Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oligodendroglioma: Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21191-oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendrogliomas often don’t cause symptoms until they disturb brain tissue around them. The most common symptoms are headaches or seizures. Up to 80% of people with oligodendroglioma will have a seizure because of this cancer. […] Besides seizures, oligodendrogliomas may cause focal symptoms. These symptoms indicate a problem that’s focused (hence the name focal) in a specific area of your brain. They usually affect a body part or an ability. Examples of focal symptoms can include: Muscle weakness or paralysis, especially on one side of your body or face. Hearing loss. Trouble speaking or understanding others who are talking (aphasia). Vision loss, double vision or blurred vision. Memory problems. Trouble thinking or concentrating. […] Oligodendroglioma is a type of brain tumor, so it’s a serious concern. But it’s more treatable and less dangerous than other types of gliomas. Most people won’t know they have oligodendroglioma until they have symptoms, especially seizures or headaches.

• #2 Oligodendroglioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oligodendroglioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20576736

  Oligodendroglioma is most common in adults, but it can happen at any age. Symptoms include seizures, headaches, and weakness or disability in a part of the body. Where this happens in the body depends on which parts of the brain or spinal cord are affected by the tumor. […] Signs and symptoms of oligodendroglioma include: Balance problems. Changes in behavior. Memory problems. Numbness on one side of the body. Problems speaking. Problems thinking clearly. Seizures. […] The tumor cells form a growth that may press on nearby parts of the brain or spinal cord as the growth gets bigger. Sometimes the DNA changes turn the tumor cells into cancer cells. Cancer cells can invade and destroy healthy body tissue.

• #2 Oligodendroglioma: Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21191-oligodendroglioma

  Treating oligodendroglioma is important because even low-grade, benign tumors can eventually turn into cancer. Limiting the spread of oligodendroglioma is a key way to prevent further complications or spreading to other parts of your body. […] An oligodendroglioma is serious, but the outlook tends to be positive. The five-year survival rates (the percentage of people who are alive five years after diagnosis) for low-grade oligodendrogliomas range from 69% to 90%. Younger adults have a higher five-year survival rate. The five-year survival rates for high-grade oligodendroglioma are 45% to 76%.

• #3 Oligodendrogliomas Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/oligodendrogliomas

  Oligodendrogliomas are tumors that develop from a certain type of cell called oligodendroglial progenitor cells. […] Symptoms of oligodendrogliomas may include the following: Seizures, Headaches, Changes in personality or behavior, Weakness, Partial vision loss, Language problems. […] The most common symptom is seizure, which nearly 80 percent of patients experience at some point during the course of the illness. […] However, a low-grade tumor can progress and become high-grade if untreated.

• #4 Oligodendroglioma – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentSecond Opinion IconGroup 9Second Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/oligodendroglioma/

  Oligodendroglioma Symptoms […] The specific symptoms of an oligodendroglioma depend on the tumor’s location, size, and the extent to which it presses on nearby brain tissue. […] You or someone you know might experience the following symptoms if you have an oligodendroglioma: […] Seizures: The most common symptom of an oligodendroglioma is a seizure, which is disorganized electrical activity in the brain. Nearly 60 percent of people experience a seizure before being diagnosed. What a seizure looks or feels like can vary depending on the part of the brain affected, from mild symptoms, like small muscle twitches or stiffening, to more severe ones, such as body convulsions or a loss of consciousness. […] Headaches: Headaches that are persistent, don’t respond to typical prevention measures, and are worse in the morning can occur as the oligodendroglioma grows and increases pressure inside your skull. […] Behavioral changes: Confusion, difficulty focusing, and memory issues may arise, mainly if your oligodendroglioma grows in the frontal lobe. Personality changes or mood swings may also occur as the brain regions responsible for emotion and behavior are affected. […] Weakness or numbness: Weakness, numbness, or tingling sensations on one side of the body can occur, primarily if the tumor affects your motor cortex or another region of the brain responsible for movement. […] Speech or language difficulties: An oligodendroglioma in or near the temporal or parietal lobes may cause problems with speaking or understanding language, or symptoms like slurred speech or trouble finding the right words. […] Vision or other sensory changes: If your tumor affects the occipital lobe or visual pathways, you may experience blurred vision, double vision, or partial vision loss. Other sensory changes, like changes in taste or smell, may also occur. […] Balance and coordination problems: Tumors in or near the cerebellum or brainstem can cause issues with balance and coordination. You may even notice you feel clumsier than usual or have trouble with fine motor skills. […] Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and low energy can be a direct symptom of an oligodendroglioma or a side effect of the body’s response. […] Because oligodendrogliomas are often slow-growing, symptoms usually appear gradually. Moreover, the same gradual symptoms, like reoccurring headaches or subtle cognitive changes, can be mistaken for less serious issues. This is why it is important to consult a trusted healthcare professional for evaluation and brain imaging studies to make a definitive diagnosis.

• #4 Oligodendroglioma – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentSecond Opinion IconGroup 9Second Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/oligodendroglioma/

  Oligodendroglioma progression […] Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma and tend to grow slowly, often over many years. […] Unlike other, more aggressive types of brain tumors, oligodendrogliomas are generally more mild in behavior. However, they still require medical attention and treatment because they can affect nearby brain tissue over time. […] Grade 2: Known as low-grade oligodendroglioma, these tumors grow slowly and can take years to cause noticeable symptoms. […] Grade 3: Known as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, these are higher-grade tumors that can grow rapidly, produce symptoms sooner, and have a higher tendency to spread within the brain.

• #5 Oligodendroglioma and Other IDH-Mutated Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/rare-brain-spine-tumor/tumors/oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendroglioma symptoms depend on the tumors location. The most common sign of an oligodendroglioma is a seizure. Around 60 percent of people have a seizure before being diagnosed. […] Here are some additional symptoms people may have: Headaches, Problems with thinking and memory, Weakness, Numbness, Problems with balance and movement. […] The relative five-year survival rate for oligodendroglioma is 79.5 percent. However, many factors affect prognosis. These include the tumor grade and molecular type, the persons age and health when diagnosed, and how they respond to treatment.

• #6 Let’s Talk About Oligodendroglioma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-oligodendroglioma/

  Seizures are one of the most common and often the first symptoms of oligodendroglioma. According to the National Cancer Institute, seizures are the most frequent sign of the disease, and research published in CNS Oncology reports that seizures represent the first clinical symptom in 60% of cases or more, with epilepsy developing in 70-90% of oligodendroglioma cases. […] People living with oligodendroglioma may have to navigate physical and/or cognitive fatigue. Physical fatigue drains the body, leading to heaviness, weakness, and difficulty with physical tasks. […] Cognitive fatigue impacts the mind, making it harder to focus, remember, or think clearly. […] For people living with oligodendroglioma, routine MRIs and other medical scans are a necessary part of managing the disease. However, with each scan comes scanxiety the stress, worry, and emotional toll that can surface before, during, and after imaging. The uncertainty of what the results may reveal, combined with the ever-present fear of tumor progression, makes scanxiety a common and deeply personal challenge. […] The anxiety before a scan is the reminder that I have a brain tumor and that more than likely the brain tumor will be what ends my life, said Brett J., who was diagnosed with oligodendroglioma in 2009. These scans are to find out if the tumor is active or not.

• #6 Let’s Talk About Oligodendroglioma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-oligodendroglioma/

  Oligodendrogliomas can develop anywhere in the brain but commonly occur in the frontal and temporal lobes. Because these regions control functions such as movement, memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation, symptoms can vary from patient to patient. […] Dr. Ghiaseddin frequently sees his patients deal with seizures, headaches, forgetfulness, fatigue, cognitive slowing, and subtle weakness or numbness if the tumor involves the motor strip or sensory area. […] For many, the first signs of an oligodendroglioma can be subtle often explained away or attributed to stress or aging. However, as the tumor progresses, symptoms can become more apparent. […] The biggest long-term issues are probably fatigue and memory, depending on the location, Dr. Ghiaseddin said. Many patients have some residual weakness [and] balance troubles so that they have more difficulty with their activities of daily living.

• #7 Oligodendroglioma – brain tumour | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/brain-tumour/oligodendroglioma

  Symptoms can depend on the size and position of the tumour. They also depend on how slowly or quickly it grows. Symptoms may develop suddenly, or slowly over months or even years. […] Symptoms may happen if a tumour presses on or grows into nearby areas of the brain. This can stop that part of the brain from working normally. Symptoms can also happen because the tumour causes a build-up of pressure inside the skull. This is called raised intracranial pressure. […] Possible symptoms include: seizures (fits), headaches, feeling or being sick, difficulty speaking or understanding words, weakness in an arm or a leg, problems with movement and balance, problems with sight. […] Seizures are often the first symptom. People with a slow-growing oligodendroglioma may have mild symptoms for several years before the tumour is found.

• #8 Oligodendroglioma | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/oligodendroglioma/

  Oligodendroglioma symptoms usually depend on where the tumour is located in the brain, but could include the sensation of strange smells or muscular weakness. […] Oligodendrogliomas may cause any of the symptoms common among brain tumours, particularly: seizures, altered sensations, like strange smells or hallucinations relating to sense of smell, muscular weakness, particularly down one side of the body, and loss of control of bodily movements. […] Often, oligodendroglioma symptoms depend on where the brain tumour is located. […] In the frontal lobe, oligodendrogliomas can cause gradual changes in mood and personality, and weakness or numbness in the muscles of one side of the body. […] If it is located in the temporal lobe, this may cause problems with speech, coordination and memory. […] Because they can be either grade 2 or grade 3, oligodendrogliomas don’t have a clear outcome. How you are affected depends on the details of your particular case.

• #9 What Is Oligodendroglioma?

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurology/conditions/oligodendroglioma/

  Symptoms of oligodendroglioma include: Poor vision, Abnormal speech, Memory issues, Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs, Unusual changes in personality, Nausea or vomiting and Seizures. […] To diagnose oligodendroglioma, the following tests may be performed: Neurological exam, Imaging, Blood workup, Stereotactic Biopsy, in selected individuals.

• #10 Oligodendroglioma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/oligodendroglioma

  Some general common symptoms of oligodendroglioma include the following: Seizures, Headaches, Weakness, Speech and language changes. […] Additional symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor. Oligodendroglioma occurring in the frontal lobe or temporal lobe can cause symptoms corresponding to the disruption of normal function in those areas. For example, the frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for many complex functions including personality, behavior, logic and reasoning, and control of movement. Tumors in this region of the brain may correspondingly result in the following symptoms: Changes in personality, Changes in behavior, Weakness or difficulty with body movements. […] In contrast, the temporal lobe of the brain is responsible for complex functions including memory and language. Tumors in this region of the brain may demonstrate noticeable symptoms including the following: Seizures, Speech problems.

• #10 Oligodendroglioma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/oligodendroglioma

  How well a patient with oligodendroglioma responds to treatment depends on a variety of factors, including the tumor grade (grade II or III), extent of surgical resection, patient age, and patient general health characteristics. Overall, survival rates for oligodendroglioma are difficult to predict, given the rarity of the condition. […] In general though, complete surgical removal of the tumor offers the best patient outcomes for long-term survival. For patients with the slower-growing oligodendroglioma (grade II), surgery is often sufficient to remain tumor-free for many years. However, patients will continue to be monitored for both tumor recurrence and progression to a higher grade tumor. It is critical that all patients receive frequent monitoring by a neuro-oncologist for tumor recurrence or regrowth.

• #11 Symptoms of Oligodendrogliomas | Neurological Surgery

  https://neurosurgery.weillcornell.org/condition/oligodendroglioma/symptoms-oligodendrogliomas

  Symptoms of an oligodendroglioma brain tumor depend on where in the brain the tumor is located. Many oligodendrogliomas appear in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. […] If a brain tumor is located in the frontal lobe, symptoms may include gradual changes in mood and personality, impaired judgment, seizures, and weakness or numbness in muscles on one side of the body. […] If an oligodendroglioma is in the temporal lobe, the tumor may lead to language difficulties, both speaking and understanding, as well as memory problems and seizures. […] Common symptoms of an oligodendroglioma are: Altered sensations (strange smells, hallucinations relating to sense of smell), Changes in personality, Difficulty with balance, Dizziness, Headaches not alleviated by painkillers, worse in the morning, may cause nausea/vomiting, Muscular weakness on one side of body and loss of control of body movements, Nausea, Seizures (most individuals with this type of brain tumor experience seizures). […] Visual loss (altered vision or visual hallucinations).

• #12 Oligodendroglioma | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/oligodendroglioma

  Due to the relatively slow growth rate of oligodendrogliomas, your child may have been having symptoms for many months by the time he sees the doctor, although symptoms can come on rapidly, too. While each child may experience symptoms differently, the most common ones are caused by increased pressure in the brain and include: […] Your child might also experience seizures and hemiparesis (weakness on one side of his body). The symptoms of an oligodendroglioma may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child’s physician for a diagnosis.

• #13 Oligodendroglioma Symptoms and Treatment | UPMC | Pittsburgh, PA

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/brain/conditions/brain-tumors/oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendrogliomas often are more anatomically discrete than astrocytomas, another type of glioma, and they are usually more superficial in the brain. […] Symptoms of oligodendroglioma Your doctor will also ask you about your symptoms. These may include: Headaches/seizures, Nausea or vomiting, Weakness or loss of sensation in the arms and/or legs, Speech, vision, or memory problems, Personality changes.

• #14 Oligodendroglioma – NEURO

  https://neurosurgerycnj.com/brain/oligodendroglioma/

  The most common symptoms of oligodendroglioma are: Seizures, Headaches, Personality changes. […] If located in the frontal lobe of the brain, oligodendroglioma may cause: Weakness on one side of the body, Behavior changes and cognitive problems, such as memory loss, Vision loss, Paralysis. […] If the tumor is located in the temporal lobe, there are often no or very few symptoms, with the rare, but possible chance of seizures or language problems. […] Though completely eliminating the tumor or disease process is rare, oligodendroglioma has a higher brain cancer survival rate than most other brain tumors due to their slow growth and usually excellent response to treatment. Prolonging the life expectancy of someone with an oligodendroglioma is possible. […] Life expectancy depends on the grade of the tumor, how early it is diagnosed, its location and individual factors, such as comorbidities (other disease conditions present). Life expectancy statistics are not predictive as they do not account for individual factors, such as overall health. […] On average, people with a grade II oligodendroglioma are likely to live about 12 years after diagnosis. People with a grade III oligodendroglioma live an average of 3.5 years after diagnosis.

• #15 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.246 – Oligodendroglioma Brain Cancer – Grade III – 09/06/2022

  https://secure.ssa.gov/POMS.nsf/lnx/0423022246

  Oliogodendroglioma (OD) Brain Cancer is a rare, slow growing cancer that initially consists of oligodendrocytes, which are, cells that cover and protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Cancers that are located in the frontal lobe may cause weakness on one side of the body, personality or behavior changes, and difficulty with short- term memory. Cancers occurring in the temporal lobe of the brain may cause seizures or language problems. […] People with these cancers may present with complaints of: […] Headaches; […] Seizures; […] Increased intracranial pressure; and […] Neurological deficits such as, visual loss, motor weakness, and cognitive decline. […] Oligodendrogliomas can occur at any age, but are commonly diagnosed in young and middle age adults with a median age between 40-50 years of age. This cancer may occasionally be found in children. Because low-grade cancers are slow growing, they are often present for years before they are diagnosed; however, higher grade cancers are likely to grow more quickly.

• #16 Oligodendroglial Tumor: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://manhattanmedicalarts.com/conditions-symptoms/oligodendroglial-tumor

  Oligodendrogliomas tumor can cause any of the following symptoms, which are typical in brain tumors: […] Oligodendroglioma symptoms are frequently affected by the location of the brain tumor. […] Oligodendrogliomas in the frontal lobe can produce gradual changes in mood and personality and weakness or numbness in the muscles on one side of the body. […] If it occurs in the temporal lobe, it can interfere with speech, coordination, and memory.

• #17 Oligodendrogliomas | AdventHealth Cancer Institute

  https://www.adventhealthcancerinstitute.com/programs/brain-spine-cancer/oliogodendrogliomas

  Because of their generally slow growth, Oligodendrogliomas are often present for years before they are diagnosed. The most common symptoms are seizures, headaches and personality changes. Other symptoms vary by location and size of the tumor. […] Tumors of the frontal lobe may cause weakness on one side of the body, personality or behavior changes, and difficulty with short-term memory. Temporal lobe tumors are usually silent, causing few symptoms other than perhaps seizures or language problems.

• #18 Oligodendroglioma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/types/oligodendroglioma

  Seizure is the most common presenting symptom for patients with oligodendrogliomas. Many patients may have a history of seizures for several years prior to the diagnosis. Other symptoms are often associated with the tumor pressing on certain structures within the brain and include: […] Headaches […] Vertigo […] Nausea and vomiting […] Memory problems […] Personality and behavioral changes […] Speech difficulty […] Difficulty with balance and movement […] Limb weakness […] Numbness and tingling.

• #19 Oligodendroglioma history and symptoms – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oligodendroglioma_history_and_symptoms

  When evaluating a patient for oligodendroglioma, a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, a thorough past medical history review, and review of common risk factors such as family history of brain tumors. Oligodendroglioma is a slow-growing, infiltrative tumor that may be clinically silent for many years. With tumor progression, symptoms may vary depending upon the location, size, and rate of tumor growth. Oligodendroglioma mainly involves the frontal lobe. Symptoms associated with oligodendroglioma include seizure, headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, visual loss, diplopia, strabismus, muscle weakness, numbness, speech difficulties, mood disturbances, personality changes, memory problems, low energy, fatigue, urge to sleep, loss of interest in daily activities, abulia, lack of spontaneity, loss of consciousness with syncope (few tonic-clonic jerks), and classic triad of headache, nausea, and papilledema due to raised intracranial pressure.

• #20 Oligodendroglioma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559184/

  Oligodendrogliomas (OGs) are rare, slow-growing brain tumors that typically arise in the cerebral hemispheric white matter, most commonly in the frontal lobes. These tumors often present with symptoms such as seizures, headaches, or focal neurological deficits. […] Patients with OGs often present with nonspecific symptoms such as headaches or more specific findings like seizures, which are among the most common presenting complaints. Seizures are reported in 35% to 91% of cases, making them a hallmark symptom of OG. […] Depending on the tumor’s location, patients occasionally develop focal neurological deficits such as weakness, sensory disturbances, aphasia, or visual field deficits. Increased intracranial pressure symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and papilledema, may occur in cases with significant mass effects or hydrocephalus.

• #20 Oligodendroglioma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559184/

  Patients with high-grade or anaplastic OGs may present with a rapid onset of symptoms and severe neurological deficits due to the tumors fast growth. The history and physical examination provide critical clues for early recognition and guide the need for diagnostic imaging and further management. […] Low-grade OGs (WHO Grade II), which by definition have 1p/19q deletion and IDH mutant, have a better prognosis than astrocytomas without these genetic markers. OGs have a median survival time of 10 to 12 years and 5-year progression-free and overall survival rates of 51% to 83%. Younger patients, patients without other comorbidities, and those with a greater extent of tumor resection tend to have a better prognosis. […] The overall and 5-year survival rates decrease with higher-grade anaplastic OGs, where the median survival time is 3.5 years in WHO Grade III tumors.

• #21 Oligodendroglioma in Children and Teens – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/cancers/oligodendroglioma.html

  An oligodendroglioma often grows slowly. It may be present for years before it causes problems. Signs and symptoms of oligodendroglioma depend on the childs age, tumor size and location, and how fast the tumor grows. […] Oligodendroglioma symptoms may include: Seizures (most common), Changes in personality or behavior, Headaches, Vision problems, Weakness or numbness on one side of the body. […] About half of patients experience seizures before diagnosis. Most patients (about 80%) will have seizures at some point during their illness. […] Oligodendroglioma is much more common in adults than children. Less is known about the prognosis for young patients. Overall, children have better outcomes than adults. […] The 5-year survival rate for childhood oligodendroglioma is greater than 80%. But treatment outcomes can vary widely based on the success of surgery, age at diagnosis, features of the tumor, and other factors. Recurrence is common, even among long-term survivors. […] Low-grade gliomas, including some oligodendrogliomas, are often a chronic or long-term disease. Although the long-term survival rate for low-grade glioma is high, the tumor often comes back or progresses over time.

• #22

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/neuroscience/brain-skull-base-care/brain-tumor/oligodendroglioma

  About 60% of people who are diagnosed with an oligodendroglioma brain tumor have a seizure before their diagnosis. […] Slow-growing oligodendroglial tumors of the brain sometimes dont cause any symptoms for a long time. If a grade 2 tumor turns into a grade 3 tumor, it will start to grow quickly and is more likely to cause symptoms. […] The first symptom of a grade 3 tumor is often a seizure, which happens before diagnosis for many people. Other potential oligodendroglioma symptoms include: Balance and movement problems, Headaches, Numbness and tingling, Problems with thinking and memory, Weakness. […] Oligodendroglioma symptoms are different for each person. They depend on the size and location of the tumor. When a tumor grows big enough to put pressure on a part of the brain, it affects functions governed by that part of the brain. […] Oligodendroglioma tumors usually dont spread beyond the brain.

• #23 Oligodendroglioma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/brain-and-spinal-cord/what-is-a-brain-or-spinal-cord-tumour/oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that starts in glial cells called oligodendrocytes. Oligodendroglioma sometimes spreads to the cerebrospinal fluid but rarely spreads outside the brain or spinal cord. […] Low-grade oligodendrogliomas are grade 2 tumours. They are slow growing and may be present for many years before they are diagnosed. These tumours can become more aggressive over time. People with oligodendrogliomas may have a long history of seizures. […] Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are high-grade tumours. Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas usually grow quickly. Tumours may develop in one place or in many places throughout the brain.

• #24 Oligodendroglioma | Neurological Surgery

  https://neurosurgery.weillcornell.org/condition/oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendroglioma is a primary brain tumor, meaning it originates in the brain rather than having spread from another location in the body. […] Often, because of their slow growth, a grade II oligodendroglioma can be present for years before symptoms appear and a diagnosis is made. […] Grade III oligodendrogliomas, also known as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, are fast-growing and cancerous, spreading into nearby tissues.

• #25 Oligodendroglioma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendroglioma

  Oligodendroglioma arise mainly in the frontal lobe and in 50-80% of cases, the first symptom is the onset of seizure activity without any prior symptoms. […] Headaches combined with increased intracranial pressure are also a common symptom of oligodendroglioma. Depending on the location of the tumor, many different neurological and neuropsychological deficits can be induced, including, but not limited to, visual loss, motor weakness, cognitive decline, and anxiety. […] Oligodendrogliomas, like all other infiltrating gliomas, have a very high (almost uniform) rate of recurrence and gradually increase in grade over time. Recurrent tumors are generally treated with more aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Long-term survival is reported in a minority of patients. […] With aggressive treatment and close monitoring, it is possible to outlive the typical life expectancies for low grade oligodendroglioma.

• #26 Multi-faceted computational assessment of risk and progression in oligodendroglioma implicates NOTCH and PI3K pathways | npj Precision Oncology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41698-018-0067-9

  Oligodendrogliomas are diffusely infiltrative gliomas defined by IDH-mutation and co-deletion of 1p/19q. They have highly variable clinical courses, with survivals ranging from 6 months to over 20 years, but little is known regarding the pathways involved with their progression or optimal markers for stratifying risk. […] Our multi-faceted computational approach uncovered key genetic alterations associated with disease progression and shorter survival in oligodendroglioma and specifically identified Notch pathway inactivation and PI3K pathway activation as the most strongly associated with MRI and pathology findings of advanced disease and poor clinical outcome. […] Our approach confirmed the association of NOTCH1 mutations with disease progression and shorter survival in oligodendroglioma, and further uncovered aberrant regulation of Notch and PI3K pathways as most strongly associated with advanced disease.

• #26 Multi-faceted computational assessment of risk and progression in oligodendroglioma implicates NOTCH and PI3K pathways | npj Precision Oncology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41698-018-0067-9

  Contrast-enhancement observed on MRI is a well-known marker of higher-grade disease. […] Higher cell density trended towards worse OS (mean 152.8 vs. 126.1 months; P=0.076) and worse PFS (median 142.8 vs. 95.9 months; P=0.14). […] Patients with high cellular proliferation (n=31) had worse OS (median 154.3 vs. 62.0 months; P=0.001); no significant difference was noted in PFS (P=0.38). […] Among 55 patients with MR imaging, NOTCH1 mutations were most strongly associated with CE+ tumors, with 13 of 14 NOTCH1 mutants being CE+ (P=0.008). […] Our results suggest inactivation of Notch signaling may be more relevant to oligodendroglioma progression than NOTCH1 mutations alone. […] Importantly, our identification of Notch and PI3K pathways association with survival risk and disease progression does not demonstrate a causal or temporal relationship, and represents an inherent limitation of our study.

• #27 Extracranial metastatic oligodendroglioma with molecular progression, case presentation | Diagnostic Pathology | Full Text

  https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13000-024-01529-7

  Oligodendroglioma is molecularly defined by the presence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (most commonly IDH1 p.R132H) or IDH2 mutations and 1p/19q codeletion, frequently with an additional Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation. […] While extraneural metastasis of a primary CNS neoplasm is rare in general, oligodendrogliomas seem to have the lowest risk of extracranial metastasis as seen in a 1979 reported series of 116 cases of CNS tumors with extracranial metastases, of which oligodendrogliomas represented 5.25%. […] The diagnosis of oligodendroglioma requires the simultaneous presence of an IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion. […] The combination of gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10 (+7/-10) is a characteristic molecular signature for IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and may indicate molecular progression of the oligodendroglioma.

• #27 Extracranial metastatic oligodendroglioma with molecular progression, case presentation | Diagnostic Pathology | Full Text

  https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13000-024-01529-7

  This case study presents an example of a metastatic oligodendroglioma with bone marrow metastasis. […] In metastatic oligodendroglioma, involvement of the bone marrow is a relatively common localization. […] We identified molecular progression in the metastasis that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described in metastatic oligodendroglioma.

• #28 Survival outcome and prognostic factors in anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a single-institution study of 95 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77228-2

  The GTR group had a significantly longer PFS than non-GTR groups (median PFS 41.1 vs. 23.9 months, HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.97, p=0.038). […] Strong enhancement was a negative prognostic factor for PFS and OS (median PFS 18.6 vs. 42.1 months, HR 1.98, p=0.014; median OS 45.5 vs. 84.1 months, HR 1.68, p=0.094). […] A lower Ki-67 index was related to a better survival outcome (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.28-0.87, p=0.034). […] The IDH1/2-mutant group also had a significantly longer PFS and OS than the IDH1/2-wildtype group (median PFS 54.2 vs. 9.5 months, HR 0.1753, p=0.0001; median OS 57.8 vs. 22.8 months, HR 0.07929, p=0.0001). […] In subgroup analysis of IDH1/2-mutant and 1p/19-codeleted AO patients, the GTR group had better PFS than the non-GTR group.

• #28 Survival outcome and prognostic factors in anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a single-institution study of 95 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77228-2

  The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors including surgical, radiographic, and histopathologic analyses in anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) patients. […] The median PFS and OS were 24.7 months and 50.8 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year PFS were 75.8%, 42.9%, 32.4%, and 16.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 98.9%, 76.9%, 42.9%, and 29.7%, respectively. […] In univariate analyses, young age, frontal lobe, weak enhancement, gross total resection (GTR), low Ki-67 index, 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH1/2 mutations were associated with a favorable outcome. […] The median PFS was 19.0 months (range: 2.8-202.3 months) and the median OS was 37.7 months (range: 12.0-202.3 months). The progression-free 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 75.8%, 42.9%, 32.4%, and 16.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 98.9%, 76.9%, 42.9%, and 29.7%, respectively.

• #29 Oligodendroglioma – Brain Tumour Foundation of Canada

  https://www.braintumour.ca/brain_tumour_types/oligodendroglioma/

  Common symptoms include, but are not necessarily limited to: […] Behavioural and cognitive changes […] Headaches […] Seizures […] Weakness or paralysis. […] Oligodendrogliomas are generally felt to be incurable using current treatments. However compared to the more common astrocytomas, they are slowly growing with prolonged survival. […] Oligodendrogliomas, like all other infiltrating gliomas, have a very high (almost uniform) rate of recurrence and gradually increase in grade over time. Recurrent tumours are generally treated with more aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

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• #31 Anaplastic oligodendroglioma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplastic_oligodendroglioma

  Symptoms of anaplastic oligodendroglioma may include: Seizure, Headache, Weakness on one side of the body, Language difficulties, Behavior and personality changes, Balance and movement problems, Memory problems. […] The vast majority of oligodendrogliomas occur sporadically, without a confirmed cause and without inheritance within a family. […] Surgery can help reduce symptoms caused by the tumor. […] Since typically the cells of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma have already migrated into the surrounding healthy brain tissue at the time of diagnosis, a complete surgical removal of all tumor cells is not possible. […] A retrospective study on 1054 patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma, presented during the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting, suggests that PCV therapy may be effective. […] Recent studies suggest that radiation does not improve overall survival (even when age, clinical data, histological grading, and type of surgery are considered).

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• #33 Glioma Brain Tumors: Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Glioblastoma

  https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-glioma.htm

  Symptoms of gliomas depend on their location in the brain. Common signs include headaches, seizures, nausea, numbness or weakness on one side of the body, personality or cognitive changes, or aphasia. […] Some grade 2 gliomas recur and evolve into more aggressive tumors (grade 3 or 4). […] Patients often present with seizures, neurologic deficits, headaches, or changes in mental status. […] Glioblastoma spreads quickly and invades other parts of the brain, with tentacle-like projections, making complete surgical removal difficult. It is common for GBMs to recur after initial treatment. […] Recurrence of grade 3 or 4 gliomas common. It often occurs at the site of the initial tumor, usually within 2 cm.

• #34 Oligodendroglioma: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Strategies, and 2025 Breakthroughs – OncoDaily

  https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/oligodendroglioma

  Because symptoms can be subtle and progress slowly, diagnosis is sometimes delayed until seizures or noticeable neurological changes prompt imaging studies. […] […] For WHO grade 3 (anaplastic oligodendroglioma), the disease behaves more aggressively but still offers a relatively prolonged survival compared to other high-grade gliomas. Median survival ranges from 8 to 12 years, depending on patient age, performance status, extent of resection, and response to therapy. […] While recurrence is common, oligodendrogliomas often respond well to repeat treatment. However, transformation into a more aggressive phenotype (e.g., therapy-resistant grade 3 disease) can occur in later stages. Ongoing monitoring with MRI and, increasingly, molecular surveillance via liquid biopsy is essential for early detection of progression.

• #35 Oligodendroglioma Prognosis and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/oligodendroglioma-overview-and-more-5199472

  Children (ages 0-14): 94% […] Adolescents and Young Adults (ages 15-39): 92.2% […] Adults (ages 40+): 76.8%. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with a brain tumor, such as an oligodendroglioma, it’s normal to feel overwhelmed. You may have to deal with speech, thinking, balance, cognitive, or motor skill challenges. Additionally, you may experience seizures or headaches that interfere with your daily life. Certain therapies and medications are available for many of these problems. […] Oligodendrogliomas are rare brain tumors that cause neurological symptoms. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are typical treatment methods for this condition. The five-year survival rate for oligodendrogliomas is encouraging and new therapies are currently being investigated. Getting an accurate diagnosis and the appropriate treatment improves your outlook for oligodendrogliomas.

• #36 Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma: Treatment, Outlook, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-tumor/anaplastic-oligodendroglioma

  The most common symptom of AO is a seizure. About 60% of people have a seizure before their diagnosis. […] Other symptoms may include: headaches, memory problems and difficulty concentrating, weakness, numbness, balance issues. […] The outlook for people with AO depends on the tumor size, location, and other factors. Early diagnosis and a successful response to treatment may help improve your prognosis. […] The average survival rate for people after receiving an AO diagnosis is 3.5 years. […] However, about 36% of people with AO survive for at least 10 years after their diagnosis. […] Although there is no cure for AO, doctors can treat this rare type of brain tumor with surgery, chemotherapy, and other treatments.

• #37 Oligodendroglial brain tumor survivors run the risk of developing long-term cognitive impairment – IDIBELL

  https://idibell.cat/en/2019/10/oligodendroglial-brain-tumor-survivors-run-the-risk-of-developing-long-term-cognitive-impairment/

  Oligodendroglioma is one of the few brain tumors in which current treatments achieve prolonged and significant survival rates. […] The research results, recently published in the journal Neuro-Oncology, show that patients with grade II and III oligodendroglial tumors (according to the World Health Organization classification) present, after more than 5 years of treatment completion, a degree of cognitive impairment that is considered serious in up to 38% of those affected. This late cognitive toxicity is mainly associated with cerebral atrophy and damage to the cerebral white matter. […] Specifically, the overall 10-year survival rate with standard treatment is almost 80% for grade II oligodendrogliomas and 60% for grade III, a figure never seen before in malignant gliomas. […] Results obtained indicate that long-term survivors of an oligodendroglial tumor that underwent a standard treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, show cognitive impairment after more than five years of its completion, especially in memory and executive functions. This impairment is associated with late damage of the gray matter (the neurons) and the white substance (the connections between neurons). […] These results obtained by the IDIBELL group show, for the first time, the need to develop new treatment strategies for patients with oligodendroglial tumors for which long survival is expected.

• #38 Cognitive and brain structural changes in long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6827827/

  We identify cognitive impairment and MRI structural brain changes in long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone (21%) or with chemotherapy (CT) (79%). […] Six of 22 patients (27.3%) in Group 1; 5/13 (38.5%) in Group 2; and 9/13 (69.2%) in Group 3 had cognitive impairment that was considered severe in 3/22 patients (13.6%) in Group 1; 4/13 (30.8%) in Group 2; and 6/13 (46.2%) in Group 3. […] Long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors who underwent standard RT CT treatment, mainly 5 years of its completion, present cognitive impairment, especially on memory and executive functions, associated with late GM and WM damage, thus highlighting the need of developing future strategies in patients with oligodendroglial tumor and long expected survival. […] Long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors are at risk of developing cognitive impairment.

• #38 Cognitive and brain structural changes in long-term oligodendroglial tumor survivors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6827827/

  Late cognitive toxicity is associated with brain atrophy and white matter damage. […] Our study showed that WHO grades II and III oligodendroglial tumor patients after 5 years of treatment completion, present cognitive impairment, that was considered severe in up to 38% of patients, accompanied by structural GM and WM damage, highlighting the need of developing future strategies in patients with long expected survival. […] Our study revealed that 38% of patients with WHO grades II and III oligodendroglial tumors and long-term survival (5 y since treatment completion) met criteria for severe cognitive impairment. […] Following 5 years since treatment completion, nearly 40% of patients presented cognitive deficits (being severe in most of them) accompanied by an absolute GM volume loss (brain atrophy) and increased WM damage. […] More important, cognitive deterioration was strongly associated with GM volume loss and increased leukoencephalopathy in this population with expected long survival.

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