Materiały źródłowe

• #1 H. Pylori Infection: How Do You Get, Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21463-h-pylori-infection

  H. pylori is a bacteria that can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). Its the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis). H. pylori multiply in the mucus layer of the stomach lining and duodenum. The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer. H. pylori-caused ulcers are treated with a combination of antibiotics and an acid-reducing proton pump inhibitor. If you dont have symptoms, you dont need to be treated. If you’ve been diagnosed with H. pylori, avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs can increase your risk of developing an ulcer. Combination treatment is usually taken for 14 days. You can lower your risk of H. pylori infection if you: Drink clean water and use clean water during food preparation. (This is especially important if you live in areas of the world known to have a contaminated water supply.) Wash your hands thoroughly (20 seconds) with soap and water before eating and after using the bathroom. If your child follows the treatment plan and takes all medication to its completion, the chance that an infection would return within three years is less than 10%. In addition, treatment may heal stomach ulcers. It can takes weeks to months for symptoms to completely go away. Your healthcare provider will repeat a breath and/or stool test after waiting at least two weeks after proton pump inhibitor treatment has finished and four weeks after completing antibiotic treatment.

• #2 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  H. pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can infect humans. […] This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of H. pylori and explains the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with these conditions. […] Outline the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by Helicobacter pylori infections. […] H. pylori infection is diagnosed by both invasive and non-invasive methods. Noninvasive tests include the detection of H. pylori antigens in the stool, detection of antibodies against H. pylori in serum, urine and oral samples, and a urea breath test (UBT). […] To achieve a higher eradication rate following H. pylori infection, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) have updated the treatment guidelines for children and adolescents.

• #3 Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) […] Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, is a bacterium that is commonly found in the stomach. It is present in approximately one-half of the world’s population. […] The vast majority of people infected with H. pylori has no symptoms and will never develop problems. However, H. pylori is capable of causing a number of digestive problems, including ulcers and, much less commonly, stomach cancer. […] This article discusses the symptoms, testing, and treatment of H. pylori infections. […] H. PYLORI TREATMENT […] People with a history of peptic ulcer disease, active gastric ulcer, or active duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori infection should be treated. Successful treatment of H. pylori can help the ulcer to heal, prevent ulcers from coming back, and reduce the risk of ulcer complications (like bleeding).

• #4 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/symptoms-causes/syc-20356171

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs when Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria infect your stomach. This usually happens during childhood. A common cause of stomach ulcers (peptic ulcers), H. pylori infection may be present in more than half the people in the world. […] H. pylori infection is treated with antibiotics. […] Make an appointment with your health care provider if you notice any signs and symptoms that may be gastritis or a peptic ulcer. […] If you’re concerned about H. pylori infection or you think you may have a high risk of stomach cancer, talk to your health care provider. Together you can decide whether you may benefit from H. pylori testing.

• #5 Caring for Kids New to Canada – Helicobacter pylori Infections

  https://kidsnewtocanada.ca/conditions/hpylori

  50% of the worlds population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), with the highest prevalence in Africa, Asia, and South America. […] Most infections are asymptomatic. Over a lifetime, 10-15% progress to peptic ulcer disease, and 1-3% develop gastric cancer. […] Current pediatric guidelines recommend H. pylori testing for suspected peptic ulcer disease, for which treatment benefit is established. […] Eradication therapy consists of antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitor for 14 days. […] Children with confirmed H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease should receive eradication therapy. […] Treatment should be considered for children with refractory iron-deficiency anemia or chronic ITP with evidence of H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up is recommended to assess for resolution of symptoms and successful eradication of H. pylori. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection. […] Clinicians should be aware of the higher risk of H. pylori infection in new immigrants and refugees, and understand the indications for H. pylori testing and treatment as per current pediatric guidelines.

• #6 Helicobacter pylori infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007715.htm

  Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. It is very common, affecting about two thirds of the world’s population. H pylori infection is the most common cause of peptic ulcers. However, the infection does not cause problems for most people. […] H pylori bacteria are most likely passed directly from person to person. This tends to happen during childhood. The infection remains throughout life if not treated. […] Besides ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause a chronic inflammation in the stomach (gastritis) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis) and duodenal ulcers. […] In order for your ulcer to heal and to reduce the chance it will come back, you will be given medicines to: Kill the H pylori bacteria (if present) and Reduce acid levels in your stomach.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00420-018-1315-6

  The aim of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in specific occupational groups and to compare them with the general population. […] Overall, health professionals showed a significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori infection than the general population, especially among those working at gastrointestinal units. […] Our results show an occupational risk of H. pylori infection supporting the role of oral-oral, fecal-oral, and zoonotic transmission. […] The recognition of this infection as an occupational disease would result in early detection and treatment, as well as prevention and control of its transmission in workplaces. […] The occupational risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and their assistants.

• #8 H. pylori Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/h-pylori-helicobacter-pylori

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects your stomach. It can cause sores and inflammation in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine (the duodenum). For some people, an infection can lead to stomach cancer. […] Infection with H. pylori is common. About two-thirds of the worlds population has it in their bodies. For most people, it never causes any symptoms. But it’s the most common cause of peptic ulcers, which are painful open sores in your digestive tract. In rare cases, it could even lead to stomach cancer. […] H. pylori bacteria usually spread from person to person and also likely through: Dirty food, water, or utensils; Mouth to mouth (kissing); Contaminated poop or vomit. Once H. pylori enters your body, it multiplies in the lining of your stomach. This weakens the lining, making it more likely that your stomach acids will cause an ulcer.

• #9 Helicobacter Pylori: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/dyspepsia-indigestion/helicobacter-pylori

  We don’t fully understand exactly how H. pylori spreads. It’s thought to spread from person to person. Most people seem to get it in childhood, probably from their parents or siblings. […] Frequent reasons to test for H. pylori include: If someone has symptoms of dyspepsia (’indigestion’). […] If someone has a stomach ulcer or duodenal ulcer. […] If someone has gastritis. […] H. pylori infection is very common. Globally, around half of all people have it. It is more common in developing countries. […] Most people who have H. pylori have no symptoms at all, and never develop any problems from it. […] H. pylori increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. However, the vast majority of people with H. pylori do not get stomach cancer. The increased risk from H. pylori infection is small.

• #10 Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) […] Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, is a bacterium that is commonly found in the stomach. It is present in approximately one-half of the world’s population. […] The vast majority of people infected with H. pylori has no symptoms and will never develop problems. However, H. pylori is capable of causing a number of digestive problems, including ulcers and, much less commonly, stomach cancer. […] This article discusses the symptoms, testing, and treatment of H. pylori infections. […] H. PYLORI TREATMENT […] People with a history of peptic ulcer disease, active gastric ulcer, or active duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori infection should be treated. Successful treatment of H. pylori can help the ulcer to heal, prevent ulcers from coming back, and reduce the risk of ulcer complications (like bleeding).

• #11 H. Pylori Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/helicobacter-pylori

  H. pylori is a bacteria that can damage the stomachs protective lining. Untreated, an H.pylori infection may lead to complications. […] H. pylori often infects a persons stomach during childhood. Infections are typically harmless and dont cause symptoms. However, in some cases, they may lead to stomach ulcers and some diseases. […] Symptoms of a peptic ulcer from H. pylori may include: dull or burning stomach pain, feeling full quickly after starting to eat, bloating, nausea, unexplained weight loss, vomiting, burping. […] H. pylori infections may lead to peptic ulcers, which could develop into more serious complications. […] A healthcare professional may recommend treatment if you have a family history of stomach cancer or stomach and duodenal ulcers. Treatment can cure an ulcer and help reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer.

• #12 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter pylori infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6140150/

  Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common condition that both primary care providers and gastroenterologists encounter. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease are variable and may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and bleeding or perforation with complicated disease. Identifying the risk factors and mechanisms that lead to the development of PUD helps to understand the approach behind diagnostic and treatment strategies. […] Peptic ulcers are frequently encountered in the primary care setting and understanding associated risk factors is key to disease prevention and management. […] The main risk factors for PUD are H. pylori and NSAID use, however not all individuals infected with H. pylori or taking NSAIDs develop PUD. […] All patients found to have peptic ulcers should be tested for H. pylori.

• #13 Helicobacter pylori infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007715.htm

  If you have a peptic ulcer and an H pylori infection, treatment is recommended. The standard treatment involves different combinations of the following medicines for 10 to 14 days: Antibiotics to kill H pylori, Proton pump inhibitors to help lower acid levels in the stomach, Bismuth (the main ingredient in Pepto-Bismol) may be added to help kill the bacteria. […] If you take your medicines, there is a good chance that the H pylori infection will be cured. You will be much less likely to get another ulcer. […] A chronic infection with H pylori may lead to: Peptic ulcer disease, Chronic inflammation, Gastric and upper intestine ulcers, Stomach cancer, Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

• #14 Helicobacter pylori infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/helicobacter-pylori-infection

  H pylori infection is the most common cause of peptic ulcers. […] H pylori bacteria are most likely passed directly from person to person. […] The bacteria may trigger ulcers in the following way: H pylori enters the mucus layer of the stomach and attaches to the stomach lining. […] H pylori can also sometimes lead to stomach cancer or a rare type of stomach lymphoma. […] Your health care provider may test you for H pylori if you have peptic ulcers or a history of ulcers. […] If you have a peptic ulcer and an H pylori infection, treatment is recommended. […] Taking all of these medicines for up to 14 days is not easy. […] If you take your medicines, there is a good chance that the H pylori infection will be cured. […] A chronic infection with H pylori may lead to peptic ulcer disease. […] Severe symptoms that begin suddenly may indicate a blockage in the intestine, perforation, or hemorrhage, all of which are emergencies.

• #15 Helicobacter pylori | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/reduce-your-risk/get-vaccinated/helicobacter-pylori

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that grows in the inner lining of the stomach. It causes a common stomach infection. It is also a main cause of stomach cancer and some types of lymphoma of the stomach. […] H. pylori infection usually lasts for life unless it is treated. Most people infected with H. pylori don’t have any symptoms or health problems related to the bacterium. Some people with long-lasting infection develop symptoms, such as stomach pain, nausea or vomiting. H. pylori can cause long-lasting inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach (gastritis) and stomach ulcers. About 10% to 15% of people with H. pylori infection develop peptic ulcer disease (sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum of the small intestine). […] H. pylori infection is a major cause of stomach (gastric) cancer. H. pylori causes long-lasting gastritis, which is thought to be the first step in developing stomach cancer. […] People infected with H. pylori are usually given a combination of antibiotics and a drug to help reduce acid in the stomach for 7 to 14 days. It cures H. pylori infection in 80% to 90% of people.

• #16 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356177

  Several tests and procedures are used to determine whether you have Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Testing is important for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Repeat testing after treatment is important to be sure H. pylori is gone. Tests may be done using a stool sample, through a breath test and by an upper endoscopy exam. […] A health care provider may conduct a scope test, known as an upper endoscopy exam. Your provider may perform this test to investigate symptoms that may be caused by conditions such as a peptic ulcer or gastritis that may be due to H. pylori. […] H. pylori infections are usually treated with at least two different antibiotics at once. This helps prevent the bacteria from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic. […] Repeat testing for H. pylori at least four weeks after your treatment is recommended. If the tests show the treatment didn’t get rid of the infection, you may need more treatment with a different combination of antibiotics. […] See your health care provider if you have signs or symptoms that indicate a complication of H. pylori infection. Your provider may test and treat you for H. pylori infection, or refer you to a specialist who treats diseases of the digestive system (gastroenterologist).

• #17 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  H. pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can infect humans. […] This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of H. pylori and explains the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with these conditions. […] Outline the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by Helicobacter pylori infections. […] H. pylori infection is diagnosed by both invasive and non-invasive methods. Noninvasive tests include the detection of H. pylori antigens in the stool, detection of antibodies against H. pylori in serum, urine and oral samples, and a urea breath test (UBT). […] To achieve a higher eradication rate following H. pylori infection, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) have updated the treatment guidelines for children and adolescents.

• #18 Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0200/peptic-ulcer-disease-h-pylori-infection.html

  Peptic ulcer disease is common, affecting 1 out of 12 people in the United States. Approximately 1 in 5 peptic ulcers is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, with most of the rest due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. […] The H. pylori test-and-treat strategy is the mainstay of outpatient management. Patients younger than 60 years who have dyspepsia without alarm symptoms should be tested and, if positive, treated to eradicate the infection. […] Noninvasive testing for H. pylori using a urea breath test or stool antigen test is preferred. […] Bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy (nonbismuth quadruple therapy) is the preferred first-line treatment for eradication because of increasing clarithromycin resistance. […] Eradicating H. pylori in NSAID users reduces the likelihood of peptic ulcers by one-half.

• #19

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/diagnosis/

  If a GP thinks you have a stomach ulcer, you may be tested for an Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. […] If your GP thinks your symptoms are caused by an H. pylori infection, they may recommend one of the following tests: […] If you test positive for H. pylori, you’ll need treatment to clear it, which can heal the ulcer and prevent it returning. […] A small tissue sample may also be taken from your stomach or duodenum so it can be tested for the H. pylori bacteria.

• #20 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/h-pylori/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356177

  Several tests and procedures are used to determine whether you have Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Testing is important for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Repeat testing after treatment is important to be sure H. pylori is gone. Tests may be done using a stool sample, through a breath test and by an upper endoscopy exam. […] A health care provider may conduct a scope test, known as an upper endoscopy exam. Your provider may perform this test to investigate symptoms that may be caused by conditions such as a peptic ulcer or gastritis that may be due to H. pylori. […] H. pylori infections are usually treated with at least two different antibiotics at once. This helps prevent the bacteria from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic. […] Repeat testing for H. pylori at least four weeks after your treatment is recommended. If the tests show the treatment didn’t get rid of the infection, you may need more treatment with a different combination of antibiotics. […] See your health care provider if you have signs or symptoms that indicate a complication of H. pylori infection. Your provider may test and treat you for H. pylori infection, or refer you to a specialist who treats diseases of the digestive system (gastroenterologist).

• #21 Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0200/peptic-ulcer-disease-h-pylori-infection.html

  Peptic ulcer disease is common, affecting 1 out of 12 people in the United States. Approximately 1 in 5 peptic ulcers is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, with most of the rest due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. […] The H. pylori test-and-treat strategy is the mainstay of outpatient management. Patients younger than 60 years who have dyspepsia without alarm symptoms should be tested and, if positive, treated to eradicate the infection. […] Noninvasive testing for H. pylori using a urea breath test or stool antigen test is preferred. […] Bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy (nonbismuth quadruple therapy) is the preferred first-line treatment for eradication because of increasing clarithromycin resistance. […] Eradicating H. pylori in NSAID users reduces the likelihood of peptic ulcers by one-half.

• #22 Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Anyone diagnosed with H. pylori should be treated. H. pylori treatment helps to heal the ulcer, lowers the risk that the ulcer will return, and lowers the risk of bleeding from the ulcer. […] H. pylori treatment usually includes several medicines. At least two of the medicines are antibiotics that help to kill the bacteria. The other medication causes the stomach to make less acid; lower acid levels help the ulcer to heal. […] Most people are cured after finishing two weeks of medicine. Some people need to take another two weeks of medicine. It is important to finish all of the medicine to ensure that the bacteria are killed. […] Guidelines recommend that all patients treated for H. pylori undergo a breath or stool test two weeks after finishing the medication.

• #23 Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) […] Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, is a bacterium that is commonly found in the stomach. It is present in approximately one-half of the world’s population. […] This article discusses the symptoms, testing, and treatment of H. pylori infections. […] H. PYLORI TREATMENT […] People with a history of peptic ulcer disease, active gastric ulcer, or active duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori infection should be treated. Successful treatment of H. pylori can help the ulcer to heal, prevent ulcers from coming back, and reduce the risk of ulcer complications (like bleeding). […] Medications — No single drug cures H. pylori infection. Most treatment regimens involve taking several medications for 14 days.

• #24 Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172395-overview

  Regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection are typically chosen empirically, on the basis of regional bacterial resistance patterns, local recommendations, and drug availability. […] Therapy for H pylori infection has undergone major changes, based on application of the principles of antimicrobial stewardship and increased availability of susceptibility testing. […] Health care providers should ask their patients about any prior antibiotic use or exposure, and take that information into consideration in the choice of a treatment regimen. […] A Cochrane meta-analysis of 55 studies concluded that 14 days is the optimal duration of triple therapy, achieving an H pylori eradication rate of 81.9%, whereas 7 days attains an eradication rate of only 72.9%. […] Rifabutin-based regimens are recommended as rescue or salvage therapies when first-line agents fail.

• #25 Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172395-overview

  Concomitant therapy is better for clarithromycin-resistant strains, and 14 days of concomitant therapy is superior to 14-day triple therapy, with cure rates of 90%. […] Bismuth-based therapy is an alternative first-line therapy (in areas with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance, and in patients with prior macrolide exposure or penicillin-allergic) or second-line therapy. […] Second-line therapy should avoid repeating first-line regimens that were already used, and should incorporate at least one different antibiotic. […] Before initiating rescue/third-line therapy, send ulcer biopsy specimen for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. […] The preferred treatments for patients who have received a clarithromycin-containing first-line regimen are bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin-salvage combination therapy.

• #26 Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0200/peptic-ulcer-disease-h-pylori-infection.html

  Patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years and do not have alarm symptoms should be offered noninvasive Helicobacter pylori testing, with treatment if positive. […] Bismuth quadruple therapy (PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole [Flagyl] or tinidazole) or concomitant therapy (nonbismuth quadruple therapy; PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole or tinidazole) is the recommended first-line treatment for H. pylori infection. […] Patients who are at high risk of NSAID-induced peptic ulcer disease and are unable to stop NSAIDs should be tested for H. pylori, with treatment if positive. […] The test-and-treat strategy for H. pylori infection is the mainstay of outpatient management in symptomatic patients who are younger than 60 years, do not have alarm symptoms, and are at low risk of gastric cancer.

• #27 Management of Helicobacter pylori in 2023: who should be tested, treated, and how | This Changed My Practice (TCMP) by UBC CPD

  https://thischangedmypractice.com/management-of-helicobacter-pylori/

  The conventional triple combination of a PPI, clarithromycin (Cl), and either amoxicillin (A) or metronidazole (Met) is no longer recommended because its success rates have decreased to less than 60%. […] The new recommended first-line therapy is called concomitant or ClAMet (using the initials of clarithromycin (Cl), amoxicillin (A), and metronidazole (Met)) given for 14 days. […] It is important that patients get a clear explanation about these treatments, preferably with a handout. […] It is generally recommended to test whether treatment was successful. […] Given that none of the current H. pylori therapies are 100% successful it is my practice to always test whether cure has been received after each treatment.

• #28 Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172395-overview

  Regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection are typically chosen empirically, on the basis of regional bacterial resistance patterns, local recommendations, and drug availability. […] Therapy for H pylori infection has undergone major changes, based on application of the principles of antimicrobial stewardship and increased availability of susceptibility testing. […] Health care providers should ask their patients about any prior antibiotic use or exposure, and take that information into consideration in the choice of a treatment regimen. […] A Cochrane meta-analysis of 55 studies concluded that 14 days is the optimal duration of triple therapy, achieving an H pylori eradication rate of 81.9%, whereas 7 days attains an eradication rate of only 72.9%. […] Rifabutin-based regimens are recommended as rescue or salvage therapies when first-line agents fail.

• #29 Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172395-overview

  Concomitant therapy is better for clarithromycin-resistant strains, and 14 days of concomitant therapy is superior to 14-day triple therapy, with cure rates of 90%. […] Bismuth-based therapy is an alternative first-line therapy (in areas with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance, and in patients with prior macrolide exposure or penicillin-allergic) or second-line therapy. […] Second-line therapy should avoid repeating first-line regimens that were already used, and should incorporate at least one different antibiotic. […] Before initiating rescue/third-line therapy, send ulcer biopsy specimen for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. […] The preferred treatments for patients who have received a clarithromycin-containing first-line regimen are bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin-salvage combination therapy.

• #30 Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0200/peptic-ulcer-disease-h-pylori-infection.html

  Successful H. pylori eradication with the initial treatment course is becoming more difficult because of increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance. […] If first-line eradication therapy fails, all three consensus groups recommend salvage (rescue) therapy with bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin triple therapy, if not previously used. […] A test of cure is recommended using the urea breath test or stool antigen test four weeks after completion of therapy and at least two weeks after stopping PPIs in those with persistent dyspepsia or a known ulcer, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue tumor, or gastric cancer. […] Among patients who are positive for H. pylori, those taking NSAIDs are more likely to develop peptic ulcers and bleeding ulcers. […] Eradicating H. pylori in NSAID users is more effective and should be offered if the patient is positive.

• #31 Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment: Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172395-overview

  Concomitant therapy is better for clarithromycin-resistant strains, and 14 days of concomitant therapy is superior to 14-day triple therapy, with cure rates of 90%. […] Bismuth-based therapy is an alternative first-line therapy (in areas with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance, and in patients with prior macrolide exposure or penicillin-allergic) or second-line therapy. […] Second-line therapy should avoid repeating first-line regimens that were already used, and should incorporate at least one different antibiotic. […] Before initiating rescue/third-line therapy, send ulcer biopsy specimen for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. […] The preferred treatments for patients who have received a clarithromycin-containing first-line regimen are bismuth quadruple therapy or levofloxacin-salvage combination therapy.

• #32 Patient education: Helicobacter pylori infection and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics

  Anyone diagnosed with H. pylori should be treated. H. pylori treatment helps to heal the ulcer, lowers the risk that the ulcer will return, and lowers the risk of bleeding from the ulcer. […] Most people are cured after finishing two weeks of medicine. Some people need to take another two weeks of medicine. It is important to finish all of the medicine to ensure that the bacteria are killed. […] Guidelines recommend that all patients treated for H. pylori undergo a breath or stool test two weeks after finishing the medication.

• #33 H. Pylori Infection: How Do You Get, Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21463-h-pylori-infection

  H. pylori is a bacteria that can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). Its the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis). H. pylori multiply in the mucus layer of the stomach lining and duodenum. The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer. H. pylori-caused ulcers are treated with a combination of antibiotics and an acid-reducing proton pump inhibitor. If you dont have symptoms, you dont need to be treated. If you’ve been diagnosed with H. pylori, avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs can increase your risk of developing an ulcer. Combination treatment is usually taken for 14 days. You can lower your risk of H. pylori infection if you: Drink clean water and use clean water during food preparation. (This is especially important if you live in areas of the world known to have a contaminated water supply.) Wash your hands thoroughly (20 seconds) with soap and water before eating and after using the bathroom. If your child follows the treatment plan and takes all medication to its completion, the chance that an infection would return within three years is less than 10%. In addition, treatment may heal stomach ulcers. It can takes weeks to months for symptoms to completely go away. Your healthcare provider will repeat a breath and/or stool test after waiting at least two weeks after proton pump inhibitor treatment has finished and four weeks after completing antibiotic treatment.

• #34 Diagnosis and Management of H pylori Infection

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/721198

  Patients with positive test results should undergo eradication therapy. […] Unless there is a high local rate of resistance to clarithromycin, appropriate first-line treatment is triple therapy using a proton-pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin, each given twice per day for 7 to 14 days. […] When the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H pylori infection exceeds 20%, an alternative initial treatment regimen is quadruple therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor, tetracycline, metronidazole, and a bismuth salt for 10 to 14 days. […] Eradication of H pylori infection should be confirmed in patients who have had an H pylori-associated ulcer or gastric MALT lymphoma or who have undergone resection for early gastric cancer. […] When treatment fails to eradicate H pylori infection, therapeutic options include empiric acid-inhibitory therapy, endoscopy to detect underlying ulcer or another cause of symptoms, and subsequent use of the noninvasive test-and-treat strategy.

• #35

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Most stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #36 H. Pylori Bacterial Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.h-pylori-bacterial-infection-care-instructions.uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #37 Helicobacter Pylori Infection Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176938-treatment

  Only treat patients who have a positive test result for H pylori infection. The optimal timing of H pylori eradication in asymptomatic persons is during the period when the mucosal damage remains nonatrophic. […] Carefully educate patients regarding the importance of completing the prescription and about the potential adverse effects of the medications. […] Importantly, consider possible antibiotic resistance when selecting the treatment regimen. Note that surgery is not required for patients with H pylori infection, but it may be considered in patients with severe complications, such as cancer. […] The US Food and Drug Administration has approved several regimens, which are accepted internationally, for the treatment of H pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease, both gastric and duodenal.

• #38

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Most stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #39

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Most stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #40 H. Pylori Bacterial Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.h-pylori-bacterial-infection-care-instructions.uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #41

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Most stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #42 H. Pylori Bacterial Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.h-pylori-bacterial-infection-care-instructions.uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #43 H. Pylori Infection | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/h-pylori-infection

  If the doctor prescribed antibiotics for your child, give them as directed. Do not stop using them just because your child feels better. Your child needs to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, have your child take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think your child is having a problem with their medicine. […] Keep your child away from smoke. Do not smoke or let anyone else smoke around your child or in your house. Smoke slows the healing of your child’s ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Do not give your child ibuprofen, aspirin, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. If your child needs pain medicine, try acetaminophen (Tylenol).

• #44 4 Peptic Ulcer Disease Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/peptic-ulcer-disease-nursing-care-plans/

  Predisposing factors of peptic ulcer include infection with the gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori which may be acquired through the ingestion of food and water, excessive HCL secretion in the stomach, chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which weakens the lining of the GI tract by reducing the protective function of the mucosal layer, increased stress associated with illness and surgery, alcohol ingestion and excessive cigarette smoking. […] Antibiotics treat the Helicobacter pylori infection and promote the healing of the ulcer. As the ulcer heals, the client experience less pain.

• #45 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-peptic-ulcer-disease-pud

  Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is a primary cause of peptic ulcers. […] Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium, is a major cause of peptic ulcers. […] H. pylori colonizes the stomach lining and produces substances that weaken the mucosal defense, making it more susceptible to damage from gastric acid. […] Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection through antibiotic therapy. […] Patient understanding of the importance of medication adherence, particularly for antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and other prescribed medications. […] The pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is responsible for approx 90% of all peptic ulcers reported. […] Antibiotics commonly given to treat H. pylori infection.

• #46 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  Medication doses should be calculated based on the weight of the child, and a higher dose of PPI per kg body weight is recommended to suppress acid in younger children sufficiently compared to adolescents and adults. […] Development of resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem that varies from region to region. […] H. pylori testing is recommended in children having first-degree relatives with gastric cancer. […] A phase 3 clinical trial in children in China documented the efficacy and safety of an oral recombinant H. pylori vaccine.

• #47 H. Pylori | Helicobacter Pylori Infections | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of peptic ulcers, and it can also cause gastritis and stomach cancer. […] If you have the symptoms of a peptic ulcer, your health care provider will check to see whether you have H. pylori. There are blood, breath, and stool tests to check for H. pylori. In some cases, you may need an upper endoscopy, often with a biopsy. […] If you do have a peptic ulcer, the treatment is with a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines. You will need to be tested again after treatment to make sure the infection is gone. […] There is no vaccine for H. pylori. Since H. pylori might spread through unclean food and water, you might be able to prevent it if you: Wash your hands after using the bathroom and before eating, Eat properly prepared food, Drink water from a clean, safe source.

• #48 Helicobacter Pylori: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/dyspepsia-indigestion/helicobacter-pylori

  H. pylori is thought to cause cancer by causing chronic (long-lasting) inflammation of the lining of the stomach, which can cause stomach cells to develop into cancer cells. […] However, given the theories on how it spreads, general hygiene measures may help to lower the risk of H. pylori infection: Washing hands thoroughly before eating, before preparing food, and after using the toilet.

• #49 H. Pylori | Helicobacter Pylori Infections | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of peptic ulcers, and it can also cause gastritis and stomach cancer. […] If you have the symptoms of a peptic ulcer, your health care provider will check to see whether you have H. pylori. There are blood, breath, and stool tests to check for H. pylori. In some cases, you may need an upper endoscopy, often with a biopsy. […] If you do have a peptic ulcer, the treatment is with a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines. You will need to be tested again after treatment to make sure the infection is gone. […] There is no vaccine for H. pylori. Since H. pylori might spread through unclean food and water, you might be able to prevent it if you: Wash your hands after using the bathroom and before eating, Eat properly prepared food, Drink water from a clean, safe source.

• #50 H. Pylori Infection: How Do You Get, Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21463-h-pylori-infection

  H. pylori is a bacteria that can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastritis. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). Its the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis). H. pylori multiply in the mucus layer of the stomach lining and duodenum. The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer. H. pylori-caused ulcers are treated with a combination of antibiotics and an acid-reducing proton pump inhibitor. If you dont have symptoms, you dont need to be treated. If you’ve been diagnosed with H. pylori, avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs can increase your risk of developing an ulcer. Combination treatment is usually taken for 14 days. You can lower your risk of H. pylori infection if you: Drink clean water and use clean water during food preparation. (This is especially important if you live in areas of the world known to have a contaminated water supply.) Wash your hands thoroughly (20 seconds) with soap and water before eating and after using the bathroom. If your child follows the treatment plan and takes all medication to its completion, the chance that an infection would return within three years is less than 10%. In addition, treatment may heal stomach ulcers. It can takes weeks to months for symptoms to completely go away. Your healthcare provider will repeat a breath and/or stool test after waiting at least two weeks after proton pump inhibitor treatment has finished and four weeks after completing antibiotic treatment.

• #51 H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori) — No Stomach For Cancer

  https://nostomachforcancer.org/about-stomach-cancer/risks-genetics-prevention-of-stomach-cancer/h-pylori-helicobacter-pylori/

  Helicobacter pylori bacteria are present in contaminated food and water. Therefore, avoiding these sources (e.g., floodwater, raw sewage.) is important. Washing hands thoroughly with warm, soapy water after using the restroom and before eating also may help prevent infection. Eating utensils and drinking glasses should never be shared since the bacteria can be spread through saliva. […] Treatment Name: Clarithromycin triple therapy; Description of drugs: Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, amoxicillin/metronidazole; Time Period: 14 days; Suggested for: Regions where H. pylori clarithromycin resistance is 15% and in patients with no history of macrolide exposure. […] Treatment Name: Bismuth quadruple therapy; Description of drugs: PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, nitroimidazole; Time Period: 10-14 days; Suggested for: Patients with previous macrolide exposure or who are allergic to penicillin.

• #52

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/september-2024/new-american-guidelines-for-helicobacter-pylori-treatment

  New guidelines also stress the importance of antibiotic sensitivity testing. This helps identify which antibiotics will be most effective, especially as resistance to common treatments increases. […] The new guidelines provide different treatment options for first-time patients and those with persistent infections, aiming to improve effectiveness by overcoming antibiotic resistance. […] After completing treatment, it is critical to confirm the infection has been eradicated. Testing, usually done four weeks post-treatment, includes: Urea breath test, Stool antigen test, Biopsy-based tests. Ensuring the bacteria is eradicated helps prevent long-term complications, such as peptic ulcers or gastric cancer. […] Testing is recommended for high-risk individuals, including: People with a history of peptic ulcers or active ulcers, Those with unexplained iron deficiency anemia, Patients with a family history of gastric cancer or premalignant gastric conditions, Individuals on long-term NSAID use or experiencing functional dyspepsia, Adults living with someone who has tested positive for H. pylori.

• #53 H. Pylori (Helicobacter pylori) — No Stomach For Cancer

  https://nostomachforcancer.org/about-stomach-cancer/risks-genetics-prevention-of-stomach-cancer/h-pylori-helicobacter-pylori/

  The stool antigen test and urea breath test are recommended for the diagnosis of an H. pylori infection and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment. These tests are the most frequently performed because they are fast and noninvasive. Endoscopy-related tests may also be performed to diagnose and evaluate H. pylori but are less frequently performed because they are invasive. […] There is an association between long-term infection with H. pylori and the development of gastric cancer. Globally, 80% of the 1 million new cases annually are attributed to the treatable infection. […] Living with someone who has an H. pylori infection increases the risk of infection. People may also be infected if someone who prepares their food does not wash their hands properly. Those who have an immediate relative with a history of gastric cancer are also at increased risk for infection.

• #54 Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection: Common Questions and Answers | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/0200/peptic-ulcer-disease-h-pylori-infection.html

  Patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years and do not have alarm symptoms should be offered noninvasive Helicobacter pylori testing, with treatment if positive. […] Bismuth quadruple therapy (PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole [Flagyl] or tinidazole) or concomitant therapy (nonbismuth quadruple therapy; PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole or tinidazole) is the recommended first-line treatment for H. pylori infection. […] Patients who are at high risk of NSAID-induced peptic ulcer disease and are unable to stop NSAIDs should be tested for H. pylori, with treatment if positive. […] The test-and-treat strategy for H. pylori infection is the mainstay of outpatient management in symptomatic patients who are younger than 60 years, do not have alarm symptoms, and are at low risk of gastric cancer.

• #55 Management of Helicobacter pylori in 2023: who should be tested, treated, and how | This Changed My Practice (TCMP) by UBC CPD

  https://thischangedmypractice.com/management-of-helicobacter-pylori/

  If they turn out to be H. pylori positive it is important to continue PPI therapy after the 14-day anti-Helicobacter treatment, for at least 8-16 weeks, to ensure adequate healing of the ulcer. […] There is evidence that anti-Helicobacter therapy is effective in the treatment of H. pylori positive gastric or duodenal ulcers. […] There is definite evidence that a test and treat strategy for H. pylori is efficacious in patients who present with dyspepsia symptoms in primary care. […] The diagnosis of GERD can be made based on the presence of dominant symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation. […] It is recommended that all 1st degree relatives of gastric cancer patients are tested and, if positive, treated for Helicobacter, especially if the index case occurred at a younger age.

• #56 Helicobacter pylori infection in older people

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i21/6364.htm

  Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as the major cause of gastroduodenal disorders three decades ago, H. pylori has been the focus of active research and debate in the scientific community. […] Although this infection plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal disorders affecting all age groups and in particular older people, only a few studies have been published regarding the latter. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and therapy of H. pylori infection in elderly people. […] Helicobacter pylori testing and treatment should be regarded as an important goal in clinical practice in elderly people, but only a few studies have been published to date. […] These findings suggest that in elderly people it is advisable to obtain gastric biopsies at least from both the antrum and corpus of the stomach, and to perform a second test for H. pylori if a urease-based or histological test is negative, and it is mandatory to suspend antisecretory drugs at least 10 d prior to the tests.

• #57 Helicobacter pylori infection in older people

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i21/6364.htm

  In elderly high-risk patients, however, the use of PPIs concomitantly with NSAIDs reduces the occurrence of NSAID-related gastroduodenal damage more effectively than the eradication of H. pylori infection. […] All these findings suggest that H. pylori eradication would surely be a useful strategy, but it is not sufficient for the prevention of severe gastroduodenal damage in elderly H. pylori-positive patients and NSAID and aspirin users. […] The current recommendations confirm that the standard methods for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection could be safe and effective in elderly patients.

• #58 Helicobacter pylori Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/h-pylori.html

  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are a type of bacteria. These germs are a common cause of digestive illnesses, including: gastritis: the irritation and inflammation of the stomach lining, peptic ulcers (often called stomach ulcers): sores in the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, later in life, stomach cancer. […] Many people who get an H. pylori infection dont realize it. Often, these infections dont cause symptoms. […] Doctors use antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections. A single antibiotic may not kill the bacteria, so doctors often prescribe a combination of antibiotics. To ease problems from stomach acids, doctors usually also give antacids or acid-suppressing drugs. […] H. pylori infection can be cured with antibiotics. So the most important thing parents can do is to give their child the antibiotic medicine as directed for as long as the doctor prescribed.

• #59 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  Medication doses should be calculated based on the weight of the child, and a higher dose of PPI per kg body weight is recommended to suppress acid in younger children sufficiently compared to adolescents and adults. […] Development of resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem that varies from region to region. […] H. pylori testing is recommended in children having first-degree relatives with gastric cancer. […] A phase 3 clinical trial in children in China documented the efficacy and safety of an oral recombinant H. pylori vaccine.

• #60 H. Pylori Infection | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/h-pylori-infection

  If the doctor prescribed antibiotics for your child, give them as directed. Do not stop using them just because your child feels better. Your child needs to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, have your child take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think your child is having a problem with their medicine. […] Keep your child away from smoke. Do not smoke or let anyone else smoke around your child or in your house. Smoke slows the healing of your child’s ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Do not give your child ibuprofen, aspirin, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. If your child needs pain medicine, try acetaminophen (Tylenol).

• #61 Helicobacter pylori Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/h-pylori.html

  Call your doctor right away if your child has any of these symptoms: severe belly pain, vomit that’s bloody or looks like coffee grounds, poop that’s bloody, black, or looks like tar, lasting gnawing or burning pain in the area below the ribs that gets better after eating, drinking milk, or taking antacids.

• #62 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  H. pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can infect humans. […] This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of H. pylori and explains the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with these conditions. […] Outline the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by Helicobacter pylori infections. […] H. pylori infection is diagnosed by both invasive and non-invasive methods. Noninvasive tests include the detection of H. pylori antigens in the stool, detection of antibodies against H. pylori in serum, urine and oral samples, and a urea breath test (UBT). […] To achieve a higher eradication rate following H. pylori infection, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) have updated the treatment guidelines for children and adolescents.

• #63 Diagnosis and Management of H pylori Infection

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/721198

  This article is intended for primary care clinicians, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, and other specialists who care for patients with dyspepsia or Helicobacter pylori infection. […] The goal of this activity is to provide medical news to primary care clinicians and other healthcare professionals in order to enhance patient care. […] Describe treatment strategies for Helicobacter pylori infection and differences between US and European guidelines. […] Routine testing for H pylori infection is not recommended because the vast majority of patients with this infection do not have any associated clinical disease. […] However, confirmed gastric or duodenal ulcers and gastric MALT lymphoma are definite indications for detecting and treating H pylori infection. […] For younger patients with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms but without alarm symptoms such as weight loss, persistent vomiting, or gastrointestinal tract bleeding, it is reasonable to use a noninvasive test-and-treat strategy for H pylori infection.

• #64 Diagnosis and Management of H pylori Infection

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/721198

  Data from randomized trials are lacking to guide the care of patients whose symptoms persist after completion of H. pylori eradication therapy for uninvestigated dyspepsia. […] The effect of eradication of H. pylori infection on the risk of gastric cancer is unclear but is currently under study. […] This is a review of risk factors, diagnostic tests, and treatment strategies for H pylori infection. […] Triple therapy is the initial choice of treatment of H pylori infection followed by quadruple or sequential therapy.

• #65 ACG Guideline on Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: New Recommendations… Will Practice Change? – American College of Gastroenterology

  https://gi.org/journals-publications/ebgi/schoenfeld_sep2024/

  Optimized bismuth-based quadruple therapy (BQT) for 14-days is the recommended therapy for treatment-naïve patients as well as treatment-experienced patients who failed to eradicate H. pylori with an initial course of PPI-clarithromycin triple therapy. […] The guideline specifically recommends against using PPI-clarithromycin triple therapy unless antibiotic sensitivity has been performed and clarithromycin-sensitivity has been proven. […] The key concepts section also emphasizes that proof of H. pylori eradication is required in all patients after treatment by obtaining a fecal antigen test, urea breath testing, or gastric biopsy. […] Finally, the authors recommend expanding the indications for testing and treating H. pylori to include individuals at increased risk of gastric cancer, individuals with atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia, and household members of adults with H. pylori infection based on non-serologic testing.

• #66

  https://www.bumrungrad.com/en/health-blog/september-2024/new-american-guidelines-for-helicobacter-pylori-treatment

  As antibiotic resistance grows, treating H. pylori is evolving toward precision medicine. New therapies like rifabutin triple therapy and PCAB-amoxicillin dual therapy offer alternatives to traditional treatments. The guidelines also emphasize antibiotic susceptibility testing to personalize treatment and improve eradication rates. […] If you have been diagnosed with H. pylori or are at risk, it is essential to stay informed about the latest treatment options. The new guidelines provide updated, effective therapies to combat rising antibiotic resistance, helping patients reduce their risk of complications and ensuring they receive the best possible care. […] At Bumrungrad International Hospital, we provide cutting-edge care for patients with H. pylori infection. Our team of specialists uses the latest diagnostic tools and treatments to ensure the best outcomes for our patients.

• #67 Updated Clinical Guidelines Outline Optimal Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection

  https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/updated-clinical-guidelines-outline-optimal-treatment-of-helicobacter-pylori-infection

  Bismuth quadruple therapy remains the preferred treatment for both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients, especially with penicillin allergies. […] Testing for cure is essential, using urea breath or fecal antigen tests four weeks post-treatment, ensuring proton pump inhibitors are stopped two weeks prior. […] Treatment-naive patients are classified as someone with an active H. pylori infection (e.g. positive nonserological test) that has no history of prior treatment. […] Treatment-experienced patients are those with persistent infection despite prior treatment attempts. […] BQT remains the preferred option for treatment-experienced patients, but if patients were previously on optimized BQT, rifabutin therapy is a considerable alternative. […] With H. pylori eradication rates declining over the years, a test of cure is essential to help identify individuals with persistent infection. The updated guidelines recommend performing a urea breath test or fecal antigen test at least 4 weeks following treatment.

• #68 H. pylori: Natural Treatments Explained

  https://www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/h-pylori-natural-treatment

  Some natural treatments, including probiotics and broccoli sprouts, may help reduce the number of H. pylori bacteria in your stomach. However, eradicating the bacteria typically requires antibiotics. […] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the lining of your stomach. […] Some people are resistant to antibiotics, which can complicate traditional approaches to treatment. As a result, interest in natural treatments for H. pylori infection is growing. These may be used in addition to conventional, prescribed treatments. […] Be sure to talk with your doctor before beginning a natural treatment regimen. You shouldnt replace your recommended treatment for H. pylori with natural remedies. […] H. pylori infections can be asymptomatic. Many people with H. pylori dont know they have it. However, this bacteria can cause duodenal and peptic ulcers, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms such as burning pain in the abdomen, bloating, nausea, loss of appetite, frequent burping, and unexplained weight loss.

• #69 H. pylori: Natural Treatments Explained

  https://www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/h-pylori-natural-treatment

  Its also a risk factor for stomach cancer. […] Eradication rates of H. pylori are high when antibiotic treatment is used. Rates are highest when antibiotics are combined with an acid reducer. That said, adding natural treatments may offer additional healing benefits. […] With your doctors approval, you can try natural treatments as adjuvant therapy. […] Probiotics help maintain the balance between good and bad gut bacteria. According to a 2020 study, taking probiotics before or after standard H. pylori treatment may improve eradication rates. […] Honey has been found to have antibacterial abilities against H. pylori. A systematic review supports this conclusion. […] Olive oil is effective in reducing the growth of H. pylori and may help prevent the infection. […] A 2020 review found that licorice root increased the eradication rate of H. pylori and has an antibacterial effect.

• #70 H. pylori: Natural Treatments Explained

  https://www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/h-pylori-natural-treatment

  In human studies, daily consumption of broccoli sprouts reduced H. pylori colonization and gastric inflammation, with some cases resulting in complete eradication of the bacteria. […] Phototherapy uses ultraviolet light to help eliminate H. pylori in the stomach. […] The antioxidant and antimicrobial action of curcumin led the authors to suggest that adding curcumin to a combination of medications that include antibiotics can be beneficial. […] Doctors typically prescribe a combination of two antibiotics and an acid-reducing drug to treat H. pylori. This is known as triple therapy. […] If you test positive for H. pylori, the sooner you start treatment, the better. Natural treatments arent likely to harm you, but they arent proven to eliminate the infection. Dont use them instead of conventional treatments without your doctors supervision. If youre diagnosed with H. pylori, complete your full course of treatment to reduce your risk of recurrence.

• #71 H. Pylori Bacterial Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.h-pylori-bacterial-infection-care-instructions.uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #72

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3180

  Your test shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a kind of bacterium that lives in the lining of the stomach. […] Most stomach ulcers are caused by H. pylori. […] Antibiotic medicine can cure an H. pylori infection. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] If your doctor prescribes other medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. […] Do not smoke. Smoking slows the healing of your ulcer and can make an ulcer come back. […] Limit how much alcohol you drink. Alcohol can slow healing of an ulcer and can make your symptoms worse. […] Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, or other anti-inflammatory medicines, because they can irritate the stomach. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you do not get better as expected.

• #73 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-peptic-ulcer-disease-pud

  Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is a primary cause of peptic ulcers. […] Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium, is a major cause of peptic ulcers. […] H. pylori colonizes the stomach lining and produces substances that weaken the mucosal defense, making it more susceptible to damage from gastric acid. […] Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection through antibiotic therapy. […] Patient understanding of the importance of medication adherence, particularly for antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and other prescribed medications. […] The pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is responsible for approx 90% of all peptic ulcers reported. […] Antibiotics commonly given to treat H. pylori infection.

• #74 Helicobacter Pylori – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534233/

  H. pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can infect humans. […] This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of H. pylori and explains the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with these conditions. […] Outline the importance of collaboration and communication among the interprofessional team members to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by Helicobacter pylori infections. […] H. pylori infection is diagnosed by both invasive and non-invasive methods. Noninvasive tests include the detection of H. pylori antigens in the stool, detection of antibodies against H. pylori in serum, urine and oral samples, and a urea breath test (UBT). […] To achieve a higher eradication rate following H. pylori infection, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) have updated the treatment guidelines for children and adolescents.

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