are caused by the varicella zoster virus. […] Although common in children, the virus can affect anyone at any age. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious. […] The virus can be spread in 2 ways: Through contact with sneeze and cough droplets from an infected person. Through contact with fluid from an infected persons chickenpox blisters. […] The best protection against chickenpox is vaccination. […] Immunisation will also help stop your child from getting shingles when theyre older. […] Serious complications of chickenpox are rare but can include inflammation in and around the brain cerebellitis, meningitis or encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by a viral infection.
  • #70 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #71 What You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSIWhat You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSI
    https://www.mydcsi.com/conditions/skin/inflammatory-skin/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] The virus responsible for chickenpox was first isolated in the 1950s. From this discovery, the varicella-zoster virus was later confirmed to cause both chickenpox and shingles. […] While chickenpox is usually mild, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. […] Complications from chickenpox can range from skin infections to more severe issues like pneumonia, encephalitis, and Reye’s syndrome. […] In adults, chickenpox can be dangerous. Adults have a higher risk of severe complications from this condition, like pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is more dangerous for adults because they are more likely to experience severe complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and organ damage. […] Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus, the varicella-zoster virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
  • #72 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #73 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #74 What You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSIWhat You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSI
    https://www.mydcsi.com/conditions/skin/inflammatory-skin/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] The virus responsible for chickenpox was first isolated in the 1950s. From this discovery, the varicella-zoster virus was later confirmed to cause both chickenpox and shingles. […] While chickenpox is usually mild, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. […] Complications from chickenpox can range from skin infections to more severe issues like pneumonia, encephalitis, and Reye’s syndrome. […] In adults, chickenpox can be dangerous. Adults have a higher risk of severe complications from this condition, like pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is more dangerous for adults because they are more likely to experience severe complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and organ damage. […] Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus, the varicella-zoster virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
  • #75 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #76 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #77 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) | tulane
    https://tnprc.tulane.edu/varicella-zoster-virus-vzv
    Varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a human virus and a member of the herpesvirus group. […] The primary infection occurs in the respiratory tract, where the virus grows at the site of entry in the nasopharynx. From there, it moves into regional lymph nodes, into the blood stream, and then to organs such as the liver and spleen, to nerves, and finally to the skin, where it erupts as a severe and widespread rash with many raised, fluid-filled vesicles. […] The disease in healthy children is generally mild with fever up to 102oF for 2-3 days, fatigue and varying levels of rash, itching and irritation. Most symptoms resolve in a few weeks. The disease in healthy adults is generally more severe and prolonged. […] Children or adults with cancers or AIDS may develop a very severe form of the disease characterized by high fever, extensive vesicular rash, high complication rates, and very prolonged illness.
  • #78 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus. If you get it during pregnancy, it can cause problems for you and your baby. […] Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. […] The chances of getting chickenpox during pregnancy are low. Most pregnant people are immune to chickenpox because theyve had the infection before or theyve been vaccinated against it. […] Yes. Having chickenpox during pregnancy can increase your risk of getting pneumonia and can even be life-threatening. […] Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause these problems for your baby: […] If you get chickenpox during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, your baby may have an increased risk for congenital varicella syndrome. […] If you get chickenpox between 2 weeks before birth to 2 weeks after birth, you can pass the infection to your baby.
  • #79 Chickenpox – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/chickenpox
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection with the varicella-zoster virus that causes a characteristic itchy rash, consisting of small, raised, blistered, or crusted spots. […] Chickenpox is an infection that mostly affects children. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is a type of herpesvirus (herpesvirus type 3). […] A person with chickenpox is contagious from 2 days before the rash appears and remains contagious until the last blisters have crusted. […] People who get varicella while pregnant are at risk of serious complications, such as pneumonia, and may die as a result. Chickenpox can also be transmitted to the fetus, especially if chickenpox develops during the first or early second trimester, or to the newborn during or after birth. Such an infection can result in scars on the skin, birth defects, low birth weight, or illness in the newborn.
  • #80 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus. If you get it during pregnancy, it can cause problems for you and your baby. […] Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. […] The chances of getting chickenpox during pregnancy are low. Most pregnant people are immune to chickenpox because theyve had the infection before or theyve been vaccinated against it. […] Yes. Having chickenpox during pregnancy can increase your risk of getting pneumonia and can even be life-threatening. […] Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause these problems for your baby: […] If you get chickenpox during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, your baby may have an increased risk for congenital varicella syndrome. […] If you get chickenpox between 2 weeks before birth to 2 weeks after birth, you can pass the infection to your baby.
  • #81 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) & Communicable Diseases | Health & Senior Services
    https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/chickenpox.php
    Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious. […] Chickenpox first occurs as a blister-like skin rash and fever. […] The symptoms may be more severe in newborns, persons with weakened immune systems, and adults. Serious problems can occur and may include pneumonia (bacterial and viral), brain infection (encephalitis), and kidney problems. […] Varicella infection causes severe illness in pregnant women, and 10%-20% of those infected develop varicella pneumonia, with mortality (death) reported as high as 40%. […] Many people are not aware that before a vaccine was available, approximately 10,600 persons were hospitalized, and 100 to 150 died, as a result of chickenpox in the U.S. every year.
  • #82 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus. If you get it during pregnancy, it can cause problems for you and your baby. […] Chickenpox is an infection caused by a virus called the varicella-zoster virus. […] The chances of getting chickenpox during pregnancy are low. Most pregnant people are immune to chickenpox because theyve had the infection before or theyve been vaccinated against it. […] Yes. Having chickenpox during pregnancy can increase your risk of getting pneumonia and can even be life-threatening. […] Chickenpox during pregnancy can cause these problems for your baby: […] If you get chickenpox during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, your baby may have an increased risk for congenital varicella syndrome. […] If you get chickenpox between 2 weeks before birth to 2 weeks after birth, you can pass the infection to your baby.
  • #83 Chickenpox | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chickenpox
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is a highly infectious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] Anyone who has not had chickenpox or who has not been vaccinated against chickenpox is at risk of infection. […] For some infected people, the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox can reappear later in life to cause shingles. […] Chickenpox in pregnant women can lead to birth abnormalities in the baby. These include abnormalities of the skin, arms and legs, eyes, brain and potentially other parts of the body. […] Chickenpox can be prevented through vaccination. Two doses of vaccine (varicella-containing vaccine) are recommended. Vaccination helps protect against infection and serious illness. […] People who work in healthcare, childhood education and childcare, or long term-care facilities are strongly recommended to have 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine if they are not immune.
  • #84 Chickenpox during pregnancy | March of Dimes
    https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/chickenpox-during-pregnancy
    If you get chickenpox immediately before or right after birth (5 days before birth to 2 days after birth), your baby may have an increased risk for a serious infection called neonatal varicella. […] If you have a preterm birth, your newborn may be at higher risk of complications from chickenpox. […] The varicella vaccine can protect you from chickenpox. […] If you arent immune, how can you protect yourself from chickenpox during pregnancy? […] If you get chickenpox during pregnancy, your provider may give you an antiviral medicine such as acyclovir or valacyclovir. […] If you have chickenpox during pregnancy, your babys provider may treat your baby right after birth with medicine that has chickenpox antibodies.
  • #85 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #86 Chickenpox | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chickenpox
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is a highly infectious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] Anyone who has not had chickenpox or who has not been vaccinated against chickenpox is at risk of infection. […] For some infected people, the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox can reappear later in life to cause shingles. […] Chickenpox in pregnant women can lead to birth abnormalities in the baby. These include abnormalities of the skin, arms and legs, eyes, brain and potentially other parts of the body. […] Chickenpox can be prevented through vaccination. Two doses of vaccine (varicella-containing vaccine) are recommended. Vaccination helps protect against infection and serious illness. […] People who work in healthcare, childhood education and childcare, or long term-care facilities are strongly recommended to have 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine if they are not immune.
  • #87 Chickenpox Causes and Treatment | Lurie Children’s
    https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/chickenpox-causes-and-treatment/
    The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox. Exposure to this virus is the only way to get the illness. Humans are the only source of infection for this highly contagious virus, Dr. Tan says. […] There’s no treatment for the viral infection that causes chickenpox. […] The best way to prevent chickenpox is to get vaccinated.
  • #88
    https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/primary-care/preventive-care/vaccinations/chickenpox-varicella
    The chickenpox vaccine, also know as the varicella vaccine, is an immunization to protect children and adults from the varicella-zoster virus. The varicella-zoster virus, commonly known as chickenpox, causes an itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters. […] Varicella-zoster is a contagious virus that can lead to chickenpox. After youve had chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus remains in your body in an inactive state. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious, and the vaccine doesnt just protect you. It protects others around you, including those who may be at high risk. […] The chickenpox vaccine is a live vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus. Theres a risk that live vaccines could lead to infection in people with a suppressed or compromised immune system.
  • #89
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/shingles-(herpes-zoster)
    Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates later in life, often when the immune system is weakened. […] However, you can spread the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) to someone who has never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine. In that case, they would develop chickenpox, not shingles. […] The chickenpox vaccine (varicella vaccine) can reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life. […] The chickenpox vaccine contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Studies have shown that children who received the chickenpox vaccine are significantly less likely to develop shingles compared to those who contracted chickenpox naturally.
  • #90
    https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Varicella-ChickenPox.aspx
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] The chickenpox vaccine is recommended for all children who have not had the disease. Most people who get the vaccine are protected for life and won’t get chickenpox. […] The virus that causes chickenpox also causes shingles.
  • #91 Chicken Pox: Causes, Risks, Symptoms, and Prevention Tips
    https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/chicken-pox-causes
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus Infection (VZV). This highly contagious virus can easily spread from person to person. Once you are infected with VZV, the virus stays in your body for life. It can reactivate later in life, causing a painful condition known as shingles. […] The most effective way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. The chickenpox vaccine is usually given in two doses: the first dose at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years of age. Adults who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine should also consider getting vaccinated. […] Understanding the causes of chickenpox, its transmission, and risk factors can help in preventing its spread and managing its symptoms.
  • #92 Chicken Pox: Causes, Risks, Symptoms, and Prevention Tips
    https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/chicken-pox-causes
    Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus Infection (VZV). This highly contagious virus can easily spread from person to person. Once you are infected with VZV, the virus stays in your body for life. It can reactivate later in life, causing a painful condition known as shingles. […] The most effective way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. The chickenpox vaccine is usually given in two doses: the first dose at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years of age. Adults who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine should also consider getting vaccinated. […] Understanding the causes of chickenpox, its transmission, and risk factors can help in preventing its spread and managing its symptoms.
  • #93 Chickenpox | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chickenpox
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is a highly infectious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] Anyone who has not had chickenpox or who has not been vaccinated against chickenpox is at risk of infection. […] For some infected people, the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox can reappear later in life to cause shingles. […] Chickenpox in pregnant women can lead to birth abnormalities in the baby. These include abnormalities of the skin, arms and legs, eyes, brain and potentially other parts of the body. […] Chickenpox can be prevented through vaccination. Two doses of vaccine (varicella-containing vaccine) are recommended. Vaccination helps protect against infection and serious illness. […] People who work in healthcare, childhood education and childcare, or long term-care facilities are strongly recommended to have 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine if they are not immune.
  • #94 LAC | DPH – Vaccine Preventable Disease Control Program
    http://ph.lacounty.gov/ip/diseases/varicella/index.htm
    Chickenpox, or Varicella, is a very contagious respiratory virus caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Chickenpox can cause several health complications. Complications include Group A streptococcal disease (skin and soft tissue infections), encephalitis (swelling of the brain) pneumonia (lung infection), bleeding problems, sepsis (bloodstream infection) and dehydration. […] Chickenpox is transmitted through droplets or airborne spread of vesicle fluid or by secretions of the respiratory tract. […] Varicella vaccine is safe and highly effective to protect against chickenpox. […] In immunocompetent individuals, one dose of a varicella-containing vaccine is 82% effective against varicella, 2 doses are 92% effective.
  • #95 Chickenpox – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox
    Infection late in gestation or immediately following birth is referred to as „neonatal varicella”. […] Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity. […] After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. […] Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (i.e., shingles). […] Chickenpox can be prevented by vaccination. […] The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. […] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.
  • #96 Clinical Overview of Chickenpox (Varicella) | Chickenpox (Varicella) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
    Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Varicella is highly caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpesvirus group. Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. […] The varicella vaccination program has dramatically decreased virus circulation and increased community protection.
  • #97 Chickenpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4017-chickenpox
    Chickenpox is an infection that causes an itchy, blister-like skin rash. A virus called varicella-zoster causes it. […] A virus causes chickenpox. Viruses spread when a person with the virus gives it to another person either through bodily fluid (coughing, sneezing, etc.) or bodily contact (touching the rash). […] Chickenpox isn’t as common as it once was because the chickenpox vaccine has greatly reduced the number of cases.
  • #98 Chickenpox: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4017-chickenpox
    Chickenpox is an infection that causes an itchy, blister-like skin rash. A virus called varicella-zoster causes it. […] A virus causes chickenpox. Viruses spread when a person with the virus gives it to another person either through bodily fluid (coughing, sneezing, etc.) or bodily contact (touching the rash). […] Chickenpox isn’t as common as it once was because the chickenpox vaccine has greatly reduced the number of cases.
  • #99 Clinical Overview of Chickenpox (Varicella) | Chickenpox (Varicella) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
    Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Varicella is highly caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpesvirus group. Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. […] The varicella vaccination program has dramatically decreased virus circulation and increased community protection.
  • #100 Clinical Overview of Chickenpox (Varicella) | Chickenpox (Varicella) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
    Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Varicella is highly caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpesvirus group. Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. […] The varicella vaccination program has dramatically decreased virus circulation and increased community protection.
  • #101 Information about Chickenpox | Voices For Vaccines
    https://www.voicesforvaccines.org/vaccine-information/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. […] Chickenpox can also cause fever, tiredness, loss of appetite, and headache. […] If a person gets chickenpox during the first half of pregnancy, the varicella virus can cause severe birth defects. […] The chickenpox vaccine is very safe. […] Mild vaccine reactions are normal and signs the body and vaccines are working together to create an immune response to protect against chickenpox. […] The vaccine is ALWAYS safer than the disease.
  • #102 Chickenpox (varicella zoster infection)
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/chickenpox/fact_sheet.htm
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a type of herpes virus. […] Serious complications, although rare, can occur mainly in infants, adolescents, adults and persons with a weakened immune system. […] Chickenpox is transmitted from person to person by directly touching the blisters, saliva or mucus of an infected person. […] A person is most able to transmit chickenpox from one to two days before the rash appears until all the blisters are dry and crusted. […] Most people do not get chickenpox more than once. However, since varicella-zoster virus remains in the body after an initial infection, infection can return years later in the form of shingles in some older adults and sometimes in children. […] A vaccine to protect children against chickenpox was first licensed in 1995. […] Maintaining high levels of varicella immunization in the community is critical to controlling the spread of chickenpox. […] Varicella vaccination is recommended for outbreak control.
  • #103
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/shingles-(herpes-zoster)
    Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates later in life, often when the immune system is weakened. […] However, you can spread the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) to someone who has never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine. In that case, they would develop chickenpox, not shingles. […] The chickenpox vaccine (varicella vaccine) can reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life. […] The chickenpox vaccine contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Studies have shown that children who received the chickenpox vaccine are significantly less likely to develop shingles compared to those who contracted chickenpox naturally.
  • #104
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/shingles-(herpes-zoster)
    Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates later in life, often when the immune system is weakened. […] However, you can spread the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) to someone who has never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine. In that case, they would develop chickenpox, not shingles. […] The chickenpox vaccine (varicella vaccine) can reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life. […] The chickenpox vaccine contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Studies have shown that children who received the chickenpox vaccine are significantly less likely to develop shingles compared to those who contracted chickenpox naturally.
  • #105
    https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/primary-care/preventive-care/vaccinations/chickenpox-varicella
    The chickenpox vaccine, also know as the varicella vaccine, is an immunization to protect children and adults from the varicella-zoster virus. The varicella-zoster virus, commonly known as chickenpox, causes an itchy rash with fluid-filled blisters. […] Varicella-zoster is a contagious virus that can lead to chickenpox. After youve had chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus remains in your body in an inactive state. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious, and the vaccine doesnt just protect you. It protects others around you, including those who may be at high risk. […] The chickenpox vaccine is a live vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened version of the varicella-zoster virus. Theres a risk that live vaccines could lead to infection in people with a suppressed or compromised immune system.
  • #106 Chickenpox in babies and children | Pregnancy Birth and Baby
    https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/chickenpox-in-babies-and-children
    Chickenpox (also known as varicella) is generally a mild illness in babies and children. […] Chickenpox is closely related to shingles. Both conditions are caused by the varicella zoster virus. […] Although common in children, the virus can affect anyone at any age. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious. […] The virus can be spread in 2 ways: Through contact with sneeze and cough droplets from an infected person. Through contact with fluid from an infected persons chickenpox blisters. […] The best protection against chickenpox is vaccination. […] Immunisation will also help stop your child from getting shingles when theyre older. […] Serious complications of chickenpox are rare but can include inflammation in and around the brain cerebellitis, meningitis or encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by a viral infection.
  • #107 Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448191/
    Chickenpox, known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also triggers herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus causes chickenpox, typically a primary infection in nonimmune hosts, and herpes zoster, or shingles, which results from the reactivation of a latent infection. […] Chickenpox, or varicella, is caused by VZV, a herpes virus with worldwide distribution. The virus establishes latency after primary infection, a feature unique to most herpes viruses. […] Chickenpox is acquired by inhalation of infected aerosolized droplets. This virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly. […] The initial infection is in the mucosa of the upper airways. The virus enters the circulation after 2 to 6 days, and another bout of viremia occurs in 10 to 12 days. At this time, the characteristic vesicles appear. […] After the primary infection, varicella localizes to sensory nerves and may reactivate later as shingles.
  • #108 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV): Infection & Diseases
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/varicella-zoster-virus
    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a type of herpes virus that causes chickenpox, shingles and other infections. […] Varicella-zoster (VZV) is a virus that causes chickenpox, shingles and other illnesses. […] Once you’re infected with varicella-zoster, it stays in your nerve cells, even after you’ve recovered from an illness. […] The first time you’re exposed to varicella-zoster (primary infection), it usually infects your respiratory tract. […] After you recover from chickenpox, VZV moves into your nerves. […] During a primary infection with varicella-zoster (chickenpox), the virus spreads through coughing, sneezing and contact with the rash. […] Varicella-zoster is the virus that causes both chickenpox and shingles. […] A primary infection with VZV causes chickenpox and reactivation of the virus causes shingles (and, rarely, other infections like meningitis).
  • #109 Chickenpox (varicella zoster infection)
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/chickenpox/fact_sheet.htm
    Chickenpox is a highly contagious illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a type of herpes virus. […] Serious complications, although rare, can occur mainly in infants, adolescents, adults and persons with a weakened immune system. […] Chickenpox is transmitted from person to person by directly touching the blisters, saliva or mucus of an infected person. […] A person is most able to transmit chickenpox from one to two days before the rash appears until all the blisters are dry and crusted. […] Most people do not get chickenpox more than once. However, since varicella-zoster virus remains in the body after an initial infection, infection can return years later in the form of shingles in some older adults and sometimes in children. […] A vaccine to protect children against chickenpox was first licensed in 1995. […] Maintaining high levels of varicella immunization in the community is critical to controlling the spread of chickenpox. […] Varicella vaccination is recommended for outbreak control.
  • #110 Chickenpox – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282
    Chickenpox is an illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] A virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox. It can spread through direct contact with the rash. It also can spread when a person with chickenpox coughs or sneezes and you breathe in the air droplets. […] Your risk of getting infected with the virus that causes chickenpox is higher if you haven’t already had chickenpox or if you haven’t had the chickenpox vaccine.
  • #111 What You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSIWhat You Need to Know About Chickenpox | DCSI
    https://www.mydcsi.com/conditions/skin/inflammatory-skin/chickenpox/
    Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. […] The virus responsible for chickenpox was first isolated in the 1950s. From this discovery, the varicella-zoster virus was later confirmed to cause both chickenpox and shingles. […] While chickenpox is usually mild, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. […] Complications from chickenpox can range from skin infections to more severe issues like pneumonia, encephalitis, and Reye’s syndrome. […] In adults, chickenpox can be dangerous. Adults have a higher risk of severe complications from this condition, like pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. […] Chickenpox is more dangerous for adults because they are more likely to experience severe complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and organ damage. […] Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus, the varicella-zoster virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
  • #112 Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus) Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicella-zoster-virus
    Certain factors put people at higher risk for complications of the varicella-zoster virus: Any adult who gets chickenpox is at increased risk for complications. […] People with impaired immune systems due to diseases (such as Hodgkin disease) or cancer treatments (chemotherapy, bone marrow, or stem cell transplants) are at higher risk for chickenpox complications.
  • #113 Clinical Overview of Chickenpox (Varicella) | Chickenpox (Varicella) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
    Varicella (chickenpox) is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). […] Varicella is highly caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpesvirus group. Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. […] The varicella vaccination program has dramatically decreased virus circulation and increased community protection.
  • #114 Chickenpox Causes and Treatment | Lurie Children’s
    https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/chickenpox-causes-and-treatment/
    The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox. Exposure to this virus is the only way to get the illness. Humans are the only source of infection for this highly contagious virus, Dr. Tan says. […] There’s no treatment for the viral infection that causes chickenpox. […] The best way to prevent chickenpox is to get vaccinated.
  • #115 Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-varicella-zoster-virus-infection-chickenpox
    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpesviruses known to cause human infection and is distributed worldwide. VZV infection causes two clinically distinct forms of disease: varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). Primary VZV infection results in the diffuse vesicular rash of varicella, or chickenpox. […] Chickenpox is highly contagious, with secondary household attack rates of >90 percent in susceptible individuals.