Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sunburn – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534837/

  Sunburn is an acute inflammatory skin reaction occurring due to extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds. […] The severity of sunburn depends primarily on the duration and intensity of exposure to UV rays. Overall, the number of sunburns experienced in individuals correlates with an increased risk of skin cancer. […] This activity reviews the etiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors of sunburns, emphasizing the role of the interprofessional team in preventing and managing this condition. […] Sunburn is an acute inflammatory skin reaction occurring due to extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or artificial sources such as tanning beds. […] To decrease the risk of skin cancer and enhance the quality of life, patients should be aware of the causes, treatments, and prevention methods for sunburn.

• #2 Sunburn – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sunburn

  Sunburn is an acute, transient, inflammatory response of the skin to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from natural sunlight or artificial sources (eg, tanning beds, phototherapy devices). Both ultraviolet B (UVB; 280 to 320 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA; 320 to 400 nm) can cause sunburn, but the wavelengths that are the most effective at inducing erythema are in the UVB range. […] Sunburn is a self-limited condition. The acute manifestations usually resolve in three to seven days. However, susceptibility to sunburn is a marker of genetic susceptibility to skin cancer and is associated with an increased risk of melanoma at all ages. It is very important that clinicians counsel patients with increased susceptibility to sunburn about sun protection. […] This topic will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of sunburn.

• #3 Sunburn – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/613

  Sunburn is an acute inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, edema, vesiculation, and desquamation, with associated symptoms of pain and/or pruritus. […] Sunburn is a major preventable risk factor for accelerated photoaging and most common forms of skin cancer. […] It typically runs a self-limited course and is treated symptomatically. […] Education about future sunburn prevention via sun avoidance during peak daylight hours and the use of protective clothing/sunscreen are key interventions. […] Sunburn is an acute inflammatory reaction of the skin induced by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin findings include erythema and edema, with or without vesiculation, followed by desquamation. Symptoms include pain and/or pruritus. Acute sunburn is a self-limited condition and typically requires only supportive care. However, primary prevention is critical, as cellular damage caused by UV radiation is irreversible and may with time increase the risk of skin cancer.

• #4 Sunburn – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534837/

  Sunburn primarily occurs due to excessive sun exposure without proper sun protection. […] A sunburn can be diagnosed through clinical examination alone and does not necessitate additional laboratory or radiographic testing. […] Most sunburns can heal without requiring further medical intervention. […] Preventing sunburn is the cornerstone of effective sunburn management. […] The differential diagnosis for sunburn includes autoimmune diseases, infections, idiopathic conditions, malignancies, common dermatological diseases, solar reactions, and congenital conditions. […] Sunburn can generally be managed at home with conservative treatment, leading to a positive outlook. […] Sunburns might appear inconsequential, but closely monitoring them during the acute period is essential. […] The number of skin cancer cases, including melanoma, rises annually by 3% to 8%.

• #5 Sunburn Workup: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/773203-workup

  No laboratory tests or imaging studies are indicated for uncomplicated cases of sunburn. However, skin biopsy may be indicated if the diagnosis is in doubt or it is necessary to exclude other diseases in the differential diagnosis.

• #6

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/sunburn

  Sunburn is a red, painful skin reaction that occurs after too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. […] The symptoms of sunburn can look like other health conditions. If you are concerned, see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and health history. They may also ask about recent sun exposure or tanning bed use. Your provider will give you a physical exam. This will include looking closely at your skin. […] Severe sunburn needs medical care right away. Symptoms may include those listed above plus: […] Treatments include applying a cool, wet cloth on the skin and using gel, cream, or lotion. […] To prevent sunburn, wear sunscreen and protective clothing. Reapply sunscreen as directed on the product label. Stay out of the sun from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.

• #7 Sunburn – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/613

  Key diagnostic factors include sun exposure, lack of sun protection, skin discomfort, pruritus, skin tenderness, sensation of warmth, and erythema. […] Other diagnostic factors include chronic actinic damage, malaise, fever, chills, nausea, headache, edema, and vesicles/bullae. […] Diagnostic tests to consider include skin biopsy and phototesting.

• #8 Sunburn – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922

  Sunburn is inflamed, painful skin that feels hot to the touch. It often appears within a few hours of being in the sun too long. […] Sunburn symptoms often appear within a few hours after sun exposure. […] See your health care provider if you: […] Develop large blisters. […] Experience severe swelling of the affected area. […] Show signs of infection, such as blisters with pus or streaks. […] Experience worsening pain, headache, confusion, nausea, fever or chills. […] Get worse despite at-home care. […] Have eye pain or vision changes. […] Sunburn is caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. UV light may be from the sun or artificial sources, such as sunlamps and tanning beds. […] The UV light damages skin cells. The immune system reacts by increasing blood flow to the affected areas, which causes the inflamed skin (erythema) known as sunburn.

• #9 Sunburn: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21858-sunburn

  Sunburns occur from exposure to the suns UV rays or UV light from artificial sources. You can usually treat first- and second-degree sunburns at home. Third-degree sunburns are very rare but need emergency treatment. A sunburn can cause premature skin aging and skin cancer. You can lessen your risk of sunburn by taking steps to protect your skin. […] Sunburns are called first-degree, second-degree or third-degree based on how deep the damage is in the layers of your skin. […] Sunburn is red, painful, damaged skin from being out in the sun for too long. […] Multiple sunburns can lead to premature skin aging and skin cancer. You can minimize your risk of sunburn by taking steps to protect your skin every day. Its important to pay attention to your sun exposure when you spend any amount of time outdoors.

• #10 Sunburn: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21858-sunburn

  Healthcare providers group sunburns by the severity of skin damage. The two most common types of sunburn are: First-degree sunburn: Damage to your skins outer layer. This usually heals on its own in a few days to a week. Second-degree sunburn: Damage to the middle section of your skin (dermis). Youll develop blisters on the sunburned skin. Your skin may take weeks to heal and you may need medical treatment. […] A third-degree sunburn is very rare and requires emergency treatment. It severely damages all layers of your skin, including the fat layer beneath your skin. It can also destroy nerve endings. […] Your healthcare provider can evaluate the seriousness of your sunburn. They look at the amount of skin thats burned, the severity of your sunburn and your symptoms. Then they can recommend the appropriate treatment.

• #11 Clinically Diagnosed Sunburn Among Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2014–2022 | Health.mil

  https://staging-mobile.health.mil/sitecore/content/MHSHome/News/Articles/2023/11/01/Sunburn

  Sunburn affects U.S. military mission readiness, from clothing and gear discomfort, to infection and dehydration risk due to skin barrier breakdown and fluid loss.1 Depending on a service members military occupation, ultraviolet radiation exposure will vary, as seen with higher incidences of sunburn in recruits, aircraft and aircraft-related occupations, and infantry.1 Clinically, sunburn is classified and managed within two main categories: mild-moderate and severe.2 Electronic health record sunburn documentation is determined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis codes that classify sunburn as sunburn of first degree, second degree, third degree, or unspecified. Sunburn of first degree (superficial burn) only affects the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), manifesting in mild to moderate erythema without blistering. Sunburn of second degree (partial thickness burn) affects both the epidermis and part of the dermis, resulting in erythema with blistering, with or without edema. Sunburn of third degree (full thickness burn) affects the epidermis and dermis, and occasionally the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.

• #12

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/dermatology/sunburn

  If you have a sunburn, youll have pink or red, tender skin that feels hot to the touch. Sunburn is a sign of skin cell damage. At best, repeated sunburns increase your likelihood of dry, prematurely wrinkled skin, and dark spots. At worst, sunburns increase your risk of skin cancers. […] Signs and symptoms of sunburn usually appear within a few hours of too much ultraviolet (UV) light exposure from sunshine or artificial sources, such as tanning beds or sunlamps. It may take a day or longer to know the full extent of your sunburn. […] Through a medical examination of your skin, we can accurately diagnose and determine the best way to treat your sunburn. […] If you have a sunburn after being exposed to UV rays for a short period, we may conduct phototesting. During phototesting, small areas of your skin are exposed to measured amounts of UVA rays to try to reproduce the problem. If your skin reacts to the UV radiation, you may be extremely sensitive to sunlight (photosensitive), which could require a different treatment.

• #13 Phototherapy. Photosensitivity

  https://dermnetnz.org/cme/phototherapy/photosensitivity-cme

  Sunburn is maximal about eight hours after exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or artificial sources (predominantly UVB). Features include: […] Sunburn arises with less exposure to sunlight when the patient is taking phototoxic drugs (sulphonamides, thiazides, tetracyclines, phenothiazines, nalidixic acid, amiodarone, naproxen and psoralens). Consider systemic lupus erythematosus in the differential diagnosis. […] The histology is characterised by sunburn cells (apoptotic keratinocytes), lymphocytic exocytosis, vacuolisation of melanocytes and endothelial swelling of blood vessels. […] Prevention of sunburn requires the use of covering clothing, sunscreens and perhaps oral antioxidants such as Polypodium leucotomas. Treatment may consist of rest, fluid replacement, cooling wet dressings, topical steroids and NSAIDs.

• #14 Sunburn – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunburn

  The differential diagnosis of sunburn includes other skin pathology induced by UV radiation, including photoallergic reactions, phototoxic reactions to topical or systemic medications, and other dermatologic disorders that are aggravated by exposure to sunlight. Considerations for diagnosis include duration and intensity of UV exposure, topical or systemic medication use, history of dermatologic disease, and nutritional status. […] The primary measure of treatment is avoiding further exposure to the sun. The best treatment for most sunburns is time; most sunburns heal completely within a few weeks.

• #15 Sunburn Purpura | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/cutis/article/150183/pigmentation-disorders/sunburn-purpura

  Petechial skin changes acutely following intense sun exposure is a rare phenomenon referred to as sunburn purpura, photolocalized purpura, or solar purpura. […] Idiopathic sunburn purpura should only be diagnosed after vasculitis and/or thrombocytopenia is ruled out, which is best achieved through skin biopsy and a platelet count, respectively. […] Given the timing of onset, preceding sun exposure, and the morphologic characteristics of the lesions, sunburn purpura was suspected. […] Sunburn purpura remains a rare phenomenon in which a petechial or purpuric rash develops acutely after intense sun exposure. […] Idiopathic sunburn purpura should only be diagnosed after other conditions are excluded. When evaluating a patient who presents with new-onset petechial rash following sun exposure, it is important to rule out vasculitis or thrombocytopenia as the cause, which is best achieved through skin biopsy and a platelet count, respectively.

• #16 Sunburn – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534837/

  This activity covers the pathophysiology, management, and prevention of sunburn, aiming to reduce the risk of skin cancer and lower patient morbidity and mortality. […] Sunburn occurs when the skin is exposed to prolonged UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources. […] The risk of sunburn is elevated by the usage of certain medications, including thiazide diuretics, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), retinoids, tetracyclines antibiotics such as doxycycline, and St John’s wort, among other photosensitizing medications. […] Individuals with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I to III are more prone to sunburn because their skin contains less melanin pigment, which is crucial in shielding against UV radiation. […] Individuals with lower Fitzpatrick skin phototypes also exhibit a lower minimal erythema dose, which denotes the minimum amount of UV radiation that results in non-diseased skin turning red within 24 hours of UV exposure.

• #17 CEUFast – Sunburn

  https://ceufast.com/course/sunburn

  Sunburn is an acute, transient, inflammatory response of the skin to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). […] Sunburn results from natural sunlight or artificial sources (e.g., tanning beds, phototherapy devices.) […] Ultraviolet B (UVB; 290 to 320 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA; 320 to 400 nm) can cause sunburn. Wavelengths that are the most effective at inducing erythema are in the UVB range (Young Tewari, 2021). […] The diagnosis of sunburn is usually straightforward, based on clinical findings and a history of exposure to sunlight or artificial sources of UV radiation. […] Clinical manifestations of sunburn range from mild erythema to highly painful erythema with edema, vesiculation, and blistering. […] Erythema is usually first noted 3 to 6 hours following sunlight exposure, peaks at 12 to 24 hours, and usually subsides at 72 hours.

• #18 CEUFast – Sunburn

  https://ceufast.com/course/sunburn

  Sunburn is a self-limiting condition that may take two days for the severity of the sunburn to become evident and several more days for the skin to begin to heal (Sunburn, 2020). […] For the treatment of skin pain and inflammation, oral NSAIDs are advocated. […] Patients with extensive blistering sunburn, severe pain, and systemic symptoms may require hospitalization for fluid replacement and parenteral analgesia (Young Tewari, 2021). […] Sunscreens are topical preparations containing inorganic (mineral) or organic substances that reflect, scatter, or absorb UV radiation in UVA and UVB wavelength ranges. Broad-spectrum sunscreens are generally combinations of sunscreen products that absorb both UVA and UVB radiations. […] Regardless of skin phototype, everyone is subject to the potential adverse effects of UV radiation and may benefit from sunscreen. […] Broad-spectrum products with an SPF of 30 or higher are recommended for individuals performing outdoor work, sports, or recreational activities.

• #19

  https://www.shrinerschildrens.org/en/pediatric-care/sunburns

  Sunburn is a form of skin damage caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. […] If your child experiences any of these symptoms, it is important to visit a burn care specialist to assess the burn. […] Sunburn symptoms usually appear within a few hours after exposure and can include redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, and in severe cases, blisters and peeling. […] Severe sunburns, especially during childhood and adolescence, can significantly increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. […] Sunburn injuries are painful and require professional medical care if more than a mild burn. […] If symptoms are more than mild, seek medical attention at a healthcare facility. […] Peeling after sunburn occurs as a part of the body’s natural healing process in response to the damage caused by excessive exposure to UV rays from the sun. […] If you have severe sunburn or concerns about the healing process, consult a healthcare professional for proper guidance and care.

• #20 Sunburn: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21858-sunburn

  Frequent sunburns increase your risk of sun damage. Repeated exposure to harmful UV rays can cause: Skin cancer, especially on areas most exposed to the sun, such as your arms, back, ears, face and legs. Skin cancers can range from pink scaly spots, to local sores that dont heal, to multi-colored lesions that can spread to internal organs. […] See your provider if you have any concerns about your sunburn or how its healing. Seek medical treatment immediately if you have: Blisters over more than 20% of your body (such as a whole leg, your entire back or both arms) or severe swelling. […] When your skin becomes sunburned, your skins blood vessels dilate, which leads to redness, inflammation and swelling. Your body sends immune cells to repair the damage. Some skin cells can be repaired and some die off. Others may have DNA mutations that cant be fixed. These effects age your skin and can lead to skin cancer.

• #21 Sunburn blisters: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319666

  Sunburn blisters result from a second-degree sunburn, which causes damage deeper in the skin. […] A second degree sunburn causes blisters. […] Sunburn blisters can be very painful and take around 1 week to heal. […] Sunburn blisters usually only occur in people with a bad sunburn, which increases a persons risk of developing skin cancer. […] How are sunburn blisters diagnosed? […] A doctor will examine the person and make a diagnosis based on the appearance of the lumps. […] Sunburn that is severe and causes blistering may require medical treatment. […] Sunburn blisters can also occur in cooler, cloudier conditions. […] Skin cancer: This is a particular risk for those who experience sunburn severe enough that sunburn blisters develop. […] If a blister pops or breaks, dermatologists recommend a person do not pick or peel the skin. […] The American Burn Association recommends that a person who develops burn blisters anywhere on their face consults a doctor as soon as possible. […] In addition to blisters, a second degree sunburn will likely cause redness that may be more visible in individuals with light skin tones.

• #22 Sunburn – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sunburn/symptoms-causes/syc-20355922

  Excessive sun exposure, even without sunburn, increases your risk of skin cancer, such as melanoma. […] Sunburns in childhood and adolescence may increase the risk of melanoma later in life. […] Sunburned eyes may feel painful or gritty. Sunburn of the cornea is also called snow blindness. This type of damage might be caused by the sun, welding, tanning lamps and broken mercury vapor lamps.

• #23 5 Eye Conditions Caused by Sun Damage: Stephen Khachikian, MD: Ophthalmologist

  https://www.stevekmd.com/blog/5-eye-conditions-caused-by-sun-damage

  Corneal sunburn […] Your eye has a clear protective outer layer, the cornea, which can become sunburned. […] The condition is known as photokeratitis. […] If you have photokeratitis, you may experience pain in your eyes, notice blurred vision, have a feeling that something is in your eye, or get a headache. […] You may not know that exposure to sun without adequate eye protection can trigger or speed cataract development. […] The only remedy for cataracts is cataract surgery. […] Just as you can contract skin cancer on the rest of your body, you can also get it on your eyelids. […] Sun damage can result in growths on your eye that need medical treatment. […] While the studies are not definitive and more research needs to be done, its possible that sun damage is linked to macular degeneration.

• #24 Sunburn – Diagnosis

  http://iafya.org/tip/11798/

  Your doctor will not usually need extensive tests and procedures to make a diagnosis of sunburn as this can be done from just looking at the appearance of your skin. […] However, certain blood tests may be run to rule out complications.

• #25 Sunburn – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sunburn

  Sunburn is common and occurs in individuals with all skin types. In the United States, the estimated sunburn prevalence (≥1 sunburn in the past 12 months) among all adults was approximately 34 percent in 2005, 37 percent in 2010, and 31 percent in 2015. Prevalences ranging from 20 to 70 percent have been reported in cross-sectional studies in Europe and Australia. […] In the United States, the one-year prevalence of sunburn in African Americans and Hispanic Americans was 13 and 30 percent, respectively. Higher rates of sunburn have been reported in Black people living in the United Kingdom and in Black Africans. In fact, sunburn in Black skin is probably more common than realized. In a study on people of Black African or Black Caribbean heritage living in the United Kingdom, over 50 percent reported a lifetime history of sunburn.

• #26 Clinically Diagnosed Sunburn Among Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2014–2022 | Health.mil

  https://staging-mobile.health.mil/sitecore/content/MHSHome/News/Articles/2023/11/01/Sunburn

  The incidence rate of sunburn diagnosis was higher among women compared to men. Non-Hispanic White service members had the highest rate compared to other races and ethnicities. The three youngest age groups, under 20 years, 20-24, and 25-29 years of age, had the highest incidence rates of sunburn diagnosis, with rates decreasing with increasing age until 45 years of age. The Marine Corps and Army had the highest rates among the services. Recruits had a significantly higher sunburn incidence compared to non-recruit enlisted service members and officers. […] Sunburn affects military readiness by removing service members from duty while their burns heal, affecting both garrison and combat missions. As a risk factor for future skin cancer, sunburn is a longitudinal concern for both the public health sector and the military due to the health care costs and time involved in management of melanoma and NMSC.11,12 Emphasis on prevention should continue.

• #27 How to Treat a Sunburn > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/how-to-treat-a-sunburn

  Doctors recommend treating a sunburn as soon as you notice it. […] Additionally, you can apply a cool compress to your skin and take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as ibuprofen, to ease discomfort. […] For children younger than 1 with a sunburn, call your doctor right away. […] If youre an adult, seek medical attention if you have severe blistering over a substantial portion of your body, have a fever and chills, or if you feel faint or confused. […] Skin will heal from a sunburn, but too much sun exposure can create long-term damage to the skin, including accelerating skin aging and potentially causing skin cancer. […] Medical experts advise preventing sunburns with these key steps: apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 in the summer (and reapply every two hours or more often if swimming or toweling off) and wear sun protective clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat.

• #28 Sunburn treatment online | Diagnosis & prescriptions for sunburn | Virtuwell

  https://www.virtuwell.com/condition/sun-burn

  Sunburns are dry, red or pink in color, painful to touch and can be swollen. A sunburn occurs when the top layer of the skin is burned. Blistering is not typical. You may also experience fever, headache and fatigue if the sunburn covers a large area. […] To start, just answer a few simple questions about your symptoms and upload a picture or two securely in your interview. Then our certified nurse practitioners diagnose your burn and send a personalized treatment plan. When a prescription is needed, we send it directly to the pharmacy you choose. […] Board-certified nurse practitioners review your answers right away. They make the diagnosis, and recommend the care you’ll need. If prescriptions are in the plan, they’re sent to your favorite pharmacy. […] You’ll get a text and email when your treatment plan is ready. If you have questions about your plan, follow-up care is free.

• #29 Sunburn Treatment | Sunburn Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://allcarefamilymed.com/services/sunburn-treatment/

  Yes, AllCare offers telemedicine services for sunburn consultations. […] At AllCare, we’re proud to deliver exceptional primary and urgent care to residents across Virginia, Maryland, and Washington D.C. […] Experience top-tier sunburn treatment in your community with AllCare, where your health is our priority.

• #30 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  Get the facts about skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States and worldwide. […] Having 5 or more sunburns doubles your risk for melanoma. […] On average, a person’s risk for melanoma doubles if they have had more than five sunburns. […] Regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing melanoma by 50 percent. […] The diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the U.S. increased by 77 percent between 1994 and 2014. […] About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. […] One study found that regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by about 40 percent when used as directed.

• #31 How to Minimize Sunburn Risk: Reduce Your Skin Cancer Chances

  https://www.molemap.net.au/skin-cancer/sunburn

  A recent report by the American Association for Cancer Research showed an increased risk among women who experienced at least five blistering sunburns between the ages of 15 to 21. […] Among the participants, those who reported a larger number of sunburns earlier in life showed an 80% higher chance of getting melanoma in later years and a 68% chance of getting basal cell carcinoma. […] We need to understand that sunburn itself does not cause skin cancer. It is the overexposure to the dangerous ultraviolet radiation that damages skin cells, weakening them and creating the opportunity for cancer to form. Sunburn is simply a symptom that highlights this skin damage. […] Since skin cancer is caused by the cumulative effects of UVB exposure, it makes sense that repeated sunburns can increase your chances of developing skin cancer later on.

• #32 Sunburn Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/sunburn/

  Prevention is very important. To reduce the risk of skin cancer later in life, it is important to prevent sunburns. […] If you have had several sunburns, regularly perform self-examinations to look for signs of skin cancer. […] For severe burns, in addition to pain-relieving medicine (usually NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen [Tylenol] and naproxen [Aleve]), your medical professional may prescribe a topical steroid cream or lotion, or prednisone, an oral steroid, to help reduce the inflammation. […] Sunburn does not usually require a medical professionals care. If you have a fever, however, see a medical professional because that indicates possible heatstroke. Additionally, if you are burned over a large portion of your body and there is severe discomfort and inflammation, seek medical attention. Also seek medical advice if there are signs of infection (such as swelling, pus, or blisters that turn yellow or red).

• #33 How to Minimize Sunburn Risk: Reduce Your Skin Cancer Chances

  https://www.molemap.net.au/skin-cancer/sunburn

  Statistics show that just five blistering sunburns as a teenager can substantially increase your risk of developing skin cancer. […] Practicing good prevention techniques is one of the best ways to stave off skin cancer, but what do you do if you have already experienced multiple sunburns over a lifetime and are concerned about developing skin cancer? Knowing the signs and symptoms of skin cancer is a vital component to staying healthy. […] Early detection is vital to eliminating the risk of skin cancer and ensuring your skin is healthy. […] To promptly assess your risk, schedule a professional skin check or mole check at a skin cancer clinic without delay. […] MoleMap specialises in skin cancer detection, diagnosis, proactive monitoring and treatment. Want the best protection against melanoma and other skin cancers? Get your skin and moles checked early and often at a MoleMap skin cancer clinic.

• #34 8 Ways to Prevent Skin Damage from Sunburns – BR Clinic

  https://batonrougeclinic.com/news-education/heres-what-happens-to-your-skin-when-you-get-a-sunburn/

  That’s why the more sunburns you get over your lifetime, the more you increase your risk for skin cancer. […] The best way to protect your skin is to avoid overexposure to UV rays by following these tips: […] Sunburns are a leading cause of skin cancer, so it’s best to do what you can to protect your skin from the damage caused by the sun. […] It’s also a good idea to see a dermatologist regularly so they can check for any suspicious-looking spots or moles that may indicate you have skin cancer. […] “Sun exposure is the major cause of many skin cancers, and it contributes to aging as well as brown spots. […] Simple precautions (like sunglasses, hats, sunscreen, umbrellas, and seeking shelter between 11 a.m. – 3 p.m.) are huge in the prevention of skin cancer.”

• #35 Sunburn | Cancer Trends Progress Report

  https://progressreport.cancer.gov/prevention/sun/sunburn

  Sunburn, also known as erythema, is caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which results in an acute cutaneous inflammatory response. […] Annually, over 33,000 sunburns are reported that require emergency room visits and may occur among people of all racial/ethnic groups. […] Previous sun burning, particularly experienced at younger ages, is a strong predictor of future skin cancer and especially melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. […] People with sun sensitive skin are more likely to incur sunburn and are at greater risk for skin cancer, especially melanoma, than those with relatively less sun sensitivity. […] Sun sensitivity reflects a persons characteristic skin response (e.g., a burn, a burn and then tan, etc.) after prolonged sun exposure or after a long period or season of being relatively unexposed.

• #36 Sunburn Diagnosis More Prevalent in Obese Individuals – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/news/sunburn-diagnosis-more-prevalent-in-obese-individuals/

  Obesity is associated with sunburn diagnosis, with increasing effect estimates found for increasing body mass index (BMI), researchers reported in a study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. […] According to multivariable logistic regression adjusted for region and insurance type, binary obesity was statistically significantly associated with a sunburn diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; 95% CI, 1.20-1.32), as were women (OR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.31), younger age (OR 0.98 per 1-year age increase; 95% CI, 0.98-0.98), and health care use (OR 1.02 per 1 additional outpatient encounter per year; 95% CI, 1.02-1.02). […] A positive association between obesity and objectively determined sunburn supports the theory that sunburn, or intermittent intense ultraviolet exposure, may explain some of the increased risk of melanoma among patients with obesity, stated the researchers.

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