Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Histoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448185/

  Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis in the United States. […] Often the infections are asymptomatic, but a granulomatous inflammation results in pulmonary disease akin to pulmonary tuberculosis. […] Primary infections are frequently asymptomatic, or the patients tend to ignore mild flu-like symptoms. The major determinant of symptoms is the inoculum size. The typical incubation period is seven to 21 days. High fever, headache, nonproductive cough, and chest pain are the main symptoms. […] During primary infection, about 6% of patients develop acute pericarditis. […] Patients living in the endemic area may have recurrent exposures to the H. capsulatum. The onset of illness is sooner, within three days and the duration of the illness is brief in repeat exposures. […] Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis can present as cavitary or noncavitary disease.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495

  Most people with histoplasmosis never develop symptoms and aren’t aware they’re infected. […] The mildest forms of histoplasmosis cause no signs or symptoms. But severe infections can be life-threatening. When signs and symptoms occur, they usually appear 3 to 17 days after exposure and can include: Fever, Chills, Headache, Muscle aches, Dry cough, Chest pain, Tiredness. […] Some people with histoplasmosis also get joint pain and a rash. People who have a lung disease, such as emphysema, can develop chronic histoplasmosis. […] Signs of chronic histoplasmosis can include weight loss and a bloody cough. Chronic histoplasmosis symptoms sometimes mimic those of tuberculosis. […] The most severe variety of histoplasmosis occurs mainly in infants and in people with weakened immune systems. Called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can affect nearly any part of your body, including your mouth, liver, central nervous system, skin and adrenal glands. If untreated, disseminated histoplasmosis is usually fatal.

• #1 Symptoms of Histoplasmosis | Histoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/histoplasmosis/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Histoplasmosis is a lung infection, or pneumonia. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. […] Severe infections can spread to other parts of the body or to the brain (meningitis). […] Symptoms of histoplasmosis appear between 3-17 days after breathing in the fungal spores. Most of the time these symptoms are mild and go away on their own within a few days to a month. […] In severe cases it can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, including the brain (meningitis). […] Some people with signs of POHS in their eyes never have any symptoms. Other people can lose their vision because of it. […] This condition can cause vision loss.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Most people do not have symptoms, but some feel sick and have a fever and cough, sometimes with difficulty breathing. […] Symptoms usually appear 3 to 17 days after people inhale the spores. People may feel sick, have a fever and a cough, and feel as though they have the flu. Symptoms usually disappear without treatment in 2 weeks and rarely last longer than 6 weeks. […] People who inhale many spores may develop pneumonia. They may become very short of breath and be ill for months. […] Symptoms are vague at first. People may feel tired, weak, and generally ill. Symptoms may worsen very slowly or extremely rapidly. […] This lung infection develops gradually over several weeks, causing a cough and difficulty breathing that become increasingly worse. Symptoms include weight loss, night sweats, a mild fever, and a general feeling of illness (malaise).

• #1

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis infection is often so mild that it produces no clear symptoms. Any symptoms are often like those from a common cold. In fact, if you had histoplasmosis symptoms, you might think you just had a cold or flu. This is because the bodys immune system normally beats the infection in a few days without treatment. […] POHS often has no symptoms in its early stages. You can have POHS without knowing it. Tiny scars called histo spots remain at the infection sites after the inflammation is gone. These histo spots can be the only way to tell you had the infection. Histo spots do not generally affect vision. Although ophthalmologists dont know why, they can cause complications years or even decades later. We do know that there is a connection between histo spots and the growth of abnormal blood vessels underneath the retina.

• #1 Histoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24811-histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis often doesnt cause noticeable symptoms. Rarely, it causes fever, cough and shortness of breath that can go on for a long time or spread to other parts of your body. […] In about 10% of people who are infected with the fungus, it causes symptoms similar to pneumonia, including fever, cough and shortness of breath. […] Chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis can additionally cause night sweats and weight loss. In up to 90% of people, breathing in H. capsulatum doesnt cause any symptoms, or their symptoms resolve on their own (self-limiting). […] Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis happens when H. capsulatum spreads from your lungs to many other parts of your body. It can cause progressive shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss and skin ulcers. […] If you have a healthy immune system and no underlying conditions, histoplasmosis could go away on its own. But left untreated, it sometimes can spread to other parts of your body, especially if your immune system isnt working as it should. It can cause lung damage in people with underlying lung disease.

• #1 Histoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-clinical

  Approximately 90% of patients are asymptomatic. If symptoms develop, onset occurs 3-14 days after exposure. […] Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, abdominal pain, and chills are common symptoms; usually, histoplasmosis is self-limited. […] Individuals exposed to a large inoculum may develop severe dyspnea resulting from diffuse pulmonary involvement. […] Symptoms vary depending on duration of illness. The acute form may produce fever, worsening cough, weight loss, malaise, and dyspnea. […] The subacute form is associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms that may occur as a result of dissemination and subacute expression in the affected organs. […] Aside from constitutional symptoms, gastrointestinal involvement may produce diarrhea and abdominal pain. […] Cardiac involvement resulting in valvular disease, cardiac insufficiency, or vegetations may produce dyspnea, peripheral edema, angina, and fever.

• #1 Overview of Histoplasmosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/1215/p2247.html

  Fever is the most common symptom; however, headache, anorexia, weight loss, and malaise are frequent complaints. Cough is present in less than one half of cases, and gastrointestinal problems are rare. […] The majority of people with normal immunity who develop histoplasmosis manifest an asymptomatic or clinically insignificant infection. […] Symptomatic illness is primarily caused by an intense exposure (e.g., cleaning an attic or a chicken coop), and the severity of disease is related to the number of spores inhaled. […] Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis manifests as a diverse clinical spectrum ranging from a brief period of malaise to a severe, protracted illness. Common symptoms include fever, headache, nonproductive cough, chills, pleuritic chest pain, weight loss, malaise, myalgias, and sweats. […] Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is associated with preexisting abnormal lung architecture, especially emphysema, and occurs most commonly in white, middle-aged men. Symptoms (malaise, productive cough, fever, and night sweats) are similar to those of tuberculosis but are usually less severe.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Most people recover without treatment. However, breathing difficulties may continue to worsen, and some people cough up blood, sometimes in large amounts. Lung tissue is destroyed, and scar tissue forms. Lung damage or bacterial invasion of the lungs may eventually be fatal. […] Acute primary histoplasmosis almost always goes away without treatment. […] Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis can be fatal. […] Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a death rate of greater than 90%.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448185/

  Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis can also be classified as acute, sub-acute or chronic. This classification is based on the symptomatology. If the acute pulmonary infection becomes protracted and progresses to disseminated disease, it is considered acute progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. […] Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis can be mild, moderate or severe based on the acuity and gravity of the symptoms. […] If untreated, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is 100% fatal.

• #1 Histoplasmosis Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/histoplasmosis/symptoms-diagnosis

  In most cases, histoplasmosis causes mild flu-like symptoms that appear between 3 and 17 days after exposure to the fungus. These symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, cough and chest discomfort. In these milder forms, most symptoms go away on their own in a few weeks or within a month. […] If the exposure is significant, or you are at higher risk, symptoms may progress and become more severe. You most likely will develop a cough and begin to bring up thick, yellow sputum or blood. You may experience shortness of breath and could eventually show signs of respiratory failure. […] If histoplasmosis spreads throughout the body, for example to the brain and spinal cord, you can suffer from complications. These include enlarged spleen and liver, gastrointestinal bleeding, lip and mouth ulcerations and decreased white and red blood cells leading to bone marrow failure.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/histoplasmosis

  Severe pneumonia is rare, but patients with AIDS may develop severe acute pneumonia with hypoxia, as well as hypotension, mental status changes, coagulopathy, or rhabdomyolysis. […] The acute primary form of histoplasmosis is almost always self-limited; however, very rarely, death occurs after massive infection. […] Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis can cause death due to severe respiratory insufficiency. […] Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a mortality rate of 90%.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/histoplasmosis/

  symptoms of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis may include […] Common manifestations: Flu-like illness (fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache). Nonproductive cough, sometimes with dyspnea. […] Severe pneumonia may occur: Causes of severe pneumonia: (1) Massive exposure (e.g., cleaning chicken coop or attic). (2) Immunosuppression. Clinically this may cause high fevers, dyspnea, and cough. Pneumonia may progress to cause ARDS. […] symptoms of chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis (CCPH) include: Constitutional symptoms (fever, anorexia, weight loss). Cough productive of purulent sputum, or hemoptysis. Dyspnea. Pleuritic chest pain. […] the tempo of the disease may vary widely: (1) Insidious consumptive process is most common: Immunocompetent patients tend to have an insidious onset. Even among immunocompromised patients, onset may be insidious. (2) PDH may cause a rapidly fatal sepsis syndrome that includes ARDS and DIC. Deterioration may be driven by underlying HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis). […] manifestations may include: Constitutional symptoms: Insidious onset may cause low-grade fever, night sweats, and weight loss. More aggressive disease onset may cause high fevers. […] Pulmonary involvement may vary from no involvement to ARDS. Symptoms can include dyspnea and cough.

• #1 Histoplasmosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/histoplasmosis

  In people with immature or weak immune systems, histoplasmosis can turn into a serious infection. It can spread to organs outside the lungs and lead to life-threatening complications. […] Symptoms of serious disease are often nonspecific. They can progress slowly or very quickly. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these symptoms of severe histoplasmosis including: Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or pain with deep breathing or coughing, Mental status changes, Mouth ulcers, Muscle pain or dark urine, Stiff neck or severe headache, Weakness, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss. […] Treatment generally takes several weeks. In some cases, treatment may be necessary for up to two years. […] For people with severe infections, histoplasmosis can be fatal. Without treatment, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis kills more than 90% of people. However, among hospitalized patients with histoplasmosis, the death rate is about 8%.

• #1 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

  https://www.asrs.org/patients/retinal-diseases/18/presumed-ocular-histoplasmosis-syndrome

  Histo spots are considered the earliest stage of the disease. Less than 5% of individuals with histo spots will develop neovascularization in the central macula. Because the histo spots themselves usually do not cause symptoms, patients typically do not develop symptoms until neovascularization grows in the central macula. Symptoms include painless progressive blurring of central vision and wavy vision (metamorphosia), which can be sudden or develop slowly. […] The histoplasmosis infection usually does not cause symptoms throughout the body, so most people never realize they have histoplasmosis scars, or histo spots, in their retina. The scars can later lead to neovascularization in the macula resulting in visual loss. This occurs most frequently in the second to fifth decade of life. If neovascularization is treated early, before advanced scarring develops in the central macula, the prognosis for vision is generally good.

• #1

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis symptoms may appear if these abnormal blood vessels spread to areas of the retina that are vital for good vision. The symptoms for POHS are similar to macular degeneration symptoms. […] These symptoms include: blank spots in your vision, especially your central vision; distorted vision, so that straight lines appear bent, crooked or irregular; size of objects may appear different for each eye; colors lose their brightness; colors do not look the same for each eye; central light flashes or flickering. […] If you have any of the symptoms of histoplasmosis, you should see an ophthalmologist.

• #1 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis (POHS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5635-histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus that can make you sick if you inhale it. In some people, the fungus spreads to the eyes. When this happens, abnormal blood vessels form, which can affect your vision. Without treatment, vision loss can become permanent. […] The condition does not cause symptoms in the early stages. If Histoplasma capsulatum affects the eyes, choroidal neovascularization can occur, affecting your vision. […] You may notice: An objects size appears different in each eye. Blind spots. Blurred vision or painless vision loss. Colors dont appear as they should (may be dull). Flashes or flickering. Lines that should be straight, like lane markers on the road, appear wavy. […] Ocular histoplasmosis treatment can prevent further vision loss. But some people do not regain full vision. […] Even if histoplasmosis treatment is successful, ocular histoplasmosis symptoms can come back. If you do get it again, you may experience less severe symptoms. People with weakened immune systems are more likely to experience recurrence.

• #1 Histoplasmosis | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Very few people who are exposed to Histoplasma capsulatum fungus experience any symptoms. […] Symptoms of the infection appear within 3 to 17 days after exposure, most commonly 12-14 days. […] The severity of the illness is related to how many spores the person was exposed to, and the ability of their immune system to destroy Histoplasma organisms in the body. If a person does become unwell with histoplasmosis, the disease may appear in any of four different forms: […] Acute respiratory – the illness varies from a mild respiratory illness to feeling generally very unwell with symptoms of tiredness, high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, weakness, chest pains, cough and sometimes a rash. […] Acute disseminated – the disease quickly becomes severe, with rapid spread of the histoplasma organisms to organs outside the lungs. Symptoms include high fever, cough, exhaustion, gastro symptoms and enlargement of the liver and spleen. This form of histoplasmosis is most frequently seen in infants and young children and in people with weakened immune systems; it is usually fatal if left untreated.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – acute (primary) pulmonary: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000098.htm

  Most people with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. The most common symptoms are: […] Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis can be a serious illness in the very young, older people, and people with a weakened immune system, including those who: […] Symptoms in these people may include: […] When histoplasmosis lung infection is severe or gets worse, the illness may last up to many months. Even then, it is rarely fatal. […] The illness can get worse over time and become a long-term (chronic) lung infection (which doesn’t go away).

• #1 Histoplasmosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/histoplasmosis.html

  The majority of infected persons have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they vary widely, depending on the form of disease. Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is a flu-like illness characterized by respiratory symptoms, general malaise, fever, chest pains, and a dry or nonproductive cough. […] Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is characterized by fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, and a productive cough. It progresses over months or years. […] Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, the form that can be seen in people with weakened immune systems, can affect multiple organ systems and is usually fatal unless treated. […] If symptoms occur, they will usually appear within three to 17 days after exposure; the average is 10 days; however, disease onset could occur sooner if exposure is great.

• #1 Histoplasmosis | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Chronic disseminated – Histoplasmosis develops slowly over a period of 10-11 months as the organism spreads to organs outside of the lungs. People with chronic disseminated histoplasmosis experience mild intermittent fever, weight loss, weakness, anaemia and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Other symptoms will depend on which organs are affected as the organism spreads, and can include signs and symptoms of infection of the liver, lungs, brain or meninges (the covering of the brain) and heart. Ulcers of the mouth, throat, stomach and bowel may be present and problems with the adrenal gland (Addison’s Disease) may occur. Chronic disseminated histoplasmosis is nearly always fatal if not treated. […] Chronic pulmonary – occurs most often in persons with pre-existing lung diseases such as emphysema. It resembles tuberculosis and is more common in males over 40 years of age. This form of histoplasmosis progresses slowly over months or years and can sometimes resolve without treatment. […] Most people recover spontaneously 2-3 weeks after onset of symptoms, although fatigue may persist longer. If histoplasmosis infection spreads to other parts of the body (dissemination), especially to the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, a longer and more serious illness can occur.

• #1 Histoplasmosis: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/histoplasmosis

  and in another series from French Guiana, GI symptoms occurred in 70% of patients with histoplasmosis. […] Central nervous system (CNS) and cutaneous manifestations occur in no more than 20% of patients. […] People with CNS histoplasmosis typically experience fever and headache; if brain involvement is present, they may also experience seizures, focal neurological deficits, septic meningitis, or changes in mental status. […] Approximately 10% of patients with low CD4 counts experience septic shock, multiorgan failure, and/or pericardial effusion and pericarditis requiring rapid therapy. […] In such cases, blood cultures and Histoplasma antigen tests of serum and urine are helpful diagnostically. […] In patients with CD4 counts 200 cells/mm3, histoplasmosis is often limited to the respiratory tract, and they may present with cough, pleuritic chest pain, and/or fever.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20373495

  Contact your health care provider if you develop flu-like symptoms after being exposed to bird or bat droppings especially if you have a weakened immune system. […] Histoplasmosis can cause many serious complications, even in otherwise healthy people. For infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems, the potential problems are often life-threatening.

• #1 Histoplasmosis: Cause, Types & Complications

  https://www.healthline.com/health/histoplasmosis

  Chronic, or long-term, histoplasmosis occurs far less often than the acute form. In rare cases, it can spread throughout the body. Once histoplasmosis has spread throughout your body it is life-threatening if it isnt treated. […] Widespread disease usually occurs in people with impaired immune systems. In areas where the fungus is common, the CDC says that it may occur in up to 30 percent of people with HIV. […] In rare cases, histoplasmosis can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is extremely important to get treatment. […] Histoplasmosis can also cause a number of complications. […] Acute respiratory distress syndrome can develop if your lungs fill with fluid. This can lead to dangerously low levels of oxygen in your blood. […] Your heart might not be able to function normally if the area around it becomes inflamed and full of fluid. […] Histoplasmosis can cause a serious condition called meningitis. Meningitis occurs when the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord become infected. […] Infection can damage your adrenal glands and this may cause problems with hormone production.

• #1 Disseminated histoplasmosis – Life Worldwide

  https://en.fungaleducation.org/disseminated-histoplasmosis/

  Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) varies from an acute to a subacute course. Acute PDH may be rapidly fatal, with diffuse interstitial or reticulonodular lung infiltrates in association with respiratory failure, shock, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure. Subacute PDH usually presents with weight loss, fever and hepatomegaly in association with focal abnormalities such as lymphadenopathy, meningitis, oral or gastrointestinal ulceration, and adrenal insufficiency. […] In acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, most exposed individuals are asymptomatic or have mild self-limiting illnesses. If exposure is heavy, an acute illness 2-4 weeks after exposure may develop in which fever, myalgia, headache, cough, dyspnoea and chest discomfort predominate. Sometimes arthralgia and/or erythema nodosum occur. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy can be massive.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/918

  Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Infection is usually asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic; however, infection with a large number of organisms or in people with immunodeficiency can result in severe, symptomatic pulmonary infection, which requires treatment. […] Risk factors for more severe respiratory disease include inhalation of a large inoculum, impaired cellular immunity (e.g., AIDS/HIV infection, chronic immunosuppressive therapy), age 2 years, and chronic lung disease. […] Key diagnostic factors include fever, headache, dyspnea, dry or nonproductive cough, pleuritic chest pain, anorexia, and productive cough. […] Other diagnostic factors include abdominal pain, fatigue, malaise, arthralgias, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, scattered crackles on chest auscultation, bronchial breathing on chest auscultation, distant breath sounds on chest auscultation, hemoptysis, meningitis-like symptoms, skin lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and sepsis-like syndrome.

• #1 Overview of Histoplasmosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/1215/p2247.html

  Histoplasmosis is an endemic infection in most of the United States and can be found worldwide. The spectrum of this illness ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated disease. Life-threatening illness is usually associated with an immunocompromised state; however, 20 percent of severe illnesses result from a heavy inoculum in healthy persons. […] Disseminated disease is rare but can be fatal if untreated. […] A six-year-old boy was referred to a pediatric infectious disease clinic after a three-week history of fever, mild nonproductive cough, pallor, and fatigue. His oral temperature was 40.6C (105.1F), and he had occasional rigors, emesis, and night sweats. […] The spectrum of illness in disseminated disease ranges from a chronic, intermittent course in immunocompetent persons to an acute and rapidly fatal infection that usually occurs in infants and severely immunosuppressed persons.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/histoplasmosis-2/

  Long-term complications of histoplasmosis include: Mediastinal Granulomas Occur due to persistently enlarged lymph nodes that may caseate and calcify. […] Chronic pulmonary infection can occur among patients with underlying structural lung disease (such as emphysema). […] The prognosis of mild to moderate infections in immunocompetent patients is usually good. […] A worse prognosis is seen in patients with severe infections, immunosuppressed, chronic cavitary pneumonia, meningitis, or fibrosing mediastinitis.

• #1 Histoplasmosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/histoplasmosis-7111772

  The overall mortality rate for histoplasmosis is much lower since many people have less severe forms of infection. […] The infection can be severe or mild. Symptoms of histoplasmosis include extreme tiredness, fever, chills, coughing, chest pain, headache, and body aches. […] Severe cases of histoplasmosis are rare.

• #1 Histoplasmosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are affected; called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can be fatal if left untreated. […] If symptoms of histoplasmosis infection occur, they start within 3 to 17 days after exposure; the typical time is 12-14 days. Most affected individuals have clinically silent manifestations and show no apparent ill effects. The acute phase of histoplasmosis is characterized by nonspecific respiratory symptoms, often cough or flu-like. Chest X-ray findings are normal in 40-70% of cases. Chronic histoplasmosis cases can resemble tuberculosis; disseminated histoplasmosis affects multiple organ systems and is fatal unless treated. […] Severe infections can cause hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and adrenal enlargement. Lesions often left calcification nodules as they are healed.

• #1 Histoplasmosis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/histoplasmosis

  The disease mainly affects the lungs with most patients often showing minimal or no symptoms. […] Infants, young children, and older persons, particularly those with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for severe disease. Sometimes the infection may spread from the lungs to other organs (disseminated histoplasmosis). This is more commonly found in people with immunodeficiency such as those with cancer or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Most people infected with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis that have healthy immune systems and who are not experiencing any symptoms of the disease will recover spontaneously without any treatment. Otherwise healthy patients with mild symptoms need to be monitored. Patients with prolonged or severe pulmonary symptoms may require treatment with antifungal therapy. All cases of chronic pulmonary and disseminated histoplasmosis need to be treated with antifungal medications. […] Chronic progressive disseminated disease may run a long course that lasts for years with long asymptomatic periods interspersed. Acute progressive disseminated disease may need life long treatment with antifungals to prevent relapses.

• #2 Histoplasmosis Fungal Infection: Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/histoplasmosis

  Most people with histoplasmosis have no symptoms. However, histoplasma can cause acute or chronic lung disease and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis affecting a number of organs. Symptoms, when they occur, start within three to 17 days after exposure; the average is 10 days. The acute respiratory disease is characterized by respiratory symptoms, a general ill feeling, fever, chest pains, and a dry or nonproductive cough. Distinct patterns may be seen on a chest X-ray. Chronic lung disease resembles tuberculosis and can worsen over months or years. The disseminated form is fatal, unless treated. […] Mild cases may resolve without treatment. Severe cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of chronic and disseminated disease are treated with antifungal medications, sometimes for life in those with compromised immune systems.

• #2 Histoplasmosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-clinical

  Approximately 90% of patients are asymptomatic. If symptoms develop, onset occurs 3-14 days after exposure. […] Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, abdominal pain, and chills are common symptoms; usually, histoplasmosis is self-limited. […] Individuals exposed to a large inoculum may develop severe dyspnea resulting from diffuse pulmonary involvement. […] Symptoms vary depending on duration of illness. The acute form may produce fever, worsening cough, weight loss, malaise, and dyspnea. […] The subacute form is associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms that may occur as a result of dissemination and subacute expression in the affected organs. […] Aside from constitutional symptoms, gastrointestinal involvement may produce diarrhea and abdominal pain. […] Cardiac involvement resulting in valvular disease, cardiac insufficiency, or vegetations may produce dyspnea, peripheral edema, angina, and fever.

• #2 Histoplasmosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/histoplasmosis.html

  The majority of infected persons have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they vary widely, depending on the form of disease. Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is a flu-like illness characterized by respiratory symptoms, general malaise, fever, chest pains, and a dry or nonproductive cough. […] Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is characterized by fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, and a productive cough. It progresses over months or years. […] Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, the form that can be seen in people with weakened immune systems, can affect multiple organ systems and is usually fatal unless treated. […] If symptoms occur, they will usually appear within three to 17 days after exposure; the average is 10 days; however, disease onset could occur sooner if exposure is great.

• #2 Histoplasmosis Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/histoplasmosis/symptoms-diagnosis

  In most cases, histoplasmosis causes mild flu-like symptoms that appear between 3 and 17 days after exposure to the fungus. These symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, cough and chest discomfort. In these milder forms, most symptoms go away on their own in a few weeks or within a month. […] If the exposure is significant, or you are at higher risk, symptoms may progress and become more severe. You most likely will develop a cough and begin to bring up thick, yellow sputum or blood. You may experience shortness of breath and could eventually show signs of respiratory failure. […] If histoplasmosis spreads throughout the body, for example to the brain and spinal cord, you can suffer from complications. These include enlarged spleen and liver, gastrointestinal bleeding, lip and mouth ulcerations and decreased white and red blood cells leading to bone marrow failure.

• #2 Histoplasmosis

  https://www.anticoagulationeurope.org/conditions/histoplasmosis/

  Most cases of histoplasmosis produce no symptoms or symptoms that are extremely mild. […] Signs and symptoms that occur in rare cases include the following: Acute, flu-like infection includes fever, chills, cough, chest pain, and headache. […] Chronic lung infection develops gradually over weeks to months and produces a progressive, worsening cough, weight loss, night sweats, and possibly, shortness of breath. […] When the disease spreads throughout the body and affects many organ systems, a person may experience fever, chills, weight loss, enlarged liver and spleen, swollen lymph nodes, ulcers in the mouth, stomach ulcers that may bleed, infection of heart valves, meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord), anemia, and elevated calcium levels. […] Many cases of histoplasmosis are mild and resolve in 10 days without treatment. Occasionally, however, symptoms may persist for several weeks.

• #2 Overview of Histoplasmosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/1215/p2247.html

  Fever is the most common symptom; however, headache, anorexia, weight loss, and malaise are frequent complaints. Cough is present in less than one half of cases, and gastrointestinal problems are rare. […] The majority of people with normal immunity who develop histoplasmosis manifest an asymptomatic or clinically insignificant infection. […] Symptomatic illness is primarily caused by an intense exposure (e.g., cleaning an attic or a chicken coop), and the severity of disease is related to the number of spores inhaled. […] Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis manifests as a diverse clinical spectrum ranging from a brief period of malaise to a severe, protracted illness. Common symptoms include fever, headache, nonproductive cough, chills, pleuritic chest pain, weight loss, malaise, myalgias, and sweats. […] Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is associated with preexisting abnormal lung architecture, especially emphysema, and occurs most commonly in white, middle-aged men. Symptoms (malaise, productive cough, fever, and night sweats) are similar to those of tuberculosis but are usually less severe.

• #2 Histoplasmosis – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/histoplasmosis/

  symptoms of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis may include […] Common manifestations: Flu-like illness (fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache). Nonproductive cough, sometimes with dyspnea. […] Severe pneumonia may occur: Causes of severe pneumonia: (1) Massive exposure (e.g., cleaning chicken coop or attic). (2) Immunosuppression. Clinically this may cause high fevers, dyspnea, and cough. Pneumonia may progress to cause ARDS. […] symptoms of chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis (CCPH) include: Constitutional symptoms (fever, anorexia, weight loss). Cough productive of purulent sputum, or hemoptysis. Dyspnea. Pleuritic chest pain. […] the tempo of the disease may vary widely: (1) Insidious consumptive process is most common: Immunocompetent patients tend to have an insidious onset. Even among immunocompromised patients, onset may be insidious. (2) PDH may cause a rapidly fatal sepsis syndrome that includes ARDS and DIC. Deterioration may be driven by underlying HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis). […] manifestations may include: Constitutional symptoms: Insidious onset may cause low-grade fever, night sweats, and weight loss. More aggressive disease onset may cause high fevers. […] Pulmonary involvement may vary from no involvement to ARDS. Symptoms can include dyspnea and cough.

• #2 Histoplasmosis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Most people do not have symptoms, but some feel sick and have a fever and cough, sometimes with difficulty breathing. […] Symptoms usually appear 3 to 17 days after people inhale the spores. People may feel sick, have a fever and a cough, and feel as though they have the flu. Symptoms usually disappear without treatment in 2 weeks and rarely last longer than 6 weeks. […] People who inhale many spores may develop pneumonia. They may become very short of breath and be ill for months. […] Symptoms are vague at first. People may feel tired, weak, and generally ill. Symptoms may worsen very slowly or extremely rapidly. […] This lung infection develops gradually over several weeks, causing a cough and difficulty breathing that become increasingly worse. Symptoms include weight loss, night sweats, a mild fever, and a general feeling of illness (malaise).

• #2 Histoplasmosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. […] Most people have no symptoms, or only have a mild, flu-like illness. If symptoms do occur, they may include: Fever and chills, Cough and chest pain that gets worse when breathing in, Joint pain, Mouth sores, Red skin bumps, most often on the lower legs. […] The infection may be active for a short period of time, and then the symptoms go away. Sometimes, the lung infection may become chronic. Symptoms include: Chest pain and shortness of breath, Cough, possibly coughing up blood, Fever and sweating. […] In a small number of people, especially in those with a weakened immune system, histoplasmosis spreads throughout the body. This is called disseminated histoplasmosis. In response to the infection irritation and swelling (inflammation) occur in parts of the body. Symptoms may include: Chest pain from inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis), Headache and neck stiffness from swelling of the membranes covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), High fever.

• #2 Histoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/histoplasmosis

  Severe pneumonia is rare, but patients with AIDS may develop severe acute pneumonia with hypoxia, as well as hypotension, mental status changes, coagulopathy, or rhabdomyolysis. […] The acute primary form of histoplasmosis is almost always self-limited; however, very rarely, death occurs after massive infection. […] Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis can cause death due to severe respiratory insufficiency. […] Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a mortality rate of 90%.

• #2 Histoplasmosis

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Lung/Fungus/Hstplsms.htm

  Most cases (95%) are asymptomatic or mild. […] Symptoms include fever, non-productive cough, substernal chest pain, dyspnea, headache, malaise, diaphoresis, and weight loss. […] Most patients (80%) are immunocompromised (e.g. HIV, chemotherapy). […] Symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis include fever (most common), headache, weight loss, cough (50% of cases), and abdominal cramps, diarrhea, melena (rare).

• #2 Histoplasmosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448185/

  Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis can also be classified as acute, sub-acute or chronic. This classification is based on the symptomatology. If the acute pulmonary infection becomes protracted and progresses to disseminated disease, it is considered acute progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. […] Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis can be mild, moderate or severe based on the acuity and gravity of the symptoms. […] If untreated, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is 100% fatal.

• #2 Histoplasmosis | Eye Disorders | Ophthalmology | Area of Care | SUNY Downstate

  https://www.downstate.edu/patient-care/find-treatment/areas-of-care/ophthalmology/eye-disorders/histoplasmosis.html

  Histoplasmosis is often so mild that it produces no apparent symptoms. Any symptoms that might occur are often similar to those from a common cold. […] However, histoplasmosis, even mild cases, can later cause a serious eye disease called ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS), a leading cause of vision loss in Americans ages 20 to 40. […] OHS usually has no symptoms in its early stages; the initial OHS infection usually subsides without the need for treatment. […] In later stages, OHS symptoms may appear if the abnormal blood vessels cause changes in vision. For example, straight lines may appear crooked or wavy, or a blind spot may appear in the field of vision. […] Because these symptoms indicate that OHS has already progressed enough to affect vision, anyone who has been exposed to histoplasmosis and perceives even slight changes in vision should consult an eye care professional.

• #2 Histoplasmosis: Symptoms & Treatment | West Boca Eye Center

  https://www.westbocaeyecenter.com/post/histoplasmosis-symptoms-treatment

  Histoplasmosis infection is most the time so mild that it produces no clear symptoms. Any symptoms are often like those from a common cold. […] OHS often has no symptoms in its early stages. You can have OHS without knowing it. […] Histoplasmosis symptoms may appear if these abnormal blood vessels spread to areas of the retina that are vital for good vision. The symptoms for OHS are similar to macular degeneration symptoms. […] These Symptoms Include: blank spots in your vision, especially your central vision; distorted vision, so that straight lines appear bent, crooked or irregular; size of objects may appear different for each eye; colors lose their brightness; colors do not look the same for each eye; central light flashes or flickering. […] If you have any of the symptoms of histoplasmosis, you should see an ophthalmologist.

• #2 Histoplasmosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/histoplasmosis-2/

  Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) and has a broad clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant, potentially fatal disease. […] Most immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic or report a mild influenza-like illness, but those with compromised cellular immunity can develop a severe, disseminated disease. […] The clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis vary widely and are often determined by level of exposure, host immune status, and presence of underlying structural lung disease. Over 95% of patients are asymptomatic with low levels exposure. For those that develop symptoms, clinical presentations are divided into three distinct categories: acute pulmonary infection, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, and progressive disseminated disease.

• #2 Disseminated histoplasmosis – Life Worldwide

  https://en.fungaleducation.org/disseminated-histoplasmosis/

  Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) varies from an acute to a subacute course. Acute PDH may be rapidly fatal, with diffuse interstitial or reticulonodular lung infiltrates in association with respiratory failure, shock, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure. Subacute PDH usually presents with weight loss, fever and hepatomegaly in association with focal abnormalities such as lymphadenopathy, meningitis, oral or gastrointestinal ulceration, and adrenal insufficiency. […] In acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, most exposed individuals are asymptomatic or have mild self-limiting illnesses. If exposure is heavy, an acute illness 2-4 weeks after exposure may develop in which fever, myalgia, headache, cough, dyspnoea and chest discomfort predominate. Sometimes arthralgia and/or erythema nodosum occur. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy can be massive.

• #2 Histoplasmosis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/histoplasmosis

  In people with immature or weak immune systems, histoplasmosis can turn into a serious infection. It can spread to organs outside the lungs and lead to life-threatening complications. […] Symptoms of serious disease are often nonspecific. They can progress slowly or very quickly. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these symptoms of severe histoplasmosis including: Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or pain with deep breathing or coughing, Mental status changes, Mouth ulcers, Muscle pain or dark urine, Stiff neck or severe headache, Weakness, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss. […] Treatment generally takes several weeks. In some cases, treatment may be necessary for up to two years. […] For people with severe infections, histoplasmosis can be fatal. Without treatment, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis kills more than 90% of people. However, among hospitalized patients with histoplasmosis, the death rate is about 8%.

• #2 Histoplasmosis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/histoplasmosis-2/

  Long-term complications of histoplasmosis include: Mediastinal Granulomas Occur due to persistently enlarged lymph nodes that may caseate and calcify. […] Chronic pulmonary infection can occur among patients with underlying structural lung disease (such as emphysema). […] The prognosis of mild to moderate infections in immunocompetent patients is usually good. […] A worse prognosis is seen in patients with severe infections, immunosuppressed, chronic cavitary pneumonia, meningitis, or fibrosing mediastinitis.

• #2 Histoplasmosis

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/safety-injury-prev/environmental-health/topics/mitracking/histoplasmosis

  Most people who breathe in Histoplasma spores do not get sick. Those people who do get sick may develop fever, cough and fatigue. […] Symptoms occur within three to 17 days after breathing in the fungal spores. Histoplasmosis symptoms include: Body aches. Chest pain. Chills. Cough. Fatigue. Fever. Headache. […] Severe disease is more common in people with weakened immune systems. The infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body.

• #2

  https://www.talleyeyeinstitute.com/histoplasmosis

  Symptoms: Painless loss of vision, Distortion of vision, wavy vision, Central blurry vision, or a blind spot near the center of vision. If you experience these symptoms it is important to see an eye care professional as soon as possible so they may be able to diagnosis and treat this condition. […] In individuals who become symptomatic, require treatment and get that treatment in timely fashion can have good visual outcomes. If you are experiencing the symptoms listed above please seek a consultation with an eye care provider with experience in treating this condition.

• #2 Histoplasmosis

  https://www.anticoagulationeurope.org/conditions/histoplasmosis/

  In the most severe cases, particularly when the infection spreads to various organs throughout the body, long-term therapy with antifungal medications may be necessary. […] If left untreated, however, such severe cases generally result in death. […] Relapse is more likely in those with weakened immune systems, although it can happen in individuals with healthy immune systems as well. […] In general, however, histoplasmosis produces no long-term complications and is rarely fatal.

• #3 Histoplasmosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. […] Most people have no symptoms, or only have a mild, flu-like illness. If symptoms do occur, they may include: Fever and chills, Cough and chest pain that gets worse when breathing in, Joint pain, Mouth sores, Red skin bumps, most often on the lower legs. […] The infection may be active for a short period of time, and then the symptoms go away. Sometimes, the lung infection may become chronic. Symptoms include: Chest pain and shortness of breath, Cough, possibly coughing up blood, Fever and sweating. […] In a small number of people, especially in those with a weakened immune system, histoplasmosis spreads throughout the body. This is called disseminated histoplasmosis. In response to the infection irritation and swelling (inflammation) occur in parts of the body. Symptoms may include: Chest pain from inflammation of the sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis), Headache and neck stiffness from swelling of the membranes covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), High fever.

• #3 Histoplasmosis | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Chronic disseminated – Histoplasmosis develops slowly over a period of 10-11 months as the organism spreads to organs outside of the lungs. People with chronic disseminated histoplasmosis experience mild intermittent fever, weight loss, weakness, anaemia and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Other symptoms will depend on which organs are affected as the organism spreads, and can include signs and symptoms of infection of the liver, lungs, brain or meninges (the covering of the brain) and heart. Ulcers of the mouth, throat, stomach and bowel may be present and problems with the adrenal gland (Addison’s Disease) may occur. Chronic disseminated histoplasmosis is nearly always fatal if not treated. […] Chronic pulmonary – occurs most often in persons with pre-existing lung diseases such as emphysema. It resembles tuberculosis and is more common in males over 40 years of age. This form of histoplasmosis progresses slowly over months or years and can sometimes resolve without treatment. […] Most people recover spontaneously 2-3 weeks after onset of symptoms, although fatigue may persist longer. If histoplasmosis infection spreads to other parts of the body (dissemination), especially to the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, a longer and more serious illness can occur.

• #3 Histoplasmosis | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/fungal-infections/histoplasmosis

  Very few people who are exposed to Histoplasma capsulatum fungus experience any symptoms. […] Symptoms of the infection appear within 3 to 17 days after exposure, most commonly 12-14 days. […] The severity of the illness is related to how many spores the person was exposed to, and the ability of their immune system to destroy Histoplasma organisms in the body. If a person does become unwell with histoplasmosis, the disease may appear in any of four different forms: […] Acute respiratory – the illness varies from a mild respiratory illness to feeling generally very unwell with symptoms of tiredness, high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, weakness, chest pains, cough and sometimes a rash. […] Acute disseminated – the disease quickly becomes severe, with rapid spread of the histoplasma organisms to organs outside the lungs. Symptoms include high fever, cough, exhaustion, gastro symptoms and enlargement of the liver and spleen. This form of histoplasmosis is most frequently seen in infants and young children and in people with weakened immune systems; it is usually fatal if left untreated.

• #3 Histoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/histoplasmosis

  Severe pneumonia is rare, but patients with AIDS may develop severe acute pneumonia with hypoxia, as well as hypotension, mental status changes, coagulopathy, or rhabdomyolysis. […] The acute primary form of histoplasmosis is almost always self-limited; however, very rarely, death occurs after massive infection. […] Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis can cause death due to severe respiratory insufficiency. […] Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a mortality rate of 90%.

• #3 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis (POHS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5635-histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus that can make you sick if you inhale it. In some people, the fungus spreads to the eyes. When this happens, abnormal blood vessels form, which can affect your vision. Without treatment, vision loss can become permanent. […] The condition does not cause symptoms in the early stages. If Histoplasma capsulatum affects the eyes, choroidal neovascularization can occur, affecting your vision. […] You may notice: An objects size appears different in each eye. Blind spots. Blurred vision or painless vision loss. Colors dont appear as they should (may be dull). Flashes or flickering. Lines that should be straight, like lane markers on the road, appear wavy. […] Ocular histoplasmosis treatment can prevent further vision loss. But some people do not regain full vision. […] Even if histoplasmosis treatment is successful, ocular histoplasmosis symptoms can come back. If you do get it again, you may experience less severe symptoms. People with weakened immune systems are more likely to experience recurrence.

• #3 Histoplasma Capsulatum

  https://www.tamuk.edu/finance/risk/animal-safety/histoplasma-capsulatum.html

  Histoplasmosis causes a spectrum of illness, and the symptoms vary depending on the type of infection, the underlying health of the patient, and the extent of exposure. […] Symptoms of the infection appear within 5 to 18 days after exposure, most commonly in 10 days. In the healthy individual, H. capsulatum may cause no symptoms or may cause a flu-like illness with fever, cough, chest pain, and fatigue. […] In some healthy individuals histoplasmosis may cause joint pain, muscle pain, and painful red lumps on the arms or legs. […] In patients with pre-existing lung disease or who are immunocompromised, histoplasmosis leads to more severe symptoms and lung infection. […] Most histoplasmosis infections are easily overlooked because they either produce mild symptoms or none at all. However, histoplasmosis can be severe and produce an illness similar to tuberculosis. […] More severe disease usually occurs in patients with diseases which impair their body’s ability to fight infections. In such cases, histoplasmosis may spread from the lungs to involve other parts of the body; the infection is progressive and usually fatal if left untreated.

• #3 Histoplasmosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/histoplasmosis-causes-symptoms-treatment

  In rare cases, acute histoplasmosis can progress to pneumonia, pericarditis, or infect the central nervous system (CNS), possibly requiring hospitalization. […] If histoplasmosis persists for months, it can lead to chronic lung disease, especially in those with underlying respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, who are immunocompromised or are older (over 55 years). […] People with weakened immune systems are at increased risk of disseminated histoplasmosis, a serious condition where the infection spreads beyond the lungs. […] Chronic histoplasmosis can relapse, requiring ongoing vigilance for symptoms such as persistent cough or shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss or fatigue, and night sweats or prolonged fever.

• #4 Disseminated histoplasmosis: a rare clinical phenotype with difficult diagnosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5326786/

  We describe a rare and interesting case of a 37yearold man who presented with an intermittent fever, progressive cytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. […] The patient was treated with ganciclovir (5mg/kg, every 12h) for 10 days from the second day of admission; the results of the serological CMV and HSV tests were normal. However, persistent fever, liver and spleen growth, and a progressively diminishing blood count remained. […] Based on the clinical characteristics, there are four types of histoplasmosis: asymptomatic (95%), acute pulmonary, chronic pulmonary, and disseminated (rarest). Disseminated histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis that specifically affects the reticulohistiocytic system. It usually invades visceral organs (liver, spleen, pancreas, and intestines). Therefore, patients with disseminated histoplasmosis can present with various symptoms such as fever, weight loss, anorexia, cough, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. The most common symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are fever (89.1%), respiratory symptoms (38.1%), and weight loss (37.4%). The most common physical findings include splenomegaly (72.0%), hepatomegaly (68.1%), and lymphadenopathy (41.2%). Our patient presented with fever, weight loss, cough, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy, which supports the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis.

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