Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mastitis Prevention Tips for Breastfeeding Moms

  https://www.tmh.org/blogs/how-to-prevent-mastitis

  Keep Your Milk Moving: The frequent and thorough removal of milk from the breast is the only proven way to build and maintain milk supply and the best way to prevent mastitis. […] Frequent Emptying: Latch your baby to the breast on-cue, frequently, a minimum of eight to 12 times in a 24-hour period and allow the baby to feed until theyre content. […] Proper Latching: Ensure your babys latch is deep and comfortable for both of you. […] Breast Care: Proper breast hygiene is essential in preventing mastitis. […] If you suspect you have mastitis, its essential to seek medical advice from your healthcare provider or a lactation consultant. […] Frequent and effective milk removal is key to resolving mastitis.

• #2 Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094918/

  Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast, with or without infection. It can be viewed as a continuum of disease, from noninfective inflammation of the breast to infection that may lead to abscess formation. […] To assess the effectiveness of preventive strategies (for example, breastfeeding education, pharmacological treatments and alternative therapies) on the occurrence or recurrence of noninfective or infective mastitis in breastfeeding women postchildbirth. […] Interventions for preventing mastitis may include: probiotics, specialist breastfeeding advice and holistic approaches. […] Probiotics may reduce the risk of mastitis more than placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35 to 0.75; 2 trials; 399 women; low certainty evidence). […] The risk of mastitis may be similar between antibiotics and usual care or placebo (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.34; 3 trials; 429 women; low certainty evidence).

• #3 The NEW Mastitis protocol — For Modern Mothers – Everything for a positive and empowering pregnancy, birth & motherhood

  https://www.formodernmothers.com/blog/new-mastitis-protocol

  These changes have been made to the clinical protocol for Mastitis by the ABM as there have been several key changes that significantly shift what we thought we knew about Mastitis. […] Mastitis is now described as a spectrum – not one sole thing. Oversupply (hyperlactation) is the first marker, this can then lead to painful inflammation which causes narrowing of the milk ducts (previously called a plugged duct), which could then progress to inflammatory mastitis. […] So what we previously called plugged ducts are now more accurately described as ductal narrowing, which means that using cold compress and other anti-inflammatory treatments should be used to manage mastitis instead of what was previously advised in guidance – heat (the opposite!). […] A hot/warm compress used to be the advice. But because heat doesnt help reduce inflammation the recommendation when you have a painful plugged duct (which is actually a duct narrowing due to inflammation) is now to use COLD to tackle that swelling instead, which will reduce the blood flow and swelling.

• #4 Rethinking Mastitis: A Summary Of The New Mastitis Spectrum Protocol From The Academy Of Breastfeeding Medicine | Nest Collaborativemap-markerphoneenvelopeangle-downcommentingmenu-circlecross-circle

  https://nestcollaborative.com/blog/rethinking-mastitis-a-summary-of-the-new-mastitis-spectrum-protocol-from-the-academy-of-breastfeeding-medicine/

  Mastitis: Characterized by pain, swelling, warmth and redness of breasts, fever, and malaise, this might be one of the most dreaded words for any lactating parent. […] But what if part of the explanation for stubborn, recurrent mastitis is that we’ve been treating it wrong all this time? […] According to the new research referenced by the ABM, following this aspect of the previous mastitis protocol is actually just about the worst thing you can do. […] The new research shows that the true cause of mastitis isn’t clogged ducts and the lack of frequent and complete milk removal, as once believed. The real culprits? A narrowing of the milk ducts and congestion and inflammation within the breast that are caused by an imbalance of the breast microbiome (dysbiosis) and/or hyperlactation (also known as “oversupply”).

• #5 Mastitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829

  Before you start breastfeeding, think about meeting with a breastfeeding specialist, called a lactation consultant. This can help you avoid complications such as mastitis. […] Lower your chances of getting mastitis by following these tips: […] Feed your baby on demand or let out milk with your hand, called expressing, often. […] Fully drain the milk from your breasts while breastfeeding. […] Let your baby empty one breast all the way before switching to the other breast during feeding. […] Change the position you use to breastfeed from one feeding to the next. […] Make sure your baby latches on well during feedings. […] If you smoke, talk with your healthcare professional about how to quit.

• #6

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tn8011

  Taking these steps can help prevent mastitis. […] Breastfeed regularly. Follow your babys cues to feed. […] Position yourself well. When you and your baby are aligned, the baby can latch on to the areola, not just the nipple and will be able to empty your breast. […] Use different positions. This can help drain all areas of your breast. […] Alternate which breast you offer first. […] Wear a supportive bra that fits. […] Avoid massaging your breasts. Avoid deep breast massage or massaging your breasts towards your nipple. This can cause damage to your breast tissue. […] Try to rest. Ask your partner, family, and friends to help you at home.

• #7 How to Treat and Prevent Mastitis | American Pregnancy Association

  https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/breastfeeding/how-to-treat-and-prevent-mastitis/

  Mastitis Prevention […] Minimize your chances of getting mastitis by following these tips: […] Fully drain the milk from your breasts while breastfeeding. […] Allow your baby to completely empty one breast before switching to the other breast during feeding. […] Change the position you use to breast-feed from one feeding to the next. […] Make sure your baby latches on properly during feedings. […] Prevent your breasts from becoming engorged by pumping or hand expressing your breast milk. […] Avoid wearing tight bras or anything that confines, restricts, or puts pressure on your breasts. […] Wean your baby gradually so your milk supply will gradually go down. This reduces the chance of engorgement, plugged ducts, and mastitis. […] If you smoke, ask your doctor about smoking cessation.

• #8 Mastitis – Breastfeeding challenges – Start for Life – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/feeding-your-baby/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-challenges/mastitis/

  Once it’s diagnosed, mastitis is quick and easy to treat. But remember, prevention is better than cure. […] The following tips may help reduce the risk of developing mastitis: […] if possible, breastfeed exclusively (avoid using first infant formula to top up, or a dummy) […] feed frequently and responsively long gaps in between feeds can create a build-up of breast milk […] encourage your baby to feed if you feel your breasts are getting full […] make sure your baby latches on properly try different breastfeeding positions to work out which is most comfortable […] wait for your baby to finish feeding usually, they’ll release when they’re finished […] when you want to stop breastfeeding, try cutting down your feeds gradually do not suddenly go longer between feeds […] avoid wearing a bra or clothing that is too tight and puts pressure on your breasts.

• #9 Mastitis | Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/m/mastitis

  Mastitis includes a range of conditions caused by inflammation and swelling in the breast that is not relieved by directly breastfeeding the baby or by pumping. […] Any individual with mastitis symptoms should seek medical care right away. […] To prevent mastitis from occurring or from occurring again after the first episode: Breastfeed the baby at the breast as often as the baby is hungry. […] Latch the baby deeply so there is no pain with breastfeeding. If there is pain with the latch, seek help to prevent nipple soreness. […] If you pump, pump the amount of milk that the baby takes during a feeding. Do not pump more volume than the baby needs. Oversupply of milk can lead to mastitis. […] Avoid a tight-fitting bra; do not wear an underwire bra. […] If you want to wean your milk supply, do so very slowly to prevent swelling of the milk in the breast and potential mastitis symptoms.

• #10 Preventing Mastitis | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.preventing-mastitis.tn8011

  Taking these steps can help prevent mastitis. […] Breastfeed regularly. This helps keep milk moving. If you know you’ll go more than 4 hours without feeding your baby, arrange to pump. Try to only pump when you need to and avoid pumping extra. Pumping more than your baby needs may cause more inflammation. […] Position yourself well. When you and your baby are aligned, the baby can latch on to the areola, not just the nipple. […] Use different positions. This can help drain all areas of your breast. Try breastfeeding positions such as the Australian hold, the cradle hold, the cross-cradle hold, the football hold, and the side-lying position. […] Wear a supportive bra that fits. […] Take care of your nipples. Air-dry your nipples after you breastfeed. This can prevent irritation and cracking. […] Avoid massaging your breasts. This can cause tissue injury and increase inflammation. […] When you are ready to wean your baby, do it gradually. Gradual weaning helps prevent your breasts from getting too full.

• #11 Mastitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15613-mastitis

  A good rule of thumb is to only pump whats needed for your baby. If youre feeding from your breast, dont pump afterward to drain it. […] Women who are breastfeeding can also take these steps to lower their chances of getting mastitis: […] Dont wear tight-fitting bras. […] Avoid using nipple shells or other devices on your breasts.

• #12 Mastitis Guide: Prevention and Treatment – Bedford Breast Center

  https://www.bedfordbreastcenter.com/blog/mastitis-guide-prevention-and-treatment/

  Mastitis is an infection that occurs in the breast tissue, often due to stasis (blockage) of milk glands. If milk isn’t adequately drained from the breast, bacteria can enter causing painful inflammatory infection. […] Several factors can contribute to the development of mastitis: Engorgement and Poor Drainage: Ineffective breastfeeding or missed feedings can lead to milk stasis, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth. […] While some factors leading to mastitis are beyond your control, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk: Proper Latch and Positioning: Ensuring your baby has a proper latch and positioning during breastfeeding helps prevent nipple trauma and engorgement. Frequent Feeding: Regular breastfeeding prevents milk stasis and helps maintain good milk flow. Empty Your Breasts: If your baby doesn’t fully empty your breasts, use a breast pump to drain the remaining milk. Avoid Tight Bras: Select comfortable, well-fitting bras that don’t compress your breasts. Manage Stress: Prioritize self-care and stress management to strengthen your immune system. […] Mastitis can be a challenging hurdle on your breastfeeding journey, but you can overcome it with knowledge and proper care. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and taking preventive measures are vital to reducing risk.

• #13 The NEW Mastitis protocol — For Modern Mothers – Everything for a positive and empowering pregnancy, birth & motherhood

  https://www.formodernmothers.com/blog/new-mastitis-protocol

  Plugged ducts are actually an inflammation (not a milk blockage as previously thought) so using NSAIDs such as ibuprofen can help. […] If you need to relieve discomfort from your breasts then doing this via hand expression is now advised, so you can be gentle and also not overstimulate. […] Be gentle with your massage! […] Attempts to extrude a plug or milk precipitate by squeezing or aggressively massaging the breast are ineffective and result in tissue trauma, note the new guidelines authors. […] So instead the guidance now is to try gentle, lymphatic draining massage which involves a light sweeping of the skin rather than deep tissue massage. […] But the new protocol says that actually antibiotics may not always be required (only reserved for whats called bacterial mastitis – see more below on this type of Mastitis) and not for inflammatory mastitis nor for mastitis prevention.

• #14 How to Prevent and Treat Mastitis | Fullscript

  https://fullscript.com/blog/mastitis-treatment

  When your breasts are too full for your baby to latch properly, or when you’re still feeling full after a feeding, you can hand-express or use a breast pump to relieve the pressure and prevent clogged ducts. […] Enough rest sounds almost laughable when you’re a new mom, but being overtired can increase your risk of mastitis. […] Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can contribute to mastitis, and proper hygiene can help keep it at bay. […] Keep an eye out for pain, redness, or lumps in your breast. These can all be signs that milk is not flowing freely. […] While a number of natural remedies for mastitis have been proposed, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in women. […] Additionally, research indicates that it’s safe to continue to breastfeed during a bout of mastitis.

• #15 Mastitis Prevention and Management – IABLE

  https://lacted.org/iable-breastfeeding-education-handouts/mastitis/

  Mastitis is a general term for inflammation of the breast. […] Mastitis usually occurs because milk has not been removed from an area of the breast at the usual time. […] Many times, your symptoms can be resolved with some care at home to decrease the inflammation in your breast. […] Avoid pumping extra milk beyond what your baby needs, as this will raise milk production and increase the risk of breast swelling and inflammation. […] Continue a similar routine of milk removal by nursing or pumping around the same times each day. […] If you are pumping, keep your pump parts clean. Breast infections can occur from pump parts that are not cleaned after each use. […] Avoid nipple shields, as milk removal is often more difficult with these in place.

• #16

  https://hcp.kendamil.com/blogs/news/new-mastitis-treatment-guidelines-to-support-breastfeeding-mothers

  Feeding the baby on demand or pumping on a normal schedule is recommended to avoid signalling the body to produce even more milk and perpetuating the cycle of oversupply. […] For inflamed ducts and inflammatory mastitis, ice packs or cold compresses are recommended instead of hot or warm compresses. […] NSAIDs such as ibuprofen can be helpful in managing the inflammation associated with ductal narrowing. […] To relieve discomfort from the breasts, gentle hand expression is advised to avoid overstimulation. […] Gentle lymphatic draining massage, involving a light sweeping of the skin rather than deep tissue massage, is recommended. […] Taking probiotics for mastitis prevention. Antibiotics should only be reserved for bacterial mastitis. […] The new protocol for treating mastitis by the ABM represents a significant shift in our understanding and management of this condition and importantly, providing breastfeeding mothers with the most effective care and support.

• #17 Rethinking Mastitis: A Summary Of The New Mastitis Spectrum Protocol From The Academy Of Breastfeeding Medicine | Nest Collaborativemap-markerphoneenvelopeangle-downcommentingmenu-circlecross-circle

  https://nestcollaborative.com/blog/rethinking-mastitis-a-summary-of-the-new-mastitis-spectrum-protocol-from-the-academy-of-breastfeeding-medicine/

  Inflammatory mastitis often resolves without antibiotic treatment, and antibiotic use can lead to dysbiosis, a risk factor for recurrent mastitis. […] Instead, nurse on demand and pump only to comfort, use ice and an anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen to ease discomfort and reduce inflammation, and consider ditching the antibiotics (in consultation with your provider, of course).

• #18 Rethinking Mastitis: A Summary Of The New Mastitis Spectrum Protocol From The Academy Of Breastfeeding Medicine | Nest Collaborativemap-markerphoneenvelopeangle-downcommentingmenu-circlecross-circle

  https://nestcollaborative.com/blog/rethinking-mastitis-a-summary-of-the-new-mastitis-spectrum-protocol-from-the-academy-of-breastfeeding-medicine/

  With this new information, it’s easy to see how previous recommendations could set into motion vicious cycles of recurrent mastitis. That’s also why it’s vital to get the word out about the new protocol. […] According to the ABM, the priority should be conservative treatment, decreasing inflammation, and correcting dysbiosis. […] First of all, swap out “pump, pump, pump!” for “ice, ice, ice!” The new mastitis treatments are all about decreasing excess stimulation to the breasts and reducing inflammation. […] Frequent milk removal can exacerbate hyperlactation, leading to inflammation and mastitis. […] Breast pumps and nipple shields don’t allow for the exchange of healthy bacteria between mom and baby, which can be a risk factor for dysbiosis. […] Deep massage can increase inflammation and edema.

• #19 Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094918/

  The risk of mastitis may be similar between fusidic acid ointment and breastfeeding advice (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.22; 1 trial; 40 women; low certainty evidence) and mupirocin ointment and breastfeeding advice (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.35; 1 trial; 48 women; low certainty evidence) but we are uncertain due to the wide CIs. […] The risk of mastitis (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.17 to 4.95; 1 trial; 203 women; low certainty evidence) and breast pain (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.36 to 2.37; 1 trial; 203 women; low certainty evidence) may be similar but we are uncertain due to the wide CIs. […] Acupoint massage probably reduces the risk of mastitis compared to routine care (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.78; 1 trial; 400 women; moderate certainty evidence) and breast pain (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.23; 1 trial; 400 women; moderate certainty evidence).

• #20 The NEW Mastitis protocol — For Modern Mothers – Everything for a positive and empowering pregnancy, birth & motherhood

  https://www.formodernmothers.com/blog/new-mastitis-protocol

  Its now said that you should consider taking probiotics for mastitis prevention. […] According to the new guidance Use of antibiotics for inflammatory mastitis disrupts the breast microbiome and increases the risk of progression to bacterial mastitis. Antibiotics also shouldnt be used for mastitis prevention.

• #21 Managing plugged ducts and mastitis – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/managing-plugged-ducts-mastitis-when-breastfeeding

  Plugged ducts and mastitis are common conditions that can affect up to 1 in 5 people who begin breastfeeding. […] Mastitis can be caused by any of these risk factors, in addition to having sore cracked or bleeding nipples, which can serve as an entry point for an infection and possibly lead to a prolonged hospital stay. […] You may have heard the saying „An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” That is true for breast pain caused by plugged ducts or mastitis. […] To get your breastfeeding relationship with your infant off to its best start — and avoid complications such as mastitis — keep these tips in mind: Breastfeed in different positions to allow for more thorough emptying of the breast. […] People with frequent plugged ducts may see improvement by taking a supplement called lecithin, which can reduce the „stickiness” of the milk and prevent plugged ducts from occurring. […] In addition, new research has found that taking probiotics can prevent and decrease the incidence of mastitis and is safe during breastfeeding. […] Treating a plugged duct promptly is essential to prevent further progression, reduce pain and eliminate frustration.

• #22 A Role for Probiotics in Mastitis? – International Probiotics Association

  https://internationalprobiotics.org/home/a-role-for-probiotics-in-mastitis/

  A need for alternative therapies has led researchers to explore the potential of probiotics. […] The underlying pathogenesis of mastitis is important when considering management options. Safe and effective alternatives to antibiotics are needed. […] Evidence suggests that probiotics may provide an effective measure and alternative to antibiotics in the management of lactational mastitis. Further evaluation is warranted.

• #23

  https://northamerica.covetrus.com/resource-center/blogs/large-animal/large-animal/2017/09/18/veterinarian-tips-mastitis-prevention-and-treatment

  The most costly dairy industry disease, mastitis, creates problems that affect the animal, finances, and food safety. […] When a cow is diagnosed with mastitis, her treatment involves way more than just an antibiotic. […] Studies focused on prevention recommend implementing the following 7 basic procedures into the clients herd management program. Applying these procedures doesnt require much more than some attention and a little time. […] It is important to keep the living area of the animals dry and comfortable. Stalls and lounging areas need to be regularly maintained and provided with clean and dry bedding as cows with dirty udders are more susceptible to developing mastitis. […] In addition to cleanliness, dairy cattle need to be milked in a stress-free environment. […] Establishing a routine for periodic maintenance will help to identify any problems that could cause equipment failures and/or damage to the animals.

• #24 Mastitis prevention | Aquaecologic

  https://farnax.pro/mastitis-prevention

  Mastitis is the most costly disease on a dairy farm, affecting the health of the cows and resulting in decreased milk production and lower milk quality. Mastitis is a painful condition affecting dairy cows, caused by inflammation of the mammary glands. The most effective way to prevent mastitis is minimizing the introduction of bacteria via the teats, into the mammary gland. […] Key components of good milking hygiene include: […] Teats should be cleaned and disinfected before milking to reduce the number of pathogens on the teat surface. […] Teats should be treated with a disinfectant after milking to kill any remaining pathogens on the teatskin, support a fast closing of the sphincter and reduce the risk of infection. […] This strong teat dip disinfectant has high covering properties and supports a faster sphincter closing. […] Farnax-CoDip gives an optimal protection against different types of mastitis (environmental, clinical, subclinical, ) even in the most difficult circumstances, dirty, humid and wet-bedding conditions.

• #25 14 Useful Mastitis Prevention Tips for Dairy Farmers

  https://www.mountvets.com/mastitis-prevention-tips/

  1: Gloves should be worn by all milkers at all times when milking. These have a smooth surface which bacteria have problems attaching to. They should be kept clean during milking by regular dipping in a bucket of disinfectant, containing peracetic acid. […] 2: Pre-dip all teats prior to milking. Preferably use a frothing teat cup which will sterilise the skin around the base of the teat, helping to reduce cluster contamination. If the teat is clean at the start of milking, it reduces the cluster contamination and so reduces mastitis occurrence. […] 3: All clusters should be sterilised between all cows. Use a bucket, spray or drop hose to deliver the cluster cleaning product. This product should contain peracetic acid which has a 15 second bacteria killing time. Once the problem is under control, clusters could be cleaned only after mastitis/high cell count cows or before fresh / at risk cows, if you wish.

• #26 Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Causes, Prevention, Diagnosis.

  https://farmlab.ie/understanding-mastitis-in-dairy-cows-causes-prevention-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Preventing mastitis should be a top priority for every dairy farmer, as it is much easier and cost-effective to prevent the disease than to treat it once it has occurred. A comprehensive mastitis prevention programme should include proper hygiene, regular monitoring, and appropriate management practices. […] One of the most critical aspects of mastitis prevention is maintaining excellent hygiene during milking. The milking equipment must be cleaned and maintained regularly to prevent contamination with bacteria. Its also essential to wash the cows udder and teats before milking, using disinfectant or pre-milking dips to kill any bacteria on the skins surface. After milking, post-milking teat dips should be applied to seal the teat canal and protect against bacterial invasion. […] Cows should be housed in a clean and dry environment. Wet, dirty bedding can harbour bacteria that can cause mastitis. Regularly cleaning and replacing bedding material, as well as ensuring proper ventilation in barns, will help reduce the risk of infection. If possible, deep straw bedding or sand bedding, which have better moisture management properties, should be considered.

• #27 14 Useful Mastitis Prevention Tips for Dairy Farmers

  https://www.mountvets.com/mastitis-prevention-tips/

  4: Only use one piece of paper towel per cow. This prevents the spread of contagious mastitis. […] 5: Keep cows standing up after milking for 30 minutes. This ensures the teat end has had time to close before they lie down, preventing the entrance of bacteria. […] 6: Separate the cows into two groups, of high and low cell counts. Milk the low group first, to help prevent spread from the infected to the non infected cows. […] 7: Use a good thick iodine based post dip or a barrier dip. There are some good value dips on the market that are much thicker and you may find these help. One is called Mazocare. The most common barrier dip is called Valiant (bit pricey but does a good job). […] 8: Pre-strip teats prior to milking. This removes most of the bacteria in the teat, reducing cluster contamination, and mechanically prepares the teat for milking reducing damage.

• #28 Preventing Mastitis Starts with Proper Management of Stall Bedding | Animal & Food Sciences

  https://afs.ca.uky.edu/content/preventing-mastitis-starts-proper-management-stall-bedding

  Depth of Bedding Is Essential. Sand bedding should be kept level with the curb, and be at least 6-8 inches deep. For every 3/8 inch decrease in bedding from the height of the curb, cows spent 11 minutes a day less lying down. Research suggests that decrease in lying time correlates with decreased overall welfare, eating time, and milk production. […] Bedding Must Be Frequently Groomed. Bedding needs to be managed by grooming, or leveling, the stall every day, ideally 3 times per day. Wet bedding needs to be removed from the back half of the stall. Low SCC herds groom bedding an average of 2.2 times per day, while high cell count farms only groom 1.6 times per day. Thus, bedding must be groomed to keep SCC low, as wet bedding in the back of the stall contributes to increased incidence of clinical and subclinical environmental mastitis.

• #29 Klebsiella Mastitis Prevention and Control | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/testing/testing-protocols-interpretations/klebsiella-mastitis-prevention-and-control

  Klebsiella mastitis can be visible or invisible. […] Wood based bedding products can be a source of Klebsiella. […] Many healthy cows shed Klebsiella in their feces. […] Any type of bedding, even sand, can become contaminated with Klebsiella from feces. […] Manure in alleyways and holding pens is also a source of Klebsiella. […] Effective treatment of Klebsiella mastitis requires a very specific protocol. […] Prevention through pen and alley hygiene is key! […] Vaccination does not provide much protection against Klebsiella mastitis. […] Prevention is the key to control. […] Store bedding in a clean and dry place, and keep beds as clean and dry as possible. […] Keep cows clean! Premilking teat disinfection reduces bacterial loads, but it does not remove all Klebsiella from teats that are dirty. […] Keep alleyways and holding pens clean. […] Segregate cows with Klebsiella mastitis to avoid contamination of milking machine or environment with high bacteria loads.

• #30 Essential actions to implement on the farm to reduce S. aureus mastitis

  https://mastitisvaccination.com/essential-tips-to-put-into-practice-for-s-aureus-mastitis-prevention/

  There are 2 key points for prevention of S. aureus mastitis: […] Limiting the spread between cows: reduction of the transmission rate and a low basic reproduction number (R0) […] Reducing the prevalence of infected animals and duration of intramammary infections: minimizing excretion of the agent. […] Biosecurity measures in the milking routine should be highlighted since the main transmission route is during milking. […] The use of individual disposable or reusable sanitized towels is mandatory for wiping teats, along with the use of gloves that are regularly disinfected. […] In case of high prevalence of contagious infections, stimulation by forestriping the teats should be carefully done into a cup to avoid accidental transmission to healthy quarters or cows. […] Infected cows should be milked last or with a separate unit.

• #31

  https://northamerica.covetrus.com/resource-center/blogs/large-animal/large-animal/2017/09/18/veterinarian-tips-mastitis-prevention-and-treatment

  Feeding the cattle after they are milked will keep them standing and allow the teat sphincter to fully contract and close the opening off to bacteria that could cause mastitis. […] Whenever a cow reaches the drying-off stage, administer a dry cow treatment to all four quarters. […] The start of mastitis can be identified early by the daily use of a strip cup. […] Culling an animal is difficult but, at times, necessary. […] Taking the time to follow a prevention program is essential to preventing mastitis. By following these steps, financial losses from mastitis can also be prevented!

• #32 Animal – Mastitis – Preventing | DairyNZ

  https://www.dairynz.co.nz/animal/mastitis/preventing-mastitis/

  Dry cows should be checked weekly for changes in the udder and quarters, especially during the last two weeks of their lactation and in the first two weeks of their dry period. […] Dairy cows are particularly susceptible to new mastitis infections in the first week of the dry period before their teats have sealed. […] Mastitis infections in dry cows are most likely to occur immediately after drying off and around calving. […] Cows should be closely observed during the last week of their lactation and in the first two weeks of their dry period. […] To help prevent mastitis: Visually observing udders for swollen quarters at least once a week […] Manually checking all udders fortnightly for the first 4-6 weeks of the dry period […] Applying teat spray after checking udders. […] Observing cows daily in the paddock for swollen quarters

• #33 14 Useful Mastitis Prevention Tips for Dairy Farmers

  https://www.mountvets.com/mastitis-prevention-tips/

  10: Cubicles should be limed at the back every day after bedding up. This reduces the bacteria in the area where the udder sits, reducing the environmental mastitis. […] 11: Beware of using the dump bucket on both mastitic cows and the fresh calvers. The freshly calved cows are most at risk and so should either be milked first and/or the cluster washed thoroughly in cluster dip between each cow, even between mastitic cows. […] 14: Use a teat sealant at drying off, in conjunction with an antibiotic tube. To prevent cows from picking up infections in the dry period.

• #34 Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Causes, Prevention, Diagnosis.

  https://farmlab.ie/understanding-mastitis-in-dairy-cows-causes-prevention-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Some cows are more susceptible to recurring mastitis infections. Chronic cases should be identified and considered for culling, as they can be a source of infection for other cows in the herd. This is particularly important with some infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus which tend to persist in the other and become more difficult to treat as time progresses. Culling these high-risk animals can significantly reduce the overall incidence of mastitis in the herd. […] Dry cow therapy involves administering long-acting antibiotics to cows at the end of their lactation period to treat any existing infections and prevent new ones during the dry period. This practice has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of mastitis in the subsequent lactation period. There is now an increased acceptance that antibiotics should be used selectively on infected cows at dry-off. […] A balanced diet plays a vital role in maintaining the immune system of dairy cows. Cows with a strong immune system are less likely to contract infections, including mastitis. Ensuring that cows receive adequate levels of vitamins, minerals, and energy can help reduce the risk of disease.

• #35 Dairy cows: Preventing mastitis in heifers  | AHDB

  https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/dairy-cows-preventing-mastitis-in-heifers

  Effective fly control is key to minimising the risk of summer mastitis. […] If your heifers are at a high risk of environmental infections, consider using internal teat sealants (ITS). […] A protocol to administer teat sealant and dry cow therapy can be found in our Dry cow management guide. […] Overall, the use of a teat sealant in heifers before calving tended to reduce the overall risk of clinical mastitis after calving. […] You can use teat dip or teat spray on heifers being trained through the milking parlour. […] In herds with a high incidence of severe E. coli mastitis, you could consider vaccination, which has been shown to reduce the severity of E. coli mastitis.

• #36 Mastitis prevention starts at dry-off | Merck Animal Health USA

  https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/mastitis-prevention-starts-at-dry-off

  Mastitis prevention starts at dry-off. […] More than 50% of clinical coliform mastitis cases that occur in the first 100 days in milk originate during the dry period. […] Thats why dry-off management should include a core-antigen vaccine like BOVILIS J-5. […] Core-antigen vaccines help a dairy cows immune system recognize coliform bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E.coli), when they invade the udder. […] These vaccines help stimulate the immune system to produce increased levels of specific protective antibodies against coliform bacteria, so the cows immune system is better able to destroy and remove these bacteria. […] Potential benefits of core-antigen vaccination can include reductions in mastitis severity, milk loss, pregnancy loss, culling and death associated with E. coli infections.

• #37 Dairy cows: Preventing mastitis in heifers  | AHDB

  https://ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/dairy-cows-preventing-mastitis-in-heifers

  Your strategy for controlling udder infections in your heifers should focus on preventing environmental infection and optimising management and husbandry. The calving environment is particularly important, with fly control and adequate nutrition and mineral supplementation among the key ways of preventing mastitis. […] Early detection and prompt treatment of heifer mastitis will improve herd health, production and milk quality. […] If mastitis levels in your heifers are high, consider doing a CMT on all freshly calved heifers to identify infected quarters. […] To prevent udder oedema in heifers: Reduce the cation content (sodium and potassium) of the ration. […] The aim of treatment of udder oedema is to prevent, control and relieve the side effects until the swelling eases. […] To reduce the risk of summer mastitis: Implement measures to control and minimise exposure to flies, and start fly control before the fly season starts.

• #38 Summer Mastitis – Insights on cause, signs, and prevention | Ohio Dairy Industry Resources Center

  https://dairy.osu.edu/newsletter/buckeye-dairy-news/volume-24-issue-4/summer-mastitis-%E2%80%93-insights-cause-signs-and

  Although it can happen year-round, cases of summer mastitis as the name implies increases from June to August, as the combination of wet weather and warmer temperatures encourage fly activity. […] Better yet is to invest in preventive measures to reduce the chance of cows becoming sick. […] Fly control is the first line of defense against summer mastitis. […] Grazing Conditions. Reduce larval habitats attractive to flies by removing overgrown vegetation and tall weeds which can provide cover for flies. […] Monitoring fly numbers surrounding the udder is advised as a great number of flies will increase the likelihood of infection. […] Affected animals should be isolated for better monitoring. […] Stripping of the udder should be undertaken as often as practical but could present a challenge due to the painful and edematous teat/gland. […] Consult your veterinarian that will consider various drugs, including parenteral antibiotic injections and/or intramammary antibiotics as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce fever, swelling, and pain.

• #39 Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

  https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/11/608

  Thus, financial losses associated with mastitis are linked to the expenditure of drugs, veterinarian services, laboratory expenses, and additional labor for farmers. […] The primary goal in udder health management is to govern essential control points, such as cleanliness, body condition, teat end condition, milk parameters, and medical interventions, in such a manner that the outcomes (udder health parameters) are always at their best. […] The effectiveness of the milking routine and the performance of the milk collection equipment has a crucial impact on milk quality and udder health in dairy cattle. […] The assessment of management practices on a routine basis, as well as the collection and analysis of data in real-time, are all components of udder health monitoring. […] The most widely used method for detecting mastitis, particularly in its subclinical forms, is monitoring the SCC content in milk.

• #40 Mastitis in dairy cows: pathogens and prevention strategies | Dellait

  https://dellait.com/mastitis-in-dairy-cows-pathogens-management-and-strategies/

  Prevention strategies: Clean, dry bedding (preferably inorganic like sand), Regular stall cleaning, Adequate ventilation and space per cow, Proper pre-milking teat cleaning and drying. […] Prevention strategies: Rigorous milking hygiene, Post-milking teat dipping with germicides, Regular maintenance of milking equipment, Routine screening and culling infected cows. […] Effective mastitis management is crucial for dairy producers aiming to enhance profitability and animal welfare, especially during challenging economic times. […] By clearly distinguishing between environmental and contagious mastitis and implementing targeted management strategies such as rigorous hygiene practices, careful environmental control, regular herd screening, and timely veterinary intervention producers can significantly reduce SCC, enhance milk production, and lower operational costs. […] Investing proactively in mastitis prevention and management not only improves immediate financial outcomes but also ensures long-term sustainability, animal health, and competitive advantage within the dairy industry.

• #41 Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094918/

  Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment may reduce risk of mastitis (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.21; 1 trial; 300 women; low certainty evidence). […] There is some evidence that acupoint massage is probably better than routine care, probiotics may be better than placebo, and breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment may be better than routine care for preventing mastitis. However, it is important to note that we are aware of at least one large trial investigating probiotics whose results have not been made public, therefore, the evidence presented here is incomplete. […] The available evidence regarding other interventions, including breastfeeding education, pharmacological treatments and alternative therapies, suggests these may be little better than routine care for preventing mastitis but our conclusions are uncertain due to the low certainty of the evidence.

• #42

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-021-02680-9

  Mastitis is the most important disease in the dairy industry. […] Researchers have investigated novel therapeutic approaches to replace the use of antibiotics in mastitis control. […] The present review discusses recent concepts to control mastitis such as breeding of mastitis-resistant dairy cows, the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, the application of communication technology as an educational and epidemiological tool, application of modern mastitis vaccines, cow drying protocols, teat disinfection, housing, and nutrition. […] These include the application of nanotechnology, stem cell technology, photodynamic and laser therapy or the use of traditional herbal medical plants, nutraceuticals, antibacterial peptides, bacteriocins, antibodies therapy, bacteriophages, phage lysins, and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics.

• #43

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-021-02680-9

  Non-antimicrobial approaches at drying-off for treating and preventing intramammary infections in dairy cows. […] Advances in nanomedical applications: diagnostic, therapeutic, immunization, and vaccine production. […] Immunization of young heifers with staphylococcal immune evasion proteins before natural exposure to Staphylococcus aureus induces a humoral immune response in serum and milk. […] Efficacy of a ruminal bacteriocin against pure and mixed cultures of bovine mastitis pathogens. […] A live bio-therapeutic for mastitis, containing Lactococcus lactis DPC3147 with comparable efficacy to antibiotic treatment. […] Evaluation of a new vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy herds. […] Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: A comprehensive review.

• #44 Prevention of Mastitis During Lactation – IABLE

  https://lacted.org/questions/prevention-of-mastitis-during-lactation/

  Breast massage and probiotics appear to be more effective than routine care in the prevention of lactational mastitis. […] The authors identified 10 randomized controlled trials involving 3034 breastfeeding women. […] Their conclusions were that acupoint massage, breast massage, and probiotics were considered better than routine care for preventing mastitis. […] The available evidence regarding other interventions, including breastfeeding education, pharmacological treatments and alternative therapies, suggests these may be little better than routine care for preventing mastitis but our conclusions are uncertain due to the low certainty of the evidence. […] Breast massage stands out as an evidence-based effective intervention that is low cost. All mothers should be taught breast massage at some point, either prenatally or in the first few days postpartum, for prevention and management of both engorgement and mastitis.

• #45

  https://lactationlab.com/blogs/the-drop/guest-opinion-your-guide-to-mastitis-nutrition-using-food-for-prevention-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqp4XXBiezyYJL02K8ZVYXSVGW9IkrEbu4aJY1hAggmdCkuL526

  Mastitis is a condition of milk stasis in the breast tissue. […] The 4 main nutritional keys to help prevent mastitis or support treatment are anti-inflammatory foods, probiotic-rich foods, prebiotic-rich foods, and natural antibiotics. […] Consuming foods that are anti-inflammatory can help bring that hot feeling at the breast down. […] While mastitis can be an issue of inflammation, it can also be an issue of bacterial infection. […] An important note for any of these foods is that they should all be refrigerated and not found in the aisles. […] By making sure that our gut microbes are nourished, they can decrease inflammation and support the gut barrier. […] Seaweed is super effective in helping mastitis and can easily be found in most Asian grocery stores. […] Both garlic and Manuka honey are potent in fighting illness. […] If you dont eliminate the stressors, you wont get the results you need with mastitis or any other ailment. […] They need to be used consistently and correctly to reap the benefits they are capable of providing.

• #46 Mastitis – Prevention and Treatment – The Breeders Cupboard American ExpressApple PayDiners ClubDiscoverGoogle PayMastercardPayPalShop PayVisa

  https://thebreederscupboard.ca/blogs/news/mastitis-prevention-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOorNcJW-YowGDl0zneAW87p479Aoe0wHqdpTQfGsSByOZP2yg8m-

  Keep her breasts clean. You can wash with soap and warm water or use our Breeder’s Edge Nursemaid wipes. Anti-bacterial washes and wipes remove good bacteria and can increase the risk of mastitis. Our nursemaid wipes are a convenient hygienic and non-toxic option that is safe around new-borns and mother dogs. These wipes are a great way to keep your dam’s skin clean to prevent mastitis. […] Use lanolin to treat cracked or damaged breasts. We recommend Vermont’s Bag Balm which is a lanolin based salve and safe to use on your mother dog’s skin. […] Add non-GMO Sunflower lecithin granules or powder (not liquid) to her food. Lecithin is thought to help prevent mastitis by emulsifying the fat in milk helping it flow easily. Feed 20 – 100mg/pound (dog’s weight) of lecithin twice daily. Sunflower lecithin granules can be found at natural food and supplement shops as well as through many online sources.

• #47 Mastitis Prevention: Soothing Tips To Help | SMA Baby

  https://www.smababy.co.uk/newborn/feeding/breastfeeding/mastitis

  Mastitis is a painful inflammation of the breast caused by blocked milk ducts. […] Don’t wait. Visit a healthcare professional as soon as you suspect mastitis. […] Continue to breastfeed on demand to help unblock milk ducts. […] Although it’s quite easily treated, it can be a real pain in the boob, so it’s best avoiding mastitis in the first place, if you can. Here’s a few things worth trying: Breastfeed exclusively. This allows your body to produce milk more regularly and intuitively. […] Feed on demand. Breastfeeding frequently means there’s the right amount of milk when it’s needed instead of too much milk building up when feeds are missed or irregular. […] If you need to miss a few feeds for whatever reason, try and express or hand pump while you are away from baby. […] Check baby’s latch. If they’re not drawing out milk sometimes your breasts may feel it later. […] When you’re thinking of stopping breastfeeding altogether, try and cut out feeds gradually so your body has time to adjust and slow down milk production. […] Leave tight clothes and bras in the wardrobe for now. Looser, comfier clothes and nursing bras that fit nicely will help you no end.

• #48 Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Prevention, the Importance of Proper Treatment, and Potential Complications – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32707832/

  Mastitis is an inflammation in the breast, which may involve a bacterial infection. Breast infection during breastfeeding is a common phenomenon that requires immediate and appropriate treatment. Without proper treatment, inflammation may lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. […] The choice of a proper treatment and the provision of therapeutic instructions to the patient are crucial for a cure, for a successful duration of breastfeeding, and for preventing complications for mother and baby. […] Overall, improperly treated mastitis may cause the premature cessation of breastfeeding, and will cause suffering to both mother and baby; giving proper treatment and instructions to the mother are hence of the utmost importance.

• #49 Mastitis while breastfeeding

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/mastitis/

  To reduce the risk of mastitis, make sure your baby is well positioned and attached. […] It is important to continue breastfeeding. Try starting on the affected breast if possible. […] You may need an antibiotic if you have infective mastitis. Take the full course as prescribed, even if you feel better after a few doses. […] If a breast lump does not get smaller within a week, ask your GP to examine it. […] If you have concerns about your milk supply, contact your public health nurse or lactation consultant for advice.

• #50 Management of Mastitis in Breastfeeding Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p727.html

  Sore nipples may be an early indicator of a condition that may predispose patients to mastitis. […] Blocked milk ducts can also lead to mastitis. […] Yeast infection can increase the risk of mastitis by causing nipple fissures or milk stasis. […] Infant mouth abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip or palate) may lead to nipple trauma and increase the risk of mastitis. […] The diagnosis of mastitis is generally made clinically. […] Treatment of mastitis begins with improving breastfeeding technique. […] Because the mother and infant are usually colonized with the same organisms at the time mastitis develops, breastfeeding can continue during an episode of mastitis without worry of the bacterial infection being transmitted to the infant. […] In addition to draining breast milk as thoroughly as possible, antibiotics are often necessary to treat mastitis.

• #50 Management of Mastitis in Breastfeeding Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p727.html

  Mastitis occurs in approximately 10 percent of U.S. mothers who are breastfeeding, and it can lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. The risk of mastitis can be reduced by frequent, complete emptying of the breast and by optimizing breastfeeding technique. […] Mastitis is especially problematic because it may lead to the discontinuation of breast-feeding, which provides optimal infant nutrition. […] Few trials have been published on methods to prevent mastitis. Most interventions are based on clinical experience and anecdotal reports. Because mastitis is thought to result partly from inadequate milk removal from the breast, optimizing breastfeeding technique is likely to be beneficial. However, one trial showed that a single 30-minute counseling session on breastfeeding technique does not have a statistically significant effect on the incidence of mastitis. Therefore, ongoing support may be necessary to achieve better results. Lactation consultants can be invaluable in this effort. In addition, bedside hand disinfection by breastfeeding mothers in the postpartum unit has been shown to reduce the incidence of mastitis.

• #51 Mastitis and Sore Breasts – Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://llli.org/breastfeeding-info/mastitis/

  Another common cause of mastitis is reducing or attempting to stop breastfeeding (weaning) suddenly or too quickly. You might develop mastitis when you return to work outside the home, for example. […] At times, mastitis is the result of difficulties with positioning and/or latch that impact how efficiently your baby takes milk from your breast. A La Leche League Leader can help you explore changes you can make to help prevent these conditions from recurring.

• #52 Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Prevention, the Importance of Proper Treatment, and Potential Complications

  https://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=jcm9082328

  Mastitis is an inflammation in the breast, which may involve a bacterial infection. Breast infection during breastfeeding is a common phenomenon that requires immediate and appropriate treatment. Without proper treatment, inflammation may lead to the cessation of breastfeeding. […] The choice of a proper treatment and the provision of therapeutic instructions to the patient are crucial for a cure, for a successful duration of breastfeeding, and for preventing complications for mother and baby. […] Optimizing breastfeeding technique is likely to be beneficial to prevent mastitis. The mother should be aware of factors which may cause milk stasis and prevent them. […] Overall, improperly treated mastitis may cause the premature cessation of breastfeeding, and will cause suffering to both mother and baby; giving proper treatment and instructions to the mother are hence of the utmost importance.

• #53 Management of Mastitis in Breastfeeding Women | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p727.html

  One of the most common complications of mastitis is the cessation of breastfeeding. […] Another potential complication is the development of an abscess, which presents similarly to mastitis except that there is a firm area in the breast, often with fluctuance. An abscess can be confirmed by ultrasonography and should be treated with surgical drainage or needle aspiration, which may need to be repeated.

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