Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Retinal Detachment | National Eye Institute

  https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment

  Dilated eye exam […] If you experience any symptoms of retinal detachment, go to your eye doctor or the emergency room right away. Early treatment can help prevent permanent vision loss. […] If you see any warning signs of a retinal detachment, your eye doctor can check your eyes with a dilated eye exam. Your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then look at your retina at the back of your eye. […] Depending on how much of your retina is detached and what type of retinal detachment you have, your eye doctor may recommend laser surgery, freezing treatment, or other types of surgery to fix any tears or breaks in your retina and reattach your retina to the back of your eye.

• #2 Retinal Detachment – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. […] Diagnosis is by funduscopy; ultrasonography may help determine the presence and type of retinal detachment if it cannot be seen with funduscopy. […] Retinal detachment should be suspected in patients, particularly those at risk, who have any of the following: Sudden increase or change in floaters, Photopsias, Curtain or veil across the visual field, Any sudden, unexplained loss of vision, Vitreous hemorrhage that obscures the retina. […] Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows the retinal detachment and can differentiate the subtypes of retinal detachment in nearly all cases. […] If vitreous hemorrhage (which may be due to a retinal tear), cataract, corneal opacification, or traumatic injury obscures the retina, retinal detachment should be suspected and B-scan ultrasonography should be done.

• #3 Diagnosing Retinal Detachment | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinal-detachment/diagnosis

  NYU Langone ophthalmologists identify retinal detachment during an eye exam. In this condition, the retina—the light-sensitive layer of nerve tissue located in the back of the eye—peels away from the underlying supportive tissue. The affected portion of retina is therefore detached from its supply of blood and oxygen. […] Without treatment, you may experience irreversible vision loss. Retinal detachment is considered an urgent medical condition requiring prompt treatment. The condition usually affects only one eye. […] NYU Langone ophthalmologists diagnose a retinal detachment during a routine eye exam. Your doctor may first ask about your symptoms and any recent changes in your vision. […] During the exam, your ophthalmologist puts drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, the pupil, giving the doctor a clear view of the lens of the eye, as well as the retina. Your doctor may also use an ophthalmoscope, an instrument with a bright light and special magnifying lenses, to examine your retina for any holes or tears. […] If your doctor finds a retinal tear, you are at an increased risk of developing retinal detachment. Your doctor may choose to seal the hole to prevent a detachment. If you have a retinal detachment, several treatment options are available to prevent permanent damage or vision loss.

• #4 Diagnosing Retinal Detachment | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinal-detachment/diagnosis

  NYU Langone ophthalmologists identify retinal detachment during an eye exam. In this condition, the retina—the light-sensitive layer of nerve tissue located in the back of the eye—peels away from the underlying supportive tissue. The affected portion of retina is therefore detached from its supply of blood and oxygen. […] Without treatment, you may experience irreversible vision loss. Retinal detachment is considered an urgent medical condition requiring prompt treatment. The condition usually affects only one eye. […] NYU Langone ophthalmologists diagnose a retinal detachment during a routine eye exam. Your doctor may first ask about your symptoms and any recent changes in your vision. […] During the exam, your ophthalmologist puts drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, the pupil, giving the doctor a clear view of the lens of the eye, as well as the retina. Your doctor may also use an ophthalmoscope, an instrument with a bright light and special magnifying lenses, to examine your retina for any holes or tears. […] If your doctor finds a retinal tear, you are at an increased risk of developing retinal detachment. Your doctor may choose to seal the hole to prevent a detachment. If you have a retinal detachment, several treatment options are available to prevent permanent damage or vision loss.

• #5 Retinal Detachment: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10705-retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment is a medical emergency even though it’s painless and happens when your retina pulls away from supporting tissue in your eye. […] You need an eye exam to diagnose retinal detachment. Your eye care provider will use a dilated eye exam to check your retina. […] Your provider may recommend other tests after the dilated eye exam. These tests are noninvasive. They won’t hurt. They help your provider see your retina clearly and in more detail: […] After treatment for a detached retina, you may have some discomfort. It can last for a few weeks. Your provider will discuss pain medicine and other forms of relief. […] If you notice detached retina symptoms a sudden increase in eye floaters, flashes of light or darkening of your vision get care right away. Call your eye care provider or go to the emergency room. You’ll need some type of surgery to fix a detached retina. Waiting even days for treatment could mean permanent loss of vision.

• #6

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina

  A detached retina has to be examined by an ophthalmologist right away. Otherwise, you could lose vision in that eye. […] Your ophthalmologist will put drops in your eye to dilate (widen) the pupil. Then they will look through a special lens to check your retina for any changes. […] All surgery has risks of problems. But if you do not treat a detached retina, you could quickly and permanently lose your sight. Here are some of the risks of surgery for detached retina:

• #7 Retinal detachment – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/651

  Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. […] Diagnosis usually relies on indirect ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp exam, with B-scan ultrasonography reserved for cases with media opacity. […] Key diagnostic factors include loss or deterioration of central vision, flashes of light, and loss of peripheral visual field. […] 1st tests to order include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. […] Tests to consider include wide-field color photography, optical coherence tomography (affected eye), B-scan ultrasonography (affected eye), and CT/MRI of orbit.

• #8 Retinal detachment – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/651

  Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, sub-retinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. […] Diagnosis usually relies on indirect ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp examination, with B-scan ultrasonography reserved for cases with media opacity. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, loss or deterioration of central vision, flashes of light, and loss of peripheral visual field. […] 1st investigations to order include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. […] Investigations to consider include wide-field colour photography, optical coherence tomography (affected eye), B-scan ultrasonography (affected eye), and CT/MRI of orbit.

• #9 Evaluation and Management of Suspected Retinal Detachment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0401/p1691.html

  All patients with acute onset of flashes or floaters should be referred to an ophthalmologist. […] The direct (hand-held) ophthalmoscope is useful to detect an altered red reflex sometimes associated with retinal detachment. However, because its view is narrow, a normal examination with the direct ophthalmoscope cannot exclude a diagnosis of retinal detachment. […] Ophthalmologists use indirect examination techniques that greatly enhance visualization of the peripheral fundus. […] Surgical repair is indicated more urgently in patients with preserved central acuity, less urgently in patients whose macula detached in the previous hours to days, and routinely in those whose macula has been detached for several days or weeks.

• #10 Retinal detachment – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_detachment

  Retinal detachment is usually diagnosed through a dilated eye exam. […] If needed, additional imaging tests can help confirm the diagnosis. […] The gold standard for diagnosing retinal detachment is a dilated fundus examination to check the back of the eye using an indirect ophthalmoscope. […] If the view of the retina is not clear, imaging techniques such as ultrawide-field fundus photography, B-scan ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) may help to identify a detachment. […] MRI and CT scans are less commonly used for the diagnosis of retinal detachment, but they may be useful in certain cases. […] In an emergency department setting, bedside ultrasonography can also be used for diagnosis.

• #11 Retinal Detachment – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Retinal_Detachment

  Retinal detachment is a sight threatening condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10000. […] Patients who present with symptoms of new onset significant photopsias and/or persistent new floaters should be suspected of having a retinal tear, which could lead to a retinal detachment. A patient with constant fixed or slowly progressive visual field loss should be suspected of having a detachment until proven otherwise. […] Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has a characteristic appearance differentiating it from a tractional or serous detachment. A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has a corrugated appearance and undulates with eye movements. […] Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a clinical diagnosis. Where available, it is sometimes appropriate to examine and document macula status with ocular coherence tomography and/or wide field fundus photography.

• #12 Retinal Detachment

  https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment may be unilateral or bilateral. […] Diagnosis of RD is made during a thorough ophthalmic examination that includes either direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. RD will appear either as a thin grey veil of tissue with visible blood vessels or as a hyporeflective section of the fundus with indistinct or fuzzy margins on ophthalmoscopy. […] Ocular ultrasonography is necessary if the posterior segment of the eye cannot be visualized because of corneal opacity, debris in the anterior chamber associated with uveitis, or cataract; ultrasonography may show a thin, linear hyperechoic structure protruding into the vitreal chamber. […] When a patient has acute vision loss and RD, investigation of the underlying cause should include measurement of systolic blood pressure, a complete physical examination, and a minimum database consisting of a CBC, serum chemistry panel, and urinalysis.

• #13 Retinal Detachment: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10705-retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment is a medical emergency even though it’s painless and happens when your retina pulls away from supporting tissue in your eye. […] You need an eye exam to diagnose retinal detachment. Your eye care provider will use a dilated eye exam to check your retina. […] Your provider may recommend other tests after the dilated eye exam. These tests are noninvasive. They won’t hurt. They help your provider see your retina clearly and in more detail: […] After treatment for a detached retina, you may have some discomfort. It can last for a few weeks. Your provider will discuss pain medicine and other forms of relief. […] If you notice detached retina symptoms a sudden increase in eye floaters, flashes of light or darkening of your vision get care right away. Call your eye care provider or go to the emergency room. You’ll need some type of surgery to fix a detached retina. Waiting even days for treatment could mean permanent loss of vision.

• #14 Retinal Detachment Types, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/eye/conditions/retinal-detachment

  Doctors define retinal detachment as a tearing or separating of the retina from the rest of the eye. […] To diagnose retinal detachment, your doctor will use some form of retinal imaging and other methods, such as: A dilated eye exam. Your doctor will give you eye drops to widen your pupil to get a better view inside your eye. They may press on your eyelids to check for retinal tears. […] An ultrasound. This test uses high-frequency sound waves to pick up signs of retinal detachment. […] An optical coherence tomography scan. This test takes highly detailed pictures of your retina using light waves.

• #15 Retinal Detachment – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. […] Diagnosis is by funduscopy; ultrasonography may help determine the presence and type of retinal detachment if it cannot be seen with funduscopy. […] Retinal detachment should be suspected in patients, particularly those at risk, who have any of the following: Sudden increase or change in floaters, Photopsias, Curtain or veil across the visual field, Any sudden, unexplained loss of vision, Vitreous hemorrhage that obscures the retina. […] Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows the retinal detachment and can differentiate the subtypes of retinal detachment in nearly all cases. […] If vitreous hemorrhage (which may be due to a retinal tear), cataract, corneal opacification, or traumatic injury obscures the retina, retinal detachment should be suspected and B-scan ultrasonography should be done.

• #16 Retinal Detachment

  https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment may be unilateral or bilateral. […] Diagnosis of RD is made during a thorough ophthalmic examination that includes either direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy. RD will appear either as a thin grey veil of tissue with visible blood vessels or as a hyporeflective section of the fundus with indistinct or fuzzy margins on ophthalmoscopy. […] Ocular ultrasonography is necessary if the posterior segment of the eye cannot be visualized because of corneal opacity, debris in the anterior chamber associated with uveitis, or cataract; ultrasonography may show a thin, linear hyperechoic structure protruding into the vitreal chamber. […] When a patient has acute vision loss and RD, investigation of the underlying cause should include measurement of systolic blood pressure, a complete physical examination, and a minimum database consisting of a CBC, serum chemistry panel, and urinalysis.

• #17 Retinal detachment – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/651

  Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. […] Diagnosis usually relies on indirect ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp exam, with B-scan ultrasonography reserved for cases with media opacity. […] Key diagnostic factors include loss or deterioration of central vision, flashes of light, and loss of peripheral visual field. […] 1st tests to order include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. […] Tests to consider include wide-field color photography, optical coherence tomography (affected eye), B-scan ultrasonography (affected eye), and CT/MRI of orbit.

• #18

  https://exonpublications.com/index.php/exon/article/view/retinal-detachment-types-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatments

  Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. […] Retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision. […] Diagnosing retinal detachment involves a thorough eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The process begins with a visual acuity test to assess the sharpness of vision, followed by a dilated eye exam to examine the retina and other internal structures. During this examination, the ophthalmologist may use special instruments and lenses to look for retinal tears, holes, or signs of detachment. […] Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is often used to obtain detailed images of the retinas layers. This imaging technique provides a cross-sectional view that helps identify fluid accumulation or abnormalities. Ultrasound imaging may be employed if the retina cannot be clearly seen due to blood or other obstructions. Fluorescein angiography, a diagnostic test that uses a dye to highlight retinal blood vessels, may be used when vascular issues are suspected.

• #19 Retinal Detachment – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Retinal_Detachment

  Retinal detachment is a sight threatening condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10000. […] Patients who present with symptoms of new onset significant photopsias and/or persistent new floaters should be suspected of having a retinal tear, which could lead to a retinal detachment. A patient with constant fixed or slowly progressive visual field loss should be suspected of having a detachment until proven otherwise. […] Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has a characteristic appearance differentiating it from a tractional or serous detachment. A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has a corrugated appearance and undulates with eye movements. […] Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a clinical diagnosis. Where available, it is sometimes appropriate to examine and document macula status with ocular coherence tomography and/or wide field fundus photography.

• #20 Retinal Detachment Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798501-workup

  Laboratory tests are not helpful in detecting retinal detachment and are not warranted in the acute care of the patient. However, if the patient requires surgical intervention, it may be useful to have basic blood work (BMP, PT/PTT, INR, HbA1C). This is especially important in diabetics and those on systemic anti-coagulation. […] Unless globe rupture, orbital/facial bone fractures or intraocular foreign bodies are suspected, imaging techniques, such as CT scans or MRIs, are not warranted to evaluate for retinal detachments. […] In difficult cases, bedside ocular ultrasonography can facilitate prompt diagnosis of retinal detachment. Potential ultrasonographic mimics of retinal detachment (eg, posterior vitreous detachment [PVD] and vitreous hemorrhage [VH]) should be excluded.

• #21 Retinal detachment – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/651

  Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. […] Diagnosis usually relies on indirect ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp exam, with B-scan ultrasonography reserved for cases with media opacity. […] Key diagnostic factors include loss or deterioration of central vision, flashes of light, and loss of peripheral visual field. […] 1st tests to order include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. […] Tests to consider include wide-field color photography, optical coherence tomography (affected eye), B-scan ultrasonography (affected eye), and CT/MRI of orbit.

• #22 Retinal Detachment | National Eye Institute

  https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment

  Dilated eye exam […] If you experience any symptoms of retinal detachment, go to your eye doctor or the emergency room right away. Early treatment can help prevent permanent vision loss. […] If you see any warning signs of a retinal detachment, your eye doctor can check your eyes with a dilated eye exam. Your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then look at your retina at the back of your eye. […] Depending on how much of your retina is detached and what type of retinal detachment you have, your eye doctor may recommend laser surgery, freezing treatment, or other types of surgery to fix any tears or breaks in your retina and reattach your retina to the back of your eye.

• #23 Retinal Detachment – Eye Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/retinal-detachment

  Retinal detachment is separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. […] Diagnosis is by funduscopy; ultrasonography may help determine the presence and type of retinal detachment if it cannot be seen with funduscopy. […] Retinal detachment should be suspected in patients, particularly those at risk, who have any of the following: Sudden increase or change in floaters, Photopsias, Curtain or veil across the visual field, Any sudden, unexplained loss of vision, Vitreous hemorrhage that obscures the retina. […] Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows the retinal detachment and can differentiate the subtypes of retinal detachment in nearly all cases. […] If vitreous hemorrhage (which may be due to a retinal tear), cataract, corneal opacification, or traumatic injury obscures the retina, retinal detachment should be suspected and B-scan ultrasonography should be done.

• #24 Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Retinal Detachment – TheNNT

  https://thennt.com/lr/diagnostic-accuracy-point-care-ultrasound-retinal-detachment/

  Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Retinal Detachment […] The gold standard for diagnosis of retinal detachment is largely indirect fundoscopy by an ophthalmologist. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) may provide a fast and accurate assist in diagnosis, particularly when specialist consultation for fundoscopy may be delayed or inaccessible. […] Overall, POCUS was 94% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] 78% to 99%) and 96% specific (95% CI 89% to 99%), with a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 25 (95% CI 8 to 78) and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.06 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.25). […] Based on the existing evidence, POCUS appears to be a rapid, accessible, noninvasive tool that is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of retinal detachment. […] Therefore, we have assigned a color recommendation of Green (Benefit Harm) for use of POCUS for diagnosis of retinal detachment. POCUS should be considered a powerful tool to expedite definitive care for patients when direct ophthalmologic consultation may be otherwise delayed or limited.

• #25 Retinal Detachment | Retina Specialists

  https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/retinal-detachment/

  Retinal detachment is an emergency condition where the neuro-sensory tissue in the back of the eye (retina) separates from its blood supply. […] You cannot see a detached retina from outside the eye, nor do they cause pain. Only a dilated eye exam can diagnose retinal tears and retinal detachment. Diagnosis is made by looking in your eye using a lighted magnifying instrument and a lens to examine the retina, which is the inside back of the eye. Other diagnostic instruments that aid in diagnosis includes Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and ultrasound. […] An important factor in the visual prognosis of patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the involvement of the macula, the center of the retina. Patients in whom the macula is not involved with the detachment at the time of diagnosis, usually have preserved central vision and have a better prognosis for good vision postoperatively. Once the macula is detached and central vision affected, the prognosis for recovery of central vision is more guarded, though patients often can regain good visual acuity over time.

• #26 Retinal detachment | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/retinal-detachment?lang=us

  Retinal detachment is a detachment of the neurosensory retina from the underlying pigmented choroid. Apposition of the retinal pigmented epithelium to the overlying retina is essential for normal retinal function. […] Imaging is usually not required unless a specific underlying cause, such as metastasis is in the differential. […] Treatment is varied and beyond the scope of this article, but in general terms requires reattachment of the retina using intraocular gas, laser, cryotherapy or surgery. Intra-ocular silicone oil is also sometimes used. […] Improved prognosis and surgical outcomes are seen with macula-on retinal detachments where the fovea is still attached. Macula-off, or central retinal detachments have worse initial visual acuity and prognosis. Overall prognosis is good with approximately 95% of patients having an anatomically successful repair.

• #27 How to diagnose and manage retinal detachments – EyeGuru

  https://eyeguru.org/essentials/retinal-detachments/

  In this article, we will be reviewing the essentials needed to understand and evaluate an acute retinal detachment, a disease process which may require urgent intervention. […] It is important to classify the type of retinal break since they may be treated with a different surgical procedure and/or be associated with a differing surgical prognosis. […] When a patient presents with symptoms concerning for PVD or RD, make sure to report these findings: […] Patients with “mac-on” retinal detachments require surgery urgently, while patients with “mac-off” detachments may be delayed a short time. […] If the patient does not have an RD, perform a careful indirect ophthalmoscopic exam with scleral depression to ensure there are no retinal breaks present. […] Laser retinopexy can be performed via slit lamp or indirect ophthalmoscopy.

• #28 Evaluation and Management of Suspected Retinal Detachment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2004/0401/p1691.html

  Retinal detachment often is a preventable cause of vision loss. There are three types of retinal detachments: exudative, tractional, and rhegmatogenous. The most common type is rhegmatogenous, which results from retinal breaks caused by vitreoretinal traction. […] Patients with acute onset of flashes or floaters should be referred to an ophthalmologist. […] Retinal detachment should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vision loss, however, because it is more prevalent in defined subpopulations and may require urgent surgical repair. […] Prompt referral and evaluation of patients who are suspected of having retinal tears are important because treatment of retinal tears is highly effective in preventing retinal detachment, and because progression of retinal detachment into the macula typically results in permanent visual loss.

• #29 How to diagnose and manage retinal detachments – EyeGuru

  https://eyeguru.org/essentials/retinal-detachments/

  In this article, we will be reviewing the essentials needed to understand and evaluate an acute retinal detachment, a disease process which may require urgent intervention. […] It is important to classify the type of retinal break since they may be treated with a different surgical procedure and/or be associated with a differing surgical prognosis. […] When a patient presents with symptoms concerning for PVD or RD, make sure to report these findings: […] Patients with “mac-on” retinal detachments require surgery urgently, while patients with “mac-off” detachments may be delayed a short time. […] If the patient does not have an RD, perform a careful indirect ophthalmoscopic exam with scleral depression to ensure there are no retinal breaks present. […] Laser retinopexy can be performed via slit lamp or indirect ophthalmoscopy.

• #30 Retinal Detachment – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Retinal_Detachment

  The differential diagnosis of retinal detachment includes retinoschisis and choroidal mass. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is most often confused with retinoschisis and serous retinal detachment. […] Once a retinal detachment has been identified, one must determine what type of detachment is present. Surgical management is indicated for rhegmatogenous and tractional detachments.

• #31 Posterior Vitreous Detachment

  https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/9/posterior-vitreous-detachment

  Posterior vitreous detachment is usually diagnosed with a dilated eye examination. […] However, if the vitreous gel is very clear, it may be hard to see the PVD without additional testing, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or ocular ultrasound. […] Flashes and floaters are typically more obvious when PVD is complicated by a retinal tear or vitreous hemorrhage. […] These conditions can lead to further complications, such as retinal detachment or epiretinal membrane, which can result in permanent vision loss. […] That said, complications of PVD are rare but can be serious and require urgent treatment, such as laser for a retinal tear or surgery for a retinal detachment.

• #32 Retinal Detachment – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Retinal_Detachment

  The differential diagnosis of retinal detachment includes retinoschisis and choroidal mass. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is most often confused with retinoschisis and serous retinal detachment. […] Once a retinal detachment has been identified, one must determine what type of detachment is present. Surgical management is indicated for rhegmatogenous and tractional detachments.

• #33 Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: How to Detect, How to Manage

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachment-how-to-detect-how-to-manage

  Retinal detachment (RD) a serious condition that requires urgent attention is commonly encountered in vitreoretinal subspecialty practices. […] The preliminary or triage diagnosis is made based on the presenting history such as sudden onset flashes, floaters, vision loss or a combination as well as clinical and ancillary examination. At times, these presenting examination findings can be misleading, resulting in misdiagnosis and mismanagement of the patient. […] The clinical evaluation should be as thorough as possible, especially the dilated fundus exam. A macula-involving RD should be easy to spot, but a far peripheral detachment, especially in the pediatric population, can be quite challenging to identify. […] If the clinical exam does not reveal an RD, scleral depression and a three-mirror contact lens examination can help to rule out small peripheral tears.

• #34 Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: How to Detect, How to Manage

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachment-how-to-detect-how-to-manage

  The presence of acute PVD, pigment cells in the anterior vitreous or vitreous hemorrhage should increase the level of suspicion and calls for further examination, either by ultrasonography or vitrectomy. […] Although the consensus is to monitor asymptomatic retinal tears, there is still a 5% chance of RD with need for more complex management and potential of vision loss. […] Timely management of RRD and its associated findings is critical to decrease the chance of long-term vision loss. […] The presence of substantial subretinal fluid warrants either a pneumatic retinopexy or operative RD repair. […] The selection between C3F8 or SF6 depends on the individual surgeons preference and comfort with each gas. […] Significant RDs are treated either with vitrectomy alone or scleral buckle with or without vitrectomy.

• #35 Deep learning for detecting retinal detachment and discerning macular status using ultra-widefield fundus images | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0730-x

  Retinal detachment can lead to severe visual loss if not treated timely. The early diagnosis of retinal detachment can improve the rate of successful reattachment and the visual results, especially before macular involvement. […] The early detection of RD requires experienced ophthalmologists to examine the whole retina through a dilated fundus after mydriasis, which is time-consuming and labour-intensive. […] The employment of UWF images in conjunction with deep machine learning algorithms may provide accurate identification of RD with high efficiency, thus facilitating the implementation of RD screening in the general population. […] The first deep learning model was used to identify RD and showed robust performance (AUC 0.989, sensitivity 96.1%, and specificity 99.6%). The second deep learning model used to discern macula-on RD from macula-off RD also exhibited ideal performance (AUC 0.975, sensitivity 93.8%, and specificity 90.9%).

• #36 Deep learning for detecting retinal detachment and discerning macular status using ultra-widefield fundus images | Communications Biology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0730-x

  These results validate that our deep learning system provides an objective RD diagnosis with high accuracy and efficiency, while also determining whether the macula is involved. […] Our system not only facilitates the detection of RD, but also may help to greatly improve and predict the prognosis of RD in the clinic by discerning the macular status.

• #37 Optomap For Retinal Detachment Diagnosis & Treatment: How It Works

  https://www.eyecareopticians.com/optomap-for-retinal-detachment-diagnosis-treatment-how-it-works

  Optomap is an innovative technology that has streamlined the way retinal conditions are diagnosed, including retinal detachment: it’s faster, more accurate, and more comfortable for patients compared to traditional methods. This advanced imaging technique provides a wide-field view of the retina, capturing more than 80% of its surface in a single image. […] One of the most notable advantages of Optomap is that it doesn’t require pupil dilation – as such, the process is quicker, more comfortable, and less invasive for patients. The detailed images produced by Optomap help eye doctors detect issues that might be missed with traditional methods. […] Optomap employs low-power laser scanning to capture high-resolution images of the retina. The system uses two different lasers – one red and one green – to scan the retina. These lasers penetrate the different layers of the retina, capturing high-resolution images that can reveal issues like tears, detachments, and other abnormalities.

• #38 Optomap For Retinal Detachment Diagnosis & Treatment: How It Works

  https://www.eyecareopticians.com/optomap-for-retinal-detachment-diagnosis-treatment-how-it-works

  Optomap captures more than 80% of the retina in a single image, providing a comprehensive view that traditional methods can’t match. […] The imaging process is quick, painless, and doesn’t require pupil dilation, making it more comfortable for patients. […] The detailed images produced by Optomap help detect early signs of retinal conditions, allowing for timely treatment and better outcomes. […] The eye doctor will then look for specific signs that indicate retinal detachment, such as a separation between the retina and the underlying tissue. They will also examine the images for other issues that could affect vision, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. […] Compared to traditional methods like standard eye exams, pupil dilation, and ultrasound, Optomap offers several significant advantages: More Comprehensive View: Optomap captures a wider area of the retina, providing a more complete picture of its health. […] Optomap images can be saved and compared over time, making it easier to track changes in retinal health.

• #39 Retinal Detachment | National Eye Institute

  https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment

  Dilated eye exam […] If you experience any symptoms of retinal detachment, go to your eye doctor or the emergency room right away. Early treatment can help prevent permanent vision loss. […] If you see any warning signs of a retinal detachment, your eye doctor can check your eyes with a dilated eye exam. Your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then look at your retina at the back of your eye. […] Depending on how much of your retina is detached and what type of retinal detachment you have, your eye doctor may recommend laser surgery, freezing treatment, or other types of surgery to fix any tears or breaks in your retina and reattach your retina to the back of your eye.

• #40 Diagnosing Retinal Detachment | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinal-detachment/diagnosis

  NYU Langone ophthalmologists identify retinal detachment during an eye exam. In this condition, the retina—the light-sensitive layer of nerve tissue located in the back of the eye—peels away from the underlying supportive tissue. The affected portion of retina is therefore detached from its supply of blood and oxygen. […] Without treatment, you may experience irreversible vision loss. Retinal detachment is considered an urgent medical condition requiring prompt treatment. The condition usually affects only one eye. […] NYU Langone ophthalmologists diagnose a retinal detachment during a routine eye exam. Your doctor may first ask about your symptoms and any recent changes in your vision. […] During the exam, your ophthalmologist puts drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, the pupil, giving the doctor a clear view of the lens of the eye, as well as the retina. Your doctor may also use an ophthalmoscope, an instrument with a bright light and special magnifying lenses, to examine your retina for any holes or tears. […] If your doctor finds a retinal tear, you are at an increased risk of developing retinal detachment. Your doctor may choose to seal the hole to prevent a detachment. If you have a retinal detachment, several treatment options are available to prevent permanent damage or vision loss.

• #41 Retinal Detachment Encino | Treatment Advances for Retinal Detachment

  https://colvardvision.com/eye-care-services-los-angeles/treatment-advances-for-retinal-detachment/

  Each year, about one in 10,000 persons in the United States suffers a retinal detachment. […] Today advanced techniques for surgery make it possible to restore vision in most cases, but the key is early detection and diagnosis. […] The sudden onset of flashing lights, especially in association with the sudden appearance of new floaters (dark or light spots or specks or lines in the field of vision) are possible warning symptoms of a retinal detachment. If this occurs, a physician eye specialist should be consulted immediately. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are the best assurances for optimum return of vision.

• #42 Retinal Detachment | National Eye Institute

  https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinal-detachment

  Dilated eye exam […] If you experience any symptoms of retinal detachment, go to your eye doctor or the emergency room right away. Early treatment can help prevent permanent vision loss. […] If you see any warning signs of a retinal detachment, your eye doctor can check your eyes with a dilated eye exam. Your doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then look at your retina at the back of your eye. […] Depending on how much of your retina is detached and what type of retinal detachment you have, your eye doctor may recommend laser surgery, freezing treatment, or other types of surgery to fix any tears or breaks in your retina and reattach your retina to the back of your eye.

• #43 Retinal Detachment: What Is It & How Is It Treated? | Atlantic Eye Institute

  https://atlanticeyeinstitute.com/retinal-detachment-what-is-it-how-is-it-treated/

  If the doctor sees evidence of retinal detachment, s/he may order additional tests such as an ultrasound or an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan of your eye. These are also painless but they give us a more exact understanding of the retinas position in the eye. […] The good news is that detached retinas are treatable. However, timeliness is important. […] Once we diagnose a detached retina well schedule you for one of the following surgeries. […] If the detachment is relatively minor, causing a small hole or tear, the optometrist may recommend treating it using laser surgery or freeze treatment (cryopexy) that is done right there in the office. More serious retinal detachment requires surgery by an ophthalmologist. […] During the procedure, the doctor carefully places a gas bubble into your eye that presses the retina back into place and holds it there so the eye can heal itself.

• #44 Diagnosis and Treatment – Moorfields Private

  https://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/private/eye-conditions-and-treatments/retinal-detachment/diagnosis-and-treatment

  Your surgeon will perform one of the following procedures to repair your retinal detachment: […] Cryotherapy and scleral buckle: in cryotherapy and scleral buckle, we can seal retinal holes by applying splints (buckles) on the wall of your eye. […] Vitrectomy operations are keyhole surgery for the eye. The surgeon makes tiny openings, less than 1mm across, in your eye and removes the vitreous from inside. Next, the surgeon finds the breaks in the retina and treats them with laser or cryotherapy (freezing). This causes an adhesion and scarring, which will seal the break. […] Retinal detachment surgery is not always successful. Every patient is different, and some detached retinas are more complicated to treat than others. Some patients might need more than one operation. […] If you fall into the 5-10% of people who develop another retinal tear or develop scar tissue, you will need to have more operations.

• #45 Retinal Detachment – Symptoms & Treatment – Thomas Eye Group

  https://www.thomaseye.com/services/retina/retinal-detachment/

  In this procedure, your retina surgeon places a silicone band around the outside of the eye to help the retina re-attach. […] In this procedure, your retina surgeon removes the vitreous gel through small incisions and performs detailed work on the surface of the retina. Then the eye is filled with a saline, air, gas, or silicone oil. This procedure is typically performed without using general anesthesia in our retina surgery center. The patient is awake, but the eye is asleep and pain-free. Many people that undergo this eye surgery regain complete vision after surgery. […] Patients with minor retinal detachments are good candidates for this minimally invasive technique performed in the office using local anesthesia. During pneumatic retinopexy, your retina surgeon injects a gas bubble inside the vitreous cavity of the eye, which pushes the detached retina against the back wall of the eye to ultimately seal the retinal tear. Patients may be required to maintain a certain head position to aid in the sealing of the retina tear.

• #46 Retinal Detachment – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551502/

  The prognosis of RD varies significantly on the type of detachment and patient presentation. For an RRD, one of the most essential prognosticating factors is whether or not the macula remains attached. […] Proliferative retinopathy (PVR) occurs in around 8% to 10% of patients with a primary RD repair, constituting the most common cause of repair failure.

• #47 Diagnosis and Treatment – Moorfields Private

  https://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/private/eye-conditions-and-treatments/retinal-detachment/diagnosis-and-treatment

  Your surgeon will perform one of the following procedures to repair your retinal detachment: […] Cryotherapy and scleral buckle: in cryotherapy and scleral buckle, we can seal retinal holes by applying splints (buckles) on the wall of your eye. […] Vitrectomy operations are keyhole surgery for the eye. The surgeon makes tiny openings, less than 1mm across, in your eye and removes the vitreous from inside. Next, the surgeon finds the breaks in the retina and treats them with laser or cryotherapy (freezing). This causes an adhesion and scarring, which will seal the break. […] Retinal detachment surgery is not always successful. Every patient is different, and some detached retinas are more complicated to treat than others. Some patients might need more than one operation. […] If you fall into the 5-10% of people who develop another retinal tear or develop scar tissue, you will need to have more operations.

• #48 Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: How to Detect, How to Manage

  https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachment-how-to-detect-how-to-manage

  Regardless of tamponade agent or use of a buckle or not, the most common cause of RRD repair failure is PVR. […] RRDs, without proliferative vitreoretinopathy, can have single surgery success rates as high as 75% with pneumatic retinopexy, and up to 90% with vitrectomy, scleral buckling or a combination of the two.

• #49 Diagnosis and Treatment – Moorfields Private

  https://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/private/eye-conditions-and-treatments/retinal-detachment/diagnosis-and-treatment

  The treatment is performed under local anaesthetic to minimise discomfort and you usually wont need to stay overnight in the hospital. Detached retina recovery generally takes between 2-6 weeks, but this varies depending on the individual and the specific case. […] After surgery, it usually takes some weeks for your vision to recover. If we used a gas bubble, your vision will be very blurred immediately after surgery. […] Your final vision will depend on the nature of your original detached retina. If we diagnose and treat it quickly and successfully, most of your central vision will be restored.

• #50 Diagnosing Retinal Detachment | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinal-detachment/diagnosis

  NYU Langone ophthalmologists identify retinal detachment during an eye exam. In this condition, the retina—the light-sensitive layer of nerve tissue located in the back of the eye—peels away from the underlying supportive tissue. The affected portion of retina is therefore detached from its supply of blood and oxygen. […] Without treatment, you may experience irreversible vision loss. Retinal detachment is considered an urgent medical condition requiring prompt treatment. The condition usually affects only one eye. […] NYU Langone ophthalmologists diagnose a retinal detachment during a routine eye exam. Your doctor may first ask about your symptoms and any recent changes in your vision. […] During the exam, your ophthalmologist puts drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, the pupil, giving the doctor a clear view of the lens of the eye, as well as the retina. Your doctor may also use an ophthalmoscope, an instrument with a bright light and special magnifying lenses, to examine your retina for any holes or tears. […] If your doctor finds a retinal tear, you are at an increased risk of developing retinal detachment. Your doctor may choose to seal the hole to prevent a detachment. If you have a retinal detachment, several treatment options are available to prevent permanent damage or vision loss.

• #51 Retinal detachment – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/651

  Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. […] Diagnosis usually relies on indirect ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp exam, with B-scan ultrasonography reserved for cases with media opacity. […] Key diagnostic factors include loss or deterioration of central vision, flashes of light, and loss of peripheral visual field. […] 1st tests to order include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. […] Tests to consider include wide-field color photography, optical coherence tomography (affected eye), B-scan ultrasonography (affected eye), and CT/MRI of orbit.

• #52 Retinal detachment | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/retinal-detachment?lang=us

  Retinal detachment is a detachment of the neurosensory retina from the underlying pigmented choroid. Apposition of the retinal pigmented epithelium to the overlying retina is essential for normal retinal function. […] Imaging is usually not required unless a specific underlying cause, such as metastasis is in the differential. […] Treatment is varied and beyond the scope of this article, but in general terms requires reattachment of the retina using intraocular gas, laser, cryotherapy or surgery. Intra-ocular silicone oil is also sometimes used. […] Improved prognosis and surgical outcomes are seen with macula-on retinal detachments where the fovea is still attached. Macula-off, or central retinal detachments have worse initial visual acuity and prognosis. Overall prognosis is good with approximately 95% of patients having an anatomically successful repair.

• #53 What Is a Detached Retina? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/detached-retina/

  How Is a Detached Retina Diagnosed? If a retinal detachment is suspected, an eye doctor will perform a dilated eye exam. Special eye drops are used to dilate, or widen, the pupil so the doctor can see the retina at the back of the eye. […] If the eye doctor isnt able to make a diagnosis from the dilated eye exam, an ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan of the eye may be performed to see the exact position of the retina. An OCT is a noninvasive test that uses light waves to take cross-section pictures of the retina so that each layer is visible. […] With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis can be good for retinal detachment. Retinal detachment repairs are successful in 9 out 10 cases, though sometimes more than one procedure is necessary to successfully reattach the retina.

• #54 Retinal detachment – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retinal-detachment/symptoms-causes/syc-20351344

  Retinal detachment is an emergency situation in which the thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye, called the retina, pulls away from its usual position. […] Retinal detachment symptoms often include flashes and floaters in your vision. […] Contacting an eye doctor, called an ophthalmologist, right away can help save your vision. […] See a healthcare professional right away if you have any symptoms of retinal detachment. This condition is an emergency that can cause lasting vision loss. […] If a tear develops in the retina, fluid can get in underneath that tear and just lift the retina off like wallpaper off a wall and that’s a retinal detachment. […] It’s especially important to have a dilated eye exam within days of noticing new floaters or changes in vision.

• #55 Diagnosing Retinal Detachment | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinal-detachment/diagnosis

  NYU Langone ophthalmologists identify retinal detachment during an eye exam. In this condition, the retina—the light-sensitive layer of nerve tissue located in the back of the eye—peels away from the underlying supportive tissue. The affected portion of retina is therefore detached from its supply of blood and oxygen. […] Without treatment, you may experience irreversible vision loss. Retinal detachment is considered an urgent medical condition requiring prompt treatment. The condition usually affects only one eye. […] NYU Langone ophthalmologists diagnose a retinal detachment during a routine eye exam. Your doctor may first ask about your symptoms and any recent changes in your vision. […] During the exam, your ophthalmologist puts drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, the pupil, giving the doctor a clear view of the lens of the eye, as well as the retina. Your doctor may also use an ophthalmoscope, an instrument with a bright light and special magnifying lenses, to examine your retina for any holes or tears. […] If your doctor finds a retinal tear, you are at an increased risk of developing retinal detachment. Your doctor may choose to seal the hole to prevent a detachment. If you have a retinal detachment, several treatment options are available to prevent permanent damage or vision loss.

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