Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: Progress, challenges, and expert opinion – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36921459/

  The choice of pharmacotherapy should be guided by symptom profile, age, comorbidities (eg, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular problems), and concomitant medications (eg, oral contraceptives). Nonpharmacologic approaches have a role in management. An instrument (idiopathic hypersomnia severity scale) has been validated in idiopathic hypersomnia specifically, opening a path to better assessment of symptoms, impact, and response to treatment. Continued research on idiopathic hypersomnia is needed to support treatment algorithms.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Treatment Requires an Individualized Approach, Review Says

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment-requires-and-individualized-approach-review-says

  Idiopathic hypersomnia treatment should be determined based on factors like symptom profile, age, comorbidities, and additional medications, says review. […] Current guidelines recommend off-label medications to treat the disorder. Modafinil is the most commonly used treatment and improved sleepiness in 2 recent randomized placebo-controlled trials. […] In terms of pharmacologic management, success has been found with oxybates, like low sodium oxybates. […] Methylphanidate is suggested as a second-line treatment or conditionally in idiopathic hypersomnia guidelines. […] Lastly, melatonin and antidepressants have mixed evidence and are not recommended in guidelines but have been used to reduce awakening sleep inertia (melatonin) and to treat idiopathic hypersomnia (alerting antidepressants).

• #3 List of 7 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Medications Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/idiopathic-hypersomnia.html

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a debilitating neurologic sleep disorder characterized by chronic excessive daytime sleepiness, making it difficult to stay awake and alert during the day. […] Treatments for idiopathic hypersomnia are aimed at easing symptoms. Xywav (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) is the first and only FDA-approved treatment for idiopathic hypersomnia. Off-label treatments include wakefulness-promoting agents (modafinil and armodafinil) and psychostimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate). […] The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition. […] Modafinil: Smart Drug For Decision Fatigue Or Workaholic Crutch? […] How effective is Xywav for Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

• #4 First and Only Medicine Indicated to Treat Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/first-and-only-medicine-indicated-to-treat-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  This hypersomnia treatment just received an extended approval for cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the approval for Jazz Pharmaceuticals Xywav to include treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. […] According to the CEO of Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Bruce Cozadd, Xywav is „the first and only medicine indicated to treat idiopathic hypersomnia.” […] This decision is based on a randomized phase III study that showed Xywav led to „statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences” compared to placebo on the primary endpoint of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. […] „We have been working for nearly a decade to develop Xywav, a unique oxybate product with a significant reduction in sodium. We are proud to advance the science behind our sleep research program in order to continue making a difference for people living with narcolepsy,” Cozadd said following the first approval of Xywav.

• #5

  https://www.xywav.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Ask your doctor about the first and only FDAapproved treatment for adults with Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) […] It may be time to try XYWAV, the only medication approved by the FDA to treat IH. […] Discover XYWAVunlike stimulants and wakepromoting agents that are taken during the day, XYWAV is differentit’s taken at night. […] XYWAV (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) oral solution, 0.5 g/mL total salts (equivalent to 0.413 g/mL of oxybate) is a prescription medicine used to treat: idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in adults.

• #6

  https://www.xywav.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/what-is-xywav/

  The first and only FDAapproved treatment for adults with Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) […] There’s another way to manage IH: XYWAV, the first and only FDA-approved treatment for adults with IH. Unlike stimulants and wake-promoting agents that are taken during the day, XYWAV is taken at night to help treat multiple symptoms of Idiopathic Hypersomnia, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia (severe grogginess or confusion when waking up), long sleep time, and cognitive impairment. […] Adults with IH can take XYWAV once or twice nightly (at bedtime and again 2.5 to 4 hours later). Dosing with XYWAV can be individualized, so you can work with your doctor to find the dosing schedule that works for you. […] When I was first diagnosed with IH, my treatment plan focused on excessive daytime sleepiness, but I also needed help managing my other IH symptoms. Thats when my doctor told me about XYWAV. […] XYWAV (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) oral solution, 0.5 g/mL total salts (equivalent to 0.413 g/mL of oxybate) is a prescription medicine used to treat: idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in adults.

• #7 Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: Progress, challenges, and expert opinion – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36921459/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a central hypersomnolence disorder of unknown origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness despite normal or long sleep time, and frequent severe sleep inertia. Management strategies have been largely derived from expert consensus, due to a lack of disease-specific assessments and reliance on case series and rare randomized controlled studies. Guidelines recommend treatment with off-label medications. Modafinil, which was approved for idiopathic hypersomnia until 2011 in Europe, is the most commonly used treatment and improved sleepiness in two recent randomized placebo-controlled trials. In 2021, low-sodium oxybate (LXB) was approved in the United States for idiopathic hypersomnia. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study, LXB reduced daytime sleepiness and sleep inertia, and improved daily functioning.

• #8 FDA Approves Xywav for Idiopathic Hypersomnia | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/sleep-medicine/hypersomnias/fda-approves-xywav-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  FDA Approves Xywav for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in adults. […] The approval of Xywav will be instrumental in providing treatment for symptoms such as excessive sleepiness and difficulty waking, and in effectively managing this debilitating disorder. […] The effectiveness of Xywav was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized-withdrawal study in 154 adult patients (ages 19 to 75 years) with IH. […] Xywav has a boxed warning for central nervous system depression and abuse and misuse. […] Because of the potential risks associated with Xywav, it is subject to strict safety controls on prescribing and dispensing under a program called a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS).

• #9

  https://www.xywav.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/what-is-xywav/

  The first and only FDAapproved treatment for adults with Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) […] There’s another way to manage IH: XYWAV, the first and only FDA-approved treatment for adults with IH. Unlike stimulants and wake-promoting agents that are taken during the day, XYWAV is taken at night to help treat multiple symptoms of Idiopathic Hypersomnia, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia (severe grogginess or confusion when waking up), long sleep time, and cognitive impairment. […] Adults with IH can take XYWAV once or twice nightly (at bedtime and again 2.5 to 4 hours later). Dosing with XYWAV can be individualized, so you can work with your doctor to find the dosing schedule that works for you. […] When I was first diagnosed with IH, my treatment plan focused on excessive daytime sleepiness, but I also needed help managing my other IH symptoms. Thats when my doctor told me about XYWAV. […] XYWAV (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) oral solution, 0.5 g/mL total salts (equivalent to 0.413 g/mL of oxybate) is a prescription medicine used to treat: idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in adults.

• #10 FDA Approves Xywav for Idiopathic Hypersomnia | RT

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/sleep-medicine/hypersomnias/fda-approves-xywav-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  FDA Approves Xywav for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in adults. […] The approval of Xywav will be instrumental in providing treatment for symptoms such as excessive sleepiness and difficulty waking, and in effectively managing this debilitating disorder. […] The effectiveness of Xywav was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized-withdrawal study in 154 adult patients (ages 19 to 75 years) with IH. […] Xywav has a boxed warning for central nervous system depression and abuse and misuse. […] Because of the potential risks associated with Xywav, it is subject to strict safety controls on prescribing and dispensing under a program called a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS).

• #11 Treating Idiopathic HypersomniaShare to Facebookprint pageBookmark for latercaret iconFollow us on facebookFollow us on instagramFollow us on facebookFollow us on linkedincaret icon

  https://narcolepsy.sleep-disorders.net/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment

  Some non-stimulant drugs also promote wakefulness. These usually work by changing your dopamine levels. These include: Provigil (modafinil), Nuvigil (armodafinil), Sunosi (solriamfetol), Wakix (pitolisant). […] A few case studies and small trials have shown the benefits of modafinil in people with IH. Modafinil is the most commonly used medicine for IH. Modafinil and other medicines may reduce symptoms of IH. They may also have bothersome side effects, such as dizziness, nausea, and anxiety. […] We need larger clinical trials to understand how best to use modafinil and other medicines in IH. […] Some other narcolepsy drugs are emerging as treatments for IH. Researchers are still studying whether they may help reduce symptoms of IH. These drugs include: Xyrem (sodium oxybate), Biaxin (clarithromycin), Flumazenil.

• #12 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and sodium oxybate are effective treatments for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and, by extension, are also used for primary hypersomnias. […] The treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) remains challenging due to the limited number of FDA-approved medications specifically indicated for this condition. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence, modafinil is considered a strong option for treating IH. Lower-evidence treatments, qualified as conditional, include clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate. With the exception of sodium oxybate, which is FDA approved for IH, the other medications used for IH should be considered off-label.

• #13 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis & Management | Hypersomnolence Aust

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/diagnosisandmanagement

  HOW IS IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA TREATED? Managing Idiopathic Hypersomnia […] As the cause of IH is unknown, there is no cure nor medication specifically designed to treat it. Medications used to treat narcolepsy, including stimulants and wake-promoting medications, are prescribed to help manage daytime sleepiness. Unfortunately, these medications don’t address all symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction or the extreme difficulty waking up and sleep drunkenness. Stimulant and wake-promoting medications can be helpful to relieve sleepiness for some people, but they are rarely effective long-term and generally dont provide quality wakefulness. There are also potentially unpleasant side effects, which can include sleep deprivation, heart problems and anxiety. The mechanism of action of wake-promoting medications such modafinil and armodafinil is not completely known but they appear to influence brain chemistry that increases wakefulness.

• #14 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  Symptoms that may be improved include: […] Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) […] Cataplexy (C) […] Severe sleep inertia (SSI) […] Sleep disruption (SD) […] Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and narcolepsy […] The tables below show medicines that have reasonable evidence for use in treating person(s) with IH (PWIH) and/or person(s) with narcolepsy (PWN). […] Modafinil has been studied in placebo-controlled trials that included PWIH and has been shown to help with sleepiness in people with this disorder (see our journal article summary: “Does Modafinil Improve Sleepiness in People With IH Without Long Sleep Time?; see also Inoue, 2021 and Maski, 2021) […] Pitolisant improved sleepiness in approximately ⅓ of PWIH whose symptoms did not respond well to other medications (Leu-Semenescu, 2014)

• #15 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  Idiopathic hypersomnia treatment can help ease symptoms. […] A common medicine prescribed is the stimulant modafinil (Provigil). This medicine can help you stay awake during the day. Possible side effects of modafinil are headaches, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. Armodafinil (Nuvigil) also can treat idiopathic hypersomnia. Possible side effects of this medicine are headache, dizziness, nausea, upper respiratory tract infections, drowsiness and swelling of the spaces inside the nose. […] Other medicines suggested by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine include: Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Lumryz). Clarithromycin (Biaxin XL). Pitolisant (Wakix). Methylphenidate (Quillivant XR, Daytrana, others). […] More recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a medicine with lower sodium called oxybate (Xywav) to treat idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. […] Some lifestyle habits may help your symptoms. These include following a regular nighttime sleep schedule, not drinking alcohol and not taking medicines that can affect your sleep.

• #16 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  Idiopathic hypersomnia treatment can help ease symptoms. […] A common medicine prescribed is the stimulant modafinil (Provigil). This medicine can help you stay awake during the day. Possible side effects of modafinil are headaches, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. Armodafinil (Nuvigil) also can treat idiopathic hypersomnia. Possible side effects of this medicine are headache, dizziness, nausea, upper respiratory tract infections, drowsiness and swelling of the spaces inside the nose. […] Other medicines suggested by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine include: Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Lumryz). Clarithromycin (Biaxin XL). Pitolisant (Wakix). Methylphenidate (Quillivant XR, Daytrana, others). […] More recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a medicine with lower sodium called oxybate (Xywav) to treat idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. […] Some lifestyle habits may help your symptoms. These include following a regular nighttime sleep schedule, not drinking alcohol and not taking medicines that can affect your sleep.

• #17 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia is primarily symptomatic involving education (sleep hygiene and lifestyle modifications), with the option to use the FDA-approved low-sodium oxybate as well as off-label usage of wake-promoting agents, stimulants, or the like. […] In 2021, the FDA approved low-sodium oxybate for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia, based on demonstrated improvements in the primary (Epworth sleepiness scale scores) and secondary (patient global impression of change and idiopathic hypersomnia severity scale score) endpoints in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study. […] Nonmedication treatment can include lifestyle modification, attention to sleep hygiene, or scheduled naps. […] Modafinil and armodafinil (the R racemate of modafinil) have a benefit/risk profile in idiopathic hypersomnia similar to their effect on narcolepsy type 1.

• #18 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are most used stimulants to controlled EDS. […] Solriamfetol is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. […] Pitolisant, a selective histamine 3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, was approved by FDA during August 2019. It works by increasing the synthesis and release of histamine, a wake-promoting neurotransmitter in the brain. […] Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) is an orphan drug which was designed specifically for the treatment of narcolepsy. […] Although behavioral approaches have not been demonstrated to improve clinical markers of IH, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to potentially reduce depressive symptoms and improve self-efficacy in people with hypersomnia.

• #19 Dr Michael Thorpy Discusses Pharmacological Pathways for Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/dr-michael-thorpy-discusses-pharmacological-pathways-for-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  There’s another medication that’s approved for narcolepsy called pitolisant, and this is now being studied for idiopathic hypersomnia. […] There is also a different form of oxybate that’s available, it’s called once-nightly oxybate. […] And finally, there’s a new class of drugs called orexin agonists, and these are being studied mainly in narcolepsy, but one of the companies is studying the same medication, or a form of the medication, in idiopathic hypersomnia. […] But there’s never been an FDA-approved treatment for it until the low-sodium oxybate was approved in 2021.

• #20 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  Symptoms that may be improved include: […] Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) […] Cataplexy (C) […] Severe sleep inertia (SSI) […] Sleep disruption (SD) […] Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and narcolepsy […] The tables below show medicines that have reasonable evidence for use in treating person(s) with IH (PWIH) and/or person(s) with narcolepsy (PWN). […] Modafinil has been studied in placebo-controlled trials that included PWIH and has been shown to help with sleepiness in people with this disorder (see our journal article summary: “Does Modafinil Improve Sleepiness in People With IH Without Long Sleep Time?; see also Inoue, 2021 and Maski, 2021) […] Pitolisant improved sleepiness in approximately ⅓ of PWIH whose symptoms did not respond well to other medications (Leu-Semenescu, 2014)

• #21 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  The FDA approved calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates (Xywav) for adults with IH in August 2021. Calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium oxybates is a CNS depressant that contains salts of gamma hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous compound and metabolite of the neurotransmitter GABA. […] Daytime stimulant treatments for IH aim to maintain alertness during the day. Modafinil and methylphenidate (Ritalin) are the most commonly prescribed medications for IH. […] Modafinil and armodafinil have proved clinically useful in the treatment of narcolepsy and other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, such as IH. […] Pitolisant is a wake-promoting agent that increases CNS histamine via blocking presynaptic H3 reuptake. […] While not directly approved for the treatment of IH, pitolisant is FDA approved for the treatment of narcolepsy and has shown promising results in retrospective studies for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in IH. […] Solriamfetol is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor also approved for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea.

• #22 Treating Idiopathic HypersomniaShare to Facebookprint pageBookmark for latercaret iconFollow us on facebookFollow us on instagramFollow us on facebookFollow us on linkedincaret icon

  https://narcolepsy.sleep-disorders.net/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment

  Some non-stimulant drugs also promote wakefulness. These usually work by changing your dopamine levels. These include: Provigil (modafinil), Nuvigil (armodafinil), Sunosi (solriamfetol), Wakix (pitolisant). […] A few case studies and small trials have shown the benefits of modafinil in people with IH. Modafinil is the most commonly used medicine for IH. Modafinil and other medicines may reduce symptoms of IH. They may also have bothersome side effects, such as dizziness, nausea, and anxiety. […] We need larger clinical trials to understand how best to use modafinil and other medicines in IH. […] Some other narcolepsy drugs are emerging as treatments for IH. Researchers are still studying whether they may help reduce symptoms of IH. These drugs include: Xyrem (sodium oxybate), Biaxin (clarithromycin), Flumazenil.

• #23 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Treatment Requires an Individualized Approach, Review Says

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment-requires-and-individualized-approach-review-says

  Idiopathic hypersomnia treatment should be determined based on factors like symptom profile, age, comorbidities, and additional medications, says review. […] Current guidelines recommend off-label medications to treat the disorder. Modafinil is the most commonly used treatment and improved sleepiness in 2 recent randomized placebo-controlled trials. […] In terms of pharmacologic management, success has been found with oxybates, like low sodium oxybates. […] Methylphanidate is suggested as a second-line treatment or conditionally in idiopathic hypersomnia guidelines. […] Lastly, melatonin and antidepressants have mixed evidence and are not recommended in guidelines but have been used to reduce awakening sleep inertia (melatonin) and to treat idiopathic hypersomnia (alerting antidepressants).

• #24 What is the evidence for the efficacy of treatments for idiopathic hypersomnia and their proposed mechanism of action? – The ENT Voice & Snoring Clinic

  https://www.entvoicesnoring.com/what-is-the-evidence-for-the-efficacy-of-treatments-for-idiopathic-hypersomnia-and-their-proposed-mechanism-of-action/

  There are numerous agents that have been used in the treatment of IH. These drugs are used off-label as there are no specifically FDA approved drugs for the treatment of IH. […] Modafinil is one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of IH. It is considered to be effective and is used as a first-line therapeutic option. […] Dextroamphetamine has been studied in 2 retrospective studies and has been shown to improve EDS in IH in 1 of these studies. […] Methylphenidate is a stimulant that acts by blocking the reuptake of dopamine. […] Mazindol was studied by Nittur et al in 2013 as a treatment option in narcoleptics and IH patients refractory to treatment with modafinil, methylphenidate and sodium oxybate. […] Pitolisant is a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist, increasing arousals through histaminergic pathways.

• #25 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and sodium oxybate are effective treatments for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and, by extension, are also used for primary hypersomnias. […] The treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) remains challenging due to the limited number of FDA-approved medications specifically indicated for this condition. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence, modafinil is considered a strong option for treating IH. Lower-evidence treatments, qualified as conditional, include clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate. With the exception of sodium oxybate, which is FDA approved for IH, the other medications used for IH should be considered off-label.

• #26 Treating Idiopathic HypersomniaShare to Facebookprint pageBookmark for latercaret iconFollow us on facebookFollow us on instagramFollow us on facebookFollow us on linkedincaret icon

  https://narcolepsy.sleep-disorders.net/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment

  Cognitive behavioral therapy may help people with IH cope. This type of therapy can help people learn how to reduce negative emotions in response to symptoms. Ongoing clinical trials are testing behavioral therapies in people with IH. […] Talk to your doctor about lifestyle changes that may reduce symptoms of IH. They may suggest: Developing a regular sleep schedule, Avoiding alcohol and drugs that affect sleep, Getting regular exercise, Maintaining a healthy diet. […] There is 1 drug approved specifically for IH, Xywav (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybate). […] However, people with IH may benefit from treatments approved to treat narcolepsy. The most common narcolepsy drugs used in IH work by promoting wakefulness. […] Wake-promoting drugs include stimulants and non-stimulants. Stimulants help reduce excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by keeping you alert during the day. Some stimulants approved for narcolepsy that may help people with IH include: Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) and other amphetamines, Ritalin (methylphenidate).

• #27 Primary Hypersomnia Medication: CNS Depressants, Stimulants

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-medication

  Modafinil is not known to be abused. […] Methylphenidate is used for symptomatic management of primary hypersomnolence whenever the patient needs to be alert or engages in activities in which hypersomnolence may be hazardous. […] Amphetamines are noncatecholamine sympathomimetic amines that promote release of catecholamines from their storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals. Amphetamine 1:1 racemic mixture of dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine (immediate release only) has an FDA indication for promoting wakefulness in narcolepsy.

• #28 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Different Treatment Methods

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/treat-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Generally, these medicines fall into three categories: […] Stimulants. These wake-promoting drugs include derivatives of amphetamines, like dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methamphetamine (Desoxyn) and methylphenidate (Ritalin). They can be effective, but they also can have side effects that include dependence — getting „hooked” on them — and heart problems. […] Nonstimulant wake-promoting medications. These include armodafinil (Nuvigil) and modafinil (Provigil). These affect the brain chemical dopamine to make you more awake. […] Other nonstimulant, wake-promoting medicines include pitolisant (Wakix) and solriamfetol (Sunosi). […] Sodium oxybate. Under the brand names Xyrem and Xywav, this medication, taken at night, promotes deep sleep. It cuts down on daytime sleepiness for those with narcolepsy, and it can help people with IH.

• #29 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and sodium oxybate are effective treatments for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and, by extension, are also used for primary hypersomnias. […] The treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) remains challenging due to the limited number of FDA-approved medications specifically indicated for this condition. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence, modafinil is considered a strong option for treating IH. Lower-evidence treatments, qualified as conditional, include clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate. With the exception of sodium oxybate, which is FDA approved for IH, the other medications used for IH should be considered off-label.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40675-019-00158-7

  Pitolisant is a compound that was found to be non-inferior to modafinil in people with narcolepsy, and experience in the off-label treatment of IH has already accumulated. […] With only a moderate effect of current stimulants in subpopulations of people with IH, the emergence of a new effective stimulant for the treatment of narcolepsy, solriamfetol, holds promise for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in IH. […] It is difficult to recommend any of the discussed drugs as first line treatment for IH. Since the efficacy of modafinil is the most consistently described and there is a lot of experience with this substance, it is reasonable to start with it as a first choice treatment. Methylphenidate and dexamphetamine are good alternatives. […] Sodium oxybate, pitolisant, and solriamfetol seem promising, but currently, there is not enough evidence to advise their use, particularly as first-line treatment. […] We consider flumazenil and clarithromycin to be still experimental therapies. There is a clear need for more studies to confirm efficacy as well as safety.

• #31 An antidote for hypersomnia

  https://news.emory.edu/stories/2012/11/antidote_for_hypersomnia/

  Patients with primary hypersomnia regularly sleep more than 70 hours per week and have difficulties awakening. […] Some members of this patient population appear to have a distinct, disabling sleep disorder called „primary hypersomnia,” which is separate from better-known conditions such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy. […] Conventional treatments such as stimulants bring little relief. […] In a clinical study with seven patients who remained sleepy despite above-ordinary sleep amounts and treatment with stimulants, Emory researchers showed that treatment with the drug flumazenil can restore alertness, although flumazenil’s effectiveness was not uniform for all seven. […] „Primary hypersomnias are disabling and poorly understood. This study represents a breakthrough in determining a cause for these disorders and devising a rational approach to therapy.”

• #32 An antidote for hypersomnia

  https://news.emory.edu/stories/2012/11/antidote_for_hypersomnia/

  The paper describes how samples of patients cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contain a substance that enhances the effects of the brain chemical GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid). […] „Previous studies with flumazenil indicate that it does not have a wake-promoting effect on most people, so its ability to normalize vigilance in this subpopulation of extremely sleepy patients appears genuinely novel.” […] Based on these results, the Emory team reasoned that flumazenil could form a treatment for the Atlanta woman. She found that it made her feel awake for the first time in years, and long-term treatment with flumazenil has allowed her to return to work.

• #33 Patient experience with idiopathic hypersomnia | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/symptom-severity-and-treatment-satisfaction-in-patients-with-idiopathi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a debilitating sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, and prolonged sleep duration. The Real World Idiopathic Hypersomnia Outcomes Study (ARISE) evaluated symptoms and treatment effectiveness/satisfaction in participants with idiopathic hypersomnia. Most participants took off-label prescription medications (89.3%) and/or used other measures (93.3%) to manage their symptoms. Treatment satisfaction was low (mean [SD] TSQM-vII score: overall, 61.9 [21.2]; with LST, 57.9 [21.4]; without LST, 66.7 [20.3]), primarily driven by dissatisfaction with treatment effectiveness. The most common classes of prescription medications used were stimulants (61.3%), wake-promoting agents (28.0%), and antidepressants (18.7%); non-prescription measures used to manage symptoms included caffeine (73.3%), planned naps (34.7%), and individual accommodations (32.0%). Overall, participants with idiopathic hypersomnia, with or without LST, had substantial symptom burden despite most of the study population taking off-label medications and using nonprescription measures to manage symptoms.

• #34 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  These are REM-dissociative symptoms, like cataplexy. Therefore, all these symptoms may sometimes improve with medicines that suppress REM sleep, such as oxybates, TCAs, SSRIs, or SNRIs. Researchers haven’t yet studied this except for oxybates for sleep paralysis (Thorpy, 2021). […] For more information, see UpToDate’s flowchart for the “Symptomatic management of narcolepsy in adults,” much of which is applicable to treating IH. You can use the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) PDF before and after starting a new treatment to help measure how well it works to ease symptoms. For PWN, you can use the Narcolepsy Severity Scale. The FOSQ (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire) and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) are good options for people with any hypersomnia sleep disorder. […] Clinical trials offer increased access to newer medicines

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40675-019-00158-7

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is an incapacitating disorder with a profound impact on daytime performance and quality of life. The most commonly used treatment modalities are lifestyle advice and pharmacological therapy. We present an update on the evidence concerning treatment options for idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Evidence for non-pharmacological interventions is lacking; improvement in symptoms on introducing these interventions is often less pronounced than in narcolepsy. Additional pharmacological treatment is therefore usually initiated. […] Evidence on treatment is scarce. Since the efficacy of modafinil is consistently described and there is much experience with this substance, it is reasonable to start with modafinil as a first choice treatment. Methylphenidate and dexamphetamine are good alternatives. In the future, newer drugs such as sodium oxybate, pitolisant, and solriamfetol might be authorized for use in idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #36 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder where you feel unrested after sleeping through the night. Medications can help. […] A healthcare provider can help you manage the symptoms of this type of hypersomnia. […] There isn’t a cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but treatment options are available to help you manage symptoms. […] Medications are usually successful at treating symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy for hypersomnia (CBT-H) is a form of psychotherapy specifically designed to help with idiopathic hypersomnia. This, alongside medications, may help improve overall sleep quality and daily functioning. […] Medications to treat idiopathic hypersomnia may include: Central nervous system stimulants like amphetamines, Non-amphetamine central nervous system stimulants, like modafinil, Central nervous system depressants like sodium oxybate (FDA-approved), GABA receptor antagonists like flumazenil.

• #37 CBT For Hypersomnias – Healthier Sleep Magazine

  https://healthiersleepmag.com/cbt-for-hypersomnias/

  Currently, there is no cure for either idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. While standard treatment often includes medication, other forms of treatment may also help. Researchers are studying the role cognitive behavior therapy may have in treating both narcolepsy and hypersomnia. […] CBT-H can teach individuals new ways to cope with symptoms, which may decrease associated issues, such as anxiety and depression. CBT-H may also help people get a better understanding of their symptoms and learn coping skills and problems solving. […] CBT-H is a form of psychotherapy that helps individuals with IH or narcolepsy gain a better understanding of how their thoughts and behaviors may play a role in symptom management. Cognitive behavior therapy is not meant to replace standard treatment for these two disorders. Instead, CBT-H is used in addition to medication to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms.

• #38 CBT For Hypersomnias – Healthier Sleep Magazine

  https://healthiersleepmag.com/cbt-for-hypersomnias/

  Currently, there is no cure for either idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. While standard treatment often includes medication, other forms of treatment may also help. Researchers are studying the role cognitive behavior therapy may have in treating both narcolepsy and hypersomnia. […] CBT-H can teach individuals new ways to cope with symptoms, which may decrease associated issues, such as anxiety and depression. CBT-H may also help people get a better understanding of their symptoms and learn coping skills and problems solving. […] CBT-H is a form of psychotherapy that helps individuals with IH or narcolepsy gain a better understanding of how their thoughts and behaviors may play a role in symptom management. Cognitive behavior therapy is not meant to replace standard treatment for these two disorders. Instead, CBT-H is used in addition to medication to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms.

• #39 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are most used stimulants to controlled EDS. […] Solriamfetol is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. […] Pitolisant, a selective histamine 3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, was approved by FDA during August 2019. It works by increasing the synthesis and release of histamine, a wake-promoting neurotransmitter in the brain. […] Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) is an orphan drug which was designed specifically for the treatment of narcolepsy. […] Although behavioral approaches have not been demonstrated to improve clinical markers of IH, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to potentially reduce depressive symptoms and improve self-efficacy in people with hypersomnia.

• #40 CBT For Hypersomnias – Healthier Sleep Magazine

  https://healthiersleepmag.com/cbt-for-hypersomnias/

  Currently, there is no cure for either idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. While standard treatment often includes medication, other forms of treatment may also help. Researchers are studying the role cognitive behavior therapy may have in treating both narcolepsy and hypersomnia. […] CBT-H can teach individuals new ways to cope with symptoms, which may decrease associated issues, such as anxiety and depression. CBT-H may also help people get a better understanding of their symptoms and learn coping skills and problems solving. […] CBT-H is a form of psychotherapy that helps individuals with IH or narcolepsy gain a better understanding of how their thoughts and behaviors may play a role in symptom management. Cognitive behavior therapy is not meant to replace standard treatment for these two disorders. Instead, CBT-H is used in addition to medication to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms.

• #41 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Treatment Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/treatment-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Theres currently no cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but certain medications and lifestyle changes can help you manage symptoms like excessive sleepiness. […] Different types of medications are available to treat IH. Most of these medications are typically used as general treatments for sleep disorders and may not always work as well in people with IH. However, IH-specific treatment options are also now available. […] If your healthcare team believes that medication can help your IH, theyll work closely with you to make sure you find the right option for your symptoms. […] In most cases, modafinil (Provigil) is recommended as the first choice of medication for people with IH. In clinical trials, the use of modafinil has been shown to reduce sleepiness and improve wakefulness. […] Lower-sodium oxybate is the only medication specifically approved for the treatment of IH in adults. In a recent clinical trial, up to 93% of people with IH who received lower-sodium oxybate treatment reported improvements in their daytime sleepiness. […] Before healthcare professionals prescribe medication, many will recommend lifestyle changes to help improve symptoms of IH. […] A combination of medications and lifestyle changes may be used to help reduce daytime sleepiness and prevent complications from excessive drowsiness.

• #42 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – Sleep Education by AASM

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Since the causes of IH are currently unknown, treatment focuses on relieving the symptom of sleepiness. […] Your doctor will decide what treatment is right for you, but the following are common parts of treatment programs: […] Keeping regular sleep times […] Taking prescribed medications when you need to be alert and active […] Avoiding driving if you feel sleepy […] Avoiding certain medications that may affect sleep and sleepiness […] Avoiding alcohol […] Treating all other sleep disorders that are present […] Treating any other medical or psychiatric conditions […] Your doctor should monitor your progress as you undergo ongoing treatment. […] Another sleep study may be considered if symptoms of sleepiness increase significantly or if specific symptoms develop that suggest new or increased sleep abnormalities. […] This is a medical disorder that can be life-long although there are reports of people who get better and no longer need treatment. […] Research is ongoing to learn more about what causes IH. This will help to develop new treatment options.

• #43 Idiopathic hypersomnia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm

  Your provider will likely prescribe stimulant medicines such as amphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil. These medicines may not work as well for this condition as they do for narcolepsy. […] Other medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia, which are also commonly used for narcolepsy, include sodium oxybate (or oxybate salts) and newer wake-promoting agents such as pitolisant and solriamfetol. […] Lifestyle changes that can help ease symptoms and prevent injury include: Avoid alcohol and medicines that can make the condition worse, Avoid operating motor vehicles or using dangerous equipment, Avoid working at night or social activities that delay your bedtime.

• #44 Idiopathic hypersomnia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm

  Your provider will likely prescribe stimulant medicines such as amphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil. These medicines may not work as well for this condition as they do for narcolepsy. […] Other medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia, which are also commonly used for narcolepsy, include sodium oxybate (or oxybate salts) and newer wake-promoting agents such as pitolisant and solriamfetol. […] Lifestyle changes that can help ease symptoms and prevent injury include: Avoid alcohol and medicines that can make the condition worse, Avoid operating motor vehicles or using dangerous equipment, Avoid working at night or social activities that delay your bedtime.

• #45 Idiopathic hypersomnia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm

  Your provider will likely prescribe stimulant medicines such as amphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil. These medicines may not work as well for this condition as they do for narcolepsy. […] Other medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia, which are also commonly used for narcolepsy, include sodium oxybate (or oxybate salts) and newer wake-promoting agents such as pitolisant and solriamfetol. […] Lifestyle changes that can help ease symptoms and prevent injury include: Avoid alcohol and medicines that can make the condition worse, Avoid operating motor vehicles or using dangerous equipment, Avoid working at night or social activities that delay your bedtime.

• #46 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Symptoms, Cause, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  A doctor may recommend: avoiding alcohol, avoiding operating a motor vehicle or dangerous machinery when excessively sleepy, keeping regular sleep times, not using medications and substances that may contribute to EDS, treating all other medical conditions present, improving your sleep hygiene practices, incorporating meditation, regular exercise, coping skill development through cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). […] The bottom line: Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep-wake disorder featuring EDS even after plenty of quality sleep. Its exact causes are unknown, but underlying central nervous system dysfunction may contribute. […] Medications are the first-line treatment for idiopathic hypersomnia, but some people may also benefit from improved sleep hygiene, lifestyle changes like getting more daily exercise, and avoiding substances that increase daytime sleepiness.

• #47 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Severe idiopathic hypersomnolence (IH) is a disabling problem that often leads to unemployment and responds poorly to medical treatment. […] Because the underlying cause of IH is unknown, treatment remains symptomatic in nature. […] Per the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) practice guidelines, successful treatment of hypersomnia of central origin requires an accurate diagnosis, individual tailoring of therapy to produce maximum possible return of function, and regular follow-up to monitor response to therapy. Evidence for nonpharmacological options is extremely limited and evidence for pharmacological interventions is marginal. […] Scheduled naps might be beneficial to combat sleepiness in these patients. […] Behavioral approaches and sleep hygiene techniques are recommended, although they have little overall positive impact on this disease.

• #48 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

  https://project-sleep.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Helpful lifestyle strategies include keeping healthy sleep habits, getting light in the morning, using more than one alarm, asking friends and family to help with waking for appointments, and avoiding driving when sleepy. […] Psychologists can help people navigate the challenges of living with IH. […] Social support from patient organizations can help people with IH and their families to live well with IH.

• #49 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

  https://project-sleep.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Helpful lifestyle strategies include keeping healthy sleep habits, getting light in the morning, using more than one alarm, asking friends and family to help with waking for appointments, and avoiding driving when sleepy. […] Psychologists can help people navigate the challenges of living with IH. […] Social support from patient organizations can help people with IH and their families to live well with IH.

• #50 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Lifestyle changes are a common treatment for sleep disorders, and they may improve symptoms and help with coping. The main approach is practicing good sleep hygiene. For hypersomnia, this may include: […] If you have IH, talk with your doctor about sleep hygiene and hypersomnia. Sleep hygiene recommendations can be helpful for insomnia and many other sleep disorders. However, some aspects of sleep hygiene may make hypersomnia worse. […] While there is an FDA-approved drug for IH, people respond to it differently. Side effects can also be a problem. Doctors may recommend other medications or non-drug treatments to help cope with IH.

• #51 Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: Progress, challenges, and expert opinion – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36921459/

  The choice of pharmacotherapy should be guided by symptom profile, age, comorbidities (eg, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular problems), and concomitant medications (eg, oral contraceptives). Nonpharmacologic approaches have a role in management. An instrument (idiopathic hypersomnia severity scale) has been validated in idiopathic hypersomnia specifically, opening a path to better assessment of symptoms, impact, and response to treatment. Continued research on idiopathic hypersomnia is needed to support treatment algorithms.

• #52 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  For professionals […] Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy […] including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan […] Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and narcolepsy […] What medicines might I use to treat IH and narcolepsy? […] The tables below show medicines that have reasonable evidence for use in treating person(s) with IH (PWIH) and/or person(s) with narcolepsy (PWN). An marks medicines the U.S. FDA has approved specifically to treat IH. An marks FDA approval for narcolepsy, which doesn’t differentiate between narcolepsy type 1 and 2. You can prescribe all other medicines off-label. […] Each table includes a group of medicines with similar mechanisms of action, and the tables are organized roughly in order of the level of evidence for use. The side effects column includes notable side effects and complications. The notes column provides details about evidence for use in IH and/or narcolepsy, which ranges from randomized controlled trials to very small case series. For specific evidence-based guidelines regarding more thoroughly studied medicines, see the American Academy of Sleep Medicine’s article “Treatment of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence.”

• #53 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Treatment Requires an Individualized Approach, Review Says

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/idiopathic-hypersomnia-treatment-requires-and-individualized-approach-review-says

  Additionally, caution needs to be used when treating patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and depressive symptoms, obesity, a history of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hypertension, renal impairment, or other conditions that are sensitive to sodium, depending on the treatment selected. […] In conclusion, study authors said that more progress is needed, especially in uniformity in defining treatment success in idiopathic hypersomnia, and the creation of a validated assessment tool specific to idiopathic hypersomnia (ie, the IHSS) assist future clinical research and might be useful to keep an eye on patient progress in clinical practice.

• #54 Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy – and avoiding interactions with hormone medicines, such as birth control, hormone replacement therapy, and gender-affirming therapy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/treatment/

  These hypersomnia medicines can affect how well medicines with hormones (estrogens, progestins, or testosterones) work. […] It’s usually safe to use these hypersomnia medicines with hormone medicines. To help ensure the hormone medicine still works well, you and your doctor may decide to: Change your hypersomnia medicine to one that doesn’t interact with hormone medicines. […] Some people with hypersomnias may have other health problems that make their symptoms worse. […] If you have this, hormone therapy may help your hypersomnia symptoms. […] To give your hypersomnia medicines the best chance of helping your symptoms, avoid other medicines and substances (such as opioids and alcohol) that can worsen daytime sleepiness.

• #55 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Treatment Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/treatment-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Theres currently no cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but certain medications and lifestyle changes can help you manage symptoms like excessive sleepiness. […] Different types of medications are available to treat IH. Most of these medications are typically used as general treatments for sleep disorders and may not always work as well in people with IH. However, IH-specific treatment options are also now available. […] If your healthcare team believes that medication can help your IH, theyll work closely with you to make sure you find the right option for your symptoms. […] In most cases, modafinil (Provigil) is recommended as the first choice of medication for people with IH. In clinical trials, the use of modafinil has been shown to reduce sleepiness and improve wakefulness. […] Lower-sodium oxybate is the only medication specifically approved for the treatment of IH in adults. In a recent clinical trial, up to 93% of people with IH who received lower-sodium oxybate treatment reported improvements in their daytime sleepiness. […] Before healthcare professionals prescribe medication, many will recommend lifestyle changes to help improve symptoms of IH. […] A combination of medications and lifestyle changes may be used to help reduce daytime sleepiness and prevent complications from excessive drowsiness.

• #56 Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy – and avoiding interactions with hormone medicines, such as birth control, hormone replacement therapy, and gender-affirming therapy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/treatment/

  A medicine may work well for a while, then stop working as well. This may mean you need to change your dose or medicine. […] Taking breaks every once in a while from wake-promoting medicines may help them to work better again. For example, some people find that taking a break on weekends is helpful. […] You may need to take a new medicine for a few days or weeks before you know if it works for you. […] Some medicines work best when you take them at a specific time of day. Ask your doctor how many hours each medicine usually takes to start working and how long they’ll last during the day. This can help you plan when to take them. […] Some medicines may have side effects, such as nausea, headaches, or raised blood pressure. Talk with your doctor about which side effects are the most common and which are the most dangerous.

• #57 Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: Progress, challenges, and expert opinion – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36921459/

  The choice of pharmacotherapy should be guided by symptom profile, age, comorbidities (eg, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular problems), and concomitant medications (eg, oral contraceptives). Nonpharmacologic approaches have a role in management. An instrument (idiopathic hypersomnia severity scale) has been validated in idiopathic hypersomnia specifically, opening a path to better assessment of symptoms, impact, and response to treatment. Continued research on idiopathic hypersomnia is needed to support treatment algorithms.

• #58 Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy – and avoiding interactions with hormone medicines, such as birth control, hormone replacement therapy, and gender-affirming therapy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/treatment/

  If you’re taking a combination of medicines and need to make changes, it’s usually best to change just one medicine at a time. Talk with your doctor before making any changes. […] You still may not feel fully alert, even if you’re taking the medicines that work best for you. A good goal is to try to be most alert at important times of the day, such as during work, school, or while driving. […] The Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) and Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS) are tools that you and your doctors can use to help measure how well a treatment is working to ease your symptoms. […] Getting support from other people with hypersomnias can help. You can join support groups (visit the Support group section on our “Quality of life tips” web page) or ask your doctor if they can give your contact information to other people who have taken the same medicines as you.

• #59 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  These are REM-dissociative symptoms, like cataplexy. Therefore, all these symptoms may sometimes improve with medicines that suppress REM sleep, such as oxybates, TCAs, SSRIs, or SNRIs. Researchers haven’t yet studied this except for oxybates for sleep paralysis (Thorpy, 2021). […] For more information, see UpToDate’s flowchart for the “Symptomatic management of narcolepsy in adults,” much of which is applicable to treating IH. You can use the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) PDF before and after starting a new treatment to help measure how well it works to ease symptoms. For PWN, you can use the Narcolepsy Severity Scale. The FOSQ (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire) and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) are good options for people with any hypersomnia sleep disorder. […] Clinical trials offer increased access to newer medicines

• #60 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  These are REM-dissociative symptoms, like cataplexy. Therefore, all these symptoms may sometimes improve with medicines that suppress REM sleep, such as oxybates, TCAs, SSRIs, or SNRIs. Researchers haven’t yet studied this except for oxybates for sleep paralysis (Thorpy, 2021). […] For more information, see UpToDate’s flowchart for the “Symptomatic management of narcolepsy in adults,” much of which is applicable to treating IH. You can use the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) PDF before and after starting a new treatment to help measure how well it works to ease symptoms. For PWN, you can use the Narcolepsy Severity Scale. The FOSQ (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire) and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) are good options for people with any hypersomnia sleep disorder. […] Clinical trials offer increased access to newer medicines

• #61 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia is primarily symptomatic involving education (sleep hygiene and lifestyle modifications), with the option to use the FDA-approved low-sodium oxybate as well as off-label usage of wake-promoting agents, stimulants, or the like. […] In 2021, the FDA approved low-sodium oxybate for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia, based on demonstrated improvements in the primary (Epworth sleepiness scale scores) and secondary (patient global impression of change and idiopathic hypersomnia severity scale score) endpoints in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study. […] Nonmedication treatment can include lifestyle modification, attention to sleep hygiene, or scheduled naps. […] Modafinil and armodafinil (the R racemate of modafinil) have a benefit/risk profile in idiopathic hypersomnia similar to their effect on narcolepsy type 1.

• #62 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Your provider may ask you to complete the Epworth Sleepiness Scale before you begin treatment and again during treatment to assess how well the treatment is working. […] Your provider may recommend medications to help you feel more awake during the daytime. You might need to try different medications or doses to find what works best for your needs. […] A healthcare provider can help you manage symptoms to feel more awake. […] Luckily, you don’t have to live with these symptoms. A healthcare provider can help you figure out why you’re not getting the rest you need and offer treatment options to help you stay awake.

• #63 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – Sleep Education by AASM

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Since the causes of IH are currently unknown, treatment focuses on relieving the symptom of sleepiness. […] Your doctor will decide what treatment is right for you, but the following are common parts of treatment programs: […] Keeping regular sleep times […] Taking prescribed medications when you need to be alert and active […] Avoiding driving if you feel sleepy […] Avoiding certain medications that may affect sleep and sleepiness […] Avoiding alcohol […] Treating all other sleep disorders that are present […] Treating any other medical or psychiatric conditions […] Your doctor should monitor your progress as you undergo ongoing treatment. […] Another sleep study may be considered if symptoms of sleepiness increase significantly or if specific symptoms develop that suggest new or increased sleep abnormalities. […] This is a medical disorder that can be life-long although there are reports of people who get better and no longer need treatment. […] Research is ongoing to learn more about what causes IH. This will help to develop new treatment options.

• #64 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and sodium oxybate are effective treatments for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and, by extension, are also used for primary hypersomnias. […] The treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) remains challenging due to the limited number of FDA-approved medications specifically indicated for this condition. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence, modafinil is considered a strong option for treating IH. Lower-evidence treatments, qualified as conditional, include clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate. With the exception of sodium oxybate, which is FDA approved for IH, the other medications used for IH should be considered off-label.

• #65 Patient experience with idiopathic hypersomnia | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/symptom-severity-and-treatment-satisfaction-in-patients-with-idiopathi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  There was no approved treatment for idiopathic hypersomnia until August 2021, when the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates, or low-sodium oxybate (Xywav), for idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines, published in September 2021, strongly recommend modafinil as a treatment (compared with no treatment) in adults with idiopathic hypersomnia, and conditionally recommend other medications (ie, clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate). However, many patients with idiopathic hypersomnia continue to experience residual symptoms despite off-label pharmacotherapy. […] The findings from this real-world study provide valuable insight into the unique characteristics and unmet treatment needs of people with idiopathic hypersomnia. With the US FDA approval of the first treatment indicated for adults with idiopathic hypersomnia, a more complete understanding of the symptom burden of idiopathic hypersomnia is important to accurately assess therapeutic impact. Additional studies should be conducted to further quantify these unmet needs in people with idiopathic hypersomnia. Available therapies with demonstrated efficacy over the symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia may help to reduce this patient burden.

• #66 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Lifestyle changes are a common treatment for sleep disorders, and they may improve symptoms and help with coping. The main approach is practicing good sleep hygiene. For hypersomnia, this may include: […] If you have IH, talk with your doctor about sleep hygiene and hypersomnia. Sleep hygiene recommendations can be helpful for insomnia and many other sleep disorders. However, some aspects of sleep hygiene may make hypersomnia worse. […] While there is an FDA-approved drug for IH, people respond to it differently. Side effects can also be a problem. Doctors may recommend other medications or non-drug treatments to help cope with IH.

• #67 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2023-nov/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has strong or conditional recommendations for these medications based on the available supporting medical literature. […] New options, such as orexin agonists and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, are in clinical trials, and will offer additional options to personalize management of this group of disorders. […] The goal of treatment for people with excessive daytime sleepiness is to support full participation in their academic, professional, and social lives.

• #68 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  There is ongoing research into the efficacy of gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor antagonists for the treatment of IH. […] Research findings suggest that the GABA neurotransmitter system plays a significant role in the etiology of primary hypersomnias, such as IH and Narcolepsy Type 2. […] Given the possible role of hyperactive GABAA receptors in IH, medications that could counteract this activity are being studied to test their potential to improve sleepiness.

• #69 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2023-nov/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has strong or conditional recommendations for these medications based on the available supporting medical literature. […] New options, such as orexin agonists and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, are in clinical trials, and will offer additional options to personalize management of this group of disorders. […] The goal of treatment for people with excessive daytime sleepiness is to support full participation in their academic, professional, and social lives.

• #70 What is idiopathic hypersomnia (IH)? – SleepHub

  https://sleephub.com.au/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Medications: are generally prescribed to help with reducing daytime sleepiness. There are a range of wake promoting medications that are described in detail in this article. They include: Modafinil (Modavigil / Provigil), Armodafinil (Nuvigil), Dexamfetamine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin / Concerta), Sodium oxybate (Xyrem / Xywav), Pitolisant (Wakix), Solriamfetol (Sunosi). […] Several other medications have also been used, including selective norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors such as reboxetine (currently in phase 3 clinical trials as a treatment for narcolepsy) and atomoxetine (approved for use in ADHD).

• #71 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  Referring PWH to clinical trials may not only help scientists better understand hypersomnias and their treatment, but it may allow PWH to try medicines that aren’t yet available in their home country nor approved for their diagnosis. Some clinical trials allow participants to continue taking the medicine for a period of time after the trial has ended. For more information, visit our “Currently-Recruiting Research Studies” page to see a list of clinical trials and other types of research studies looking for volunteers.

• #72 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Nowe opcje leczenia podkreślają znaczenie efektywnej i dokładnej diagnozy centralnych zaburzeń hipersomolencji, takich jak narkolepsja i idiopatyczna hipersomnia. […] Jednak efektywna i dokładna diagnoza tych stanów jest ważna, ponieważ rośnie dostępność leków, które poprawiają jakość życia i znacznie łagodzą objawy tych zaburzeń. […] Współczesne leczenie narkolepsji i idiopatycznej hipersomnii powinno uwzględniać preferencje i priorytety jednostki, aby wspierać optymalne funkcjonowanie w szkole, w pracy oraz w sferach społecznych i rodzinnych. […] Obecne terapie mają na celu minimalizowanie objawów senności i katapleksji. […] Większość osób z narkolepsją ostatecznie stosuje przynajmniej jeden lek do zarządzania objawami; jednak zdrowy sen zależy od podejścia, które równoważy leczenie farmakologiczne i adaptacje stylu życia.

• #73 Taking Back Control in Hypersomnia Disorders | Sleep Review

  https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-disorders/hypersomnias/narcolepsy/control-hypersomnia/

  A common concern in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia patients is a feeling of having little control over symptoms, which can lead to despair. But disorders of excessive sleepiness do have both medication and non-medication treatment approaches. […] Medical treatments are available to ameliorate the symptoms, but they dont cure the underlying process. Patients commonly experience residual symptoms of sleepiness. […] When treating my patients with narcolepsy and IH, I educate them about the physiology of their disorder as part of my standard approach. I inform them of both medical therapy and lifestyle choices they can employ. […] It is important for sleep specialists to recognize and alert patients about what symptoms are out of their controland what aspects patients can take control of.

• #74 What is idiopathic hypersomnia (IH)? – SleepHub

  https://sleephub.com.au/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  What treatments are used for IH? Treatments for IH are targeted towards symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and excessive need for sleep (ENS). Sleep inertia is also a particularly challenging symptom for people with IH. […] Non-drug approaches: whilst there isn’t particularly good research in this area, there are a number of strategies that can be helpful to reduce the impact of symptoms […] Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-H) – this is a treatment program currently being developed by Dr Jason Ong from Northwestern University in Chicago. A summary of a pilot study is here. […] Supportive counselling – although IH is not caused by psychological factors, it can be very debilitating for people, which in turn can have negative effects on their mood and mental health. Having a psychologist or counsellor who understands the challenges of IH can be an important source of support for people with IH, particularly when they are first diagnosed.

• #75 Medicines for idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy – and avoiding interactions with hormone medicines, such as birth control, hormone replacement therapy, and gender-affirming therapy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/treatment/

  If you’re taking a combination of medicines and need to make changes, it’s usually best to change just one medicine at a time. Talk with your doctor before making any changes. […] You still may not feel fully alert, even if you’re taking the medicines that work best for you. A good goal is to try to be most alert at important times of the day, such as during work, school, or while driving. […] The Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) and Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS) are tools that you and your doctors can use to help measure how well a treatment is working to ease your symptoms. […] Getting support from other people with hypersomnias can help. You can join support groups (visit the Support group section on our “Quality of life tips” web page) or ask your doctor if they can give your contact information to other people who have taken the same medicines as you.

• #76 What is idiopathic hypersomnia (IH)? – SleepHub

  https://sleephub.com.au/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Link with patient groups – as IH is uncommon and poorly understood by others, including many health professionals, it is important to link people with IH into groups where others with IH have the opportunity to discuss their experiences. […] Diet – there is no evidence to support recommendation of a particular diet of foods in IH. In some online forums people report good results from low carbohydrate or ketogenic diets. However these haven’t been shown to be effective in clinical trials. It is important though for people with IH to ensure they have a healthy, well balanced diet, as diets high in carbohydrates and fat have been shown to increase tiredness and sleepiness in a normal population. […] Avoid sleep deprivation – it is hard for people with IH to know how much sleep is enough, as often they could sleep all day and all night if given the opportunity. But it is important to ensure that people with IH are getting at least the recommended amount of sleep for someone of their age.

• #77 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Sugeruj dostosowania w miejscu pracy. […] Rozważ leki na senność lub katapleksję, korzystając z podejmowania decyzji w oparciu o korzyści, skutki uboczne i choroby współistniejące. […] Nowe leki wspomagające czuwanie (solriamfetol i pitolisant) oraz nowe formuły oxybatu oferują elastyczność dla osób z narkolepsją lub idiopatyczną hipersomnią. […] W praktyce pewne rozważania mogą skłonić do leczenia jedną terapią zamiast innej w zależności od najbardziej uciążliwych objawów (tj. senność, katapleksja) lub obaw dotyczących skutków ubocznych. […] Nowe opcje, takie jak agoniści oreksyny i inhibitor zwrotnego wychwytu norepinefryny reboxetyna, są w badaniach klinicznych i będą oferować dodatkowe opcje do spersonalizowania zarządzania tymi zaburzeniami.

• #78 Idiopathic Hypersomnia vs Narcolepsy: Which One Do You Have?

  https://goodhealthpsych.com/blog/idiopathic-hypersomnia-vs-narcolepsy-which-one-do-you-have/

  Around 34% of Americans say they have bad sleep quality, with an average of 60 million Americans struggling with sleep disorders. Understanding sleep disorders and their impact on daily life is essential, especially if you are struggling with symptoms of a sleep disorder. This article will review idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and narcolepsy as common but distinct sleep disorders. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia refers to hypersomnia that does not have a clear cause. […] So, what are the treatment options for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia? […] The same types of central nervous system stimulants can be prescribed for idiopathic hypersomnia to help you stay awake and create a regular sleep schedule. […] Lifestyle modifications are very important, especially for idiopathic hypersomnia. Some examples of helpful tactics include the following: Having flexible work schedules so that you can start work later in the day if you have difficulty waking up, Keeping a journal to identify triggers, Avoiding activities late at night that might interfere with a good bedtime, Having proper sleep hygiene, Getting regular exercise, Eating small, frequent meals instead of large meals so that you don’t feel sleepy after, Taking naps if they are helpful but not if they make your symptoms worse, Meditating, especially before bed, to help you relax.

• #79 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Nowe opcje leczenia podkreślają znaczenie efektywnej i dokładnej diagnozy centralnych zaburzeń hipersomolencji, takich jak narkolepsja i idiopatyczna hipersomnia. […] Jednak efektywna i dokładna diagnoza tych stanów jest ważna, ponieważ rośnie dostępność leków, które poprawiają jakość życia i znacznie łagodzą objawy tych zaburzeń. […] Współczesne leczenie narkolepsji i idiopatycznej hipersomnii powinno uwzględniać preferencje i priorytety jednostki, aby wspierać optymalne funkcjonowanie w szkole, w pracy oraz w sferach społecznych i rodzinnych. […] Obecne terapie mają na celu minimalizowanie objawów senności i katapleksji. […] Większość osób z narkolepsją ostatecznie stosuje przynajmniej jeden lek do zarządzania objawami; jednak zdrowy sen zależy od podejścia, które równoważy leczenie farmakologiczne i adaptacje stylu życia.

• #80 First and Only Medicine Indicated to Treat Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/first-and-only-medicine-indicated-to-treat-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  This hypersomnia treatment just received an extended approval for cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded the approval for Jazz Pharmaceuticals Xywav to include treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. […] According to the CEO of Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Bruce Cozadd, Xywav is „the first and only medicine indicated to treat idiopathic hypersomnia.” […] This decision is based on a randomized phase III study that showed Xywav led to „statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences” compared to placebo on the primary endpoint of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. […] „We have been working for nearly a decade to develop Xywav, a unique oxybate product with a significant reduction in sodium. We are proud to advance the science behind our sleep research program in order to continue making a difference for people living with narcolepsy,” Cozadd said following the first approval of Xywav.

• #81 Primary Hypersomnia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Physician Legal Responsibilities

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-treatment

  Modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, amphetamines, and sodium oxybate are effective treatments for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and, by extension, are also used for primary hypersomnias. […] The treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) remains challenging due to the limited number of FDA-approved medications specifically indicated for this condition. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence, modafinil is considered a strong option for treating IH. Lower-evidence treatments, qualified as conditional, include clarithromycin, methylphenidate, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate. With the exception of sodium oxybate, which is FDA approved for IH, the other medications used for IH should be considered off-label.

• #82 CBT For Hypersomnias – Healthier Sleep Magazine

  https://healthiersleepmag.com/cbt-for-hypersomnias/

  The overall goal of CBT-H is to improve social functioning and phycological welling. For example, improving functioning at work, school, or relationships can have a positive effect on overall quality of life. […] Dr. Ong explains, Preliminary data showed CBT-H showed promise in treating IH and narcolepsy. But additional research is needed to confirm that the CBT-H program is what impacted the improvements we saw in this study. […] Treating narcolepsy and hypersomnia often takes a comprehensive approach. A combination of medication, support, and healthy lifestyle habits may help manage the condition.

• #83 Treating people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy – including hypersomnia medicines, interactions with hormone medicines, and resources for completing your treatment plan – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/treatment/

  These are REM-dissociative symptoms, like cataplexy. Therefore, all these symptoms may sometimes improve with medicines that suppress REM sleep, such as oxybates, TCAs, SSRIs, or SNRIs. Researchers haven’t yet studied this except for oxybates for sleep paralysis (Thorpy, 2021). […] For more information, see UpToDate’s flowchart for the “Symptomatic management of narcolepsy in adults,” much of which is applicable to treating IH. You can use the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) PDF before and after starting a new treatment to help measure how well it works to ease symptoms. For PWN, you can use the Narcolepsy Severity Scale. The FOSQ (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire) and ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) are good options for people with any hypersomnia sleep disorder. […] Clinical trials offer increased access to newer medicines

• #84 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2023-nov/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The American Academy of Sleep Medicine has strong or conditional recommendations for these medications based on the available supporting medical literature. […] New options, such as orexin agonists and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, are in clinical trials, and will offer additional options to personalize management of this group of disorders. […] The goal of treatment for people with excessive daytime sleepiness is to support full participation in their academic, professional, and social lives.

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