Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Syphilis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756

  Syphilis is an infection caused by bacteria. The disease starts as a sore that’s often painless and typically appears on the genitals, rectum or mouth. After the infection happens, syphilis bacteria can stay in the body for many years without causing symptoms. But the infection can become active again. Without treatment, syphilis can damage the heart, brain or other organs. It can become life-threatening. […] Primary syphilis causes painless sores (chancres) on the genitals, rectum, tongue or lips. The first symptom of syphilis is a small sore called a chancre. The chancre often forms about three weeks after you come in contact with syphilis bacteria. The chancre heals on its own within 3 to 6 weeks. […] You may get a rash while the first chancre heals or a few weeks after it heals. Symptoms of secondary syphilis may go away on their own. But without treatment, they could come and go for months or years. If you aren’t treated for syphilis, the disease moves from the secondary stage to the latent stage. This also is called the hidden stage because you have no symptoms. The latent stage can last for years.

• #2 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent or tertiary. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usually between 1 cm and 2 cm in diameter), though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. Latent syphilis has no symptoms and can last years. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as „the great imitator”, because it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases.

• #3 Syphilis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534780/

  Syphilis is a systemic, bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The infection progresses through 4 stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and can affect virtually every organ system in the body, even many years or even decades after the original infection. […] The untreated infection progresses through 4 stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and can affect multiple organ systems, often many years or even decades after the original infection. […] The clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis result from hematogenous dissemination of the infection and are protean: condyloma lata (papulosquamous eruption), lesions on the hands and feet, macular rash, diffuse lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, pharyngitis, hepatosplenomegaly, alopecia, and malaise.

• #4 Syphilis: Cause, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4622-syphilis

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes sores and a skin rash. It can be life-threatening without treatment. Syphilis can progress through four different stages. The infection causes different symptoms in each stage. People are very contagious in the first and second stages and can easily pass the infection to their sex partners. The stages of syphilis are: primary, secondary, latent and late (tertiary) syphilis. […] Primary syphilis: The first stage happens two to 12 weeks after exposure to someone with syphilis. During this stage, a smooth, hard sore called a chancre develops on your genitals or mouth. A chancre is small and usually painless, so you may not even know its there. The sore goes away on its own in a few weeks or months. However, this doesnt mean you dont have syphilis anymore. If you dont receive treatment with medication, the infection moves to the second stage. You can pass syphilis through vaginal, anal or oral sex during this stage.

• #5

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/health/medications/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tm6404&lang=en-ca

  Syphilis develops in four stages. Each stage has a different set of symptoms. […] During the primary stage of syphilis, one or more sores (chancres) form at the site where the bacteria entered the body. This often occurs within 3 weeks of exposure but can range from 10 to 90 days. A person is contagious during the primary stage and can easily pass the infection to others. […] During secondary syphilis, a person is contagious. A rash may appear 2 to 12 weeks after the chancre develops and sometimes before it heals. The rash often forms over the body, often on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. […] The skin rash usually heals within 2 months on its own without scarring. After the rash heals, the skin may be discoloured. But even though the skin rash has healed, the person still has syphilis and can still pass it to others.

• #6 About Syphilis | Syphilis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/index.html

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause serious health problems without treatment. Infection develops in stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). Each stage can have different signs and symptoms. […] Each stage of syphilis has different signs and symptoms. […] During the first (primary) stage of syphilis, you may notice a single sore or multiple sores. The sore is the location where syphilis entered your body. These sores usually occur in, on, or around the Penis, Vagina, Anus, Rectum, Lips or in the mouth. […] Sores are usually (but not always) firm, round, and painless. Because the sore is painless, you may not notice it. The sore usually lasts 3 to 6 weeks and heals regardless of whether you receive treatment. Even after the sore goes away, you must still receive treatment. This will stop your infection from moving to the secondary stage.

• #7 Syphilis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1779891/

  Syphilis remains common worldwide, and since the late 1990s infectious early syphilis has re-emerged as an important disease in western Europe, including the United Kingdom. The clinical presentation of both early and late syphilis is diverse, and patients may present to a wide range of services and clinicians, including general practitioners. […] The lesion of primary syphilis occurs at the site of initial inoculation of T pallidum. It is usually single and painless but can be multiple and painful. It tends to begin as a macule that becomes a papule, which then ulcerates. A two to three week incubation period usually occurs between the inoculation of T pallidum and development of the lesion (the range of incubation period is reported as being 9-90 days). Local, non-tender lymphadenopathy is often associated with this lesion.

• #8 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Syphilis can present in one of four different stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary, and may also occur congenitally. There may be no symptoms. It was referred to as „the great imitator” by Sir William Osler due to its varied presentations. […] Primary syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Approximately 26 weeks after contact (with a range of 10-90 days) a skin lesion, called a chancre, appears at the site and this contains infectious bacteria. This is classically (40% of the time) a single, firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration with a clean base and sharp borders approximately 0.3-3.0 cm in size. The lesion may take on almost any form. In the classic form, it evolves from a macule to a papule and finally to an erosion or ulcer. Occasionally, multiple lesions may be present (~40%), with multiple lesions being more common when coinfected with HIV. Lesions may be painful or tender (30%), and they may occur in places other than the genitals (27%). The most common location in women is the cervix (44%), the penis in heterosexual men (99%), and anally and rectally in men who have sex with men (34%). Lymph node enlargement frequently (80%) occurs around the area of infection, occurring seven to 10 days after chancre formation. The lesion may persist for three to six weeks if left untreated.

• #9 Syphilis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/syphilis

  The first symptom of syphilis is a small sore called a chancre (SHANG-kur). The sore is usually firm, round, and painless. It is located where the syphilis bacteria enters your body, such as your penis, vagina, anus, rectum, lips, or mouth. Because it doesnt hurt, some people never notice the chancre. It may be mistaken for a pimple or hidden from view inside the vagina or rectum. […] After a while, you may have these symptoms: Rash, Sores, Fever, Swollen lymph nodes, Sore throat, Headaches, Patchy hair loss, Weight loss, Muscle aches, Fatigue (tiredness). […] The rash can appear on one or more parts of your body, including the palms of your hands and soles (bottoms) of your feet. Usually, it shows up first on the trunk of your body (your chest, stomach, pelvis, or back). Your rash may show up while you still have a sore or weeks later. The rash usually doesnt itch. It may be red or reddish-brown in color and feel rough to the touch. Sometimes it is so light you may not notice it.

• #10 Syphilis Picture Image on MedicineNet.com

  https://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/syphilis_picture/picture.htm

  Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, a microscopic organism called a spirochete. This worm-like, spiral-shaped organism infects people by burrowing into the moist mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals. From there, the spirochete produces a non-painful ulcer known as a chancre. There are three stages of syphilis: […] The first (primary) stage: This involves the formation of the chancre. At this stage, syphilis is highly contagious. The primary stage can last one to five weeks. The disease can be transmitted from any contact with one of the ulcers, which are teeming with spirochetes. […] The second (secondary) stage: However, 25 percent of cases will proceed to the secondary stage of syphilis, which lasts four to six weeks. This phase can include hair loss; a sore throat; white patches in the nose, mouth, and vagina; fever; headaches; and a skin rash. […] The third (tertiary) stage: This final stage of the disease involves the brain and heart, and is usually no longer contagious. At this point, however, the infection can cause extensive damage to the internal organs and the brain, and can lead to death.

• #11 Syphilis: Cause, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4622-syphilis

  Secondary syphilis: About one to six months after the syphilis sore goes away, a rough, bumpy syphilis rash appears. The rash can cover your entire body, including your palms and soles (bottoms) of your feet. The rash doesnt usually itch. You may also have symptoms such as fever, fatigue, wart-like sores, muscle aches, weight loss, headaches, hair loss, and swollen lymph nodes. You can pass syphilis infection during this stage during vaginal, anal or oral sex. These symptoms can come and go for months or years. Just because the syphilis rash is gone or you arent having any of the above symptoms doesnt mean you no longer have the infection. You still need treatment with medication. Without treatment, the infection will move to the latent stage. […] Latent syphilis: If you dont receive treatment during the first two stages, the infection moves into the latent stage. In this stage, there are no outward signs or symptoms of syphilis. Some people experience mild flare-ups from time to time. At this stage, the infection can damage your heart, bones, nerves and organs. This stage can last up to 20 years. Its rare to pass syphilis to your sex partners during the latent stage. Without treatment, the infection progresses to the late stage.

• #12 Syphilis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534780/

  Syphilis is a systemic, bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The infection progresses through 4 stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and can affect virtually every organ system in the body, even many years or even decades after the original infection. […] The untreated infection progresses through 4 stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and can affect multiple organ systems, often many years or even decades after the original infection. […] The clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis result from hematogenous dissemination of the infection and are protean: condyloma lata (papulosquamous eruption), lesions on the hands and feet, macular rash, diffuse lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, pharyngitis, hepatosplenomegaly, alopecia, and malaise.

• #13 About Syphilis | Syphilis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/index.html

  During the secondary stage, you may have skin rashes and/or sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus. This stage usually starts with a rash on one or more areas of your body. The rash can show up when your primary sore is healing or several weeks after the sore has healed. […] The symptoms from this stage will go away whether you receive treatment. Without the right treatment, your infection will move to the latent and possibly tertiary stages of syphilis. […] The latent stage of syphilis is a period when there are no visible signs or symptoms. Without treatment, you can continue to have syphilis in your body for years. […] Most people with untreated syphilis do not develop tertiary syphilis. However, when it does happen, it can affect many different organ systems. These include the heart and blood vessels, and the brain and nervous system. Tertiary syphilis is very serious and would occur 10-30 years after your infection began. In tertiary syphilis, the disease damages your internal organs and can result in death.

• #14 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Secondary syphilis occurs approximately four to ten weeks after the primary infection. While secondary disease is known for the many different ways it can manifest, symptoms most commonly involve the skin, mucous membranes, and lymph nodes. There may be a symmetrical, reddish-pink, non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, including the palms and soles. The rash may become maculopapular or pustular. It may form flat, broad, whitish, wart-like lesions on mucous membranes, known as condyloma latum. All of these lesions harbor bacteria and are infectious. Other symptoms may include fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, hair loss, and headache. Rare manifestations include liver inflammation, kidney disease, joint inflammation, periostitis, inflammation of the optic nerve, uveitis, and interstitial keratitis. The acute symptoms usually resolve after three to six weeks; about 25% of people may present with a recurrence of secondary symptoms. Many people who present with secondary syphilis (40-85% of women, 20-65% of men) do not report previously having had the classical chancre of primary syphilis.

• #15 Secondary Syphilis: Symptoms, Stages & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/secondary-syphilis/

  Secondary syphilis follows two to ten weeks after primary syphilis. It has many symptoms, including a distinctive rash. The rash is the most distinctive symptom of secondary syphilis. In secondary syphilis, the affected person experiences a generalized infection. This secondary phase, if left untreated, lasts for up to six months, with symptoms recurring during that period. Without treatment, the symptoms will, in most cases, resolve spontaneously, but the infected person will then progress into the latent or tertiary phase of the disease. Common symptoms include: A painless, non-itchy rash, which is generally bilaterally symmetrical (the same on both sides), swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin, headaches, malaise, aches, and pains, a mild fever, loss of appetite, nausea, sore throat, neck stiffness. Less common symptoms of secondary syphilis include: weight loss, patchy alopecia (hair loss), kidney problems (such as glomerulonephritis), meningitis, hepatitis, splenomegaly (an enlarged spleen), cranial nerve palsies (weakness or paralysis of nerves in the head and face), periostitis (inflammation of membranes around bones), anterior uveitis (inflammation inside the middle layer of the eye).

• #16 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Latent syphilis is defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease. It develops after secondary syphilis and is divided into early latent and late latent stages. Early latent syphilis is defined by the World Health Organization as less than 2 years after original infection. Early latent syphilis is infectious as up to 25% of people can develop a recurrent secondary infection (during which bacteria are actively replicating and are infectious). Two years after the original infection the person will enter late latent syphilis and is not as infectious as the early phase. The latent phase of syphilis can last many years after which, without treatment, approximately 15-40% of people can develop tertiary syphilis. […] Tertiary syphilis may occur approximately 3 to 15 years after the initial infection and may be divided into three different forms: gummatous syphilis (15%), late neurosyphilis (6.5%), and cardiovascular syphilis (10%). Without treatment, a third of infected people develop tertiary disease. People with tertiary syphilis are not infectious. Gummatous syphilis or late benign syphilis usually occurs 1 to 46 years after the initial infection, with an average of 15 years. This stage is characterized by the formation of chronic gummas, which are soft, tumor-like balls of inflammation which may vary considerably in size. They typically affect the skin, bone, and liver, but can occur anywhere.

• #17 Stages of syphilis timeline

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-syphilis-timeline

  The first symptom is usually a rash on one or more areas of the body. It may develop as sores clear or several weeks after they heal. […] Without treatment, primary or secondary syphilis can develop into the latent stage. People may develop this stage in 1 year or less, known as early latent syphilis, or 1 year or more, known as late latent syphilis. […] This stage of syphilis often has no symptoms. However, healthcare professionals can use tests to detect it. […] Without treatment, people may have latent syphilis for several years or the rest of their lives. It can then develop into the next stage of syphilis, known as the tertiary, or late, stage. […] Most people with untreated syphilis do not develop tertiary syphilis. If they do, they may develop it months or up to 1030 years after contracting the infection. Tertiary syphilis can cause several complications and conditions that may damage a persons heart and blood vessels cardiovascular syphilis, brain, spine, and nervous system neurosyphilis, and other organs.

• #18 Syphilis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351756

  After the latent stage, up to 30% to 40% of people with syphilis who don’t get treatment have complications known as tertiary syphilis. The disease may damage the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. These problems may happen many years after the original, untreated infection. […] At any stage, untreated syphilis can affect the brain, spinal cord, eyes and other body parts. This can cause serious or life-threatening health problems. Pregnant people who have syphilis can pass the disease to their babies. Unborn babies can become infected through the organ that provides nutrients and oxygen in the womb, called the placenta. […] Later symptoms may include deafness, teeth problems and saddle nose, a condition in which the bridge of the nose collapses. Babies with syphilis also can be born too early. They may die in the womb before birth. Or they could die after birth. […] Syphilis is preventable and treatable.

• #19 SYPHILIS

  https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/syphilis

  The secondary stage is characterised with the appearance of a rash on one or more areas of the body including the palms and the soles. The rash appears rough and is reddish brown in colour. Sometimes, the person who has syphilis may not notice that he is in the secondary stage of the disease as the rashes are so faint. The rashes may also resemble other rashes caused by other diseases. Other symptoms of secondary syphilis may include fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue. The signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis will resolve with or without treatment. People who are left untreated at this stage will go into the latent stage of infection, which may put them at risk of serious complications. […] The latent stage of syphilis is the hidden stage as the infected person does not exhibit any signs and symptoms. However, the infection remains in the body and can last for years. In the late stages of syphilis, the disease may have damaged vital organs of the body such as the heart, blood vessels, brain, nerves, eyes, liver, bones, and joints. Complications of syphilis may occur, leading to serious consequences, even death.

• #20 Syphilis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534780/

  Both primary and secondary lesions resolve without treatment, and the patient enters either an early or latent phase in which no clinical manifestations are present. The infection can only be detected at this stage with serological testing. Some patients in this stage will progress to the tertiary stage, characterized by cardiovascular syphilis, late neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis, syphilitic paresis), and late benign syphilis. […] Tertiary syphilis is a late symptomatic disease that can manifest months, years, or even decades after the initial infection as cardiovascular syphilis (aortic aneurysm, aortic valvulopathy), neurosyphilis (meningitis, hemiplegia, stroke, aphasia, seizures, spinal neuroarthropathy, tabes dorsalis, syphilitic paresis), or gummatous syphilis (infiltration of any organ and its subsequent destruction). Between 25% and 40% of all patients with untreated syphilis may eventually develop tertiary disease, although this may take 20 or 30 years to become clinically apparent. Prior clinical history, evidence, or symptoms of primary or secondary syphilis may or may not be present.

• #21 What Are the Side Effects of Syphilis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/side-effects-of-syphilis-5271581

  At any stage, a syphilis infection can invade various systems throughout the body. This can lead to side effects and complications. […] Neurosyphilis most commonly occurs in people who have had untreated syphilis for years. […] It is a bacterial infection of the spinal cord and brain. […] Neurosyphilis can cause a variety of symptoms: Dementia, Meningitis, Seizures, Hallucinations, Tabes dorsalis. […] Ocular syphilis occurs when the syphilis infection invades the eye, affecting vision. […] Symptoms of ocular syphilis may include: Sensitivity to light, Pain in the eye, Redness in the eye, Seeing spots, Blurry vision, Blindness, Changes to vision. […] Cardiovascular syphilis occurs when a syphilis infection invades the cardiovascular system (the heart and blood vessels). […] Cardiovascular syphilis can cause a variety of symptoms, including: Inflammation of the aorta, Aortic valve insufficiency, Narrowing of the coronary arteries, Aortic aneurysm, Obstruction of the coronary arteries.

• #22 Syphilis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/syphilis

  If you dont get treatment for syphilis, the disease will move from the secondary stage to the latent or hidden stage. During this stage, you will have no symptoms. The latent stage can last for years and fool you into believing you no longer have syphilis bacteria in your body. For some people, symptoms never return; but for others, if untreated, the disease will move to the final stage. The health risks at that stage are very serious, which is why its so important to treat syphilis, even if symptoms go away on their own. […] In this advanced stage, syphilis can cause problems with your heart, brain, blood vessels, liver, bones, joints, and nerves. Up to 30%-40% of people who dont get treatment for syphilis reach the tertiary stage. You could become paralyzed (unable to move), blind, or deaf, or get dementia or impotence. It can even be deadly.

• #23 Syphilis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/syphilis.htm

  Syphilis is a systemic disease caused by T. pallidum. The disease has been divided into stages on the basis of clinical findings, which guide treatment and follow-up. Persons who have syphilis might seek treatment for signs or symptoms. Primary syphilis classically presents as a single painless ulcer or chancre at the site of infection but can also present with multiple, atypical, or painful lesions. Secondary syphilis manifestations can include skin rash, mucocutaneous lesions, and lymphadenopathy. Tertiary syphilis can present with cardiac involvement, gummatous lesions, tabes dorsalis, and general paresis. […] T. pallidum can infect the CNS, which can occur at any stage of syphilis and result in neurosyphilis. Early neurologic clinical manifestations or syphilitic meningitis (e.g., cranial nerve dysfunction, meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, stroke, and acute altered mental status) are usually present within the first few months or years of infection. Late neurologic manifestations (e.g., tabes dorsalis and general paresis) occur 10 to 30 years after infection.

• #24 Neurosyphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosyphilis

  Neurosyphilis is the infection of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes the sexually transmitted infection syphilis. In the era of modern antibiotics, the majority of neurosyphilis cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients. […] There is a wide variety of symptoms that neurosyphilis can present with depending on the affected structure of the central nervous system. While early neurosyphilis is often asymptomatic, meningitis is the most common neurological presentation of the early stage. Late neurosyphilis typically involves the brain and spinal cord parenchyma, manifesting as tabes dorsalis and general paresis. Tertiary syphilis can involve several different organ systems, though neurosyphilis may occur at any stage of infection. […] Early neurosyphilis often has no clinical symptoms. Meningitis is the most-common neurological presentation in early syphilis, typically arising within one year of initial infection. Symptoms of syphilitic meningitis are similar to other forms of meningitis, including headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, confusion, nausea, and vomiting.

• #25 Neurosyphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosyphilis

  Parenchymal syphilis occurs in the late stage of neurosyphilis, with average presentation occurring 15 to 25 years after initial infection. This stage of the disease is generally in the form of tabes dorsalis or general paresis. Tabes dorsalis, also called locomotor ataxia, describes a constellation of symptoms resulting from a degenerative process of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. Symptoms include pain, ataxic wide-based gait, paresthesias, bowel or bladder incontinence, loss of position and vibratory sense, acute episodic gastrointestinal pain, Charcot joints, and reduced reflexes. […] Another late form of neurosyphilis is general paresis, which is a slow degenerative process of the brain. Neuropsychiatric symptoms might appear due to overall damage to the brain. These symptoms can make the diagnosis more difficult and can include symptoms of dementia, mania, psychosis, depression, and delirium. These symptoms are may progress to the point of where a patient becomes bedridden.

• #26 Neurosyphilis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000703.htm

  Neurosyphilis is a bacterial infection of the brain or spinal cord. It usually occurs in people who have had untreated syphilis for many years. […] Neurosyphilis usually occurs about 10 to 20 years after a person is first infected with syphilis. Not everyone who has syphilis develops this complication. […] Symptoms usually affect the nervous system. Depending on the form of neurosyphilis, symptoms may include any of the following: Abnormal walk (gait), or unable to walk, Numbness in the toes, feet, or legs, Problems with thinking, such as confusion or poor concentration, Mental problems, such as depression or irritability, Headache, seizures, or stiff neck, Loss of bladder control (incontinence), Tremors, or weakness, Visual problems, even blindness. […] Neurosyphilis is a life-threatening complication of syphilis. How well you do depends on how severe the neurosyphilis is before treatment. The goal of treatment is to prevent further deterioration. Many of these changes will be permanent. […] The symptoms can slowly worsen. […] Contact your provider if you have had syphilis in the past and now have signs of nervous system problems. […] Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the original syphilis infection can prevent neurosyphilis.

• #27 Syphilis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/syphilis.htm

  Infection of the visual system (ocular syphilis) or auditory system (otosyphilis) can occur at any stage of syphilis but is commonly identified during the early stages and can present with or without additional CNS involvement. Ocular syphilis often presents as panuveitis but can involve structures in both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye, including conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, posterior interstitial keratitis, optic neuropathy, and retinal vasculitis. Ocular syphilis can result in permanent vision loss. Otosyphilis typically presents with cochleo-vestibular symptoms, including tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing loss can be unilateral or bilateral, have a sudden onset, and progress rapidly. Otosyphilis can result in permanent hearing loss.

• #28 Ocular Syphilis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25108-ocular-syphilis

  Ocular syphilis is an eye condition that can happen if you have syphilis that isnt treated. […] Untreated syphilis can move into other organs and body systems, including your nervous system and your brain (neurosyphilis). […] Without treatment, ocular syphilis can lead to vision loss and even blindness. […] You can show symptoms of ocular syphilis at any stage of syphilis, though it may be more common in later stages. If you arent treated, your disease progresses through stages. […] General signs and symptoms of syphilis may include: Red eyes. Eye floaters. Eye pain. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Abnormal eye movements. Argyll Robertson pupil, a term that refers to small pupils that get smaller (constrict) when focusing on a near object, but not when theyre exposed to bright light. Blurred vision or vision loss. Lesions (bumps or spots) on or in your eyes. Chancre (painless sore) on eyelid (rare).

• #29 Ocular Syphilis: Symptoms, Treatments, Blindness and More

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/infections-allergies/ocular-syphilis/

  Ocular syphilis occurs as a complication of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease. This condition can happen at any stage of untreated syphilis. It involves serious, long-term eye and vision complications when it remains untreated. Ocular syphilis can mimic many other medical eye conditions. […] Depending on the stage of the untreated syphilis infection, ocular syphilis symptoms can show up in a variety of ways. Ocular syphilis symptoms can appear at any stage of syphilis. […] Syphilitic uveitis is the most common sign of syphilis in the eye. If left untreated, it can be a blinding condition. It may occur in all stages of syphilis except primary. […] In the earliest stage of untreated syphilis, ocular syphilis sores known as chancres can appear on the eyelid. These sores can also show up on the conjunctiva of the eye the clear, thin membrane that lines the sclera and the inner surface of your eyelid.

• #30 About Syphilis | Syphilis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/index.html

  Without treatment, syphilis can spread to the brain and nervous system (neurosyphilis), the eye (ocular syphilis), or the ear (otosyphilis). This can happen during any of the stages described above. […] Signs and symptoms of neurosyphilis can include Severe headache, Muscle weakness and/or trouble with muscle movements, Changes to your mental state (trouble focusing, confusion, personality change) and/or dementia (problems with memory, thinking, and/or decision making). […] Signs and symptoms of ocular syphilis can include Eye pain and/or redness, Changes in your vision or even blindness. […] Signs and symptoms of otosyphilis may include Hearing loss, Ringing, buzzing, roaring, or hissing in the ears („tinnitus”), Dizziness or vertigo (feeling like you or your surroundings are moving or spinning).

• #31 Why is Syphilis Spiking in the U.S.? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/why-is-syphilis-spiking-in-the-us

  Sixty percent of people with latent syphilis will never have symptoms again. The other 40% suffer devastating complications including neurological problems, cardiovascular issues, and inflammatory masses all over the body. Overall, 10% of patients who are not treated for syphilis wind up dying from this infection. […] The disease can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth, and up to 40% of babies born to women with untreated syphilis die from the infection. […] If the infant is born, early manifestations include horrifying skin peeling, enlarged liver and spleen, and impacts on the blood and central nervous system. […] A newborn with syphilis may only present symptoms years later, when the disease can cause incredibly brittle bones that essentially break when the child begins to put on weight.

• #32 Syphilis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1779891/

  The diagnosis of syphilis (and the interpretation of syphilis serology) is often thought to be complex, but diagnosis is usually straightforward. […] Penicillin was established as a highly effective treatment for syphilis long before randomised clinical trials became the norm for determining treatment efficacy. Penicillin in a variety of doses and regimens was shown to cure rapidly the lesions of early syphilis and to prevent the clinical progression of early and latent syphilis to later stages of the disease. […] All individuals with syphilis should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. The patient’s partner(s) should be notified, but the role of partner notification is limited in syphilis outbreaks where many partners are not identifiable or contactable. […] Syphilis is likely to remain a common disease worldwide, and some awareness of its prevention, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment is important for all clinicians.

• #33 Syphilis in pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/syphilis-pregnancy

  Syphilis during pregnancy can cause problems for your baby, like miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and death after birth. […] If you have syphilis and don’t get treated right away, you can pass the infection to your baby. Up to 2 in 5 babies (40 percent) born to women with untreated syphilis die from the infection. […] Having syphilis can cause problems during pregnancy, including: Miscarriage. Miscarriage is when a baby dies in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Preterm birth. This is birth that happens too soon, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal growth restriction (also called growth-restricted, small for gestational age or small for date) and low birthweight. Fetal growth restriction is when a baby doesn’t gain the weight she should before birth. Low birthweight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. Problems with the placenta and the umbilical cord. The placenta grows in your uterus (womb) and supplies your baby with food and oxygen through the umbilical cord. Congenital syphilis may cause the placenta to grow large and the umbilical cord to be swollen, which can cause problems with how they work to support your baby in the womb. Stillbirth. This is when a baby dies in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #34 Syphilis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1779891/

  These are granulomatous locally destructive lesions which usually occur three to 12 years after primary syphilis. They can occur in almost any tissue but most commonly present when they affect skin or bone. […] Pregnant women with syphilis can transmit the infection to the fetus. Transmission is usually transplacental and is particularly likely during the first two years of infection. It is rare after four years, although cases of transmission up to 10 years after acquisition of syphilis have been reported. […] The clinical presentation, serological tests, and treatment response among individuals with HIV infection who also have syphilis are usually the same as among individuals without HIV infection who acquire syphilis. But good evidence shows that some differences in clinical presentation do exist between HIV positive and negative individuals presenting with early syphilis.

• #35 Syphilis in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/syphilis-in-newborns

  Newborns may have no symptoms or may develop serious symptoms and complications. […] At birth, many newborns have no symptoms of syphilis. For newborns who do have symptoms, manifestations of congenital syphilis are classified as early or late. […] Early congenital syphilis begins during the first 3 months of life. Large blisters or a flat copper-colored rash, which can be lighter or darker than surrounding skin, may develop on palms and soles. […] Newborns may not grow well. They may have cracks around their mouth, or mucus, pus, or blood may run from their nose. Usually, their lymph nodes, liver, and spleen are enlarged. […] Rarely, inflammation of the eyes or brain, seizures, meningitis, or intellectual disability occur. […] Within the first 8 months of life, inflammation of bones and cartilage, especially of the long bones and ribs, may make it difficult for infants to move and may make the bones develop improperly. […] Late congenital syphilis begins after 2 years of life. Sores may form in the nose and mouth and bones may grow abnormally. […] Eye problems may cause blindness and scarring of the cornea. […] Problems with development of the teeth and bones in the face also occur. Deafness may occur at any age.

• #36 Pediatric syphilis – Children’s Health Adolescent Medicine Gynecology

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/syphilis

  During this stage, a rash usually starts in the anus, mouth or vagina. The rash can have red or red-brown spots, usually doesn’t itch and can also form on the palms of the hands or bottom of the feet. […] Heart and blood vessel damage. […] Nervous system damage. […] Organ damage. […] Dementia. […] Headaches (severe or migraine). […] Muscle movement or coordination issues. […] Numbness or paralysis. […] Vision changes or blindness. […] Symptoms passed to newborns may show immediate signs, or they may develop after several weeks, including: Anemia. […] Bone infection. […] Cataracts. […] Deafness. […] Fever. […] Fluid retention. […] Jaundice. […] Rash. […] Seizures. […] Skin ulcers. […] Swollen liver. […] Swollen spleen.

• #37 Syphilis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351762

  Syphilis is simple to cure when it’s found and treated in its early stages. The preferred treatment at all stages is penicillin. This antibiotic medicine can kill the bacteria that causes syphilis. […] The recommended treatment for primary, secondary or early-stage latent syphilis is a single shot of penicillin. If you’ve had syphilis for longer than a year, you may need additional doses. […] The first day you receive treatment, you may have what’s known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. Symptoms include a fever, chills, nausea, achy pain and a headache. Most often, this reaction doesn’t last more than one day.

• #38 Syphilis

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/syphilis

  In the late stage, the disease can hurt your organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. This damage can lead to nerve problems, paralysis, blindness, deafness, dementia, and other health problems. Late-stage syphilis can lead to death. […] Late stage syphilis is very rare. You will only reach the late stage of syphilis if you do not receive treatment earlier. […] Syphilis can be cured if it is found early and treated. Syphilis can damage the heart or brain if it is not treated in the early stages. Syphilis can be cured in the later stages, but it may not be possible to fix the damage done to the heart or brain. […] Without treatment, syphilis can lead to severe illness and even death. […] Untreated syphilis in pregnant women results in infant death in up to 40% of cases. […] Untreated syphilis in babies can cause developmental delays, seizures, or death. […] Treatment with penicillin will prevent passing syphilis to the baby. But women who are treated during the second half of pregnancy are at risk of premature labor and problems with their unborn baby.

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