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• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is not common, and the cause of the condition is not known. […] The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is not known. […] Experts don’t know what causes idiopathic hypersomnia, so risk factors are not known.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder where you have an excessive need to sleep. Idiopathic means the cause is unknown. […] The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is unknown. Research is ongoing to learn more. Some studies suggest the following may play a role: […] Genetic variants (mutations). A gene variant may affect signaling and cell regulation within your brain, interfering with your sleep-wake schedule. […] An abnormal immune system response. Your immune system mistakenly targets healthy cells within your nervous system and sees them as a threat.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  INTRODUCTION […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, characterized by at least three months of daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep, or daytime lapses into sleep or drowsiness. […] The pathophysiology of idiopathic hypersomnia is not well understood. […] In practice, no specific biomarker exists for idiopathic hypersomnia, which can sometimes remain not well distinguished from „mild” forms of sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy type 2, or insufficient sleep.

• #4 Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia.html

  There is little research in the area of idiopathic hypersomnia. Most likely, idiopathic hypersomnia is not a disease but a combination of symptoms with many causes. Excessive sleepiness may be due to: […] A brain abnormality of unknown cause. For example, some people with idiopathic hypersomnia have low levels of the brain chemical histamine. […] Low-grade unknown infections (starting after a flu-like illness) or brain damage.

• #5 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. […] It is likely that the idiopathic hypersomnia syndrome is composed of several distinct disorders. […] The exact cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. […] There are limited data regarding the neurobiology and pathogenesis/pathophysiology of idiopathic hypersomnia, and there is no existing animal model for more detailed study. […] Many neurochemical studies regarding the disorder have been inconclusive. […] These findings suggest the possibility of gene-environment interactions that can contribute to disease in a fashion similar to narcolepsy with hypocretin deficiency. […] Other aspects that have been evaluated as possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypersomnia are histamine signaling, melatonin secretion abnormalities, immunologic and inflammatory processes, somnogens, and genetic factors.

• #5 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  A genetic basis for some cases of idiopathic hypersomnia is suggested by several investigations. […] Although these data strongly suggest a genetic component, possibly autosomal dominant, the limited number of families studied has not permitted definitive determination of the mode of inheritance. […] In sum, despite several intriguing findings spanning the domains of CNS neurotransmitters, immunology, and genetics, the pathophysiology underlying idiopathic hypersomnia remains nebulous.

• #6 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Researchers have recently found an abnormal hypersensitivity to GABA (the major brain chemical responsible for sedation) in a subset of patients with central hypersomnia i.e.: IH, narcolepsy without cataplexy and long sleepers. They have identified a small (500 to 3000 daltons) naturally occurring bioactive substance (most likely a peptide as it is trypsin-sensitive) in the CSF of affected patients. Although this substance requires further identification of its chemical structure, it is currently referred to as a „somnogen” because it has been shown to cause hyper-reactivity of GABAA receptors, which leads to increased sedation or somnolence. In essence, it is as though these patients are chronically sedated with a benzodiazepine (medication which acts through the GABA system) such as midazolam or alprazolam, even though they do not take these medications.

• #6 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia may also be referred to as IH, IHS, or primary hypersomnia, and belongs to a group of sleep disorders known as central hypersomnias, central disorders of hypersomnolence, or hypersomnia of brain origin. […] Unlike narcolepsy with cataplexy, which has a known cause (autoimmune destruction of hypocretin-producing neurons), the cause of IH is largely unknown. As of 2012, researchers have identified a few abnormalities associated with IH, which with further study may help to clarify the etiology. […] Destruction of noradrenergic neurons has produced hypersomnia in experimental animal studies, and injury to adrenergic neurons has also been shown to lead to hypersomnia. IH has also been associated with a malfunction of the norepinephrine system and decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) histamine levels.

• #7

  https://www.sleepcountshcp.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia-causes/

  While the exact cause of IH is unknown, nighttime sleep dysfunction may be one contributor to the daytime symptoms in IH. […] One study found increased levels of a GABAA agonist in the CSF of hypersomnolent patients. […] Dysfunction of the parasympathetic activity during wake and sleep, as well as altered autonomic response to arousals, were suggested in one study. […] One study showed a greater volume and cortical thickness in the precuneus, proportional to sleepiness. […] One study found prolonged circadian rhythm length, as well as delays in expression of melatonin and cortisol. […] DQB1*06:02-negative essential hypersomnia was associated in one study with a single-nucleotide polymorphism, suggestive of dysfunction in energy metabolic pathways.

• #8 Diagnosis, classification, symptoms, and causes of hypersomnias – such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/classification/

  The cause of IH isn’t known, and there may be different causes for different groups of people with it. People with IH have normal CSF orexin levels. […] Studies have reported possible causes, including: […] Longer circadian period length, which helps explain the tendency to evening chronotype (being a “night owl”) and difficulties in awakening […] Overproduction of an endogenous peptide in the CSF that acts like a sleeping pill by increasing GABA-A receptor activity […] Disruption of the default-mode network, which was suggested by MRI showing localized differences in brain volume, cortical thickness, and resting functional connectivity (the latter correlated with subjective daytime sleepiness) […] Lower sleep quality, such as from […] Disrupted sleep with numerous arousals […] Less deep (slow wave) sleep

• #9 Causes of Idiopathic Hypersomnia | PWN4PWN

  https://www.pwn4pwn.org/ih-causes/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurological sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and difficulty waking, with no clearly identified cause. The exact causes of IH remain largely unknown, but several hypotheses and contributing factors have been proposed based on current research: […] A prominent theory involves abnormal activation or hypersensitivity of GABA-A receptors in the brain. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that inhibits central nervous system activity, promoting sedation. Studies have found that some people with IH have increased levels of a naturally occurring substance in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that enhances GABA-A receptor activity, effectively causing a chronic sedative effect similar to benzodiazepine drugs. […] There is evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition to IH. Approximately 3450% of patients have a family history of IH or related central hypersomnia disorders like narcolepsy, indicating possible hereditary components. Some genetic studies have identified altered expression of circadian clock genes (such as BMAL1, PER1, PER2) and polymorphisms in circadian genes (e.g., CRY1), which may contribute to the disorders development.

• #9 Causes of Idiopathic Hypersomnia | PWN4PWN

  https://www.pwn4pwn.org/ih-causes/

  Apart from GABA, other neurotransmitters may be involved. IH has been associated with malfunction of the norepinephrine system and decreased histamine levels in the CSF, both of which are important in wakefulness regulation. […] Some cases may be influenced or worsened by irregular sleep schedules, medications that affect sleepiness or alertness, brain injury, anxiety, or depression. However, these are not primary causes but potential contributing factors or confounders. […] Because IH is termed idiopathic, its causes are not definitively established, and ongoing research continues to explore these mechanisms.

• #9 Causes of Idiopathic Hypersomnia | PWN4PWN

  https://www.pwn4pwn.org/ih-causes/

  Some patients with IH exhibit symptoms involving the autonomic nervous system (such as headaches, orthostatic hypotension, cold extremities), suggesting that autonomic dysfunction might play a role. This includes three subgroups of IH patients: those with family history and autonomic symptoms, those with prior viral infections causing neurological symptoms, and those with truly idiopathic cases without known triggers. […] IH symptoms sometimes appear after viral illnesses (e.g., Guillain-Barr syndrome, mononucleosis, atypical pneumonia), leading to speculation that IH could be triggered by an autoimmune response or inflammation affecting the nervous system. This is supported by findings of mild lymphocytosis and elevated protein in CSF in some patients, as well as the proposal that IH might represent an autoimmune condition.

• #10 Idiopathic hypersomnia: feeling tired all the time

  https://www.soundsleephealth.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia-feeling-tired-all-the-time/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia, or IH, is medically classified as a central disorder of hypersomnia. […] Primary IH is diagnosed only after no known cause for chronic excessive daytime sleepiness can be identified. […] Secondary IH occurs as a symptom of another medical condition. […] There are a few theories about what causes IH. […] IH is a central nervous system disorder caused by a molecular imbalance in brain chemistry related to the brain’s production and release of GABA (-aminobutyric acid), a substance which helps to promote sleep. […] This molecular imbalance is caused by the presence of a newly discovered bioactive substance found in more than half of people experiencing hypersomnia; this somnogen enhances the inhibitory and sleep promoting actions of GABA and leads to IH. […] IH may not be a singular disease but a combination of symptoms with multiple causes, which could include undiscovered brain abnormalities, low-grade infections, and overlooked incidence of brain damage.

• #11 What Is Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Everyone gets tired, but you usually feel better after a good nights sleep. People with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), however, feel excessively sleepy all the time, even after a full night of rest. […] Doctors arent sure what causes idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Some people who have IH also have a family member with the same problem or with another sleep condition like narcolepsy. […] Some studies have looked at the possibility that neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin might play a part. […] People with IH may also have low levels of the brain chemical histamine, which the immune system releases to fight harmful substances. […] IH may also happen because of an infection, brain damage, or conditions like anxiety or depression. […] IH might also be triggered by: An irregular sleep schedule, Medicines meant to make you sleepy or keep you awake, Other sleep conditions.

• #12 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment – DoYou

  https://www.doyou.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia-73034/

  Research reveals that idiopathic hypersomniacs carry an abundance of a small somnogen (sleep-inducing) molecule in their brain which heightens the activity of GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors. […] Not only that, studies also show that patients with IH have low levels of the neurotransmitter histamine, which is responsible for excitation and wakefulness. So basically, theres increased activity in the thing thats supposed to make us sleepy, and low levels of the thing thats supposed to keep us awake. […] That said, science has yet to determine what it is exactly that brings this phenomenon about, hence the term idiopathic which means of unknown causes.

• #13 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  A study in which 10 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia were compared to healthy controls highlighted expression dynamics. The researchers found that the rhythmically expressed circadian clock genes BMAL1, PER1, and PER2 were expressed less in the dermal fibroblasts from idiopathic hypersomnia patients over two circadian periods, and that the overall BMAL1 expression was reduced significantly. […] In experimental animal studies, destruction of the noradrenergic neurons of the rostral third of the locus ceruleus complex resulted in hypersomnia. […] Injury to the adrenergic neurons at the bundle of isthmus has led to hypersomnia associated with a proportional increase of both NREM and REM sleep. […] Evidence suggests that a dopamine system dysfunction may occur in narcolepsy, while a similar malfunction of the norepinephrine system may occur in idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Low CSF concentrations of hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2 in HLA DQB1*0602 were also found in primary hypersomnia, and a generalized defect in hcrt-2 transmission may be present in this disorder.

• #13 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  Hypersomnolence is an idiopathic disorder. Although head injury or viral infections can cause a disorder resembling primary hypersomnia, the true causes for most cases remain unknown. No genetic, environmental, or other predisposition has been identified. […] Rye et al postulated that there is a naturally occurring somnogen in the CSF of those with hypersomnolence that potentiated the inhibitory effects of GABAA in an in vitro setting. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness has been described in a subset of patients following viral illnesses such as Guillain-Barr syndrome, hepatitis, mononucleosis, and atypical viral pneumonia. Familial cases associated with HLA-Cw2, -Cw3, -DR5, -DR11, -DQ1, and DQ3 genotypes have also been reported, and it is known that there are overlapping features found in both idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy, though no consistent findings have been reported.

• #14 Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5558858/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurological disorder that results in daytime sleepiness, frequently accompanied by long nocturnal or daytime sleep, unrefreshing sleep, difficulty in awakening, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic symptoms. The cause of idiopathic hypersomnia is presently unknown, although a genetic predisposition is suggested by the strong family history of similar symptoms. Dysfunction of autonomic, inflammatory, or immune systems has been proposed, and patients with IH have been found to have an endogenous modulator of GABA-A receptors within their cerebrospinal fluid. […] As the name idiopathic hypersomnia implies, the pathophysiology of IH is presently unknown. Hypocretin deficiency, known to cause narcolepsy type 1, is not present in patients with IH. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with IH, and several other central disorders of hypersomnolence, has been shown to enhance activity at GABA-A receptors in vitro, in excess of that of cerebrospinal fluid from controls.

• #14 Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5558858/

  Family history of excessive sleepiness, IH, or another central disorder of hypersomnolence is seen in 34-38% of IH patients, with parent-child transmission suggested by the finding that 12.5% of IH patients have at least one parent who routinely sleeps more than 9.5 hours per night. Taken together, these reports suggest a genetic contribution to IH. However, the strong association between narcolepsy type 1 and HLA DQB1*0602 is not observed in patients with IH, in whom the rate of positivity for this allele ranges from 8-27%, depending on the population, and approximates the rate in controls. An immune system dysregulation, unique from that implicated in narcolepsy type 1, might be present in patients with IH, as suggested by their significantly increased rates of comorbid inflammatory or allergic disorders and altered IgG profile compared to controls.

• #14 Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5558858/

  Disruption of autonomic nervous system functioning, with a shift toward increased vagal tone, has been noted in patients with IH compared to controls, possibly contributing to some of the vegetative symptoms (faintness, orthostatic hypotension, Raynaud’s syndrome) that are commonly observed in IH patients.

• #15 Orphanet: Idiopathic hypersomnia

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/33208

  Etiology is still unknown. There is no association with any particular HLA (human leukocyte antigen) marker or with a decrease in the orexin/hypocretin levels, as in narcolepsy type 1. […] IH appears to be familial; however, there is no information on inheritance or penetrance.

• #16 The Mystery Behind Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/causes-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare neurological disorder. […] Unfortunately, thats not something experts have figured out yet. […] The big mystery really is what causes idiopathic hypersomnia, Trotti says. […] We don’t yet know why people with IH are so sleepy, or why the disorder causes cognitive symptoms like brain fog, memory troubles, or poor attention. […] Trotti says people with IH sometimes have higher levels of natural benzodiazepines in their spinal fluid. […] The idea is that something in your body acts like an all-day sleeping pill. […] This kind of suggests that there might at least be a component of a circadian timing issue, Trotti says. […] Abbott says she sees a lot of overlap between IH and something called delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. […] Its sort of like theyre living a 25-hour day, Abbott says. […] Trotti says about 20% of people with hypersomnia also have chronic fatigue syndrome. […] Abbott says theres a lot of interest in the GABA hypothesis. […] Its a disorder we still dont know a lot about and dont have great treatments for, Abbott says.

• #17 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] The etiology of IH is unclear. Triggers include Abrupt change in sleep-wake habits, overexertion, general anesthesia, Viral illness, and mild head trauma. Rare genetic predisposition was recently suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IH. […] Specifically, it was found that subgroups of IH are associated with reduced signaling of orexin via variant in the cleavage site of prepro-orexin. […] Another genetic variant thought to play a role is the homozygous PER2 variant. […] Furthermore, dysregulation of micro RNA (miRNAs) has been reported to play a role in the etiology of central hypersomnias, including IH. […] In addition, recent studies linked IH to immune reactivity between a vaccine antigen and antigen on neural cells, suggesting an abnormal immune process playing a role in the etiology of IH mimicking narcolepsy.

• #18 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  The exact cause of IH, also known as idiopathic hypersomnia, is unknown. However, there are several things that may trigger it, like drastic changes in sleep-wake patterns, overuse of energy, general anesthesia (medicine used to put you to sleep for surgery), viral illnesses, or mild head trauma. […] Recent studies suggest a genetic link could be involved in IH. For instance, it was found that certain forms of IH are associated with reduced signaling of orexin, a hormone that regulates wakefulness, due to a variant in the orexin producing gene. Another genetic variation, called the PER2 variant, is likewise thought to be involved. […] Scientists have also found that a type of molecule called micro RNA (miRNAs), which help control gene activity in cells, could be dysfunctional in people with IH. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that IH might be linked to an abnormal immune response, which is where the bodys defense system mistakenly reacts to harmless substances. This reaction might occur between a vaccine antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response) and similar structures on nerve cells, thereby causing IH in a way similar to narcolepsy, a disorder causing excessive sleepiness.

• #19 Idiopathic hypersomnia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy (hypersomnia) during the day and has great difficulty being awakened from sleep. Idiopathic means there is not a clear cause. […] Other causes of excessive sleepiness include: Depression, Certain medicines, Drug and alcohol use, Low thyroid function, Previous head injury. […] Your provider will likely prescribe stimulant medicines such as amphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil. These medicines may not work as well for this condition as they do for narcolepsy.

• #20 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a long-lasting (chronic) sleep disorder of the brain (neurologic disorder). Idiopathic means doctors don’t know what causes it. […] Common causes of EDS other than IH include: Prescribed medicines causing sleepiness as a side effect […] Another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy type 2 […] Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or fibromyalgia […] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. […] For more information, visit our web page for doctors: “Diagnosis, classification, symptoms, and causes of hypersomnias.”

• #21 'Rare’ disorder that causes extreme sleepiness may more common than thought | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/sleep/rare-disorder-that-causes-extreme-sleepiness-may-more-common-than-thought

  „Additional research may also clarify the causes of idiopathic hypersomnia and lead to new treatments,” Plante said. Current treatments alleviate only the symptoms of the condition, rather than treating its underlying cause; for example, stimulants might be prescribed to help patients to stay awake during the day.

• #21 'Rare’ disorder that causes extreme sleepiness may more common than thought | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/health/sleep/rare-disorder-that-causes-extreme-sleepiness-may-more-common-than-thought

  A new study suggests that a sleep disorder called idiopathic hypersomnia may not be as rare as previously thought. […] The condition is marked by feeling sleepy during the day despite having a good night’s rest. […] In a new study, scientists analyzed sleep data from nearly 800 people and found that 1.5% of them likely had idiopathic hypersomnia, a debilitating neurological condition that causes people to feel an excessive need to sleep and leads them to sleep a lot yet still feel sleepy during the day. […] However, scientists think the condition is likely underrecognized due to a lack of awareness and because „expensive” and „time-consuming” sleep testing is needed to make a diagnosis. […] „Further efforts to identify, diagnose and treat those impaired by idiopathic hypersomnia are needed,” he added.

• #22 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – Sleep Education by AASM

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is an uncommon sleep disorder that is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate quantity and normal quality of sleep at night. […] Since the causes of IH are currently unknown, treatment focuses on relieving the symptom of sleepiness. […] Research is ongoing to learn more about what causes IH. This will help to develop new treatment options.

• #23 Idiopathic hypersomnia: more than usual sleepiness | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2022/july/feature-article/idiopathic-hypersomnia-more-usual-sleepiness

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is defined as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; periods of the irrepressible need to sleep) and an excessive need to sleep (ENS; more than 10 hours of sleep in 24 hours) for at least three months which are not accounted for by other conditions. A diagnosis of IH is supported by laboratory-based sleep studies that exclude other sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea. Some patients experience repeated, rapid onset of sleep during a multiple sleep latency test, which measures EDS, whereas others may predominantly have symptoms of ENS, which are better quantified with sleep diaries or objective measures of sleep over days or weeks, such as actigraphy. […] The mechanisms that cause IH are unknown, although many potential neurochemical triggers have been proposed. One research group showed altered gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor modulators in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with hypersomnolence; however, clinical response to treatments to modify these with flumazenil have been inconsistent. Furthermore, response to medical treatment for IH is varied, which suggest causes of IH may be varied.

• #24 Hypersomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sleep/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-facts/

  If you are getting enough sleep and are still experiencing daytime sleepiness, its possible you have idiopathic hypersomnia, sometimes referred to as hypersomnolence disorder, according to the NIHs National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is really a diagnosis of exclusion, Bazil says. If you are still sleepy and there’s no other diagnosis, that’s idiopathic hypersomnia, though its pretty unusual. […] The criteria to be diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia include: You experience excessive sleepiness with prolonged sleep or daily daytime sleep episodes for at least one month (or you experience excessive sleepiness that lasts at least three days several times a year for at least two years); Youre unable to function properly and see the effects mentally, socially, and professionally; Your excessive sleepiness isnt due to another known cause. […] Khan says one area of research is the use of antibiotic anthramycin as a treatment option for idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Sodium oxybate, a prescription drug that induces a very deep sleep, is a relatively new treatment for idiopathic hypersomnia, Bazil says.

• #25 Hypersomnia: Signs and Symptoms | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/hypersomnia-symptoms

  There are several potential causes of hypersomnia. However, in some cases, you and your doctor may not be able to find the exact cause. […] In some cases, a medical professional will diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia which is a sleep disorder that is characterized by chronic excessive daytime sleepiness, an irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapses into sleep, and in some cases difficulty waking up from nocturnal sleep or daytime naps. […] The underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, and diagnosis requires exclusion of other more common causes of excessive sleepiness.

• #26 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). […] Those individuals tend to have long sleep periods, or if they have normal sleep periods, they can have sleep inertia. […] They may sleep, 10, 11, or 12 hours and they wake up and they are still foggy and sleepy. […] Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance. […] I think the answer is that we have a subgroup of individuals who are sleepy no matter how much sleep they get, and one of the common ways that they present is many people think that theyre depressed when theyre not really depressed. […] One factor in understanding the disorder is that it tends to involve more women and it tends to be more young women when it first starts.

• #26 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  But, something will eventually happen that tells them, Im sleepier than the rest of the world. […] Many times, they see their family physicians and get worked up for low thyroid or get treated for mood disturbance because theyre considered depressed. […] These oftentimes are blamed on personality characteristics, or being lazy, etc., and then theyre treated for depression and its really idiopathic hypersomnia. […] I dont think theyre similar because one, its unusual to have sleep apnea in a premenopausal women, but you can have it. […] Insufficient sleep is another, but these individuals will tell you that as a rule, unless theyre unusually stressed or in pain or whatever, they can get right off to sleep and sleep for long hours and are still not rested.

• #27 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia-ih

  IH is quite rare, with only 1 or 2 people with IH for every 10,000. The cause is not well understood, but it is probably related to chemical imbalances in the parts of the brain that regulate sleep and wakefulness. […] IH usually starts in younger people, with the average of onset being 22 years.

• #28 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis & Treatment | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/sleep-medicine/sleep-disorder/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic disorder that causes an excessive sleepiness, even after a full nights sleep. […] There is currently very little research on idiopathic hypersomnia, but it is believed that it may be caused by a combination of symptoms from other conditions, such as a brain abnormality, a low-grade unknown infection or brain damage. […] Since the cause of idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown, treatment is centered around easing the symptoms caused by hypersomnia.

• #29 Hypersomnia: Symptoms, causes and treatments | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/hypersomnia-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Treatment for hypersomnia depends on the cause of the disorder, according to the NINDS. For example, idiopathic hypersomnia may be treated with a drug called Xywav the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment, thought to work during sleep to help with symptoms during the day or stimulants like amphetamine, methylphenidate and modafinil.

• #30 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness – Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia – National Sleep Foundation

  https://www.thensf.org/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Two of these more rare conditions are narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Diagnosing and treating these conditions usually needs expert attention from sleep medicine specialists. […] Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is a rare sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness despite sufficient nighttime sleep. Its different from narcolepsy. When compared to the experience with narcolepsy, people with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) tend to sleep longer at night and may find it challenging to wake up because of prolonged confusion upon awakening (known as sleep inertia). Even though they may sleep longer, people with IH typically report they dont feel refreshed after sleep. […] Diagnosing IH involves ruling out other conditions and calls for a sleep medicine specialist to perform a sleep study. Treatment focuses on symptom management with medications, and though several types of stimulants are often prescribed off-label for IH, only recently was low-sodium oxybate approved for this use by FDA.

• #31 Idiopathic Hypersomnia In Los Angeles, CA

  https://www.laent.com/sleep-studies/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Idiopathic Hypersomnia is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that isn’t alleviated by sufficient nighttime sleep. […] The exact cause of Idiopathic Hypersomnia remains elusive, adding to the complexity of the disorder. While research is ongoing, potential factors such as genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, and abnormalities in the central nervous system are under investigation. […] Understanding these underlying causes is crucial for developing targeted and effective treatment strategies.

• #32 Idiopathic Hypersomnia causes more than just sleepiness

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/idiopathic-hypersomnia-causes-more-than-just-sleepiness

  The main symptom of Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is an overwhelming need for excessive sleep. […] IH affects cognitive function: including problems with memory, concentration and attention. […] People with IH can experience extreme and prolonged difficulty waking up with an uncontrollable desire to go back to sleep. […] People with IH may also experience headaches, and problems with autonomic dysfunction, eg: dizziness on standing, and temperature regulation. […] This study highlights the association of idiopathic hypersomnia with impairments in daily functioning, social aspects, cognition, affect, and work productivity. […] These findings add much-needed clarity to the experience of people with idiopathic hypersomnia regarding the multiple aspects of this disorder on daily life, and demonstrate a symptom burden that extends far beyond just excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Multiple studies have shown that people with idiopathic hypersomnia are impaired on most, or all, health-related QoL (quality of life) domains of the SF-36 compared with national norms even when the majority are treated with wake-promoting agents.

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