Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Histoplasmosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. […] In otherwise healthy people, this infection usually goes away without treatment. […] If you are sick for more than 1 month or are having trouble breathing, your provider may prescribe medicine. The main treatment for histoplasmosis is antifungal medicines. […] Antifungals may need to be given through a vein, depending on the form or stage of the disease. […] Long-term treatment with antifungal medicines may be needed for up to 1 to 2 years. […] The outlook depends on how severe the infection is, and your general health condition. […] An active infection will usually go away with antifungal medicine. […] Contact your provider if you live in an area where histoplasmosis is common and you develop: flu-like symptoms, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath. […] Histoplasmosis may be prevented by reducing your exposure to dust in chicken coops, bat caves, and other high-risk locations. Wear masks and other protective equipment if you work in or go into these environments.

• #2 Histoplasmosis | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-35803-6_20

  Histoplasmosis, among the endemic mycoses, is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in the USA. […] Treatment is indicated in most patients with acute diffuse pulmonary histoplasmosis and all patients with chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis or progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. […] Liposomal Amphotericin B is the treatment of choice for patients with severe manifestations of histoplasmosis requiring hospitalization. […] Itraconazole is recommended for mild cases not requiring hospitalization and for continued therapy following response to liposomal Amphotericin B.

• #3 Histoplasmosis: Treatment, Contagious, Symptoms & Test

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/histoplasmosis/article_em.htm

  Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. […] Symptoms of histoplasmosis range from none to flu-like symptoms (fever, dry cough, chest discomfort); severe infections may cause vision problems, mouth ulcers, seizures, encephalopathy, and death. […] Seek medical care if symptoms of the flu or pneumonia persist, especially in people with immunocompromised systems. […] The majority of patients infected by Histoplasma capsulatum require no treatment; the small number of patients who develop more severe infection may require long-term antifungal treatments (months to a year) while a few may need lifelong antifungal treatment. […] Follow-up is important because of the potential need for long-term antifungal treatments to monitor drug levels and to determine effective treatment or reoccurrence of infection.

• #4 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Most infections in individuals who are immunocompetent are self-limiting and do not require therapy. In cases of prolonged infection, cases of systemic infection, or those involving individuals who are immunocompromised, medical treatment is recommended. […] In patients with prolonged symptoms (4 wk) or those with overwhelming pulmonary involvement, initiate medical therapy with itraconazole for 6-12 weeks. Response to therapy should be monitored via chest imaging. Patients should be monitored for several years after treatment for possible relapse. […] Patients with severe infection should be treated with amphotericin B for 1-2 weeks; once the patient is stable, amphotericin B may be changed to itraconazole and should be continued for 1 year. […] Patients with cavitary lesions must be treated, in most patients itraconazole is sufficient and should be given for one year. Relapse may occur in up to 15% of patients.

• #5 Histoplasmosis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/histoplasmosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373499

  Diagnosing histoplasmosis can be complicated, depending on what parts of your body are affected. […] Treatment usually isn’t necessary if you have a mild case of histoplasmosis. But if your symptoms are severe or if you have the chronic or disseminated form of the disease, you’ll likely need treatment with one or more antifungal drugs. […] You’re likely to start by seeing your primary care provider, who might refer you to a specialist in infectious diseases. Depending on your symptoms and the severity of your infection, you might also see other doctors, such as a lung specialist (pulmonologist) or a heart specialist (cardiologist). […] For histoplasmosis, questions to ask your health care provider include: Will I need treatment and, if so, which do you recommend? […] Your health care provider is likely to ask you questions, including: How severe are your symptoms?

• #6 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  In collaboration with the healthcare team, nurses continuously assess the patients response to treatment and modify the care plan as necessary to ensure optimal outcomes. […] The nursing assessment for histoplasmosis is a critical and systematic evaluation of individuals suspected or confirmed to have contracted the fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. […] The nursing assessment for histoplasmosis is a comprehensive process that involves a thorough evaluation of the patients respiratory, constitutional, gastrointestinal, lymphatic, skin, and neurological status. […] By identifying early signs and symptoms, nurses can promptly initiate appropriate interventions, including antifungal treatment, and collaborate with the healthcare team to improve patient outcomes. […] The nursing diagnosis for histoplasmosis encompass various physiological and psychosocial challenges faced by patients with this fungal infection.

• #7 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is most likely to occur in patients with AIDS. Typical signs and symptoms include fever, night sweats, anorexia, malaise, dyspnea, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, and neurological deficits. […] The diagnosis of histoplasmosis can be confirmed by tissue culture and stains and by serological studies. […] Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) often plays a pivotal role in the workup, particularly in patients with respiratory symptoms and abnormal chest radiographic findings. […] Liposomal amphotericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex is recommended for the initial treatment of moderately severe to severe PDH. […] Itraconazole may be appropriate for those with mild to moderate PDH and is recommended for maintenance therapy.

• #8 Histoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/histoplasmosis

  For severe disseminated histoplasmosis, liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/kg IV once a day (preferred) or amphotericin B 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg IV once a day for 2 weeks or until the patient is clinically stable is the treatment of choice. […] In patients with AIDS, itraconazole is given indefinitely to prevent relapse or until CD4 cell counts are 150/mcL. […] The acute primary form of histoplasmosis is almost always self-limited; however, very rarely, death occurs after massive infection. […] Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis can cause death due to severe respiratory insufficiency. […] Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a mortality rate of 90%.

• #9 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  In collaboration with the healthcare team, nurses continuously assess the patients response to treatment and modify the care plan as necessary to ensure optimal outcomes. […] The nursing assessment for histoplasmosis is a critical and systematic evaluation of individuals suspected or confirmed to have contracted the fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. […] The nursing assessment for histoplasmosis is a comprehensive process that involves a thorough evaluation of the patients respiratory, constitutional, gastrointestinal, lymphatic, skin, and neurological status. […] By identifying early signs and symptoms, nurses can promptly initiate appropriate interventions, including antifungal treatment, and collaborate with the healthcare team to improve patient outcomes. […] The nursing diagnosis for histoplasmosis encompass various physiological and psychosocial challenges faced by patients with this fungal infection.

• #10 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Respiratory Status: Assess breathing patterns, Monitor oxygen saturation, Auscultate lung sounds, Document cough characteristics, Note the use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to inflammatory response in pulmonary tissue as evidenced by dyspnea, tachypnea, and decreased oxygen saturation. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Position patient for optimal breathing Rationale: Improves lung expansion and reduces work of breathing, Monitor oxygen saturation Rationale: Ensures adequate oxygenation and early detection of deterioration, Administer prescribed medications Rationale: Reduces inflammation and improves respiratory function, Teach breathing exercises Rationale: Enhances pulmonary function and reduces anxiety. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain oxygen saturation 95%, The patient will demonstrate an improved breathing pattern, The patient will report decreased dyspnea, The patient will effectively use prescribed breathing techniques.

• #11 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Respiratory Status: Assess breathing patterns, Monitor oxygen saturation, Auscultate lung sounds, Document cough characteristics, Note the use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to inflammatory response in pulmonary tissue as evidenced by dyspnea, tachypnea, and decreased oxygen saturation. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Position patient for optimal breathing Rationale: Improves lung expansion and reduces work of breathing, Monitor oxygen saturation Rationale: Ensures adequate oxygenation and early detection of deterioration, Administer prescribed medications Rationale: Reduces inflammation and improves respiratory function, Teach breathing exercises Rationale: Enhances pulmonary function and reduces anxiety. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain oxygen saturation 95%, The patient will demonstrate an improved breathing pattern, The patient will report decreased dyspnea, The patient will effectively use prescribed breathing techniques.

• #12 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Hyperthermia related to systemic fungal infection as evidenced by elevated temperature, night sweats, and warm skin. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor temperature q4h Rationale: Tracks fever patterns and response to treatment, Administer antipyretics as ordered Rationale: Reduces fever and associated discomfort, Implement cooling measures Rationale: Assists in temperature regulation, Promote adequate hydration Rationale: Prevents dehydration and supports temperature regulation. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain normal temperature, The patient will demonstrate adequate hydration, The patient will report improved comfort, The patient will show no signs of complications. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to the inflammatory process and increased metabolic demands as evidenced by decreased energy, weakness, and reduced activity tolerance.

• #13 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Hyperthermia related to systemic fungal infection as evidenced by elevated temperature, night sweats, and warm skin. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor temperature q4h Rationale: Tracks fever patterns and response to treatment, Administer antipyretics as ordered Rationale: Reduces fever and associated discomfort, Implement cooling measures Rationale: Assists in temperature regulation, Promote adequate hydration Rationale: Prevents dehydration and supports temperature regulation. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain normal temperature, The patient will demonstrate adequate hydration, The patient will report improved comfort, The patient will show no signs of complications. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to the inflammatory process and increased metabolic demands as evidenced by decreased energy, weakness, and reduced activity tolerance.

• #14 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Hyperthermia related to systemic fungal infection as evidenced by elevated temperature, night sweats, and warm skin. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor temperature q4h Rationale: Tracks fever patterns and response to treatment, Administer antipyretics as ordered Rationale: Reduces fever and associated discomfort, Implement cooling measures Rationale: Assists in temperature regulation, Promote adequate hydration Rationale: Prevents dehydration and supports temperature regulation. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain normal temperature, The patient will demonstrate adequate hydration, The patient will report improved comfort, The patient will show no signs of complications. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to the inflammatory process and increased metabolic demands as evidenced by decreased energy, weakness, and reduced activity tolerance.

• #15 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Conserves energy and prevents exhaustion, Monitor activity tolerance Rationale: Prevents overexertion and guides activity progression, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Maintains function while preventing fatigue, Promote adequate nutrition Rationale: Supports energy levels and healing. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report improved energy levels, The patient will demonstrate increased activity tolerance, The patient will maintain adequate rest periods, The patient will participate in daily activities as able. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to immunocompromised status and systemic fungal infection as evidenced by potential for dissemination. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor for signs of dissemination Rationale: Enables early detection of complications, Implement infection control measures Rationale: Prevents secondary infections, Monitor laboratory values Rationale: Tracks disease progression and treatment response, Educate about infection prevention Rationale: Empowers patient in self-care and prevention.

• #16 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Conserves energy and prevents exhaustion, Monitor activity tolerance Rationale: Prevents overexertion and guides activity progression, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Maintains function while preventing fatigue, Promote adequate nutrition Rationale: Supports energy levels and healing. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report improved energy levels, The patient will demonstrate increased activity tolerance, The patient will maintain adequate rest periods, The patient will participate in daily activities as able. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to immunocompromised status and systemic fungal infection as evidenced by potential for dissemination. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor for signs of dissemination Rationale: Enables early detection of complications, Implement infection control measures Rationale: Prevents secondary infections, Monitor laboratory values Rationale: Tracks disease progression and treatment response, Educate about infection prevention Rationale: Empowers patient in self-care and prevention.

• #17 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Conserves energy and prevents exhaustion, Monitor activity tolerance Rationale: Prevents overexertion and guides activity progression, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Maintains function while preventing fatigue, Promote adequate nutrition Rationale: Supports energy levels and healing. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report improved energy levels, The patient will demonstrate increased activity tolerance, The patient will maintain adequate rest periods, The patient will participate in daily activities as able. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to immunocompromised status and systemic fungal infection as evidenced by potential for dissemination. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor for signs of dissemination Rationale: Enables early detection of complications, Implement infection control measures Rationale: Prevents secondary infections, Monitor laboratory values Rationale: Tracks disease progression and treatment response, Educate about infection prevention Rationale: Empowers patient in self-care and prevention.

• #18 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will remain free from secondary infections, The patient will demonstrate proper infection control measures, The patient will show improved immune function, The patient will verbalize understanding of prevention strategies. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to systemic infection as evidenced by weight loss and decreased appetite. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor weight and intake Rationale: Tracks nutritional status and guides interventions, Provide small, frequent meals Rationale: Improves nutrition intake and reduces fatigue, Offer high-protein, high-calorie options Rationale: Supports healing and maintains weight, Consult with dietitian Rationale: Ensures optimal nutritional support. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain a stable weight, The patient will demonstrate an improved appetite, The patient will meet daily nutritional requirements, The patient will show signs of improved strength.

• #19 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will remain free from secondary infections, The patient will demonstrate proper infection control measures, The patient will show improved immune function, The patient will verbalize understanding of prevention strategies. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to systemic infection as evidenced by weight loss and decreased appetite. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor weight and intake Rationale: Tracks nutritional status and guides interventions, Provide small, frequent meals Rationale: Improves nutrition intake and reduces fatigue, Offer high-protein, high-calorie options Rationale: Supports healing and maintains weight, Consult with dietitian Rationale: Ensures optimal nutritional support. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain a stable weight, The patient will demonstrate an improved appetite, The patient will meet daily nutritional requirements, The patient will show signs of improved strength.

• #20 Histoplasmosis: Treatment, Contagious, Symptoms & Test

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/histoplasmosis/article_em.htm

  Patients with the symptoms of histoplasmosis (or pneumonia), especially if they have any of the risk factors listed above, should not attempt home care; they should seek medical care urgently. […] For asymptomatic or people with acute localized infection who are otherwise healthy, antifungal treatment is usually not recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the infection will resolve on its own in about three weeks. […] Follow-up is important for patients with histoplasmosis because treatment should be regularly given over long terms of time (often six to 12 months), and itraconazole blood levels should be examined to be sure dosage is effective, and patients need to be monitored for symptom resolution or relapses by the doctor.

• #21 Histoplasmosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/histoplasmosis.html

  Mild disease usually resolves without treatment. Severe cases of acute histoplasmosis and all cases of chronic and disseminated disease are treated with specific antifungal medications.

• #22 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Most infections in individuals who are immunocompetent are self-limiting and do not require therapy. In cases of prolonged infection, cases of systemic infection, or those involving individuals who are immunocompromised, medical treatment is recommended. […] In patients with prolonged symptoms (4 wk) or those with overwhelming pulmonary involvement, initiate medical therapy with itraconazole for 6-12 weeks. Response to therapy should be monitored via chest imaging. Patients should be monitored for several years after treatment for possible relapse. […] Patients with severe infection should be treated with amphotericin B for 1-2 weeks; once the patient is stable, amphotericin B may be changed to itraconazole and should be continued for 1 year. […] Patients with cavitary lesions must be treated, in most patients itraconazole is sufficient and should be given for one year. Relapse may occur in up to 15% of patients.

• #23 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Initiate medical therapy for all patients with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and meningitis. […] Therapy is indicated only for prolonged episodes or in individuals who are immunosuppressed. […] In rare cases of overwhelming infection, extensive pulmonary involvement may cause severe hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In these instances, initiate antifungal therapy and arrange inpatient supportive respiratory care. […] Inpatient care is required when transformation to subacute or acute infection occurs. […] Patients may require inpatient intensive care monitoring, especially those with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and overwhelming acute progressive histoplasmosis. […] Obtain the following consultations when complications of histoplasmal infection compromise organ systems; seek out a specialist to perform diagnostic procedures if other modalities do not provide adequate information to make a diagnosis.

• #24 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: A Clinical Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/236

  In patients with moderately severe to severe acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, Lipid Amphotericin B (3.0–5.0 mg/kg daily intravenously for 1–2 weeks) followed by itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then 200 mg twice daily, for a total of 12 weeks) is recommended. […] All patients with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis should receive therapy, as therapy is associated with decreased mortality, and regression of the pulmonary infiltrates in two-thirds of cases. […] The current guidelines recommend itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then once or twice daily for at least 1 year), but some experts recommend 18–24 months in view of the risk for relapse, which occurs in 10% to 20% of the cases.

• #25 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Initiate medical therapy for all patients with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and meningitis. […] Therapy is indicated only for prolonged episodes or in individuals who are immunosuppressed. […] In rare cases of overwhelming infection, extensive pulmonary involvement may cause severe hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In these instances, initiate antifungal therapy and arrange inpatient supportive respiratory care. […] Inpatient care is required when transformation to subacute or acute infection occurs. […] Patients may require inpatient intensive care monitoring, especially those with progressive disseminated histoplasmosis and overwhelming acute progressive histoplasmosis. […] Obtain the following consultations when complications of histoplasmal infection compromise organ systems; seek out a specialist to perform diagnostic procedures if other modalities do not provide adequate information to make a diagnosis.

• #26 Fungus Among Us: What Patients and Parents Need to Know About Histoplasmosis

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2020/11/what-patients-and-parents-need-to-know-about-histoplasmosis

  Patients with histoplasmosis infection can develop minimal or mild symptoms, pneumonia, and more severe (also known as disseminated) disease, where the infection affects multiple organs (for example, lungs, bone marrow, liver, spleen, heart, brain). The severity of the infection and symptoms depends on the amount of fungal exposure and the persons underlying immune system. […] When infection is suspected or confirmed, treatment with an antifungal medication is usually needed in young children and immunocompromised individuals. The type of antifungal will depend on the extent and severity of the infection. Depending on the severity of the infection, this will either be an oral pill or an intravenous (IV) medication and treatment can last many months. […] If your child develops symptoms that could be histoplasmosis, contact their health care provider as soon as possible. […] The Infectious Disease Host Defense Team at Nationwide Children’s Hospital is available to help with the diagnosis and management of histoplasmosis infections in immunocompromised children, teenagers, and young adults.

• #27 Histoplasmosis – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/fungi/histoplasmosis

  Histoplasmosis is a pulmonary and hematogenous disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it is often chronic and usually follows an asymptomatic primary infection. […] Treatment, when necessary, is with amphotericin B or an azole. […] For mild to moderate infection, use itraconazole. […] For severe infection, use liposomal amphotericin B, followed by itraconazole. […] Acute primary histoplasmosis requires no antifungal therapy unless there is no spontaneous improvement after 1 month. If infection does not resolve, treatment is with itraconazole 200 mg orally is given 3 times a day for 3 days, then 2 times a day for 6 to 12 weeks. […] Severe pneumonia requires more aggressive therapy with amphotericin B. […] For chronic cavitary histoplasmosis, itraconazole 200 mg orally is given 3 times a day for 3 days, then 2 times a day for 12 to 24 months.

• #28 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: A Clinical Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/236

  Histoplasma capsulatum, the etiological agent for histoplasmosis, is a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the environment and as a yeast in human tissues. […] While most immunocompetent patients with mild acute or subacute pulmonary histoplasmosis should receive therapy, all immunocompromised patients and those with chronic pulmonary disease or progressive disseminated disease should also receive therapy. […] Liposomal amphotericin B is the agent of choice for severe or disseminated disease, and itraconazole is recommended in milder cases or as “step-down” therapy after initial improvement with amphotericin B. […] In mild-to-moderate cases, treatment is usually unnecessary, though Itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then 200 mg once or twice daily for 6–12 weeks) should be given to patients with symptoms lasting over 1 month.

• #29 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: A Clinical Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/236

  In patients with moderately severe to severe acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, Lipid Amphotericin B (3.0–5.0 mg/kg daily intravenously for 1–2 weeks) followed by itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then 200 mg twice daily, for a total of 12 weeks) is recommended. […] All patients with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis should receive therapy, as therapy is associated with decreased mortality, and regression of the pulmonary infiltrates in two-thirds of cases. […] The current guidelines recommend itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then once or twice daily for at least 1 year), but some experts recommend 18–24 months in view of the risk for relapse, which occurs in 10% to 20% of the cases.

• #30 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  Two phases of treatment are required for AIDS patients with PDH. An induction phase, usually lasting 12 weeks, reverses symptoms and end-organ damage. This is followed by a maintenance phase to prevent recurrence. […] Because of the higher prevalence of pulmonary pathogens other than H capsulatum, empirical antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia in AIDS patients does not usually include antifungal agents. […] If the patient’s condition does not improve or deteriorates after several days of treatment, antifungal therapy usually should be initiated while awaiting test results. […] In a study by Johnson and associates, liposomal amphotericin B had an 88% success rate compared with 64% for amphotericin B deoxycholate in the induction phase of treatment of moderate to severe histoplasmosis in AIDS patients.

• #31 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis: A Clinical Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/236

  In patients with moderately severe to severe acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, Lipid Amphotericin B (3.0–5.0 mg/kg daily intravenously for 1–2 weeks) followed by itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then 200 mg twice daily, for a total of 12 weeks) is recommended. […] All patients with chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis should receive therapy, as therapy is associated with decreased mortality, and regression of the pulmonary infiltrates in two-thirds of cases. […] The current guidelines recommend itraconazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days and then once or twice daily for at least 1 year), but some experts recommend 18–24 months in view of the risk for relapse, which occurs in 10% to 20% of the cases.

• #32 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  Two phases of treatment are required for AIDS patients with PDH. An induction phase, usually lasting 12 weeks, reverses symptoms and end-organ damage. This is followed by a maintenance phase to prevent recurrence. […] Because of the higher prevalence of pulmonary pathogens other than H capsulatum, empirical antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia in AIDS patients does not usually include antifungal agents. […] If the patient’s condition does not improve or deteriorates after several days of treatment, antifungal therapy usually should be initiated while awaiting test results. […] In a study by Johnson and associates, liposomal amphotericin B had an 88% success rate compared with 64% for amphotericin B deoxycholate in the induction phase of treatment of moderate to severe histoplasmosis in AIDS patients.

• #33 Histoplasmosis: An Overview Treatment of Histoplasmosis | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/86238

  In patients with severe dyspnea, hypoxemia, and/or development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the addition of methylprednisolone (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg/d intravenously) for one to two weeks has been used in some patients with clinical benefit. […] The IDSA recommended treatment is: a one-to-two-week induction therapy, with liposomal amphotericin B, 3 mg/kg/day for severe disease or itraconazole, a 3-day loading dose of 3x200mg, and then long-term maintenance itraconazole therapy, 200 mg daily, for a minimum period of 12 months. […] The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guideline for the treatment of CNS histoplasmosis recommends an initial course of liposomal amphotericin B because it is known to penetrate CNS structure well (5 mg/kg daily for a total of 175 mg/kg over 46 weeks) followed by itraconazole (200 mg 23 times daily) for at least one year and until resolution of CSF abnormalities, including negative histoplasma antigen.

• #34 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Most infections in individuals who are immunocompetent are self-limiting and do not require therapy. In cases of prolonged infection, cases of systemic infection, or those involving individuals who are immunocompromised, medical treatment is recommended. […] In patients with prolonged symptoms (4 wk) or those with overwhelming pulmonary involvement, initiate medical therapy with itraconazole for 6-12 weeks. Response to therapy should be monitored via chest imaging. Patients should be monitored for several years after treatment for possible relapse. […] Patients with severe infection should be treated with amphotericin B for 1-2 weeks; once the patient is stable, amphotericin B may be changed to itraconazole and should be continued for 1 year. […] Patients with cavitary lesions must be treated, in most patients itraconazole is sufficient and should be given for one year. Relapse may occur in up to 15% of patients.

• #35 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Itraconazole (200 mg/d) has been shown to be effective in the prevention of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients with CD4 counts of less than 150 cells/L who are at high risk for infection. […] Periodically observe thin-walled cavities with chest radiography to monitor for resolution. If symptoms or cavitations persist over a 2- to 4-month period, initiate antimicrobial treatment. […] Monitor disease progression or resolution with pulmonary function tests.

• #36 Histoplasmosis: Treatment, Contagious, Symptoms & Test

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/histoplasmosis/article_em.htm

  Patients with the symptoms of histoplasmosis (or pneumonia), especially if they have any of the risk factors listed above, should not attempt home care; they should seek medical care urgently. […] For asymptomatic or people with acute localized infection who are otherwise healthy, antifungal treatment is usually not recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the infection will resolve on its own in about three weeks. […] Follow-up is important for patients with histoplasmosis because treatment should be regularly given over long terms of time (often six to 12 months), and itraconazole blood levels should be examined to be sure dosage is effective, and patients need to be monitored for symptom resolution or relapses by the doctor.

• #37 Overview of Histoplasmosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/1215/p2247.html

  Histoplasmosis is an endemic infection in most of the United States and can be found worldwide. […] Antifungal therapy is indicated in chronic or disseminated disease and severe, acute infection. Amphotericin B is the agent of choice in severe cases; however, patients must be monitored for nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia. […] Itraconazole is effective in moderate disease and is well tolerated, even with long-term use. […] Treatment of histoplasmosis depends on the severity of the clinical syndrome. Mild cases may require only symptomatic measures, but antifungal therapy is indicated in all cases of chronic or disseminated disease and in severe or prolonged acute pulmonary infection. […] Amphotericin B (Fungizone IV) is considered the treatment of choice in severe or disseminated disease. […] Itraconazole is an effective treatment in mild or moderate cases of disseminated histoplasmosis, as well as in acute and chronic pulmonary disease.

• #38 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Itraconazole (200 mg/d) has been shown to be effective in the prevention of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients with CD4 counts of less than 150 cells/L who are at high risk for infection. […] Periodically observe thin-walled cavities with chest radiography to monitor for resolution. If symptoms or cavitations persist over a 2- to 4-month period, initiate antimicrobial treatment. […] Monitor disease progression or resolution with pulmonary function tests.

• #39 Histoplasmosis: Treatment, Contagious, Symptoms & Test

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/histoplasmosis/article_em.htm

  Patients with the symptoms of histoplasmosis (or pneumonia), especially if they have any of the risk factors listed above, should not attempt home care; they should seek medical care urgently. […] For asymptomatic or people with acute localized infection who are otherwise healthy, antifungal treatment is usually not recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the infection will resolve on its own in about three weeks. […] Follow-up is important for patients with histoplasmosis because treatment should be regularly given over long terms of time (often six to 12 months), and itraconazole blood levels should be examined to be sure dosage is effective, and patients need to be monitored for symptom resolution or relapses by the doctor.

• #40 FloridaHealthFinder | Histoplasmosis | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/001082

  Histoplasmosis is an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. […] In otherwise healthy people, this infection usually goes away without treatment. […] If you are sick for more than 1 month or are having trouble breathing, your provider may prescribe medicine. The main treatment for histoplasmosis is antifungal drugs. […] Antifungals may need to be given through a vein, depending on the form or stage of disease. […] Some of these medicines can have side effects. […] Long-term treatment with antifungal drugs may be needed for up to 1 to 2 years. […] The outlook depends on how severe the infection is, and your general health condition. […] Some people get better without treatment. […] An active infection will usually go away with antifungal medicine.

• #41 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

• #42 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor Respiratory Status: Assess breathing patterns, Monitor oxygen saturation, Auscultate lung sounds, Document cough characteristics, Note the use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to inflammatory response in pulmonary tissue as evidenced by dyspnea, tachypnea, and decreased oxygen saturation. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Position patient for optimal breathing Rationale: Improves lung expansion and reduces work of breathing, Monitor oxygen saturation Rationale: Ensures adequate oxygenation and early detection of deterioration, Administer prescribed medications Rationale: Reduces inflammation and improves respiratory function, Teach breathing exercises Rationale: Enhances pulmonary function and reduces anxiety. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain oxygen saturation 95%, The patient will demonstrate an improved breathing pattern, The patient will report decreased dyspnea, The patient will effectively use prescribed breathing techniques.

• #43 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Hyperthermia related to systemic fungal infection as evidenced by elevated temperature, night sweats, and warm skin. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor temperature q4h Rationale: Tracks fever patterns and response to treatment, Administer antipyretics as ordered Rationale: Reduces fever and associated discomfort, Implement cooling measures Rationale: Assists in temperature regulation, Promote adequate hydration Rationale: Prevents dehydration and supports temperature regulation. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain normal temperature, The patient will demonstrate adequate hydration, The patient will report improved comfort, The patient will show no signs of complications. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Fatigue related to the inflammatory process and increased metabolic demands as evidenced by decreased energy, weakness, and reduced activity tolerance.

• #44 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Conserves energy and prevents exhaustion, Monitor activity tolerance Rationale: Prevents overexertion and guides activity progression, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Maintains function while preventing fatigue, Promote adequate nutrition Rationale: Supports energy levels and healing. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report improved energy levels, The patient will demonstrate increased activity tolerance, The patient will maintain adequate rest periods, The patient will participate in daily activities as able. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to immunocompromised status and systemic fungal infection as evidenced by potential for dissemination. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor for signs of dissemination Rationale: Enables early detection of complications, Implement infection control measures Rationale: Prevents secondary infections, Monitor laboratory values Rationale: Tracks disease progression and treatment response, Educate about infection prevention Rationale: Empowers patient in self-care and prevention.

• #45 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

• #46 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  The nursing care plan for histoplasmosis is a comprehensive and patient-centered approach designed to address the unique challenges posed by this fungal infection. […] The nursing care plan acknowledges the importance of early detection, prompt intervention, and patient education to effectively manage histoplasmosis. Nurses play a crucial role in assessing patients, monitoring their clinical status, and providing evidence-based interventions to promote recovery and prevent complications. […] This nursing care plan encompasses various aspects of care, including respiratory support, infection control, pain management, and patient education. […] Patient education is a key component of the nursing care plan, as it empowers patients to understand the transmission and prevention of histoplasmosis, adhere to prescribed treatments, and recognize signs of worsening symptoms.

• #47 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

• #48 Managing Your Ohio River Valley Fever (Histoplasmosis) – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/histoplasmosis

  Mild infections in generally healthy people may go away without treatment. […] In most people, treatment with antifungal medicine is needed. This medicine can be given by mouth (orally) or intravenously. […] Antifungal medicine may be needed for a long time, often 1 year or more. People with weak immune systems may need lifelong treatment. […] Antifungal medicines should always be finished. Stopping too soon may let the disease come back. […] A healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and good diet helps the body fight the infection. […] Workers in dirty or dusty areas should wear facemasks and protective clothing. […] DO visit your health care provider regularly. […] DO take your medicines prescribed by your health care provider. […] DO contact your health care provider if you cough up blood or have new symptoms or worsening shortness of breath. […] DONT delay getting medical care if your symptoms get worse. […] DONT stop taking your medicine without talking to your health care provider.

• #49

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=acg9293

  Most people recover from a mild infection without treatment. Antifungal medicines may be used if the infection is severe, doesn’t go away, or has spread from the lungs to other organs. You may take medicines for months or up to a few years. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #50 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 108 Issue 2 (2023)

  https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/108/2/article-p239.xml

  Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent causes of fungal respiratory infection in endemic regions; it has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and can present in several forms. […] The risk of histoplasmosis is greatest in patients with severely impaired cellular immunity, especially those with HIV and CD4+ counts of 150 cells/L. […] Pulmonary histoplasmosis is a common manifestation of Histoplasma infection, with features similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis; if it remains undiagnosed or untreated, it can also cause significant morbidity and mortality. […] Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for moderate to severe and disseminated presentations, whereas itraconazole is appropriate for mild disease and as step-down therapy.

• #51 Histoplasmosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/299054-treatment

  Itraconazole (200 mg/d) has been shown to be effective in the prevention of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients with CD4 counts of less than 150 cells/L who are at high risk for infection. […] Periodically observe thin-walled cavities with chest radiography to monitor for resolution. If symptoms or cavitations persist over a 2- to 4-month period, initiate antimicrobial treatment. […] Monitor disease progression or resolution with pulmonary function tests.

• #52 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published practice guidelines for the management of histoplasmosis that recommend a 1- to 2-week course of either liposomal amphotericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex for the initial treatment of moderately severe to severe PDH. […] In cases of mild to moderate PHD, itraconazole may suffice for initial treatment. […] Itraconazole is recommended for maintenance therapy and has been recommended for life in AIDS patients. […] However, it may be safely discontinued if 1 year of treatment has been completed in addition to at least 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the patient’s CD4+ cell count is greater than 150/L. […] AIDS patients with CD4+ cell counts less than 150/L who do not have histoplasmosis but who reside in areas with a significant incidence of this disease should receive prophylactic itraconazole therapy.

• #53 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published practice guidelines for the management of histoplasmosis that recommend a 1- to 2-week course of either liposomal amphotericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex for the initial treatment of moderately severe to severe PDH. […] In cases of mild to moderate PHD, itraconazole may suffice for initial treatment. […] Itraconazole is recommended for maintenance therapy and has been recommended for life in AIDS patients. […] However, it may be safely discontinued if 1 year of treatment has been completed in addition to at least 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the patient’s CD4+ cell count is greater than 150/L. […] AIDS patients with CD4+ cell counts less than 150/L who do not have histoplasmosis but who reside in areas with a significant incidence of this disease should receive prophylactic itraconazole therapy.

• #54 Histoplasmosis | Eye Disorders | Ophthalmology | Area of Care | SUNY Downstate

  https://www.downstate.edu/patient-care/find-treatment/areas-of-care/ophthalmology/eye-disorders/histoplasmosis.html

  Histoplasmosis is a disease caused when airborne spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum are inhaled into the lungs, the primary infection site. […] However, histoplasmosis, even mild cases, can later cause a serious eye disease called ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS), a leading cause of vision loss in Americans ages 20 to 40. […] OHS develops when fragile, abnormal blood vessels grow underneath the retina. […] Early treatment of OHS is essential; if the abnormal blood vessels have affected the fovea, controlling the disease will be more difficult. […] Although only a tiny fraction of the people infected with the histo fungus ever develops OHS, any person who has had histoplasmosis should be alert for any changes in vision similar to those described above. […] OHS usually has no symptoms in its early stages; the initial OHS infection usually subsides without the need for treatment.

• #55 Histoplasmosis | Eye Disorders | Ophthalmology | Area of Care | SUNY Downstate

  https://www.downstate.edu/patient-care/find-treatment/areas-of-care/ophthalmology/eye-disorders/histoplasmosis.html

  Because these symptoms indicate that OHS has already progressed enough to affect vision, anyone who has been exposed to histoplasmosis and perceives even slight changes in vision should consult an eye care professional. […] The only proven treatment for OHS is a form of laser surgery called photocoagulation. […] Laser photocoagulation usually does not restore lost vision. […] OHS cannot be cured. […] It is crucial to detect and treat OHS as early as possible before it causes significant visual impairment. […] Many eye care professionals advise patients who have received treatment for OHS, as well as those with histo spots, to check their vision daily with the Amsler grid one eye at a time.

• #56 Histoplasmosis | Eye Disorders | Ophthalmology | Area of Care | SUNY Downstate

  https://www.downstate.edu/patient-care/find-treatment/areas-of-care/ophthalmology/eye-disorders/histoplasmosis.html

  Because these symptoms indicate that OHS has already progressed enough to affect vision, anyone who has been exposed to histoplasmosis and perceives even slight changes in vision should consult an eye care professional. […] The only proven treatment for OHS is a form of laser surgery called photocoagulation. […] Laser photocoagulation usually does not restore lost vision. […] OHS cannot be cured. […] It is crucial to detect and treat OHS as early as possible before it causes significant visual impairment. […] Many eye care professionals advise patients who have received treatment for OHS, as well as those with histo spots, to check their vision daily with the Amsler grid one eye at a time.

• #57 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis (POHS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5635-histoplasmosis

  If you have ongoing vision problems, you may benefit from low vision rehabilitation. A therapist teaches you methods for safely navigating everyday life. Suggestions may include eliminating tripping hazards in your home. […] If you are at risk, regular check-ups enable healthcare providers to detect early histoplasmosis symptoms. In people who test positive, timely ocular histoplasmosis treatment can help you avoid permanent vision changes.

• #58 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis (POHS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5635-histoplasmosis

  POHS is an eye condition thats a complication of histoplasmosis. It happens when the disease travels through the bloodstream to the back of the eyes. […] Your care may also include a fluorescein angiography. The procedure starts by injecting a special dye into a vein. The dye travels through the bloodstream to reach the blood vessels in your eye. A special camera takes pictures, making it possible to detect choroidal neovascularization. […] Not everyone needs treatment. If Histoplasma capsulatum is not affecting your vision, you may only need monitoring. […] Your care will likely not include antifungal medications. Even though a fungus causes ocular histoplasmosis, its not the same as having a fungal infection. […] Instead, your care may include therapies to stop choroidal neovascularization, such as: Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy: You receive injections of anti-VEGF in the affected eye. This substance blocks abnormal blood vessel development, which can relieve symptoms. It may take several injections before you notice results.

• #59 IDSA 2025 Guideline Update on the Treatment of Asymptomatic Histoplasma Pulmonary Nodules (Histoplasmomas) and Mild or Moderate Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/histoplasmosis-2025/

  In patients with asymptomatic, previously untreated Histoplasma pulmonary nodules (histoplasmomas), for which patients should antifungal treatment be initiated? […] In adults and children with asymptomatic non-calcified pulmonary nodules related to histoplasmosis with no evidence of other active sites, or asymptomatic patients with known untreated prior infection, the panel suggests against routinely providing treatment for histoplasmosis to prevent reactivation (conditional* recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). […] Treatment of pregnant individuals should only be considered after carefully weighing the potential benefits vs. harms of treatment, ideally in consultation with a maternal fetal medicine specialist and an infectious diseases specialist, as these cases are rare, complex, and highly variable. If treatment is necessary, azoles should be avoided in the first trimester when possible and liposomal amphotericin B used instead.

• #60 IDSA 2025 Guideline Update on the Treatment of Asymptomatic Histoplasma Pulmonary Nodules (Histoplasmomas) and Mild or Moderate Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/histoplasmosis-2025/

  In patients with asymptomatic, previously untreated Histoplasma pulmonary nodules (histoplasmomas), for which patients should antifungal treatment be initiated? […] In adults and children with asymptomatic non-calcified pulmonary nodules related to histoplasmosis with no evidence of other active sites, or asymptomatic patients with known untreated prior infection, the panel suggests against routinely providing treatment for histoplasmosis to prevent reactivation (conditional* recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). […] Treatment of pregnant individuals should only be considered after carefully weighing the potential benefits vs. harms of treatment, ideally in consultation with a maternal fetal medicine specialist and an infectious diseases specialist, as these cases are rare, complex, and highly variable. If treatment is necessary, azoles should be avoided in the first trimester when possible and liposomal amphotericin B used instead.

• #61 IDSA 2025 Guideline Update on the Treatment of Asymptomatic Histoplasma Pulmonary Nodules (Histoplasmomas) and Mild or Moderate Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/histoplasmosis-2025/

  When treatment is indicated, itraconazole is preferred. […] Treatment of pregnant individuals should only be considered after carefully weighing the potential benefits vs. harms of treatment, ideally in consultation with a maternal fetal medicine specialist and an infectious diseases specialist, as these cases are rare, complex, and highly variable. If treatment is necessary, azoles should be avoided in the first trimester when possible and liposomal amphotericin B used instead.

• #62 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Plan activities with rest periods Rationale: Conserves energy and prevents exhaustion, Monitor activity tolerance Rationale: Prevents overexertion and guides activity progression, Assist with ADLs as needed Rationale: Maintains function while preventing fatigue, Promote adequate nutrition Rationale: Supports energy levels and healing. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will report improved energy levels, The patient will demonstrate increased activity tolerance, The patient will maintain adequate rest periods, The patient will participate in daily activities as able. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to immunocompromised status and systemic fungal infection as evidenced by potential for dissemination. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor for signs of dissemination Rationale: Enables early detection of complications, Implement infection control measures Rationale: Prevents secondary infections, Monitor laboratory values Rationale: Tracks disease progression and treatment response, Educate about infection prevention Rationale: Empowers patient in self-care and prevention.

• #63 Histoplasmosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/histoplasmosis-7111772

  Histoplasmosis can also spread to the nervous system. If the membranes around the brain and spinal cord are infected, it can cause fungal meningitis. The leading symptoms of fungal meningitis are headache and a stiff neck. […] Others may get antifungal medications for moderate to severe infections of the lungs, infections that won’t go away on their own, or infections that have spread to other parts of the body, including the nervous system. […] Treatment may last three months to a year or longer, depending on the infection’s severity. […] Coping with histoplasmosis can be more challenging for individuals with weakened immune systems. It may require long-term treatment with antifungal medications that need infusions and can cause side effects. […] But, if you have been diagnosed with histoplasmosis, following your treatment plan as directed by your healthcare provider is vital. The medicines help clear the infection and reduce complications down the road.

• #64 Histoplasmosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001082.htm

  Contact your provider if you live in an area where histoplasmosis is common and you develop flu-like symptoms, chest pain, cough, or shortness of breath. […] Histoplasmosis may be prevented by reducing your exposure to dust in chicken coops, bat caves, and other high-risk locations. Wear masks and other protective equipment if you work in or go into these environments.

• #65 About Histoplasmosis and Work | Histoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/histoplasmosis/about/index.html

  Anyone who works with or near material contaminated with Histoplasma can develop histoplasmosis. […] There are ways to prevent work-related histoplasmosis. […] There are also methods people can use to protect themselves and others from exposure. […] If you think you’ve been exposed to Histoplasma at work, you should contact your crew leader or supervisor. […] If your workplace does not have these services, you should contact your local city, county, or state health department. […] We do not know if antifungal medication (prophylaxis) can prevent histoplasmosis after a workplace exposure. However, it can be considered for high-risk exposures. […] If you think you have histoplasmosis after working in an area where Histoplasma is common: Report your symptoms to your crew leader or supervisor.

• #66 Histoplasmosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001082.htm

  Contact your provider if you live in an area where histoplasmosis is common and you develop flu-like symptoms, chest pain, cough, or shortness of breath. […] Histoplasmosis may be prevented by reducing your exposure to dust in chicken coops, bat caves, and other high-risk locations. Wear masks and other protective equipment if you work in or go into these environments.

• #67 FloridaHealthFinder | Histoplasmosis | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/001082

  The death rate is higher for people with untreated disseminated histoplasmosis who have a weakened immune system. […] Contact your provider if you live in an area where histoplasmosis is common and you develop flu-like symptoms, chest pain, cough, or shortness of breath. […] Histoplasmosis may be prevented by reducing exposure to dust in chicken coops, bat caves, and other high-risk locations. Wear masks and other protective equipment if you work in or go into these environments.

• #68 How to handle progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/how-handle-progressive-disseminated-histoplasmosis

  The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published practice guidelines for the management of histoplasmosis that recommend a 1- to 2-week course of either liposomal amphotericin B or amphotericin B lipid complex for the initial treatment of moderately severe to severe PDH. […] In cases of mild to moderate PHD, itraconazole may suffice for initial treatment. […] Itraconazole is recommended for maintenance therapy and has been recommended for life in AIDS patients. […] However, it may be safely discontinued if 1 year of treatment has been completed in addition to at least 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the patient’s CD4+ cell count is greater than 150/L. […] AIDS patients with CD4+ cell counts less than 150/L who do not have histoplasmosis but who reside in areas with a significant incidence of this disease should receive prophylactic itraconazole therapy.

• #69 Histoplasmosis | Veterinary Public Health | LAC DPH

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/vet/Histoplasmosis/

  Histoplasmosis is an illness that can affect both people and animals. It is caused by a microscopic fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. People can get this infection by breathing in tiny fungal spores in soil, dried bird droppings, bat droppings, or old wood. You cannot catch it directly from a sick animal or person. […] Histoplasmosis is diagnosed by a veterinarian via a combination of reviewing the clinical signs (symptoms) and response to any treatments already attempted. The most commonly used tests are: […] Histoplasmosis is treated through: […] There is currently no reliable way of preventing histoplasmosis, and there is no way to completely eliminate Histoplasma from the environment. […] It is strongly recommended to take precautions when cleaning up bat or bird feces, especially if they are in a closed in, poorly ventilated area.

• #70 About Histoplasmosis and Work | Histoplasmosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/histoplasmosis/about/index.html

  People who are also at risk include: Workers in occupations or industries exposed to bird or bat droppings. […] Most of what we know about jobs that may be related to a higher chance of getting sick comes from outbreak investigations. […] Approximately one-third of histoplasmosis outbreaks in the United States are work-related. […] Examples of people affected by work-related histoplasmosis outbreaks include: Bridge workers. […] Histoplasmosis outbreaks have also affected people who were exposed in the workplace but not directly involved in activities that initiated the outbreak.

• #71 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  The nursing care plan for histoplasmosis is a comprehensive and patient-centered approach designed to address the unique challenges posed by this fungal infection. […] The nursing care plan acknowledges the importance of early detection, prompt intervention, and patient education to effectively manage histoplasmosis. Nurses play a crucial role in assessing patients, monitoring their clinical status, and providing evidence-based interventions to promote recovery and prevent complications. […] This nursing care plan encompasses various aspects of care, including respiratory support, infection control, pain management, and patient education. […] Patient education is a key component of the nursing care plan, as it empowers patients to understand the transmission and prevention of histoplasmosis, adhere to prescribed treatments, and recognize signs of worsening symptoms.

• #72 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

• #73 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

• #74 One Health Resource Center

  https://www.healio.com/news/infectious-disease/20240913/histoplasmosis-more-common-in-rural-areas-of-us

  Cases of histoplasmosis are more common in rural areas of the United States and places with less health care infrastructure, according to a new study. […] According to the CDC, histoplasmosis is often diagnosed late or missed altogether. The researchers noted that many vulnerable communities in the U.S. do not have access to the specialists who diagnose most cases of the lung infection: pulmonologists and infectious disease physicians. […] In a summary of the study sent to reporters, the CDC said disparities in histoplasmosis could be addressed through increased awareness of histoplasmosis among health care providers, more accessible diagnostic tests, and investment in rural health services. […] It is critical for primary care providers to consider histoplasmosis in patients who live in or have traveled to histoplasmosis-endemic areas who have compatible signs and symptoms (eg, fever, cough, fatigue, chills, headache, chest pain, body aches) without improvement after empiric antibacterial medications, the researchers wrote.

• #75 Histoplasmosis Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/histoplasmosis-nursing-diagnosis/

  Desired Outcomes: The patient will remain free from secondary infections, The patient will demonstrate proper infection control measures, The patient will show improved immune function, The patient will verbalize understanding of prevention strategies. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to systemic infection as evidenced by weight loss and decreased appetite. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor weight and intake Rationale: Tracks nutritional status and guides interventions, Provide small, frequent meals Rationale: Improves nutrition intake and reduces fatigue, Offer high-protein, high-calorie options Rationale: Supports healing and maintains weight, Consult with dietitian Rationale: Ensures optimal nutritional support. […] Desired Outcomes: The patient will maintain a stable weight, The patient will demonstrate an improved appetite, The patient will meet daily nutritional requirements, The patient will show signs of improved strength.

• #76 Nursing Care Plan For Histoplasmosis – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-histoplasmosis/

  By identifying these nursing diagnoses, nurses can develop individualized care plans to address specific needs, promote effective management, and support patients through their recovery journey. […] The nursing interventions for histoplasmosis address the respiratory, physiological, and psychosocial needs of patients affected by this fungal infection. […] By providing evidence-based care, managing symptoms, and promoting patient education, nurses play a crucial role in supporting individuals through their recovery journey. […] The nursing care plan also focuses on addressing potential complications, such as skin integrity issues, neurological impairments, and anxiety, through vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions. […] By providing emotional support and education, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, alleviate anxiety, and make informed decisions about their treatment. […] The nursing care plan serves as a guiding framework for early detection, effective management, and patient education, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for individuals affected by histoplasmosis.

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