Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa
Objawy

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa (NAR) to przewlekły stan zapalny błony śluzowej nosa, charakteryzujący się objawami podobnymi do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, lecz bez reakcji immunologicznej typu IgE i bez przyczyn infekcyjnych. Występuje u 20-30 milionów pacjentów w USA, stanowiąc około 25% wszystkich nieżytów nosa, z przewagą u kobiet (stosunek 2-3:1) i najczęściej rozpoczynając się po 20. roku życia. Objawy obejmują przewlekłe lub nawracające przekrwienie i obturację nosa, wodnistą rhinorrheę, kichanie, spływanie wydzieliny po tylnej ścianie gardła, kaszel oraz zmniejszenie lub utratę węchu, przy braku świądu nosa, oczu i gardła, co odróżnia NAR od postaci alergicznej. Objawy mogą nasilać się pod wpływem czynników środowiskowych, takich jak zmiany temperatury, wilgotności, ciśnienia atmosferycznego, ekspozycja na dym tytoniowy, zanieczyszczenia, silne zapachy, a także czynniki hormonalne i leki. NAR obejmuje różne podtypy, m.in. idiopatyczny (naczynioruchowy), NARES (z eozynofilią), atroficzny, gustatoryczny, polekowy, hormonalny i zawodowy, zróżnicowane pod względem patofizjologii i obrazu klinicznego.

  1. Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa – definicja
  2. Objawy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa
    1. Charakterystyka objawów
    2. Nasilenie i progresja objawów
  3. Podtypy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa
    1. Neuropatia niealergiczna
    2. Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa z eozynofilią
    3. Atroficzny nieżyt nosa
    4. Nieżyt nosa starczy
    5. Gustatoryczny nieżyt nosa
    6. Nieżyt nosa indukowany lekami
    7. Hormonalny nieżyt nosa
    8. Zawodowy nieżyt nosa
  4. Czynniki wyzwalające i nasilające objawy
  5. Wpływ na jakość życia
  6. Powikłania niealergicznego nieżytu nosa
  7. Przebieg i rokowanie
  8. Podsumowanie charakterystyki objawów
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa – definicja

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa (ang. non-allergic rhinitis) to stan zapalny błony śluzowej nosa, charakteryzujący się objawami podobnymi do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, ale przy braku reakcji alergicznej lub przyczyn infekcyjnych. Dawniej określany był jako naczynioruchowy nieżyt nosa (vasomotor rhinitis), jednak obecnie ta nazwa jest rzadziej stosowana z powodu braku dowodów na naczyniowe pochodzenie schorzenia1. Najnowsze dowody naukowe wskazują, że we wszystkich postaciach niealergicznego nieżytu nosa występuje dysregulacja nocyceptorów i nerwów autonomicznych2. Stanowi on około 25% wszystkich przypadków nieżytów nosa i dotyczy 20-30 milionów pacjentów tylko w Stanach Zjednoczonych3.

Objawy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa charakteryzuje się szeregiem objawów zbliżonych do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, które mogą występować przewlekle lub w sposób nawracający. Główne objawy to:12

  • Przekrwienie i zatkanie nosa (obturacja)
  • Wodnisty wyciek z nosa (rhinorrhea)
  • Kichanie (mniej nasilone niż w alergicznym nieżycie nosa)
  • Spływanie wydzieliny po tylnej ścianie gardła (post-nasal drip)
  • Kaszel
  • Zmniejszenie lub utrata węchu

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Charakterystyczną cechą niealergicznego nieżytu nosa, odróżniającą go od postaci alergicznej, jest brak lub rzadkie występowanie takich objawów jak:12

  • Świąd nosa
  • Świąd oczu
  • Świąd gardła
  • Łzawienie oczu

12

W ciężkich przypadkach lub bardziej zaawansowanych stadiach mogą również pojawić się:1

12

Charakterystyka objawów

Objawy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa często pojawiają się i ustępują przez cały rok1. W przeciwieństwie do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, który zwykle ma charakter sezonowy, objawy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa mogą występować całorocznie, choć ich nasilenie może zmieniać się w zależności od warunków pogodowych, jak np. zmiany ciśnienia atmosferycznego, temperatury czy wilgotności1. Część pacjentów zauważa pogorszenie objawów wraz z nadejściem frontu atmosferycznego2.

Należy podkreślić, że niealergiczny nieżyt nosa zwykle rozwija się u osób dorosłych, najczęściej po 20. roku życia, natomiast rzadko występuje u dzieci12. Charakteryzuje się stosunkiem płci żeńskiej do męskiej wynoszącym 2:1 do 3:1, co oznacza, że schorzenie to jest 2-3 razy częstsze u kobiet niż u mężczyzn1.

Nasilenie i progresja objawów

Nasilenie objawów niealergicznego nieżytu nosa może być różne – od łagodnych, które powodują niewielkie niedogodności, do ciężkich, które znacząco wpływają na jakość życia1. Ciężkie objawy mogą wpływać na pracę, szkołę, życie domowe i społeczne2.

Badania pokazują, że nawet 52% pacjentów doświadcza pogorszenia choroby w miarę upływu czasu, z 12% wzrostem trwałości objawów i 9% wzrostem ich nasilenia1. Dla wielu osób niealergiczny nieżyt nosa jest schorzeniem przewlekłym, które może utrzymywać się przez całe życie12.

Badania jakości życia wykazały, że obciążenie związane z nieżytem nosa nie ogranicza się tylko do nosa i zatok, ale może wiązać się z zaburzeniami snu, nadmierną sennością w ciągu dnia, problemami z koncentracją i zwiększoną drażliwością1. Osoby cierpiące na niealergiczny nieżyt nosa często doświadczają przewlekłego dyskomfortu, zmęczenia, niskiej energii i problemów ze snem1.

Podtypy niealergicznego nieżytu nosa

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa nie jest jednorodnym schorzeniem, ale obejmuje grupę zaburzeń o różnej patofizjologii. Najczęstsze podtypy to:12

Neuropatia niealergiczna

Dawniej znana jako naczynioruchowy nieżyt nosa lub idiopatyczny niealergiczny nieżyt nosa. Jest to najczęstsza postać niealergicznego nieżytu nosa, charakteryzująca się objawami nosowymi wywołanymi przez warunki środowiskowe, takie jak silne zapachy lub zmiany temperatury, wilgotności czy ciśnienia atmosferycznego1. Typowo objawy nie obejmują świądu nosa i podniebienia ani napadów kichania2.

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa z eozynofilią

Znany również jako zespół NARES (Non-Allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophilia Syndrome). Jest to zapalny typ nieżytu nosa ze zwiększoną liczbą eozynofilów w wydzielinie i w biopsji nosa, ze zwiększoną liczbą komórek tucznych i oznakami degranulacji komórek tucznych, ale bez dodatnich wyników testów alergicznych1. Pacjenci z NARES to zazwyczaj osoby w średnim wieku z całorocznymi objawami kichania, świądu i wodnistej wydzieliny z nosa oraz okresowymi zaostrzeniami1. Czasami występuje u nich również upośledzenie węchu2.

Atroficzny nieżyt nosa

Obejmuje zanik błony śluzowej nosa, co może prowadzić do strupienia i wysuszenia nosa1. Jest to podtyp niezapalny i wyróżnia się przede wszystkim unikalnymi wynikami badania fizykalnego2. Atroficzny nieżyt nosa powoduje powiększenie jam nosowych, tworzenie się strupów i nieprzyjemny zapach kolonizacji bakteryjnej, przekrwienie nosa, brak węchu oraz krwawienia z nosa, które mogą być nawracające i ciężkie1.

Nieżyt nosa starczy

Wyróżnia się późnym początkiem, występującym głównie u starszych pacjentów. Objawia się wodnistą wydzieliną z nosa, która nasila się w odpowiedzi na czynniki wyzwalające zidentyfikowane przez pacjenta, w tym żywność, zapachy lub drażniące środowisko1. Często nakłada się z nieżytem nosa gustatorycznym2.

Gustatoryczny nieżyt nosa

Reprezentuje reakcję nosa na spożywanie określonych pokarmów (np. pikantnych potraw) lub płynów (np. alkoholu). Wyróżnia się przede wszystkim czynnikiem wyzwalającym1.

Nieżyt nosa indukowany lekami

Może wystąpić przy stosowaniu różnych leków i narkotyków, w tym leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych, niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych, inhibitorów fosfodiesterazy-5 i kokainy1.

Hormonalny nieżyt nosa

Odnosi się do wystąpienia obrzęku i wydzieliny z nosa związanych z endogennymi hormonami żeńskimi. Odpowiedź na hormony ciążowe jest najbardziej klasycznym i powszechnym przykładem1. Objawy ustępują wraz z zakończeniem ciąży2.

Zawodowy nieżyt nosa

Jest wynikiem narażenia zawodowego, od lateksu i mąki po chemikalia i cząstki. Objawy zazwyczaj nasilają się w ciągu tygodnia pracy i poprawiają się w czasie wolnym od pracy1.

Czynniki wyzwalające i nasilające objawy

W przeciwieństwie do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, który jest wywoływany przez alergeny, niealergiczny nieżyt nosa jest wyzwalany przez inne czynniki. Najczęstsze czynniki wyzwalające to:12

  • Zmiany pogody i temperatury
  • Zmiany ciśnienia atmosferycznego i wilgotności
  • Ekspozycja na dym tytoniowy
  • Ekspozycja na zanieczyszczenia powietrza, spaliny samochodowe
  • Silne zapachy, perfumy, farby, chemikalia
  • Pikantne potrawy i alkohol
  • Zmiany hormonalne (ciąża, cykl miesiączkowy, dojrzewanie)
  • Długotrwałe stosowanie donosowych leków zmniejszających przekrwienie błony śluzowej
  • Niektóre leki, w tym aspiryna, beta-blokery, inhibitory ACE i leki przeciwzapalne

123

Osoby z niealergicznym nieżytem nosa często mają zwiększoną wrażliwość na różne substancje i zmiany środowiskowe, które wywołałyby reakcję u większości ludzi, ale w większych ilościach1. U pacjentów z przeważającą wydzieliną z nosa (czasami określaną jako cholinergiczny nieżyt nosa) wydaje się występować wzmożona cholinergiczna aktywność wydzielnicza gruczołów, ponieważ atropina skutecznie zmniejsza ich wydzieliny1.

Wpływ na jakość życia

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa może znacząco wpłynąć na jakość życia pacjentów. Przewlekłe objawy mogą prowadzić do:12

  • Zaburzeń snu i bezdechu sennego
  • Nadmiernej senności w ciągu dnia
  • Problemów z koncentracją
  • Zwiększonej drażliwości
  • Zmęczenia i osłabienia
  • Bóli głowy
  • Złego samopoczucia i braku apetytu

12

Przewlekły niealergiczny nieżyt nosa często wpływa na wydajność pracy i uczęszczanie do szkoły z powodu utraty produktywności i częstych wizyt u lekarza1. Niektórzy pacjenci opisują swoje doświadczenia jako posiadanie „przeziębienia przez cały rok” i zgłaszają, że nie mogą oddychać przez nos, mają niską energię i zmęczenie, nie mogą dobrze spać, mają lekki ból gardła z powodu spływania wydzieliny po tylnej ścianie gardła i stale wytwarzają i połykają śluz każdego dnia1.

Powikłania niealergicznego nieżytu nosa

Nieleczony lub źle kontrolowany niealergiczny nieżyt nosa może prowadzić do różnych powikłań:12

  • Zapalenie zatok przynosowych (sinusitis) – długotrwałe przekrwienie nosa może zwiększyć ryzyko zapalenia zatok1
  • Dysfunkcja trąbki słuchowej – może prowadzić do uczucia zatkania uszu i problemów ze słuchem1
  • Przewlekłe infekcje ucha1
  • Utrata węchu – długotrwały stan zapalny może zaburzyć funkcjonowanie receptorów węchowych1
  • Astma – pacjenci z niealergicznym nieżytem nosa mają zwiększone ryzyko astmy i odwrotnie12
  • Obturacyjny bezdech senny1
  • Polipy nosa – miękkie narośla, które tworzą się na tkance wyściełającej wnętrze nosa w wyniku przewlekłego stanu zapalnego12

123

Polipy nosowe nie są nowotworami, ale mogą blokować przepływ powietrza przez nos, utrudniając oddychanie1. Małe polipy mogą nie powodować problemów, ale większe mogą blokować przepływ powietrza przez nos, co utrudnia oddychanie1.

Przebieg i rokowanie

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa jest zazwyczaj schorzeniem przewlekłym, które w większości przypadków utrzymuje się przez całe życie1. Objawy mogą się z czasem nasilać i słabnąć, a u niektórych pacjentów schorzenie może z czasem się zmniejszyć, a nawet całkowicie ustąpić1.

Badania wskazują, że u aż 52% pacjentów choroba ulega pogorszeniu, z 12% wzrostem trwałości i 9% wzrostem nasilenia objawów nosowych1. Dla większości pacjentów objawy utrzymują się przez całe życie i zwykle wymagają codziennego i długoterminowego leczenia12.

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa, choć może być bardzo niekomfortowy dla pacjentów, nie jest poważnym problemem zdrowotnym i w większości przypadków nie ma znaczących powikłań1. Jednak jego przewlekły charakter może znacząco wpływać na jakość życia i wymaga często długotrwałego podawania leków, aby utrzymać komfort pacjenta2.

Podsumowanie charakterystyki objawów

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa charakteryzuje się objawami podobnymi do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, ale bez reakcji immunologicznej typu IgE. Główne objawy to przekrwienie nosa, wyciek z nosa, kichanie i spływanie wydzieliny po tylnej ścianie gardła. W przeciwieństwie do alergicznego nieżytu nosa, rzadko występuje świąd nosa, oczu i gardła12.

Objawy mogą występować całorocznie lub nasilać się w określonych warunkach, takich jak zmiany pogody czy ekspozycja na drażniące substancje. Schorzenie to częściej występuje u dorosłych, szczególnie po 20. roku życia, i znacznie częściej dotyka kobiet niż mężczyzn12.

Niealergiczny nieżyt nosa jest zazwyczaj schorzeniem przewlekłym, które może znacząco obniżać jakość życia poprzez wpływ na sen, koncentrację i ogólne samopoczucie. Może również prowadzić do powikłań, takich jak zapalenie zatok, dysfunkcja trąbki słuchowej, utrata węchu czy astma12.

Rozpoznanie i wdrożenie odpowiedniego leczenia jest kluczowe dla złagodzenia objawów i zapobiegania powikłaniom. Leczenie zwykle obejmuje unikanie czynników wyzwalających oraz stosowanie miejscowych kortykosteroidów, leków przeciwhistaminowych czy innych leków w zależności od dominujących objawów12.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Chronic nonallergic rhinitis encompasses a group of rhinitis subtypes without allergic or infectious etiologies. Although chronic nonallergic rhinitis represents about one-fourth of rhinitis cases and impacts 20 to 30 million patients in the United States, its pathophysiology is unclear and diagnostic testing is not available. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis was previously referred to as nonallergic vasomotor or vasomotor rhinitis, but it was renamed because of a lack of evidence showing a vascular origin. The best current evidence supports nociceptor and autonomic nerve dysregulation as components in all forms of nonallergic rhinitis. […] A negative result on allergy testing is one unifying characteristic of the chronic nonallergic rhinitis subtypes. Beyond that, clinical characteristics help define the conditions. First, these conditions are chronic (i.e., lasting at least three months). They can be perennial, persistent, intermittent, or seasonal. Clinically, chronic nonallergic rhinitis is characterized by its nonallergic triggers, including weather changes, tobacco smoke, automotive emission fumes, and irritants such as chemicals with strong odors (e.g., perfumes, chlorine).
  • #1 Nonallergic rhinitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351229
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose. It can be a long-term problem, and it has no clear cause. The symptoms are like those of hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis. But nonallergic rhinitis isn’t caused by allergies. […] Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms often come and go year-round. Your symptoms might include: Stuffy or runny nose. Sneezing. Mucus in the throat. Cough. […] Nonallergic rhinitis most often doesn’t cause an itchy nose, eyes or throat. That symptom is linked with allergies such as hay fever.
  • #1 Vasomotor Rhinitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17950-nonallergic-rhinitis
    Vasomotor (nonallergic) rhinitis is inflammation of nasal tissues that results in sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose or postnasal drip. Unlike allergic rhinitis (or hay fever), the symptoms are of an unknown cause. Likely, they result from triggers that irritate your nose. […] Vasomotor rhinitis, unlike allergic rhinitis, doesnt happen because youre sensitive to a specific allergen, like tree pollen, dust mites or mold. Instead, various triggers may cause symptoms. Its likely people with vasomotor rhinitis have heightened sensitivity to various substances and environmental changes that would trigger a response in most people just in higher amounts. […] Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis include: Stuffy nose. Runny nose. Postnasal drip. Sneezing. Diminished sense of smell. […] There isnt a cure for nonallergic rhinitis. Most people manage symptoms with self-care measures, changes to their environment and medicine. […] For many people, vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic, or long-term, condition. It may come and go over time.
  • #1 Nonallergic Rhinitis – Vasomotor Defined
    https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/nonallergic-rhinitis-vasomotor-defined
    Nonallergic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis) is a condition that causes chronic sneezing, congestion, or runny nose. […] The most common symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis are: Stuffy nose, Runny nose, Sneezing, Postnasal drip. […] Unlike the allergic form, nonallergic rhinitis rarely causes itchy nose, eyes or throat. […] Nonallergic rhinitis cannot be cured, but many people find relief by avoiding triggers, using a saline rinse solution or by taking over-the-counter or prescription medications.
  • #1 Nonallergic Rhinitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition
    https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/nonallergic-rhinitis
    Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, with resultant nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and variable associated symptoms depending on etiology (eg, itching, sneezing, watery or purulent rhinorrhea, anosmia). […] Symptoms and Signs of Nonallergic Rhinitis […] Acute rhinitis results in cough, low-grade fever, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing. […] Chronic rhinitis manifestations are similar to those of acute rhinitis, but in prolonged or severe cases, patients may also have thick, foul-smelling, mucopurulent drainage; mucosal crusting; and/or bleeding. […] Atrophic rhinitis results in enlargement of the nasal cavities, crust formation and malodorous bacterial colonization, nasal congestion, anosmia, and epistaxis that may be recurrent and severe. […] Vasomotor rhinitis results in sneezing and watery rhinorrhea. The turgescent mucous membrane varies from bright red to purple. The condition is marked by periods of remission and exacerbation.
  • #1 Patient education: Nonallergic rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonallergic-rhinitis-runny-or-stuffy-nose-beyond-the-basics
    NONALLERGIC RHINITIS OVERVIEW […] Rhinitis refers to inflammation of the nasal passages. This inflammation can cause a variety of annoying symptoms, including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, runny nose, and postnasal drip (the sensation that mucus is draining from the sinuses down the back of the throat). […] […] […] „Nonallergic rhinitis” is the medical term used to describe the following symptoms when they occur without a known allergic cause for weeks to months at a time for at least one year: […] ● Sneezing […] ● Runny nose […] ● Stuffy nose (congestion) […] ● Postnasal drip […] Symptoms are usually present year-round, although they may be worsened by certain weather conditions (eg, those that accompany changes of season). The condition does not usually develop until adulthood.
  • #1 Nonallergic (Vasomotor) Rhinitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
    https://www.webmd.com/allergies/nonallergic-rhinitis
    Nonallergic rhinitis causes symptoms that are very similar to those of allergies, such as: Postnasal drip, Runny nose, Sneezing, Stuffy nose, Partial loss of smell, Cough, Fullness in the ears, Itchy eyes or nose. […] Nonallergic rhinitis produces similar symptoms to allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and can cause just as much misery. […] Nonallergic rhinitis happens in most people after age 20. […] Nonallergic rhinitis often happens during periods of hormonal imbalance. For instance, it may happen during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy. It usually starts during the second month of pregnancy and lasts until childbirth. […] Nonallergic rhinitis can cause just as much misery as allergic rhinitis. It can also be associated with the same complications, such as: Sinusitis, Eustachian tube dysfunction, Chronic ear infection, Loss of smell, Asthma, Obstructive sleep apnea.
  • #1 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Chronic nonallergic rhinitis is more common in women, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1 to 3:1. […] The most common subtype is nonallergic rhinopathy, previously known as vasomotor rhinitis or idiopathic nonallergic rhinitis. It is characterized by nasal symptoms that are triggered by environmental conditions such as strong smells or changes in temperature, humidity, or barometric pressure, typically without nasal and palatal itching or bursts of sneezing. […] Nonallergic rhinitis with nasal eosinophilia syndrome is an inflammatory type of rhinitis with increased eosinophils in the secretions and on nasal biopsy, with increased mast cells and evidence of mast cell degranulation but without positive findings on allergy testing. […] Atrophic rhinitis involves atrophy of the nasal mucosa that can lead to nasal crusting and drying. This is a noninflammatory subtype and is distinguished primarily by its unique physical examination findings.
  • #1 Persistent Rhinitis (Sneezing): Cause and Treatment
    https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/persistent-rhinitis-sneezing
    Persistent rhinitis typically causes sneezing and a blocked, itchy and runny nose. […] The symptoms vary in severity. Some people have mild nasal irritation which comes and goes and causes little trouble. On the other hand, some people become distressed by their regular, daily symptoms. Severe symptoms can affect work, school, home and social life. […] The causes of persistent rhinitis can be divided into allergic and non-allergic. […] There can be various other causes or triggers for persistent rhinitis. These triggers can cause a rhinitis in their own right but they can also make symptoms worse if you already have an allergic rhinitis. […] Persistent rhinitis is common. It can affect anyone of any age, although it affects adults more commonly than children. […] Persistent rhinitis is an ongoing (chronic) condition that usually needs regular treatment to prevent symptoms. However, over time the condition may ease and even go completely in some cases. […] Sinusitis is the most common complication of persistent rhinitis. […] Nasal polyps are sometimes a complication of rhinitis.
  • #1 Vasomotor Rhinitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547704/
    Chronic vasomotor rhinitis symptoms often interfere with work performance and school attendance due to loss of productivity and frequent doctor visits. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis places considerable physical and economic burdens on sufferers. […] Nonallergic rhinitis is a persistent condition that is usually present lifelong. […] As high as 52% of patients experienced worsening disease, with a 12% increase in persistence, and a 9% increase in the severity of nasal symptoms. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis is often associated with other conditions such as headaches, eustachian tube dysfunction, nasal polyps, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic cough.
  • #1 Pharmacotherapy for Nonallergic Rhinitis: Overview, Distinguishing Types of Nonallergic Rhinitis, Pharmacotherapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/874171-overview
    Quality of life studies have demonstrated that the burden of rhinitis is not simply sinonasal but may be associated with impaired sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, concentration problems, and increased irritability. […] According to a 2007 Danish study, nonallergic rhinitis affects up to 25% of the population, and nearly half of these individuals seek treatment for relief of their symptoms. […] Nonallergic rhinitis has 7 basic subclassifications, as follows: (1) infectious rhinitis, (2) vasomotor rhinitis, (3) occupational rhinitis, (4) hormonal rhinitis, (5) drug-induced rhinitis, (6) gustatory rhinitis, and (7) nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES). […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis have been shown to be at a higher risk of asthma, and vice versa. […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis typically present with rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritus, and nasal congestion. […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis present with nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and hyposmia.
  • #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet
    https://www.reddit.com/r/nonallergicrhinitis/comments/177egni/chronic_non_allergic_rhinitis_what_next/
    I (M35) have suffered with NAR from 3 years now and it has significantly affected my life. […] Unfortunately I knew I couldn’t live with this condition the way it was, I feel like it doesn’t sound like much but having a constantly blocked nose, low energy and tiredness, unable to get a good sleep ever, slight sore throat from the post nasal drip, constantly producing and swallowing mucus every day with no end in sight had made me miserable and debilitated and the days were getting harder and harder to face. […] Unfortunately my symptoms did not improve. […] So even after moving to a new home, the cat passing away and not having lived with a cat for a year there was no change in my symptoms. […] I have found that when I travel to visit my parents in a different part of the country that my symptoms improve and get better (about 3 hours flight away) so I know it has to be caused by something in the environment, and the specialist confirmed this.
  • #1 Nonallergic rhinitis: Common problem, chronic symptoms | MDedge
    https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/nonallergic-rhinitis-common-problem-chronic-symptoms
    Patients with nonallergic rhinitis eosinophilic syndrome (NARES) are typically middle-aged and have perennial symptoms of sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea with intermittent exacerbations. They occasionally have associated hyposmia (impaired sense of smell). […] Because of the eosinophilic inflammation, this form of nonallergic rhinitis responds well to intranasal steroids. […] The diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis depends on a thorough history and physical examination. Key questions relate to the triggers that bring on the rhinitis, which will assist the clinician in determining which subtype of rhinitis a patient may be experiencing and therefore how to manage it. […] Initial therapy should be based on the presentation. If the patient has a limited response to the therapy at follow-up in 2 to 4 weeks, the physician should consider using adjunctive medications, address patient adherence and technique, and reassess the accuracy of the initial diagnosis.
  • #1 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Senile or geriatric rhinitis is distinguished by its late onset, occurring primarily in older patients. It presents as watery rhinorrhea that worsens in response to patient-identified triggers, including food, odors, or environmental irritants. […] Gustatory rhinitis represents a nasal response to consuming specific foods (e.g., spicy foods) or liquids (e.g., alcohol). It is distinguished primarily by its trigger and often overlaps with senile rhinitis. […] Drug-induced rhinitis can occur with use of various medications and illicit drugs, including antihypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and cocaine. […] Hormonal rhinitis refers to the onset of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea associated with endogenous female hormones. The response to the hormones of pregnancy is the most classic and common example. Symptoms resolve with the end of pregnancy.
  • #1 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Occupational rhinitis is a result of occupational exposures, ranging from latex and flour to chemicals and particles. Symptoms typically worsen throughout the workweek and improve with time off. Determining and avoiding the trigger are key to treatment. […] Diagnosing chronic nonallergic rhinitis can be challenging because nasal congestion and rhinorrhea can also occur with allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nonallergic rhinitis was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. […] Treatment is symptom-driven, and patients should be advised to avoid any identifiable triggers when possible. […] Intranasal corticosteroids are first-line therapy for nonallergic rhinitis. […] Subgroups of patients with nonallergic rhinitis may not respond to intranasal corticosteroids, such as those with symptoms triggered predominantly by weather and temperature changes.
  • #1 What is Rhinitis? | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | BENADRYL® UK
    https://www.benadryl.co.uk/allergy-types/rhinitis
    Non-allergic rhinitis symptoms may include: Congestion: including a stuffy, blocked or running nose, and sneezing […] The symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis are like those of allergic rhinitis, although the condition does not involve the immune system. Non-allergic rhinitis typically only develops in adults and symptoms can last all year round. […] Non-allergic rhinitis can be triggered by environmental or occupational irritants, weather changes, infections, foods and beverages, such as spicy food and alcohol, certain odours or irritants in the air, such as paint fumes or perfumes, hormonal changes, such as those in puberty or pregnancy, or from taking oral contraception or HRT medications, tobacco smoke, frequent use of decongestant nasal sprays, certain medications, including aspirin, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-inflammatories, exercise, conditions such as an underactive thyroid.
  • #1 Vasomotor Rhinitis (VMR)
    https://www.asthmafoundation.org.nz/your-health/other-respiratory-conditions/vasomotor-rhinitis-vmr
    Non-allergic, non-infectious eg Vasomotor Rhinitis (or Irritant rhinitis). „Vaso” means blood vessels and „motor” refers to the nerves, which innervates nasal tissue and the blood vessels. This is sometimes referred to as idiopathic non-allergic rhinitis. It is estimated that up to 10% of the population suffers from non-allergic rhinitis. […] Vasomotor Rhinitis is chronic rhinitis that is characterised by intermittent (coming and going) episodes of sneezing, watery nasal drainage (rhinorrhea), and blood vessel congestion of the nasal mucus membranes. There appears to be a hypersensitive response to stimuli such as a dry atmosphere, air pollutants, spicy foods, alcohol, strong emotions, and some medications. […] Subjects with predominantly rhinorrhea (sometimes referred to as cholinergic rhinitis) appear to have enhanced cholinergic glandular secretory activity, since atropine effectively reduces their secretions.
  • #1 Nonallergic rhinitis | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis?content_id=CON-20155767
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose. It can be a long-term problem, and it has no clear cause. The symptoms are like those of hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis. But nonallergic rhinitis isn’t caused by allergies. […] Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms often come and go year-round. Your symptoms might include: Stuffy or runny nose. Sneezing. Mucus in the throat. Cough. […] Nonallergic rhinitis most often doesn’t cause an itchy nose, eyes or throat. That symptom is linked with allergies such as hay fever. […] Nonallergic rhinitis might be linked to: Nasal polyps. These are soft growths that form on the tissue that lines the inside of the nose. Polyps also can form on the lining of the spaces inside the nose and head, called sinuses. Polyps are caused by swelling, also known as inflammation. They’re not cancer. Small polyps might not cause problems. But larger ones can block the airflow through the nose. That makes it hard to breathe. […] Long-term congestion in the nose due to nonallergic rhinitis can raise the risk of sinusitis.
  • #1 Nonallergic rhinitis
    https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/n/nonallergic-rhinitis/?section=Diagnosis
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves chronic sneezing or a congested, drippy nose with no apparent cause. Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms are similar to those of hay fever (allergic rhinitis), but with none of the usual evidence of an allergic reaction. […] If you have nonallergic rhinitis, you probably have symptoms that come and go year-round. Signs and symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis might include: Stuffy or runny nose, Sneezing, Mucus in the throat, Cough. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually cause itchy nose, eyes or throat — symptoms associated with allergies such as hay fever. […] Nonallergic rhinitis might be linked to: Nasal polyps. These are soft, noncancerous (benign) growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. Small polyps might not cause problems. But larger polyps can block the airflow through your nose, making it difficult to breathe.
  • #1 Patient education: Nonallergic rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonallergic-rhinitis-runny-or-stuffy-nose-beyond-the-basics
    […] […] The cause of nonallergic rhinitis is not known. However, many triggers of symptoms are known. These include irritants, such as tobacco smoke, traffic fumes, strong odors, and perfumes, as well as weather conditions (such as the arrival of a weather front). […] […] […] Treatment of nonallergic rhinitis includes trigger avoidance, medications, and/or nasal rinsing or irrigation. […] […] […] Daily use of a nasal glucocorticoid (steroid) and/or an antihistamine nasal spray can be helpful for people with nonallergic rhinitis. These medications may be used alone or in combination. […] […] […] Some patients with nonallergic rhinitis resort to using over-the-counter nasal sprays containing a nasal decongestant (eg, oxymetazoline or phenylephrine). Although these sprays can give rapid relief of congestion when used occasionally, the effects lessen if they are used regularly. […] […] […] The dose or frequency of medications can be reduced in some patients over time. However, in most patients, symptoms are lifelong, and some medication is usually needed on a daily and long-term basis.
  • #1 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis – Socalallergy
    https://www.socalallergy.com/chronic-nonallergic-rhinitis
    Although chronic nonallergic rhinitis can make patients quite uncomfortable, you should understand that it is not a serious problem and there are no significant complications in the vast majority of instances. Occasionally sinus infections can occur, but these can usually be adequately treated with medication. Nonetheless, this problem, in most instances, is a lifelong condition and, although not serious, often requires the administration of medication to keep the patient comfortable.
  • #2 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Chronic nonallergic rhinitis encompasses a group of rhinitis subtypes without allergic or infectious etiologies. Although chronic nonallergic rhinitis represents about one-fourth of rhinitis cases and impacts 20 to 30 million patients in the United States, its pathophysiology is unclear and diagnostic testing is not available. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis was previously referred to as nonallergic vasomotor or vasomotor rhinitis, but it was renamed because of a lack of evidence showing a vascular origin. The best current evidence supports nociceptor and autonomic nerve dysregulation as components in all forms of nonallergic rhinitis. […] A negative result on allergy testing is one unifying characteristic of the chronic nonallergic rhinitis subtypes. Beyond that, clinical characteristics help define the conditions. First, these conditions are chronic (i.e., lasting at least three months). They can be perennial, persistent, intermittent, or seasonal. Clinically, chronic nonallergic rhinitis is characterized by its nonallergic triggers, including weather changes, tobacco smoke, automotive emission fumes, and irritants such as chemicals with strong odors (e.g., perfumes, chlorine).
  • #2 Vasomotor Rhinitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17950-nonallergic-rhinitis
    Vasomotor (nonallergic) rhinitis is inflammation of nasal tissues that results in sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose or postnasal drip. Unlike allergic rhinitis (or hay fever), the symptoms are of an unknown cause. Likely, they result from triggers that irritate your nose. […] Vasomotor rhinitis, unlike allergic rhinitis, doesnt happen because youre sensitive to a specific allergen, like tree pollen, dust mites or mold. Instead, various triggers may cause symptoms. Its likely people with vasomotor rhinitis have heightened sensitivity to various substances and environmental changes that would trigger a response in most people just in higher amounts. […] Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis include: Stuffy nose. Runny nose. Postnasal drip. Sneezing. Diminished sense of smell. […] There isnt a cure for nonallergic rhinitis. Most people manage symptoms with self-care measures, changes to their environment and medicine. […] For many people, vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic, or long-term, condition. It may come and go over time.
  • #2 Non-allergic rhinitis
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-allergic-rhinitis/
    Non-allergic rhinitis happens when the inside of your nose becomes irritated, causing a blocked or runny nose. It can be treated with medicines from a pharmacist or GP. The most common symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis are: a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, an itchy nose, a reduced sense of smell. Sometimes non-allergic rhinitis can also cause a crust to form inside the nose. This may have a bad smell and bleed if you try to remove it. Non-allergic rhinitis is not harmful, but it can affect your life. You can often treat it without seeing a GP. Non-allergic rhinitis often gets better on its own without any treatment. If needed, a GP may prescribe stronger medicine, such as prescription nasal sprays. […] You may be referred to a specialist for further tests and treatment if it’s not clear what’s causing your symptoms or they’re severe.
  • #2 Nonallergic Rhinitis – Vasomotor Defined
    https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/nonallergic-rhinitis-vasomotor-defined
    Nonallergic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis) is a condition that causes chronic sneezing, congestion, or runny nose. […] The most common symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis are: Stuffy nose, Runny nose, Sneezing, Postnasal drip. […] Unlike the allergic form, nonallergic rhinitis rarely causes itchy nose, eyes or throat. […] Nonallergic rhinitis cannot be cured, but many people find relief by avoiding triggers, using a saline rinse solution or by taking over-the-counter or prescription medications.
  • #2 Nonallergic rhinitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351229
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose. It can be a long-term problem, and it has no clear cause. The symptoms are like those of hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis. But nonallergic rhinitis isn’t caused by allergies. […] Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms often come and go year-round. Your symptoms might include: Stuffy or runny nose. Sneezing. Mucus in the throat. Cough. […] Nonallergic rhinitis most often doesn’t cause an itchy nose, eyes or throat. That symptom is linked with allergies such as hay fever.
  • #2 Patient education: Nonallergic rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonallergic-rhinitis-runny-or-stuffy-nose-beyond-the-basics
    […] […] The cause of nonallergic rhinitis is not known. However, many triggers of symptoms are known. These include irritants, such as tobacco smoke, traffic fumes, strong odors, and perfumes, as well as weather conditions (such as the arrival of a weather front). […] […] […] Treatment of nonallergic rhinitis includes trigger avoidance, medications, and/or nasal rinsing or irrigation. […] […] […] Daily use of a nasal glucocorticoid (steroid) and/or an antihistamine nasal spray can be helpful for people with nonallergic rhinitis. These medications may be used alone or in combination. […] […] […] Some patients with nonallergic rhinitis resort to using over-the-counter nasal sprays containing a nasal decongestant (eg, oxymetazoline or phenylephrine). Although these sprays can give rapid relief of congestion when used occasionally, the effects lessen if they are used regularly. […] […] […] The dose or frequency of medications can be reduced in some patients over time. However, in most patients, symptoms are lifelong, and some medication is usually needed on a daily and long-term basis.
  • #2 What Is Gustatory Rhinitis? What Causes It and How It’s Treated
    https://www.webmd.com/allergies/what-to-know-gustatory-rhinitis
    Nonallergic rhinitis is when you sneeze or have a runny or congested nose with no obvious cause. The symptoms are similar to those of allergies such as hay fever also called allergic rhinitis. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually cause itching eyes, nose, or throat the way that allergic rhinitis does. Nonallergic rhinitis is diagnosed after several allergies are ruled out. […] The symptoms are usually present year-round though they may worsen with changing seasons. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually occur in children. It usually develops after people turn 20 years old. […] The symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis can be triggered by a variety of different irritants, including: Tobacco smoke, Traffic fumes, Perfumes, Strong odors, Weather changes, Dust, Smog, Alcohol, Hot or spicy foods, Over-the-counter medicines like aspirin or ibuprofen, Prescription medicines like high blood pressure medicines, antidepressants, or oral contraceptives, Decongestant nasal spray overuse, Hormonal changes with pregnancy, menstruation, or hypothyroidism, Sleeping on your back, Sleep apnea a condition where you briefly stop breathing during sleep, Acid reflux also called heartburn.
  • #2 Persistent Rhinitis (Sneezing): Cause and Treatment
    https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/persistent-rhinitis-sneezing
    Persistent rhinitis typically causes sneezing and a blocked, itchy and runny nose. […] The symptoms vary in severity. Some people have mild nasal irritation which comes and goes and causes little trouble. On the other hand, some people become distressed by their regular, daily symptoms. Severe symptoms can affect work, school, home and social life. […] The causes of persistent rhinitis can be divided into allergic and non-allergic. […] There can be various other causes or triggers for persistent rhinitis. These triggers can cause a rhinitis in their own right but they can also make symptoms worse if you already have an allergic rhinitis. […] Persistent rhinitis is common. It can affect anyone of any age, although it affects adults more commonly than children. […] Persistent rhinitis is an ongoing (chronic) condition that usually needs regular treatment to prevent symptoms. However, over time the condition may ease and even go completely in some cases. […] Sinusitis is the most common complication of persistent rhinitis. […] Nasal polyps are sometimes a complication of rhinitis.
  • #2 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Senile or geriatric rhinitis is distinguished by its late onset, occurring primarily in older patients. It presents as watery rhinorrhea that worsens in response to patient-identified triggers, including food, odors, or environmental irritants. […] Gustatory rhinitis represents a nasal response to consuming specific foods (e.g., spicy foods) or liquids (e.g., alcohol). It is distinguished primarily by its trigger and often overlaps with senile rhinitis. […] Drug-induced rhinitis can occur with use of various medications and illicit drugs, including antihypertensives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and cocaine. […] Hormonal rhinitis refers to the onset of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea associated with endogenous female hormones. The response to the hormones of pregnancy is the most classic and common example. Symptoms resolve with the end of pregnancy.
  • #2 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Chronic nonallergic rhinitis is more common in women, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1 to 3:1. […] The most common subtype is nonallergic rhinopathy, previously known as vasomotor rhinitis or idiopathic nonallergic rhinitis. It is characterized by nasal symptoms that are triggered by environmental conditions such as strong smells or changes in temperature, humidity, or barometric pressure, typically without nasal and palatal itching or bursts of sneezing. […] Nonallergic rhinitis with nasal eosinophilia syndrome is an inflammatory type of rhinitis with increased eosinophils in the secretions and on nasal biopsy, with increased mast cells and evidence of mast cell degranulation but without positive findings on allergy testing. […] Atrophic rhinitis involves atrophy of the nasal mucosa that can lead to nasal crusting and drying. This is a noninflammatory subtype and is distinguished primarily by its unique physical examination findings.
  • #2 Nonallergic rhinitis: Common problem, chronic symptoms | MDedge
    https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/nonallergic-rhinitis-common-problem-chronic-symptoms
    Patients with nonallergic rhinitis eosinophilic syndrome (NARES) are typically middle-aged and have perennial symptoms of sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea with intermittent exacerbations. They occasionally have associated hyposmia (impaired sense of smell). […] Because of the eosinophilic inflammation, this form of nonallergic rhinitis responds well to intranasal steroids. […] The diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis depends on a thorough history and physical examination. Key questions relate to the triggers that bring on the rhinitis, which will assist the clinician in determining which subtype of rhinitis a patient may be experiencing and therefore how to manage it. […] Initial therapy should be based on the presentation. If the patient has a limited response to the therapy at follow-up in 2 to 4 weeks, the physician should consider using adjunctive medications, address patient adherence and technique, and reassess the accuracy of the initial diagnosis.
  • #2 What is Rhinitis? | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | BENADRYL® UK
    https://www.benadryl.co.uk/allergy-types/rhinitis
    Non-allergic rhinitis symptoms may include: Congestion: including a stuffy, blocked or running nose, and sneezing […] The symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis are like those of allergic rhinitis, although the condition does not involve the immune system. Non-allergic rhinitis typically only develops in adults and symptoms can last all year round. […] Non-allergic rhinitis can be triggered by environmental or occupational irritants, weather changes, infections, foods and beverages, such as spicy food and alcohol, certain odours or irritants in the air, such as paint fumes or perfumes, hormonal changes, such as those in puberty or pregnancy, or from taking oral contraception or HRT medications, tobacco smoke, frequent use of decongestant nasal sprays, certain medications, including aspirin, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and anti-inflammatories, exercise, conditions such as an underactive thyroid.
  • #2 Vasomotor Rhinitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547704/
    Chronic vasomotor rhinitis symptoms often interfere with work performance and school attendance due to loss of productivity and frequent doctor visits. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis places considerable physical and economic burdens on sufferers. […] Nonallergic rhinitis is a persistent condition that is usually present lifelong. […] As high as 52% of patients experienced worsening disease, with a 12% increase in persistence, and a 9% increase in the severity of nasal symptoms. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis is often associated with other conditions such as headaches, eustachian tube dysfunction, nasal polyps, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic cough.
  • #2 Identifying and Managing Non-allergic Rhinitis | Carolina Ear Nose & Throat – Sinus and Allergy Center | Blog
    https://carolinaearnosethroat.com/identifying-and-managing-non-allergic-rhinitis/
    Non-allergic rhinitis is similar in symptoms to allergic rhinitis. Symptoms may include but are not limited to: Stuffy or runny nose, Sneezing, Mucus in the throat, Cough. […] Non-allergic rhinitis does not usually cause the itchy eyes, nose or throat associated with allergic rhinitis. […] Non-allergic rhinitis is harder to identify and is frequently ignored as a minor issue, but studies have shown that untreated rhinitis does significantly increase the risk of other comorbid conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, fatigue, headache, malaise, poor appetite and weakness. […] Promptly addressing and seeking treatment from an ENT specialist for non-allergic rhinitis can greatly benefit your overall health.
  • #2 Nonallergic rhinitis | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/nonallergic-rhinitis?content_id=CON-20155767
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose. It can be a long-term problem, and it has no clear cause. The symptoms are like those of hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis. But nonallergic rhinitis isn’t caused by allergies. […] Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms often come and go year-round. Your symptoms might include: Stuffy or runny nose. Sneezing. Mucus in the throat. Cough. […] Nonallergic rhinitis most often doesn’t cause an itchy nose, eyes or throat. That symptom is linked with allergies such as hay fever. […] Nonallergic rhinitis might be linked to: Nasal polyps. These are soft growths that form on the tissue that lines the inside of the nose. Polyps also can form on the lining of the spaces inside the nose and head, called sinuses. Polyps are caused by swelling, also known as inflammation. They’re not cancer. Small polyps might not cause problems. But larger ones can block the airflow through the nose. That makes it hard to breathe. […] Long-term congestion in the nose due to nonallergic rhinitis can raise the risk of sinusitis.
  • #2 Pharmacotherapy for Nonallergic Rhinitis: Overview, Distinguishing Types of Nonallergic Rhinitis, Pharmacotherapy
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/874171-overview
    Quality of life studies have demonstrated that the burden of rhinitis is not simply sinonasal but may be associated with impaired sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, concentration problems, and increased irritability. […] According to a 2007 Danish study, nonallergic rhinitis affects up to 25% of the population, and nearly half of these individuals seek treatment for relief of their symptoms. […] Nonallergic rhinitis has 7 basic subclassifications, as follows: (1) infectious rhinitis, (2) vasomotor rhinitis, (3) occupational rhinitis, (4) hormonal rhinitis, (5) drug-induced rhinitis, (6) gustatory rhinitis, and (7) nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES). […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis have been shown to be at a higher risk of asthma, and vice versa. […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis typically present with rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritus, and nasal congestion. […] Patients with nonallergic rhinitis present with nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and hyposmia.
  • #2 Nonallergic rhinitis
    https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/n/nonallergic-rhinitis/?section=Diagnosis
    Nonallergic rhinitis involves chronic sneezing or a congested, drippy nose with no apparent cause. Nonallergic rhinitis symptoms are similar to those of hay fever (allergic rhinitis), but with none of the usual evidence of an allergic reaction. […] If you have nonallergic rhinitis, you probably have symptoms that come and go year-round. Signs and symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis might include: Stuffy or runny nose, Sneezing, Mucus in the throat, Cough. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually cause itchy nose, eyes or throat — symptoms associated with allergies such as hay fever. […] Nonallergic rhinitis might be linked to: Nasal polyps. These are soft, noncancerous (benign) growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. Small polyps might not cause problems. But larger polyps can block the airflow through your nose, making it difficult to breathe.
  • #2 Patient education: Nonallergic rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonallergic-rhinitis-runny-or-stuffy-nose-beyond-the-basics/print
    […] […] The cause of nonallergic rhinitis is not known. However, many triggers of symptoms are known. These include irritants, such as tobacco smoke, traffic fumes, strong odors, and perfumes, as well as weather conditions (such as the arrival of a weather front). […] […] […] Treatment of nonallergic rhinitis includes trigger avoidance, medications, and/or nasal rinsing or irrigation. […] […] […] Daily use of a nasal glucocorticoid (steroid) and/or an antihistamine nasal spray can be helpful for people with nonallergic rhinitis. These medications may be used alone or in combination. […] […] […] Nasal glucocorticoids (steroids) have been shown to be effective for symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis. Most are available over-the-counter in the United States (sample brand names: Flonase Allergy Relief, Flonase Sensimist, Rhinocort Allergy, Nasacort). […] […] […] The dose or frequency of medications can be reduced in some patients over time. However, in most patients, symptoms are lifelong, and some medication is usually needed on a daily and long-term basis.
  • #2 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis – Socalallergy
    https://www.socalallergy.com/chronic-nonallergic-rhinitis
    Although chronic nonallergic rhinitis can make patients quite uncomfortable, you should understand that it is not a serious problem and there are no significant complications in the vast majority of instances. Occasionally sinus infections can occur, but these can usually be adequately treated with medication. Nonetheless, this problem, in most instances, is a lifelong condition and, although not serious, often requires the administration of medication to keep the patient comfortable.
  • #2 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Intranasal antihistamines are effective for nonallergic rhinitis, likely because of their actions as anti-inflammatory and neuroinflammatory blockers. […] Although there is more evidence for using intranasal corticosteroids combined with intranasal antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis, this combination is also beneficial in patients with nonallergic rhinitis whose symptoms are not adequately controlled with either therapy alone. […] Intranasal ipratropium has been proven effective in decreasing rhinorrhea and is a reasonable monotherapy for patients who have rhinorrhea as a predominant symptom, particularly those with gustatory nonallergic rhinitis or weather-induced nonallergic rhinitis, such as skiers and joggers. […] Decongestants effectively manage congestion regardless of etiology. However, they have not been studied in the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis. […] Nasal irrigation with saline or hypertonic saline may be helpful in the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis.
  • #3 Chronic Nonallergic Rhinitis | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0801/p171.html
    Chronic nonallergic rhinitis encompasses a group of rhinitis subtypes without allergic or infectious etiologies. Although chronic nonallergic rhinitis represents about one-fourth of rhinitis cases and impacts 20 to 30 million patients in the United States, its pathophysiology is unclear and diagnostic testing is not available. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis was previously referred to as nonallergic vasomotor or vasomotor rhinitis, but it was renamed because of a lack of evidence showing a vascular origin. The best current evidence supports nociceptor and autonomic nerve dysregulation as components in all forms of nonallergic rhinitis. […] A negative result on allergy testing is one unifying characteristic of the chronic nonallergic rhinitis subtypes. Beyond that, clinical characteristics help define the conditions. First, these conditions are chronic (i.e., lasting at least three months). They can be perennial, persistent, intermittent, or seasonal. Clinically, chronic nonallergic rhinitis is characterized by its nonallergic triggers, including weather changes, tobacco smoke, automotive emission fumes, and irritants such as chemicals with strong odors (e.g., perfumes, chlorine).
  • #3 What Is Gustatory Rhinitis? What Causes It and How It’s Treated
    https://www.webmd.com/allergies/what-to-know-gustatory-rhinitis
    Nonallergic rhinitis is when you sneeze or have a runny or congested nose with no obvious cause. The symptoms are similar to those of allergies such as hay fever also called allergic rhinitis. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually cause itching eyes, nose, or throat the way that allergic rhinitis does. Nonallergic rhinitis is diagnosed after several allergies are ruled out. […] The symptoms are usually present year-round though they may worsen with changing seasons. Nonallergic rhinitis doesn’t usually occur in children. It usually develops after people turn 20 years old. […] The symptoms of nonallergic rhinitis can be triggered by a variety of different irritants, including: Tobacco smoke, Traffic fumes, Perfumes, Strong odors, Weather changes, Dust, Smog, Alcohol, Hot or spicy foods, Over-the-counter medicines like aspirin or ibuprofen, Prescription medicines like high blood pressure medicines, antidepressants, or oral contraceptives, Decongestant nasal spray overuse, Hormonal changes with pregnancy, menstruation, or hypothyroidism, Sleeping on your back, Sleep apnea a condition where you briefly stop breathing during sleep, Acid reflux also called heartburn.
  • #3 Vasomotor Rhinitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547704/
    Chronic vasomotor rhinitis symptoms often interfere with work performance and school attendance due to loss of productivity and frequent doctor visits. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis places considerable physical and economic burdens on sufferers. […] Nonallergic rhinitis is a persistent condition that is usually present lifelong. […] As high as 52% of patients experienced worsening disease, with a 12% increase in persistence, and a 9% increase in the severity of nasal symptoms. […] Chronic nonallergic rhinitis is often associated with other conditions such as headaches, eustachian tube dysfunction, nasal polyps, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic cough.

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