Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Syphilis: Cause, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4622-syphilis

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) thats treatable with medication. To reduce your risk of infection, always use a condom during sex. […] The only way to prevent syphilis (and other STIs) is to abstain from sex. If youre sexually active, you can reduce your risk of infection by always using a condom or dental dam during sex. Its important to use a condom properly to lower your chance of getting the infection. […] Practice safe sex by using a condom or a dental dam. […] If you receive a diagnosis, its important to complete treatment, so you dont spread the infection.

• #1 About Syphilis | Syphilis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/syphilis/about/index.html

  The only way to completely avoid STIs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to lower your chances of getting syphilis: […] Being in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and does not have syphilis. […] Using condoms the right way every time you have sex. […] Condoms prevent the spread of syphilis by preventing contact with a sore. Sometimes sores occur in areas not covered by a condom. Contact with these sores can still transmit syphilis. […] If you are pregnant and have syphilis, you can give the infection to your baby. Having syphilis can lead to a low-birth-weight-baby. It can make it more likely you will deliver your baby too early or stillborn (a baby born dead). To protect your baby, you should receive syphilis testing at least once during your pregnancy. Receive treatment right away if you test positive.

• #1 Syphilis: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/syphilis/prevention-risks.html

  To help prevent getting or passing on syphilis: […] correctly and consistently use condoms and dental dams during sexual activities […] avoid sexual contact with partners who have symptoms of syphilis infection […] talk to your partner(s) about their STI status and safer sex, and encourage them to get tested […] get tested regularly for syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) if you are sexually active.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Syphilis-Prevention.aspx

  Other forms of barriers like use of a dental dam (square of plastic) when having oral sex or when the mouth of an uninfected individual makes contact with partner’s vagina or anus. This also prevents transmission of sexually transmitted infection (STI). […] Transmission needs to be prevented by routine testing and, if positive, treatment of sexual partners of infected individuals. […] All sexual partners of the infected person in the recent past need to be identified, notified and rapidly referred for medical evaluation and treatment. Long-term sex partners of patients with late syphilis should be evaluated clinically and serologically and treated appropriately. […] Syphilis can also spread by sharing injection drug users. Injection drug users should avoid sharing needles. They can opt for needle-exchange programmes that are offered by many pharmacies and local authorities. In these used needles can be exchanged for new disposable clean ones.

• #1 Is Syphilis Curable? Treatment Options and Prevention

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/is-syphilis-curable-8684932

  Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) bacterium, is curable at all stages of infection. […] The treatment of syphilis remains crucial as infection rates continue to soar in the United States, reaching their highest level since the 1950s. […] Prevention is the cornerstone of managing syphilis. Regular screening, safe sexual practices, and prompt treatment of any detected infections are essential strategies to curb the spread of this disease. […] To help reduce the spread of syphilis and protect yourself and others from infection: Use condoms consistently and correctly, including for oral sex. Reduce your number of sex partners. Get tested regularly for syphilis if you are sexually active. The CDC advises that sexually active men who have sex with men and people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should be screened at least once yearly. Ask a new or prospective sex partner to get tested. Get tested for syphilis during your first prenatal visit if you are pregnant. Advise sex partners if you get syphilis so they can get tested and treated, too.

• #1 Syphilis Symptoms Testing Prevention & Treatment | Freetesting HIV

  https://freetesting.hiv/what-is-syphilis-symptoms-prevention-treatment

  Preventing syphilis […] It’s recommendd that men who have sex with men who have condomless sex with new or casual partners should have a syphilis test every 3 months. […] If everyone was tested each time they had a new sexual partner then the spread of syphilis and other STIs would reduce, as early diagnosis and treatment would prevent the infection from being passed on. […] It is important to regularly test for syphilis even if you do not think you have any symptoms, as the early and latent stages of syphilis may have few or no symptoms. […] Having safer sex is the best way to prevent yourself from getting syphilis: using condoms (male or female condoms) for anal and vaginal sex […] Condoms are the only method of contraception which can protect you from syphilis. […] It is important that you do not have anal, vaginal or oral sex or, any close sexual contact until two weeks after you have finished your treatment. This is to make sure that your treatment has worked and to stop the infection being passed on to anyone else.

• #1 Syphilis: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/syphilis

  Updated, span, September 25, 2023 Reviewed, span, January 08, 2025 […] The resurgence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as the emergence of mpox, in men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV underscores the importance of primary prevention of syphilis in this population, which should begin with a behavioral risk assessment and routine discussion of sexual behaviors. Health care providers should discuss patient-centered risk reduction messages and advise specific actions that can reduce the risk of acquiring STIs and of transmitting HIV. Routine serologic screening for syphilis is recommended at least annually for all people with HIV who are sexually active, with more frequent screening (every 3-6 months) for those who have multiple or anonymous partners. The occurrence of syphilis or any other STI in a person with HIV is an indication of risk behaviors that should prompt intensified risk assessment and counseling messages about the manifestations of syphilis, risk of HIV transmission, and prevention strategies with strong consideration for behavioral intervention. People undergoing screening or treatment for syphilis also should be evaluated for other STIs, including mpox, chlamydia, and gonorrhea at anatomic sites of exposure in men and chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas infections in women.

• #1 Context appropriate interventions to prevent syphilis: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6752042/

  Preventing disease due to congenital syphilis requires urgent detection and treatment because complications can occur very soon after infection. […] In high prevalence areas, preventing complications of congenital syphilis requires three screening tests: one early in pregnancy to prevent stillbirths; another at 28-32 weeks to detect infections acquired later during pregnancy while they can still be easily treated; and a third at delivery to detect infections acquired after both earlier tests. […] The US Preventive Services Task Force strongly recommends syphilis screening (grade A) for persons at increased risk for syphilis. […] In areas with high rates of syphilis among MSM, routine annual screening should be encouraged in clinics that provide care for MSM. […] Screening only has an impact if detected infections are cured, and can only prevent transmission if infected persons are cured during an early stage before they would otherwise transmit.

• #1 Screening for Syphilis in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2024/04/screening-for-syphilis-in-pregnancy

  The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) continues to endorse the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment Guidelines, 2021. However, in the context of the rapidly increasing rates of congenital syphilis, obstetriciangynecologists and other obstetric care professionals should screen all pregnant individuals serologically for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit, followed by universal rescreening during the third trimester and at birth, rather than use a risk-based approach to testing. […] According to the CDC, 88% of congenital syphilis cases in 2022 could have been prevented with timely screening and treatment. […] Therefore, it is important to make any health care encounter during pregnancyincluding those in emergency departments, jails, syringe service programs, and maternal and child health programsan opportunity to screen for syphilis.

• #1 Suggested actions to reduce syphilis and congenital syphilis for improved maternal and infant health | The Administration for Children and Families

  https://acf.gov/policy-guidance/suggested-actions-reduce-syphilis-and-congenital-syphilis-improved-maternal-and

  Maternal and infant health is an urgent priority, and a coordinated effort across health and human services is crucial to foster positive maternal health outcomes. […] One under-recognized risk to pregnant women and babies is the increasing rates of syphilis and congenital syphilis, now at their highest levels since 1950. […] Congenital syphilis is preventable with early detection and treatment. […] HHS established the National Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis Syndemic Federal Task Force, led by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH), in September 2023 to work to reduce syphilis and congenital syphilis through a variety of efforts. […] Human services providers can play an important role in addressing the syphilis epidemic by raising awareness and helping to facilitate access to early testing and treatment.

• #1 Countering the Rise of Syphilis: A Role for Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8688295/

  Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) holds the potential to mitigate increasing rates of syphilis among sexual minority men (SMM) in the US yet has received limited attention. […] Findings suggest that doxycycline PEP will have a modest impact on syphilis incidence when assuming a reasonable level of uptake and adherence. Doxycycline PEP may be most appropriate as a secondary prevention measure to condoms and enhanced syphilis screening for reducing infections among SMM. […] Clinical studies indicate that doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may be efficacious, reducing the risk of syphilis infection to about 70% among SMM receiving the treatment compared to the control. […] Although these data provide encouraging evidence that doxycycline PEP has the potential to lower the population burden of syphilis among SMM, suboptimal adherence holds the potential to thwart the efficacy of any prophylactic regimen.

• #1 Practice Alert: CDC Guidelines on Doxycycline for STI Postexposure Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/1000/editorial-doxycycline-sti-postexposure-prophylaxis.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines on the use of doxycycline for postexposure prophylaxis of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. This is an important document given the decades-long trend of increasing incidence of these three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the current lack of a vaccine. The CDC recommends that clinicians discuss prescribing doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to prevent bacterial STIs with men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women, who have had a bacterial STI in the past year. […] Doxycycline, 200 mg, administered within 24 hours and no later than 72 hours after condomless oral, vaginal, or anal sex has been shown to prevent gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. […] Because of the lack of evidence in other populations and a concern about possible antibiotic resistance with long-term, widespread use, the CDC recommends doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis only for MSM, and transgender women, who have received a bacterial STI diagnosis in the previous year. Eligible patients should be counseled about the possible benefits of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis and provided with a prescription for self-administration that lasts until the next planned visit.

• #1 DoxyPEP: Using antibiotics to prevent STIs | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/doxypep-using-antibiotics-prevent-stis

  Taking the antibiotic doxycycline after sex works well to prevent syphilis and chlamydia for gay and bisexual men, and trans women. It tends to be less effective at preventing gonorrhoea. […] STI prophylaxis involves taking an antibiotic pill to prevent bacterial STIs, such as syphilis and chlamydia. […] Doxycycline prevents bacteria from reproducing and effectively treats various bacterial infections, including pneumonia, gum disease, skin infections and some STIs. […] The evidence shows that doxyPEP is effective against syphilis and chlamydia, but tends to be less effective in preventing gonorrhoea. […] A much clearer benefit of doxyPEP applies to the prevention of syphilis as this bacterial STI can have serious consequences in all populations, such as ocular syphilis and neurosyphilis, and signs of an initial infection may easily be missed, allowing the disease to progress to the next stage. […] Three rigorous studies have shown that doxyPEP (taking doxycycline soon after sex) prevents STIs when used by gay and bisexual men, and one of the studies showed it worked for trans women too.

• #1 Countering the Rise of Syphilis: A Role for Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8688295/

  Our model indicated that implementation of doxycycline PEP would result in modest declines in the cumulative incidence of syphilis among SMM over a 10-year period. […] At year 10, we also found evidence that under realistic level of uptake (20%) and adherence (80%) among SMM, doxycycline PEP would prevent roughly one-quarter of syphilis infection in the instances where condom use failed. […] These data suggest that doxycycline PEP might be most beneficial as a targeted prevention strategy for syphilis infections that are often underdiagnosed such as oral secondary syphilis. […] Our results have important implications for the role of doxycycline prophylaxis as an intervention for syphilis prevention. Although uptake led to decreased syphilis infection, potential impacts were moderate. Doxycycline PEP could not compete with the current effectiveness of condom use (when used consistently and correctly) in combination with routine STI testing and treatment unless we assume extreme, and likely unrealistic, levels of doxycycline uptake and adherence.

• #1 Doxy-PEP for syphilis prevention: What is it, does it work and how can we overcome barriers to access? | CATIE Blog

  https://blog.catie.ca/2024/02/13/doxy-pep-for-syphilis-prevention-what-is-it-does-it-work-and-how-can-we-overcome-barriers-to-access/

  Doxy-PEP is a medication containing doxycycline, which is taken after sex to prevent syphilis, chlamydia and some other STIs. […] Multiple studies of doxy-PEP have demonstrated that it is effective at reducing syphilis and chlamydia among trans women and gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). […] Similar to how daily HIV PrEP is used to prevent HIV, doxycycline can also be taken daily as pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PrEP) to prevent syphilis. […] We are in dire need of high-quality research studies on the effectiveness of doxy-PEP for STI prevention among cis women, trans men and gender-diverse people. […] We urgently need national doxy-PEP guidelines to provide guidance for service providers working with communities affected by syphilis. […] We need increased and ongoing investment in doxy-PEP education, as well as capacity-building for service providers and affected communities. […] Building upon lessons learned from Canadas HIV PrEP rollout, you too can step up for the health of our communities, increase doxy-PEP awareness and help decrease syphilis transmission.

• #1 Syphilis: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/syphilis

  Individuals exposed sexually within 90 days preceding the diagnosis of primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis in a sex partner regardless of syphilis serologic status (AII) […] Individuals exposed 90 days before syphilis diagnosis in a sex partner, if syphilis serologic test results are not available immediately and the opportunity for follow-up is uncertain (AIII) […] Doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been examined for prevention of bacterial STIs. In a pilot study, 30 MSM with HIV with previous syphilis were randomly assigned to doxycycline 100 mg daily for 48 weeks versus a financial incentive-based behavioral intervention; doxycycline was associated with a lower incidence of syphilis, but this did not reach statistical significance due to small sample size. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (doxycycline 200 mg after unprotected anal sex) has been studied among MSM and transgender women, with a reduction in incident syphilis by 73%. […] Several recent randomized open-label clinical trials have found that doxycycline 200 mg after condomless sex among MSM or transgender women with HIV or on HIV PrEP significantly reduced chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis acquisition.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis

  Syphilis is a preventable disease. […] Using condoms consistently and correctly is the best way to prevent syphilis and many other STIs. […] Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit and treated right away if the test result is positive. Congenital syphilis can only be prevented by diagnosing and treating the mother with penicillin. […] People diagnosed with syphilis should notify their sexual partners to prevent new infections.

• #1 Syphilis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351762

  Remember, your local health department may offer partner services. These help you notify your sexual partners that they may be infected. Your partners can be tested and treated, limiting the spread of syphilis. […] Syphilis is simple to cure when it’s found and treated in its early stages. The preferred treatment at all stages is penicillin. This antibiotic medicine can kill the bacteria that causes syphilis. […] The recommended treatment for primary, secondary or early-stage latent syphilis is a single shot of penicillin. If you’ve had syphilis for longer than a year, you may need additional doses. […] Penicillin is the only recommended treatment for pregnant people with syphilis. Those who are allergic to penicillin can follow a process that may allow them to take the medicine. The procedure is called penicillin desensitization.

• #1 About Syphilis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/syphilis/about.html

  MDH now recommends that all individuals aged 18-49 years be screened for syphilis at least once as part of routine health care. […] Syphilis prevention methods can greatly reduce, but do not eliminate, the risk of transmission. Any sexually active person can get syphilis through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] Condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of syphilis only when the infected areas are covered or protected by the condom. […] Always use condoms during vaginal and anal sex. […] Use a condom for oral sex on a penis. […] Use a barrier (dental dam or condom cut in half) for oral sex on a vagina or anus. […] Always notify sex partners immediately if you have syphilis or another STD. It is important to make sure all partners are tested and treated. […] Syphilis is easily curable at all stages with prescription medication. […] All sexual partners of the person with syphilis should be treated at same time.

• #1 Congenital Syphilis | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/congenital-syphilis

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Congenital syphilis (CS) occurs when a mother transmits syphilis to her infant during pregnancy or at delivery. Congenital syphilis is preventable if pregnant women get the correct treatment during their pregnancy. […] DSHS implemented a multifaceted approach to reduce the number of reported CS cases by promoting syphilis screening and testing and providing adequate treatment. […] Partner notification contributes to preventing further transmission and connects individuals to necessary care and support.

• #1 Context appropriate interventions to prevent syphilis: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6752042/

  Populations acquiring syphilis are constantly changing. […] Routine screening of MSM can identify and treat infections before they progress to disease (secondary prevention). […] Most congenital syphilis can be prevented by screening pregnant women; it has been eliminated in areas where intense primary prevention efforts eliminated syphilis among women. […] Congenital syphilis is increasing, and can be decreased by screening pregnant women and stopped by intensive efforts to prevent infection among women. […] Serious complications of syphilis are rare among adults, but common when babies are infected. Secondary prevention can prevent most illness among adults. Primary prevention is needed to prevent congenital syphilis. […] The goal of an intervention could be to prevent infection (primary prevention), or to prevent disease in the infected person (secondary prevention), or both.

• #1 Reduce congenital syphilis — STI‑04 – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/sexually-transmitted-infections/reduce-congenital-syphilis-sti-04

  Untreated syphilis in pregnant women can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth. Babies born with syphilis are at high risk for physical and developmental disabilities and death. Screening all pregnant women for syphilis and providing early treatment for women with syphilis and their sexual partner(s) during prenatal care can completely prevent congenital syphilis.

• #1 Congenital Syphilis Prevention | Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)

  https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/std/syphilis-prevention.html

  Women who are pregnant can become infected with the same STDs, including syphilis, as women who are not pregnant. […] Untreated syphilis in pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, or death shortly after birth. […] Treat all pregnant women with a positive syphilis test or signs and systems of syphilis at least 30 days before delivery to prevent congenital syphilis. […] Pregnant women with a history receive repeat treatment as Late Latent Syphilis with Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM every week for three weeks at 5-7-day intervals. […] ADPH offers free syphilis testing and treatment for pregnant women and their partners.

• #1 Context appropriate interventions to prevent syphilis: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6752042/

  Penicillin is at least 97% effective in preventing congenital syphilis if infection is treated early in pregnancy. […] To reduce the risk of syphilitic stillbirths, women should be screened at their first prenatal visit. […] Prevention of all congenital syphilis requires prevention of syphilis among women because it is not possible to catch all infections in pregnant women in time to prevent the serious complications of congenital syphilis.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis

  Syphilis is a preventable and curable bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). If untreated, it can cause serious health issues. […] Correct and consistent use of condoms during sex can prevent syphilis. […] Identifying asymptomatic infection through laboratory or rapid tests and providing adequate treatment of positive cases will prevent further transmission and complications, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital syphilis. […] Syphilis is treatable and curable. People who suspect they may have syphilis should speak to their healthcare provider. […] The early stage of syphilis is treated with a benzathine penicillin (BPG) injection. BPG is the first line treatment for syphilis and the only WHO-recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis. […] BPG can prevent syphilis from being passed from a mother to baby.

• #1 Syphilis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/syphilis.htm

  Bicillin L-A is the first-line recommended treatment for syphilis and the only recommended treatment option for some patients. […] Treatment for late latent syphilis (1 years duration) and tertiary syphilis requires a longer duration of therapy because organisms theoretically might be dividing more slowly. […] Parenteral penicillin G is the only therapy with documented efficacy for syphilis during pregnancy. […] Sexual transmission of T. pallidum is thought to occur only when mucocutaneous syphilitic lesions are present.

• #1 Syphilis – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/syphilis/syphilis+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. […] All sexual partners need to be contacted, tested and treated, if needed. Even if partners have no symptoms they may be able to transmit infection to other sexual partners or reinfect you. […] People with syphilis should refrain from any sexual contact for at least 1 week after completing treatment or until the lesions of early syphilis (if they were present) are fully healed. […] Follow-up blood tests must be done to make sure that treatment has cured the infection. […] Testing for syphilis during pregnancy is done at the first antenatal appointment and is also recommended by the Communicable Disease Control Branch to be done again at 28 and 36 weeks for all pregnancies. […] Testing to exclude other sexually transmitted infections is advisable. […] Use condoms and other barrier methods to prevent getting sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis. […] Get tested for sexually transmitted infections regularly (even if you do not have symptoms), particularly when you have new sexual partners.

• #1 Syphilis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syphilis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351762

  After you’re treated for syphilis, your health care team likely will ask you to: Have regular blood tests and exams to make sure the penicillin treatment is working. The follow-up tests you need depend on the stage of syphilis you have. […] If you think you might have syphilis, it’s best to not have any sexual contact until you’ve talked with your health care team. If you have sexual activity before you see your care team, follow safe sex practices such as using a condom.

• #1 Context appropriate interventions to prevent syphilis: a narrative review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6752042/

  Thus, there is a sense of urgency in treating primary and secondary syphilis, and clinicians are urged to treat suspected primary and secondary syphilis without waiting for laboratory results. […] Prevention of transmission is even more likely when persons are treated after exposure to infection before they develop primary syphilis. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for syphilis has been considered, in light of successful trials of antiretroviral PrEP for HIV prevention among individuals. […] Partners of persons with syphilis are likely to be infected, so notifying them, testing them, and treating them can prevent ongoing transmission. […] Major health departments in the United States have trained staff that can assist patients with notifying partners. […] Education should include information on: recognizing clinical manifestations, identifying persons at greatest risk based on local epidemiology, screening (especially pregnant women early in pregnancy, again at 28-32 weeks gestation, and at delivery), treating patients with signs of syphilis while awaiting lab results, and treating recent sex partners of a case (even if test results are negative).

• #1 Syphilis Prevention 101: Everything You Need To Know – Congenital Syphilis Awareness

  https://testforthem.org/news/syphilis-prevention-101/

  Despite being both preventable and curable, syphilis infection rates have surged in recent years, with millions affected across America. […] In this guide, well provide you with the basics of syphilis prevention, including safe sex practices, routine testing, and reducing risk factors, empowering you with practical tools to protect your health. […] Prevention and early detection are key not only for personal health but also for public health, as syphilis can spread within communities if not adequately addressed. […] This is why regular syphilis testing during prenatal care is essential; early treatment can prevent transmission and protect both mother and child from these serious outcomes. […] Using condoms consistently and correctly is one of the best ways to protect against syphilis.

• #1 Screening for Syphilis in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2024/04/screening-for-syphilis-in-pregnancy

  Benzathine penicillin G is the only known effective treatment for syphilis in pregnancy and the prevention of congenital syphilis. Timely initiation and completion of treatment are imperative and often complicated by stigma, multiple injections, treatment shortages, reporting and follow-up requirements, and mistrust of the medical system. […] When needed, local health departments, disease intervention specialists, and trusted community organizations can play an important role in helping people and their sex partners overcome barriers to accessing and completing treatment.

• #1 A qualitative assessment of structural barriers to prenatal care and congenital syphilis prevention in Kern County, California | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0249419

  Reinvesting in public health departments, engaging providers in screening and surveillance guidelines, and creating wrap-around services that link prenatal care with programs that serve vulnerable women will be important to reduce congenital syphilis cases attributable to health care provider missed opportunities. […] Greater attention must be given to the issues that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. These findings highlight several structural barriers that potentially contribute to lack of prenatal care access and utilization and congenital syphilis prevention in Kern County, CA.

• #1 Congenital Syphilis Information for Providers

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/congenital_syphilis/providers/

  The New York State Department of Health fully supports this amendment as data show syphilis screening in the third trimester of pregnancy as a missed opportunity for testing, diagnosis, and treatment of a pregnant person to prevent syphilis during pregnancy. […] The New York State Congenital Syphilis Prevention Program (CSPP), a collaborative effort between the Clinical Education Initiative and the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute’s Office of Sexual Health and Epidemiology and the Bureau of HIV/STI Partner Services, offers educational consultation to health care providers and public health representatives on persons diagnosed with syphilis in pregnancy with the inclusion of protected health information sharing that facilitates behind the scenes enhanced monitoring of treatment and follow up to optimize prevention of congenital syphilis.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis

  Syphilis is a preventable and curable bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). If untreated, it can cause serious health issues. […] Correct and consistent use of condoms during sex can prevent syphilis. […] Identifying asymptomatic infection through laboratory or rapid tests and providing adequate treatment of positive cases will prevent further transmission and complications, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital syphilis. […] Syphilis is treatable and curable. People who suspect they may have syphilis should speak to their healthcare provider. […] The early stage of syphilis is treated with a benzathine penicillin (BPG) injection. BPG is the first line treatment for syphilis and the only WHO-recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis. […] BPG can prevent syphilis from being passed from a mother to baby.

• #2 Syphilis: Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/syphilis/prevention-risks.html

  To help prevent getting or passing on syphilis: […] correctly and consistently use condoms and dental dams during sexual activities […] avoid sexual contact with partners who have symptoms of syphilis infection […] talk to your partner(s) about their STI status and safer sex, and encourage them to get tested […] get tested regularly for syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) if you are sexually active.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Syphilis-Prevention.aspx

  Syphilis is an infectious disease but it is preventable to a large extent. The best and the most certain method of prevention of this infection is to avoid sexual contact or only to maintain sexual contact with one faithful partner who has been tested and is not infected. Some of the tips to prevent transmission of syphilis include the safe sex measures. […] Safer sex measures include: […] Having sex with a single faithful, tested and non-infected partner. Sexual penetration or ejaculation does not need to take place for syphilis to spread. […] Condoms can be used to reduce the risk of catching syphilis, but cannot prevent it altogether. Some risk remains via exposure to the mouth (those having oral sex) or via anus (those having anal intercourse). It is important to use a condom during vaginal, oral and anal sex.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis

  Syphilis is a preventable disease. […] Using condoms consistently and correctly is the best way to prevent syphilis and many other STIs. […] Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit and treated right away if the test result is positive. Congenital syphilis can only be prevented by diagnosing and treating the mother with penicillin. […] People diagnosed with syphilis should notify their sexual partners to prevent new infections.

• #2 Understanding Syphilis and How to Prevent It

  https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/syphilis/

  Condoms for vaginal and anal sex. Condoms may protect the penis or vagina from infection, but do not protect from contact with other areas such as the scrotum or anal area. […] Several barrier methods can be used to reduce the risk of transmission of syphilis during oral sex. A non-lubricated condom can be used for mouth-to-penis contact. Household plastic wrap, a dental dam, or a latex condom cut-up and opened flat can reduce the risk of transmission during mouth-to-vulva/vagina or oral-anal (rimming) contact. […] New Guidelines on Syphilis Testing in Pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released new guidelines recommending that all pregnant people be screened for syphilis three times during pregnancy.

• #2 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Prevention Condoms, Long-term monogamous relationships […] The risk of sexual transmission of syphilis can be reduced by using a latex or polyurethane condom. […] Condom use reduces the likelihood of transmission during sex, but does not eliminate the risk. […] Abstinence from intimate physical contact with an infected person is effective at reducing the transmission of syphilis. […] Congenital syphilis in the newborn can be prevented by screening mothers during early pregnancy and treating those who are infected. […] The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) strongly recommends universal screening of all pregnant women, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all women be tested at their first antenatal visit and again in the third trimester. […] The CDC recommends that sexually active men who have sex with men be tested at least yearly.

• #2 Syphilis: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/syphilis

  Updated, span, September 25, 2023 Reviewed, span, January 08, 2025 […] The resurgence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as the emergence of mpox, in men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV underscores the importance of primary prevention of syphilis in this population, which should begin with a behavioral risk assessment and routine discussion of sexual behaviors. Health care providers should discuss patient-centered risk reduction messages and advise specific actions that can reduce the risk of acquiring STIs and of transmitting HIV. Routine serologic screening for syphilis is recommended at least annually for all people with HIV who are sexually active, with more frequent screening (every 3-6 months) for those who have multiple or anonymous partners. The occurrence of syphilis or any other STI in a person with HIV is an indication of risk behaviors that should prompt intensified risk assessment and counseling messages about the manifestations of syphilis, risk of HIV transmission, and prevention strategies with strong consideration for behavioral intervention. People undergoing screening or treatment for syphilis also should be evaluated for other STIs, including mpox, chlamydia, and gonorrhea at anatomic sites of exposure in men and chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas infections in women.

• #2 Congenital Syphilis Prevention | Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH)

  https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/std/syphilis-prevention.html

  Women who are pregnant can become infected with the same STDs, including syphilis, as women who are not pregnant. […] Untreated syphilis in pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, or death shortly after birth. […] Treat all pregnant women with a positive syphilis test or signs and systems of syphilis at least 30 days before delivery to prevent congenital syphilis. […] Pregnant women with a history receive repeat treatment as Late Latent Syphilis with Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM every week for three weeks at 5-7-day intervals. […] ADPH offers free syphilis testing and treatment for pregnant women and their partners.

• #2 Syphilis and pregnancy | Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

  https://cdphe.colorado.gov/sti-hiv-vh/syphilis/pregnancy

  Make sure to request a comprehensive sexually transmitted infection (STI) test panel screening at your first prenatal visit. This panel includes syphilis testing. […] If you test positive for syphilis, get treatment right away. […] If you are pregnant and have syphilis, you can still reduce the risks of passing syphilis to your baby. Getting tested and treated for syphilis can prevent serious health complications for both you and your baby. […] Prenatal care is essential to the overall health and wellness of you and your child. The sooner you begin receiving medical care during pregnancy, the better the health outcomes will be for you and your baby. […] Colorado law requires health care providers to offer syphilis testing to anyone who is pregnant. […] The rule requires all health care facilities and medical providers who care for anyone who is pregnant to offer syphilis testing. Testing is required at specific points throughout pregnancy, including: During the first trimester of pregnancy or at the patients initial prenatal visit.

• #2 Practice Alert: CDC Guidelines on Doxycycline for STI Postexposure Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/1000/editorial-doxycycline-sti-postexposure-prophylaxis.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines on the use of doxycycline for postexposure prophylaxis of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. This is an important document given the decades-long trend of increasing incidence of these three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the current lack of a vaccine. The CDC recommends that clinicians discuss prescribing doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to prevent bacterial STIs with men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women, who have had a bacterial STI in the past year. […] Doxycycline, 200 mg, administered within 24 hours and no later than 72 hours after condomless oral, vaginal, or anal sex has been shown to prevent gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. […] Because of the lack of evidence in other populations and a concern about possible antibiotic resistance with long-term, widespread use, the CDC recommends doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis only for MSM, and transgender women, who have received a bacterial STI diagnosis in the previous year. Eligible patients should be counseled about the possible benefits of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis and provided with a prescription for self-administration that lasts until the next planned visit.

• #2 DoxyPEP: Using antibiotics to prevent STIs | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/doxypep-using-antibiotics-prevent-stis

  Taking the antibiotic doxycycline after sex works well to prevent syphilis and chlamydia for gay and bisexual men, and trans women. It tends to be less effective at preventing gonorrhoea. […] STI prophylaxis involves taking an antibiotic pill to prevent bacterial STIs, such as syphilis and chlamydia. […] Doxycycline prevents bacteria from reproducing and effectively treats various bacterial infections, including pneumonia, gum disease, skin infections and some STIs. […] The evidence shows that doxyPEP is effective against syphilis and chlamydia, but tends to be less effective in preventing gonorrhoea. […] A much clearer benefit of doxyPEP applies to the prevention of syphilis as this bacterial STI can have serious consequences in all populations, such as ocular syphilis and neurosyphilis, and signs of an initial infection may easily be missed, allowing the disease to progress to the next stage. […] Three rigorous studies have shown that doxyPEP (taking doxycycline soon after sex) prevents STIs when used by gay and bisexual men, and one of the studies showed it worked for trans women too.

• #2 Syphilis: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/syphilis

  Individuals exposed sexually within 90 days preceding the diagnosis of primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis in a sex partner regardless of syphilis serologic status (AII) […] Individuals exposed 90 days before syphilis diagnosis in a sex partner, if syphilis serologic test results are not available immediately and the opportunity for follow-up is uncertain (AIII) […] Doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been examined for prevention of bacterial STIs. In a pilot study, 30 MSM with HIV with previous syphilis were randomly assigned to doxycycline 100 mg daily for 48 weeks versus a financial incentive-based behavioral intervention; doxycycline was associated with a lower incidence of syphilis, but this did not reach statistical significance due to small sample size. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (doxycycline 200 mg after unprotected anal sex) has been studied among MSM and transgender women, with a reduction in incident syphilis by 73%. […] Several recent randomized open-label clinical trials have found that doxycycline 200 mg after condomless sex among MSM or transgender women with HIV or on HIV PrEP significantly reduced chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis acquisition.

• #2 Countering the Rise of Syphilis: A Role for Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8688295/

  Our model indicated that implementation of doxycycline PEP would result in modest declines in the cumulative incidence of syphilis among SMM over a 10-year period. […] At year 10, we also found evidence that under realistic level of uptake (20%) and adherence (80%) among SMM, doxycycline PEP would prevent roughly one-quarter of syphilis infection in the instances where condom use failed. […] These data suggest that doxycycline PEP might be most beneficial as a targeted prevention strategy for syphilis infections that are often underdiagnosed such as oral secondary syphilis. […] Our results have important implications for the role of doxycycline prophylaxis as an intervention for syphilis prevention. Although uptake led to decreased syphilis infection, potential impacts were moderate. Doxycycline PEP could not compete with the current effectiveness of condom use (when used consistently and correctly) in combination with routine STI testing and treatment unless we assume extreme, and likely unrealistic, levels of doxycycline uptake and adherence.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Syphilis-Prevention.aspx

  Other forms of barriers like use of a dental dam (square of plastic) when having oral sex or when the mouth of an uninfected individual makes contact with partner’s vagina or anus. This also prevents transmission of sexually transmitted infection (STI). […] Transmission needs to be prevented by routine testing and, if positive, treatment of sexual partners of infected individuals. […] All sexual partners of the infected person in the recent past need to be identified, notified and rapidly referred for medical evaluation and treatment. Long-term sex partners of patients with late syphilis should be evaluated clinically and serologically and treated appropriately. […] Syphilis can also spread by sharing injection drug users. Injection drug users should avoid sharing needles. They can opt for needle-exchange programmes that are offered by many pharmacies and local authorities. In these used needles can be exchanged for new disposable clean ones.

• #2 Syphilis Prevention – Health

  https://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/health/chd-programs/syphilis-prevention/

  Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Usually the treatment is a single shot. Advanced syphilis needs longer treatment. […] Do not have sex until your health care provider says you’re cured. […] Tell your sex partner(s). Your partner must be treated, too. Otherwise, he or she could pass syphilis to someone else or back to you.

• #2 Syphilis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/syphilis

  People who had sexual contact with a patient within the 90 days before the patient was diagnosed with primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis should be treated presumptively for early syphilis, even if serologic test results are negative. […] Patients with syphilis should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV infection, at diagnosis and 6 months later. […] The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that asymptomatic, nonpregnant adolescents and adults who are at increased risk for syphilis infection be screened for syphilis. […] After treatment, patients should have examinations and reaginic tests at 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter until the test is nonreactive or until a durable 4-fold reduction in titer is achieved. […] Report cases of syphilis to public health agencies.

• #2 Spotlight on Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/knowledge-and-news-women-owh-blog/spotlight-syphilis-and-congenital-syphilis

  Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Awareness week, observed annually in April, serves as an opportunity to raise awareness, promote education, and encourage proactive measures to prevent the spread of STIs. […] The impact of congenital syphilis highlights the importance of prenatal screening and early detection of syphilis in pregnant women. All pregnant women should receive testing for syphilis at their first prenatal visit. Women who live in areas with high syphilis rates or who are at risk for getting syphilis during pregnancy should be retested at 28 weeks gestation and at time of delivery. […] The only way to completely avoid syphilis is to not have sexual contact. Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of syphilis transmission. Routine screening for syphilis is recommended, especially for people at increased risk, including pregnant women. Ask your health care provider if you need to get screened for syphilis. Early detection of syphilis can lead to early treatment to prevent complications and reduce the spread of syphilis.

• #2 Congenital syphilis prevention – Women’s Healthcare

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/congenital-syphilis-prevention/

  Congenital syphilis has been increasing at an alarming rate. Womens health nurse practitioners and other advanced practice registered nurses providing care for reproductive-age patients can help decrease the incidence of this avoidable pregnancy complication by addressing missed opportunities for prevention. This article provides practical suggestions for syphilis screening, diagnosis, and treatment that can be incorporated into practice. […] Congenital syphilis is preventable through the prompt identification and treatment of pregnant patients with syphilis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified missed opportunities in a 2020 report. Awareness of these missed opportunities is essential for womens health nurse practitioners (WHNPs) and other advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) providing reproductive and prenatal healthcare to address this problem in their own practice.

• #2 Screening for Syphilis in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2024/04/screening-for-syphilis-in-pregnancy

  The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) continues to endorse the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment Guidelines, 2021. However, in the context of the rapidly increasing rates of congenital syphilis, obstetriciangynecologists and other obstetric care professionals should screen all pregnant individuals serologically for syphilis at the first prenatal care visit, followed by universal rescreening during the third trimester and at birth, rather than use a risk-based approach to testing. […] According to the CDC, 88% of congenital syphilis cases in 2022 could have been prevented with timely screening and treatment. […] Therefore, it is important to make any health care encounter during pregnancyincluding those in emergency departments, jails, syringe service programs, and maternal and child health programsan opportunity to screen for syphilis.

• #2 ADPH-Alabama Congenital Syphilis Prevention Strategies | Alabama Board of Medical Examiners & Medical Licensure Commission

  https://www.albme.gov/press-release/adph-alabama-congenital-syphilis-prevention-strategies

  Providers should not discharge a newborn infant from the hospital without a documented serological status of syphilis of the mother during pregnancy and delivery. […] Consider congenital syphilis in all stillbirths after 20 weeks, and in infants of a mother with evidence of syphilis infection during pregnancy. […] Infants born to untreated, or inadequately treated (30 days prior to delivery) pregnant women need an evaluation and treatment for congenital syphilis per CDC guidelines. […] Because of missed opportunities resulting in a significant number of cases of congenital syphilis in Alabama, ADPH is recommending the following treatment regimens including retreating women who were previously treated for syphilis before pregnancy. […] All pregnant women with signs and symptoms and/or a positive syphilis test result must be treated, as detailed below, at least 30 days before delivery to prevent congenital syphilis. […] ADPH offers free syphilis testing and treatment for pregnant women and their partners.

• #2 Syphilis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/syphilis.htm

  Bicillin L-A is the first-line recommended treatment for syphilis and the only recommended treatment option for some patients. […] Treatment for late latent syphilis (1 years duration) and tertiary syphilis requires a longer duration of therapy because organisms theoretically might be dividing more slowly. […] Parenteral penicillin G is the only therapy with documented efficacy for syphilis during pregnancy. […] Sexual transmission of T. pallidum is thought to occur only when mucocutaneous syphilitic lesions are present.

• #2 Syphilis – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/syphilis/syphilis+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. […] All sexual partners need to be contacted, tested and treated, if needed. Even if partners have no symptoms they may be able to transmit infection to other sexual partners or reinfect you. […] People with syphilis should refrain from any sexual contact for at least 1 week after completing treatment or until the lesions of early syphilis (if they were present) are fully healed. […] Follow-up blood tests must be done to make sure that treatment has cured the infection. […] Testing for syphilis during pregnancy is done at the first antenatal appointment and is also recommended by the Communicable Disease Control Branch to be done again at 28 and 36 weeks for all pregnancies. […] Testing to exclude other sexually transmitted infections is advisable. […] Use condoms and other barrier methods to prevent getting sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis. […] Get tested for sexually transmitted infections regularly (even if you do not have symptoms), particularly when you have new sexual partners.

• #2 Suggested actions to reduce syphilis and congenital syphilis for improved maternal and infant health | The Administration for Children and Families

  https://acf.gov/policy-guidance/suggested-actions-reduce-syphilis-and-congenital-syphilis-improved-maternal-and

  Maternal and infant health is an urgent priority, and a coordinated effort across health and human services is crucial to foster positive maternal health outcomes. […] One under-recognized risk to pregnant women and babies is the increasing rates of syphilis and congenital syphilis, now at their highest levels since 1950. […] Congenital syphilis is preventable with early detection and treatment. […] HHS established the National Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis Syndemic Federal Task Force, led by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH), in September 2023 to work to reduce syphilis and congenital syphilis through a variety of efforts. […] Human services providers can play an important role in addressing the syphilis epidemic by raising awareness and helping to facilitate access to early testing and treatment.

• #2 Syphilis Prevention 101: Everything You Need To Know – Congenital Syphilis Awareness

  https://testforthem.org/news/syphilis-prevention-101/

  Regular syphilis testing is a vital part of staying on top of your sexual health and preventing the disease. […] Protecting yourself from syphilis also means making safe choices beyond sexual activity. […] Talking openly about sexual health with partners can feel awkward, but its an important step in syphilis prevention. […] By getting tested regularly you can catch syphilis early, even if you have no symptoms, and start treatment right away. […] Be sure to complete the entire syphilis treatment plan as prescribedthats absolutely crucial! Follow-up testing afterward ensures the infection is gone. Even if the infection is gone you should continue using preventive measures to ensure you are not reinfected. […] Practice safer sex. Get tested regularly. Communicate with your partner. These few simple, straightforward steps can go a long way toward reducing syphilis risk.

• #2 Promising Approaches to the Congenital Syphilis Health Crisis | ASTHO

  https://www.astho.org/communications/blog/promising-approaches-to-the-congenital-syphilis-health-crisis/

  Cases of congenital syphilis have exploded in recent years, increasing over 10X since 2012 and more than doubling in the last five years. […] Although there is an increasing number of congenital syphilis cases in the United States, it is an easily preventable disease. […] With timely identification and treatment of syphilis in pregnant people and a comprehensive approach to preventing future cases, congenital syphilis could be eliminated. […] The New York state Congenital Syphilis Prevention Program is a comprehensive approach to reducing congenital syphilis missed prevention opportunities and reducing failures of public health and health care systems that lead to congenital syphilis. […] As every case of congenital syphilis is entirely preventable, the increases we are seeing represent a lack of access or appropriate health care. […] Although congenital syphilis rates are a growing concern, many jurisdictions have created new and innovative approaches to identify and treat syphilis cases among pregnant people and people of childbearing capacity.

• #3 Syphilis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

  Prevention Condoms, Long-term monogamous relationships […] The risk of sexual transmission of syphilis can be reduced by using a latex or polyurethane condom. […] Condom use reduces the likelihood of transmission during sex, but does not eliminate the risk. […] Abstinence from intimate physical contact with an infected person is effective at reducing the transmission of syphilis. […] Congenital syphilis in the newborn can be prevented by screening mothers during early pregnancy and treating those who are infected. […] The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) strongly recommends universal screening of all pregnant women, while the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all women be tested at their first antenatal visit and again in the third trimester. […] The CDC recommends that sexually active men who have sex with men be tested at least yearly.

• #3 Preventative Antibiotics for STIs | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2023/preventative-antibiotics-for-stis

  The CDC is currently seeking feedback on a consultation document on doxycycline. There are data from randomized controlled trials, the gold standard scientific test, to demonstrate that Doxy-PEP is effective. It does reduce the risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis by 65% to 70%. […] Patients are asking for it, even though it’s not a CDC-endorsed intervention right now they are really interested and motivated to take the medication. They want to avoid getting STIs, like syphilis, which can infect the brain and the nervous system and cause blindness. […] There is really good evidence of the efficacy of this intervention in men who have sex with men and transgender women. […] One really important part of communication with patients is to let them know that this intervention is not invincible. If you develop symptoms, then it’s important to get tested.

• #3 The Continued Rise in Syphilis Cases: An Increasing Priority For Global Public Health | Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases

  https://globalhealth.unc.edu/2024/04/the-continued-rise-in-syphilis-cases-an-increasing-priority-for-global-public-health/

  April is sexually transmitted infections (STI) awareness month, and Arlene Sea, MD, MPH, a researcher with the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, is sounding the alarm about the importance of syphilis prevention, testing, and treatment. […] Syphilis is easy to cure with antibiotics such as benzathine penicillin and doxycycline in the early stages of infection, said Sea. But we need better diagnostic methods and the ability to provide treatment to everyone who needs it. […] According to a CDC report, 9 in 10 cases of congenital syphilis could have been prevented with timely testing and adequate treatment during pregnancy in 2022. […] Dr. Sea says a collaborative approach that combines translational and clinical research, innovative diagnostics, biomedical prevention strategies, and public health strategies will be needed to address the global burden of syphilis.

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