Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36401976/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime sleep being key symptoms in many patients. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features but may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose because of its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders. […] The testing required for diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia also presents logistical barriers, and reliability of objective sleep measures is suboptimal. […] In this review, clinical considerations related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of idiopathic hypersomnia will be discussed, including perspectives from the European Union and United States.

• #2 Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia

  https://research.bidmc.org/thomas-scammell/publications/clinical-considerations-diagnosis-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime sleep being key symptoms in many patients. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features but may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose because of its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders. […] The testing required for diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia also presents logistical barriers, and reliability of objective sleep measures is suboptimal.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis.html

  In order to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, a person must display symptoms of hypersomnia for at least 3 months and the disorder should have a significant impact on the person’s life. […] Making a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia requires carefully excluding other causes of daytime sleepiness such as insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders or medical issues. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] Other required tests to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia may include a polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and, in rare cases, biochemical or medical tests.

• #4

  https://www.sleepcountshcp.com/identifying-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  The ICSD-III-TR helps objectively diagnose patients and provides more information for developing an appropriate treatment plan. For a diagnosis of IH, the following must be met: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) daily for 3 months. Cataplexy is not present. PSG and MSLT findings are not consistent with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 or 2. Insufficient sleep syndrome is ruled out. At least one of the following: MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes. Total 24-hour sleep time is 660 minutes (typically 12-14 hours) on 24-hour PSG monitoring (performed after correction of chronic sleep deprivation), or by wrist actigraphy in association with a sleep log (averaged over at least 7 days with unrestricted sleep). Symptoms and signs are not better explained by a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder or other current sleep disorder, medical disorder, mental disorder, or medication/substance use or withdrawal.

• #5

  https://www.xywavhcp.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis/

  IH is a unique sleep disorder classified within the central disorders of hypersomnolence per ICSD-III-TR1 […] The ICSD-III-TR has distinct diagnostic criteria for IH that includes both daytime and nighttime diagnostic components1 […] For a diagnosis of IH, the following must be met1,8: EDS daily for 3 months […] PSG and MSLT findings are not consistent with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type I or 2 […] Insufficient sleep syndrome is ruled out […] Symptoms and signs are not better explained by a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder or other current sleep disorder, medical disorder, mental disorder, or medication/substance use or withdrawal.

• #6

  https://www.sleepcountshcp.com/identifying-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  The ICSD-III-TR helps objectively diagnose patients and provides more information for developing an appropriate treatment plan. For a diagnosis of IH, the following must be met: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) daily for 3 months. Cataplexy is not present. PSG and MSLT findings are not consistent with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 or 2. Insufficient sleep syndrome is ruled out. At least one of the following: MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes. Total 24-hour sleep time is 660 minutes (typically 12-14 hours) on 24-hour PSG monitoring (performed after correction of chronic sleep deprivation), or by wrist actigraphy in association with a sleep log (averaged over at least 7 days with unrestricted sleep). Symptoms and signs are not better explained by a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder or other current sleep disorder, medical disorder, mental disorder, or medication/substance use or withdrawal.

• #7 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis.html

  In order to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, a person must display symptoms of hypersomnia for at least 3 months and the disorder should have a significant impact on the person’s life. […] Making a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia requires carefully excluding other causes of daytime sleepiness such as insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders or medical issues. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] Other required tests to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia may include a polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and, in rare cases, biochemical or medical tests.

• #8 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  The ICSD-3-TR has redefined the criteria of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) to include varied presentations under the same diagnosis as opposed to distinguishing two separate forms (with and without long sleep time) that were characteristic of the ICSD-2 definition. […] ICSD-3-TR classifies Central disorders of hypersomnolence into „primary” and „secondary,” with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), and Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) making up the primary disorders. The secondary disorders include hypersomnia due to a medical or psychiatric disorder, due to a drug or substance, and lastly, due to insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). […] The American Sleep Disorders Associations International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition, Text Revision (ICSD-3-TR) has redefined the criteria of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) to include varied presentations under the same diagnosis as opposed to distinguishing two separate forms (with and without long sleep time) that were characteristic of the ICSD-2 definition.

• #9 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  To diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, your healthcare professional asks about your symptoms and reviews your medical history. You’ll also likely have a physical exam. You may have several tests to either diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia or rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms. […] People who are diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia have excess sleepiness every day for at least three months. […] These tools and tests also may help diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia: […] Polysomnogram. With this test, you stay in a sleep center overnight. A polysomnogram monitors your brain activity, eye movements, leg movements, heart rate, breathing function and oxygen levels as you sleep. […] Multiple sleep latency test. For this test, you are given multiple daytime nap opportunities. During these naps, the types and stages of sleep you go through are measured. This test usually is done the day after a polysomnogram.

• #10 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis.html

  In order to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, a person must display symptoms of hypersomnia for at least 3 months and the disorder should have a significant impact on the person’s life. […] Making a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia requires carefully excluding other causes of daytime sleepiness such as insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders or medical issues. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] Other required tests to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia may include a polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and, in rare cases, biochemical or medical tests.

• #11 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis.html

  In order to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, a person must display symptoms of hypersomnia for at least 3 months and the disorder should have a significant impact on the person’s life. […] Making a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia requires carefully excluding other causes of daytime sleepiness such as insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders or medical issues. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] Other required tests to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia may include a polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and, in rare cases, biochemical or medical tests.

• #12 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Symptoms & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia diagnosis usually consists of a combination of standard medical examination and sleep tests. Upon diagnosis, your doctor will identify if you have mild or severe idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia diagnosis includes: […] Medical History Your doctor will review your medical history to rule out other potential causes. […] Multiple Sleep Latency Test This test measures how long it takes a person to fall asleep during the day. A person with hypersomnia will usually fall asleep very quickly. […] Polysomnogram This overnight test is used to measure different aspects of sleep, such as eye movements, breathing, and heart rate. The test often takes place in a sleep lab. […] Epworth Sleepiness Scale The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a questionnaire that measures how tired you are during the day. […] Sleep Diary Your doctor may request that you keep a sleep diary in which you record your daily sleep and wake times.

• #13 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia affects an estimated 10 people out of every 100,000 in the United States annually. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia after a physical exam and testing. During the exam, your provider will learn more about your symptoms. […] Testing may include sleep studies like a polysomnography or a multiple sleep latency test. Your provider will review your sleep study results and run additional testing to rule out conditions with similar symptoms. […] There isn’t a cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but treatment options are available to help you manage symptoms. […] Medications are usually successful at treating symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Your provider may ask you to complete the Epworth Sleepiness Scale before you begin treatment and again during treatment to assess how well the treatment is working. […] Visit a healthcare provider if you’re exhausted during the daytime after sleeping through the night. […] A healthcare provider can help you manage symptoms to feel more awake.

• #14 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia affects an estimated 10 people out of every 100,000 in the United States annually. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia after a physical exam and testing. During the exam, your provider will learn more about your symptoms. […] Testing may include sleep studies like a polysomnography or a multiple sleep latency test. Your provider will review your sleep study results and run additional testing to rule out conditions with similar symptoms. […] There isn’t a cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but treatment options are available to help you manage symptoms. […] Medications are usually successful at treating symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Your provider may ask you to complete the Epworth Sleepiness Scale before you begin treatment and again during treatment to assess how well the treatment is working. […] Visit a healthcare provider if you’re exhausted during the daytime after sleeping through the night. […] A healthcare provider can help you manage symptoms to feel more awake.

• #15 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] Although IH is a diagnosis of exclusion, electrophysiological testing, including polysomnography and mean sleep latency test remain crucial to establish the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis of IH is by excluding other reasons and causes of hypersomnia. However, history alone is insufficient to make the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia. Therefore, objective tests such as polysomnography (PSG) followed by multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) are very important to measure the mean sleep latency and the number of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMs) in addition to the use of a wrist actigraphy in association with a sleep log are essential to distinguish IH from other disorders that cause similar symptoms including depression, insufficient sleep, sedating medication, and sleep-related breathing disorders.

• #16 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  To diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, your healthcare professional asks about your symptoms and reviews your medical history. You’ll also likely have a physical exam. You may have several tests to either diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia or rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms. […] People who are diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia have excess sleepiness every day for at least three months. […] These tools and tests also may help diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia: […] Polysomnogram. With this test, you stay in a sleep center overnight. A polysomnogram monitors your brain activity, eye movements, leg movements, heart rate, breathing function and oxygen levels as you sleep. […] Multiple sleep latency test. For this test, you are given multiple daytime nap opportunities. During these naps, the types and stages of sleep you go through are measured. This test usually is done the day after a polysomnogram.

• #17

  https://www.sleepcountshcp.com/identifying-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  In the US, approximately 37,000 adult patients have been diagnosed with IH and are actively seeking medical care. It is estimated that far fewer people are currently receiving pharmacological treatment for their IH. This low number of people may be due to the many difficulties in identifying and diagnosing IH, as well as distinguishing it from other similar sleep disorders. […] EDS is an essential feature of IH. Understanding key symptoms and other aspects of medical history is crucial when evaluating patients who present with EDS. If no clear cause of sleepiness is found or sleepiness persists after correction of other factors, sleep testing with polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) should be considered. PSG is important in the workup of patients with possible IH and is used to exclude other causes of EDS. If a patient has an MSL 8 min and 2 SOREMPs on the MSLT, consider a diagnosis of IH.

• #18 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia lacks a clearly defining biological marker (i.e., HLA-DQB1*0602 genotype in narcolepsy). Doctors can more carefully exclude these causes of EDS in order to more correctly diagnose IH. […] The severity of EDS can be quantified by subjective scales, such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and also by objective tests, like actigraphy, psychomotor vigilance task, maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) although as per latest research studies, the effectiveness of MSLT has been called into question. […] In patients with IH, polysomnography typically shows short sleep latency, increased mean slow wave sleep, and a high mean sleep efficiency. „Latency to REM sleep and percentages of light sleep and REM sleep were normal, compared with normal ranges.”

• #19 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  To diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, your healthcare professional asks about your symptoms and reviews your medical history. You’ll also likely have a physical exam. You may have several tests to either diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia or rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms. […] People who are diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia have excess sleepiness every day for at least three months. […] These tools and tests also may help diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia: […] Polysomnogram. With this test, you stay in a sleep center overnight. A polysomnogram monitors your brain activity, eye movements, leg movements, heart rate, breathing function and oxygen levels as you sleep. […] Multiple sleep latency test. For this test, you are given multiple daytime nap opportunities. During these naps, the types and stages of sleep you go through are measured. This test usually is done the day after a polysomnogram.

• #20 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

  https://project-sleep.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurological sleep disorder. People with IH are very sleepy despite getting normal or longer amounts of sleep, but the exact cause is not known. […] Seeing a sleep specialist is recommended for people who are experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness or other symptoms that indicate you may be living with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia usually involves medical tests to check for other potential causes of sleepiness, such as narcolepsy or other sleep disorders. […] To check for other sleep disorders, an overnight sleep study (also called polysomnography) is done followed by a multiple sleep latency test the next day, where the person is asked to nap for 20 minutes every 2 hours. People who fall asleep very quickly but don’t enter REM sleep may have idiopathic hypersomnia. Both tests are done in a sleep center/lab, with stick-on sensors that measure breathing, heart rate, brain activity, and body movements while asleep.

• #21 Diagnosis, classification, symptoms, and causes of hypersomnias – such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/classification/

  Sleep attacks […] Fatigue […] Automatic behaviors […] Autonomic symptoms, such as headache, orthostatic intolerance, and temperature dysregulation […] Motor hyperactivity […] Sleep-related hallucinations […] Sleep paralysis […] Disrupted nighttime sleep […] Summarized ICSD-3-TR diagnostic criteria for IH […] The ICSD-3-TR diagnostic criteria don’t differentiate between IH with and without long sleep. The criteria are partly a diagnosis of exclusion because researchers don’t know the cause of IH or its biomarkers. The criteria are: […] Daily EDS for at least 3 months […] Overnight PSG and MSLT results don’t indicate NT1 or NT2 […] No more than 1 SOREMP on the MSLT and preceding overnight PSG combined […] No cataplexy […] The presence of one or both of the following:

• #22 Challenges in Diagnosing Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  http://sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.17241/smr.2023.01669

  Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are central disorders of hypersomnolence accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness, which are not caused by nocturnal sleep disturbance, sleep deficiency, or circadian rhythm sleep disorders. […] The diagnosis of NT2 may shift to idiopathic hypersomnia based on the MSLT results, making the differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia particularly challenging. […] Therefore, this study suggests the need for new tests in addition to the MSLT for diagnostic consistency in NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. […] The diagnostic criteria for NT1 and NT2 are the same for the MSLT, with a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes and 2 sleep-onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) episodes, while that of idiopathic hypersomnia varies by a sleep latency of 8 minutes but with 1 SOREM episodes.

• #23 How Do I Know If I Have Narcolepsy or Idiopathic Hypersomnia?Share to Facebookprint pageBookmark for latercommentcaret iconcaret iconmore actionsFollow us on facebookFollow us on instagramFollow us on facebookFollow us on linkedincaret icon

  https://narcolepsy.sleep-disorders.net/clinical/type-2-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  However, in NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia, there is no cataplexy. People who have idiopathic hypersomnia find themselves sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. They also can have trouble waking up and may feel lightheaded when they stand up quickly. They may find that even after taking a long nap, they wake up feeling unrefreshed. […] To learn whether you are having SOREMPs, your doctor may recommend testing at a sleep clinic. There, you will have a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), which will check your daytime sleepiness by seeing how quickly you fall asleep. […] Having 2 or more SOREMPs is what makes NT2 different from idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Diagnosing NT2 versus idiopathic hypersomnia is not an exact science. […] This means the test may be unreliable, and it may not always be clear if the person has idiopathic hypersomnia or NT2.

• #24 Examining Clinical Considerations for Diagnosis, Management of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/examining-clinical-considerations-for-diagnosis-management-of-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Because of frequently normal MSLT findings in IH with long sleep time (LST) and low MSLT test-retest reliability, researchers have proposed objective evidence of LST as a more reliable endpoint, said the study authors. […] Per ICSD-3 criteria, sleep inertia is also not required for diagnosing IH, but it is an important, common symptom that clinicians should recognize and quantify, noted researchers. […] More research is needed into protocols for diagnostic testing to improve accuracy, reliability, and convenience, especially approaches for in-laboratory and in-home recordings for extended sleep duration, they concluded.

• #25 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Współczesne zarządzanie narkolepsją i idiopatyczną hipersomnią powinno uwzględniać preferencje i priorytety jednostki, aby wspierać optymalne funkcjonowanie w szkole, w pracy oraz w sferach społecznych i rodzinnych. […] Narkolepsja i idiopatyczna hipersomnia są centralnymi zaburzeniami hipersomolencji, a diagnoza opiera się na historii klinicznej i wspierających testach neurofizjologicznych. […] W przypadku podejrzenia centralnego zaburzenia hipersomolencji, testy wspierające najczęściej obejmują nocną polisomnografię (PSG) oraz MSLT przeprowadzane w ośrodku snu. […] Nawet przy przestrzeganiu najlepszych praktyk, nocna polisomnografia z MSLT nie jest idealnym testem. […] Wrażliwość i niezawodność są ograniczone dla idiopatycznej hipersomnii, z nawet połową osób z idiopatyczną hipersomnią mających normalne wyniki testu PSG.

• #26 Diagnosis, classification, symptoms, and causes of hypersomnias – such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/classification/

  MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes or less […] Total 24-hour sleep time is at least 11 hours (more typically 12 to 14 hours) when measured in one of the following ways: […] 24-hour PSG after correcting any chronic sleep deprivation […] Wrist actigraphy recorded along with a sleep log and averaged over at least 7 days of unrestricted sleep […] Sufficient sleep for at least 1 week (preferably confirmed by wrist actigraphy) fails to improve sleepiness […] In people with sleep needs of more than 7 to 8 hours, average sleep duration (for example, 7 hours per night in adults) may be insufficient […] Long sleepers don’t have EDS if they are allowed to sleep as long as they need […] Another sleep disorder, medical or mental disorder, or medicine or substance use doesn’t better explain the symptoms

• #27 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) -the third edition, the diagnostic criteria are as follows: Daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep, No cataplexy, MSLT with mean sleep latency 8 minutes or TST 660 minutes on 24-hour PSG or actigraphy with a sleep log, No evidence of insufficient sleep (from the sleep diary), MSLT findings or symptoms of hypersomnolence are not better explained by alternate etiology.

• #28 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] Although IH is a diagnosis of exclusion, electrophysiological testing, including polysomnography and mean sleep latency test remain crucial to establish the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis of IH is by excluding other reasons and causes of hypersomnia. However, history alone is insufficient to make the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia. Therefore, objective tests such as polysomnography (PSG) followed by multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) are very important to measure the mean sleep latency and the number of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMs) in addition to the use of a wrist actigraphy in association with a sleep log are essential to distinguish IH from other disorders that cause similar symptoms including depression, insufficient sleep, sedating medication, and sleep-related breathing disorders.

• #29 Diagnosis, classification, symptoms, and causes of hypersomnias – such as idiopathic hypersomnia, narcolepsy types 1 and 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/professionals/classification/

  MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes or less […] Total 24-hour sleep time is at least 11 hours (more typically 12 to 14 hours) when measured in one of the following ways: […] 24-hour PSG after correcting any chronic sleep deprivation […] Wrist actigraphy recorded along with a sleep log and averaged over at least 7 days of unrestricted sleep […] Sufficient sleep for at least 1 week (preferably confirmed by wrist actigraphy) fails to improve sleepiness […] In people with sleep needs of more than 7 to 8 hours, average sleep duration (for example, 7 hours per night in adults) may be insufficient […] Long sleepers don’t have EDS if they are allowed to sleep as long as they need […] Another sleep disorder, medical or mental disorder, or medicine or substance use doesn’t better explain the symptoms

• #30 What Is Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  To find out if you have IH, your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you about your family and medical history. Theyll review your symptoms and ask you about any medications youre taking. […] Doctors typically consider a diagnosis of IH if youve had extreme daytime sleepiness for at least 3 months and if your symptoms are affecting your daily activities.

• #31 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The most widely used test is overnight polysomnography, followed by the MSLT. This sequence of sleep studies allows sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy, periodic leg movements, and sleep fragmentation to be ruled out as causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The MSLT was originally devised for the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1, where it is best validated. However, outside of narcolepsy type 1, its diagnostic utility is more limited. […] The most recent version of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders has allowed for the usage of prolonged polysomnography in the objective documentation of excessive sleep (more than 660 minutes). […] A CT scan or MRI scan of the brain may be required if a structural brain lesion is a consideration, but such a decision is usually guided by clinical history evincing other symptoms or abnormalities on neurologic examination.

• #32 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Diagnosis | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis.html

  In order to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia, a person must display symptoms of hypersomnia for at least 3 months and the disorder should have a significant impact on the person’s life. […] Making a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia requires carefully excluding other causes of daytime sleepiness such as insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders or medical issues. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] Other required tests to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia may include a polysomnogram, multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and, in rare cases, biochemical or medical tests.

• #33 Idiopathic hypersomnia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy (hypersomnia) during the day and has great difficulty being awakened from sleep. Idiopathic means there is not a clear cause. […] Your health care provider will ask about your sleep history. The usual approach is to consider other possible causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Tests that may be ordered include: Multiple-sleep latency test (a test to see how long it takes you to fall asleep during a daytime nap) and Sleep study (polysomnography, to identify other sleep disorders). […] A mental health evaluation for depression may also be done.

• #34 Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36401976/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime sleep being key symptoms in many patients. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features but may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose because of its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders. […] The testing required for diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia also presents logistical barriers, and reliability of objective sleep measures is suboptimal. […] In this review, clinical considerations related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of idiopathic hypersomnia will be discussed, including perspectives from the European Union and United States.

• #35 Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia

  https://research.bidmc.org/thomas-scammell/publications/clinical-considerations-diagnosis-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime sleep being key symptoms in many patients. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features but may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose because of its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders. […] The testing required for diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia also presents logistical barriers, and reliability of objective sleep measures is suboptimal.

• #36 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The most widely used test is overnight polysomnography, followed by the MSLT. This sequence of sleep studies allows sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy, periodic leg movements, and sleep fragmentation to be ruled out as causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] The MSLT was originally devised for the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1, where it is best validated. However, outside of narcolepsy type 1, its diagnostic utility is more limited. […] The most recent version of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders has allowed for the usage of prolonged polysomnography in the objective documentation of excessive sleep (more than 660 minutes). […] A CT scan or MRI scan of the brain may be required if a structural brain lesion is a consideration, but such a decision is usually guided by clinical history evincing other symptoms or abnormalities on neurologic examination.

• #37 Challenges in Diagnosing Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  http://sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.17241/smr.2023.01669

  Nevertheless, the validity of the MSLT has been questioned for NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. […] This article reviews studies in which the diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia has been changed by repeated MSLTs and discusses the potential causes and countermeasures for these diagnostic shifts. […] The presence of other aforementioned sleep disorders may have confounded the initial diagnosis. […] Thus, stimulant medication may delay sleep latency. […] As such, the MSLT has limitations in diagnosing NT2 and inconsistencies in follow-up tests. […] It is highly recommended to repeat the MSLT and further develop more accurate diagnostic methods to reduce unwanted diagnostic shifts. […] The differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia solely relying on MSLT should also be improved, as it could undermine the diagnostic classification of narcolepsy and hinder the accurate research of narcolepsy.

• #38 :: Sleep Medicine Research

  https://www.sleepmedres.org/m/journal/view.php?number=228

  This article reviews studies in which the diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia has been changed by repeated MSLTs and discusses the potential causes and countermeasures for these diagnostic shifts. […] As such, the MSLT has limitations in diagnosing NT2 and inconsistencies in follow-up tests. Precise diagnosis of NT2 requires careful attention to diagnostic complications and appropriate test conditions. It is highly recommended to repeat the MSLT and further develop more accurate diagnostic methods to reduce unwanted diagnostic shifts. The differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia solely relying on MSLT should also be improved, as it could undermine the diagnostic classification of narcolepsy and hinder the accurate research of narcolepsy.

• #39 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia lacks a clearly defining biological marker (i.e., HLA-DQB1*0602 genotype in narcolepsy). Doctors can more carefully exclude these causes of EDS in order to more correctly diagnose IH. […] The severity of EDS can be quantified by subjective scales, such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and also by objective tests, like actigraphy, psychomotor vigilance task, maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) although as per latest research studies, the effectiveness of MSLT has been called into question. […] In patients with IH, polysomnography typically shows short sleep latency, increased mean slow wave sleep, and a high mean sleep efficiency. „Latency to REM sleep and percentages of light sleep and REM sleep were normal, compared with normal ranges.”

• #40 Challenges in Diagnosing Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  http://sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.17241/smr.2023.01669

  Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are central disorders of hypersomnolence accompanied by excessive daytime sleepiness, which are not caused by nocturnal sleep disturbance, sleep deficiency, or circadian rhythm sleep disorders. […] The diagnosis of NT2 may shift to idiopathic hypersomnia based on the MSLT results, making the differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia particularly challenging. […] Therefore, this study suggests the need for new tests in addition to the MSLT for diagnostic consistency in NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. […] The diagnostic criteria for NT1 and NT2 are the same for the MSLT, with a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes and 2 sleep-onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) episodes, while that of idiopathic hypersomnia varies by a sleep latency of 8 minutes but with 1 SOREM episodes.

• #41 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – A Comprehensive Review

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/2017/12/29/idiopathic-hypersomnia-a-comprehensive-review

  In addition, the validity of SOREMPs during the MSLT in diagnosing narcolepsy without cataplexy or narcolepsy (without affiliation status), was brought into question, as well as the validity of MSL during the MSLT in diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Thus, the current ICSD-3 abandoned the division between idiopathic hypersomnia with and without long sleep time and revised the polysomnographic criteria of idiopathic hypersomnia. […] It is therefore ironic that the ICSD3 now pools both conditions (with and without long sleep time) into one heterogeneous condition because researchers were unable to objectively separate both forms of the disease based on the length of nocturnal sleep; patients above the cut-off of 10 hours of sleep showed no significant differences in daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT).

• #42 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – A Comprehensive Review

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/2017/12/29/idiopathic-hypersomnia-a-comprehensive-review

  The need for alternatives to the MSLT has been discussed and questions raised regarding the appropriateness of the MSLT for diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia and N2 as early as the Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. […] As idiopathic hypersomnia (and N2) lack biological markers and sufficient electrophysiological diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia (and N2) currently rests on the exclusion of other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, detailed history and careful clinical analysis. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is frequently misdiagnosed therefore it is important to consider all the conditions that can be confused with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] The main pitfall is not making an accurate diagnosis. […] The terms idiopathic hypersomnia and hypersomnia of unknown origin are not synonymous.

• #43 Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36401976/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sleep inertia, long, unrefreshing naps, and prolonged nighttime sleep being key symptoms in many patients. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features but may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose because of its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders. […] The testing required for diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia also presents logistical barriers, and reliability of objective sleep measures is suboptimal. […] In this review, clinical considerations related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of idiopathic hypersomnia will be discussed, including perspectives from the European Union and United States.

• #44 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Is More Than Just Sleepiness | California Sleep Society

  https://californiasleepsociety.org/news/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-more-than-just-sleepiness/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a sleep disorder that is primarily characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; the inability to remain awake or alert during the day) and, in some patients, an excessive need for sleep (often sleeping more than 11 hours in a day). […] According to the current International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), the official process for diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia includes establishing that a patient has hypersomnia that is not better explained by other factors (such as insufficient sleep or drug/medication use) or disorders (such as sleep apnea, depression, or narcolepsy). Patients can be diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia if their average time to fall asleep on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) is 8 minutes or less, or their sleep duration within a 24-hour period is at least 11 hours, as assessed with polysomnography (PSG) or wrist actigraphy and a sleep log.

• #45 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  A survey of health care providers found a lack of knowledge on idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) among physicians, and that the disorder is often misdiagnosed. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). […] People with IH often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time, blaming themselves and struggling to maintain work, studies and relationships. […] To better determine physicians understanding of the sleep disorder, the Hypersomnia Foundation and Jazz Pharmaceuticals conducted a survey of 305 health care providers, measuring their perceptions and knowledge of IH. […] Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance.

• #46 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  A survey of health care providers found a lack of knowledge on idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) among physicians, and that the disorder is often misdiagnosed. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). […] People with IH often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time, blaming themselves and struggling to maintain work, studies and relationships. […] To better determine physicians understanding of the sleep disorder, the Hypersomnia Foundation and Jazz Pharmaceuticals conducted a survey of 305 health care providers, measuring their perceptions and knowledge of IH. […] Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance.

• #47 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: The Patient Diagnostic Journey | myCME

  https://www.mycme.com/courses/idiopathic-hypersomnia-the-patient-diagnostic-journey-8971

  Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), severe sleep inertia, and prolonged, non-restorative nighttime sleep. Patients with IH report experiencing brain fog, poor memory, and sleep drunkenness, even though 50% of patients report sleeping 10 hours or more nightly. Quality of life (QoL) is worse in patients with IH compared to healthy patients, with IH contributing to worsened cognition, poor daily functioning, work absenteeism, and depression. However, clinician understanding of IH is poor, and recognition of signs and symptoms of IH may not be adequate. Findings indicate that patients can wait up to 5-10 years for a diagnosis to be given, indicating that clinicians lack familiarity with IH and the ability to correlate symptoms with the disease. […] In this CMEO BriefCase, entitled Recognizing IH: The Patient Diagnostic Journey, expert faculty will walk through a case-driven discussion on the significant impact of symptoms on QoL and work/psychosocial functioning for patients with IH, and how this leads to delays in screening and diagnosis. […] Upon completion of the educational activity, participants should be able to: Screen for IH based on clinical presentation or patient or family/caregiver description of function and changes in QoL.

• #48 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  Consequently, many of them develop comorbid mood disorders. […] I think understanding the time course is key. […] If they are depressed, I think its important to recognize that theyre sleepy and thats why I say if you have a person whos having problems with executive function, thinking, memory, focus, attention or mood disturbance, depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, trouble with memory, etc., then determine whether theyre sleepy or not. […] I think its because the time of onset tends to be in younger adults, and because the sleep disorder also tends to be in more women than men. […] Many times, they see their family physicians and get worked up for low thyroid or get treated for mood disturbance because theyre considered depressed. […] These oftentimes are blamed on personality characteristics, or being lazy, etc., and then theyre treated for depression and its really idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #49 Idiopathic Hypersomnia, Understanding the Often Overlooked Sleep Disorder | Jazz Pharmaceuticals

  https://www.jazzpharma.com/science_stories/idiopathic-hypersomnia-understanding-often-overlooked-sleep-disorder

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a debilitating neurologic sleep disorder characterized by chronic excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with IH are often unable to stay awake and alert during the day, which results in an irrepressible need to sleep or unplanned lapses into sleep or drowsiness. Its not a problem that can be solved with naps or a good nights sleeppeople with IH may sleep a normal or longer than normal amount of time each night but still experience excessive sleepiness during the day. […] Managing the challenges of IH is further complicated by low levels of awareness which may contribute to patients experiencing long delays in receiving an accurate diagnosisup to 10 to 15 years in some cases. […] Despite the disruptive effects IH can have on nearly every aspect of a patients life, there are currently no U.S. FDA-approved treatments for the condition.

• #50 Challenges in Diagnosing Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  http://sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.17241/smr.2023.01669

  Nevertheless, the validity of the MSLT has been questioned for NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. […] This article reviews studies in which the diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia has been changed by repeated MSLTs and discusses the potential causes and countermeasures for these diagnostic shifts. […] The presence of other aforementioned sleep disorders may have confounded the initial diagnosis. […] Thus, stimulant medication may delay sleep latency. […] As such, the MSLT has limitations in diagnosing NT2 and inconsistencies in follow-up tests. […] It is highly recommended to repeat the MSLT and further develop more accurate diagnostic methods to reduce unwanted diagnostic shifts. […] The differential diagnosis of NT2 and idiopathic hypersomnia solely relying on MSLT should also be improved, as it could undermine the diagnostic classification of narcolepsy and hinder the accurate research of narcolepsy.

• #51 Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Sleep Review

  https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-disorders/hypersomnias/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Because of these limitations in our current diagnostic tools, my own area of research is in how alternative diagnostic paradigms and alternative tests may help better demonstrate or better capture the excessive daytime sleepiness and prolonged sleep duration that is experienced by people with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Unfortunately, even with best practices […] the overnight PSG followed by the multiple sleep latency test can still miss idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #52 Examining Clinical Considerations for Diagnosis, Management of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/examining-clinical-considerations-for-diagnosis-management-of-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Because of frequently normal MSLT findings in IH with long sleep time (LST) and low MSLT test-retest reliability, researchers have proposed objective evidence of LST as a more reliable endpoint, said the study authors. […] Per ICSD-3 criteria, sleep inertia is also not required for diagnosing IH, but it is an important, common symptom that clinicians should recognize and quantify, noted researchers. […] More research is needed into protocols for diagnostic testing to improve accuracy, reliability, and convenience, especially approaches for in-laboratory and in-home recordings for extended sleep duration, they concluded.

• #53

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-023-00998-6

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that manifests as excessive daytime sleepiness despite normal or prolonged sleep times for age. […] The approach to treatment can be challenging owing to a limited number of approved treatments (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) in idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Future directions require a clear consensus on the defining characteristics of idiopathic hypersomnia to enhance the opportunity for improved recognition, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to be established. […] This article provides a historical review of the evolving diagnostic classification of idiopathic hypersomnia, potential insights to the underlying pathophysiology, and a summary of proposed approaches for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

• #54 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Is More Than Just Sleepiness | California Sleep Society

  https://californiasleepsociety.org/news/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-more-than-just-sleepiness/

  The Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) is a validated, 14-item, self-report questionnaire that assesses the severity, frequency, and consequences of long sleep duration, sleep inertia, napping, and daytime functioning. As such, the IHSS can help capture the full clinical presentation of idiopathic hypersomnia, including aspects such as EDS, sleep inertia, prolonged sleep time, naps that are long and unrefreshing, and cognitive function. […] Increased understanding and adequate assessment of the full presentation of idiopathic hypersomnia will enable clinicians to feel confident in their ability to recognize idiopathic hypersomnia during a clinical evaluation.

• #55 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Is More Than Just Sleepiness | California Sleep Society

  https://californiasleepsociety.org/news/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-more-than-just-sleepiness/

  The Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) is a validated, 14-item, self-report questionnaire that assesses the severity, frequency, and consequences of long sleep duration, sleep inertia, napping, and daytime functioning. As such, the IHSS can help capture the full clinical presentation of idiopathic hypersomnia, including aspects such as EDS, sleep inertia, prolonged sleep time, naps that are long and unrefreshing, and cognitive function. […] Increased understanding and adequate assessment of the full presentation of idiopathic hypersomnia will enable clinicians to feel confident in their ability to recognize idiopathic hypersomnia during a clinical evaluation.

• #56

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-023-00998-6

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that manifests as excessive daytime sleepiness despite normal or prolonged sleep times for age. […] The approach to treatment can be challenging owing to a limited number of approved treatments (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) in idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Future directions require a clear consensus on the defining characteristics of idiopathic hypersomnia to enhance the opportunity for improved recognition, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to be established. […] This article provides a historical review of the evolving diagnostic classification of idiopathic hypersomnia, potential insights to the underlying pathophysiology, and a summary of proposed approaches for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

• #57 Idiopathic hypersomnia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, characterized by at least three months of daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep, or daytime lapses into sleep or drowsiness. Cataplexy consistent with narcolepsy type 1 is absent, and sleep laboratory testing does not suggest narcolepsy type 1 or 2. Objective evidence documents signs of excessive daytime sleepiness or at least 11 hours of total sleep time in a 24-hour period. Insufficient sleep is not present, and additional sleep and wake, circadian rhythm, or medical conditions or treatments are not better explanations for signs and symptoms. […] The pathophysiology of idiopathic hypersomnia is not well understood. When a diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is established, treatment is largely pharmacologic and aimed at control of symptoms, with generally good, but somewhat variable results.

• #58 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Nowe opcje leczenia podkreślają znaczenie efektywnej i dokładnej diagnozy centralnych zaburzeń hipersomolencji, takich jak narkolepsja i idiopatyczna hipersomnia. […] Opóźniona diagnoza jest znanym problemem dla narkolepsji i idiopatycznej hipersomnii, często z latami upływającymi od wystąpienia objawów do diagnozy. […] Niedostateczne rozpoznanie tych zaburzeń, nakładanie się objawów z bardziej powszechnymi zaburzeniami oraz ograniczenia w testach diagnostycznych mogą utrudniać terminową diagnozę. […] Nawet przy wysokim stopniu klinicznego podejrzenia, obecne testy diagnostyczne mają ograniczenia dla idiopatycznej hipersomnii, które mogą prowadzić do opóźnień w opiece nad osobami z tym schorzeniem. […] Jednak efektywna i dokładna diagnoza tych stanów jest ważna, ponieważ rośnie dostępność leków, które poprawiają jakość życia i znacznie łagodzą objawy tych zaburzeń.

• #59 Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Hypersomnia | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/impairment-in-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-idiopat-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a debilitating neurologic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, and prolonged sleep. Its impact on patients quality of life and daily functioning has not been fully elucidated. The Real World Idiopathic Hypersomnia Outcomes Study (ARISE) evaluated the daily functioning, relationships, cognition, emotional well-being, and productivity/employment of participants with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is a multistep process that requires ruling out other medical disorders. Either a 24-hour sleep time totaling 11 hours using 24-hour polysomnography or 7-day wrist actigraphy with a sleep log, or a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes on the multiple sleep latency test, must be present for a diagnosis. […] The impact of idiopathic hypersomnia on patients quality of life (QoL) and daily functioning has not been well studied. The few available studies indicate that people with idiopathic hypersomnia have greater anxiety, depressive symptoms, cognitive difficulties, and functional impairments compared with people without idiopathic hypersomnia.

• #60 Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Hypersomnia | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/impairment-in-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-idiopat-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  The ARISE study was conducted to assess daily functioning and QoL in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, an area that has not been well studied. The characteristics of this study population were broadly consistent with other larger studies of people with idiopathic hypersomnia. Overall, ARISE participants showed impairment in daily functioning and social aspects compared with means from normative populations, as well as substantial impairment in work productivity and general activity. A large proportion of participants reported moderate to severe cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms. […] Findings from this real-world study demonstrate the associations of idiopathic hypersomnia with substantial impairments in quality of life, daily functioning, cognition, mood, relationships, and work productivity. These results indicate that measures of functional impairments are important to include in effectiveness trials for idiopathic hypersomnia treatments, and provide a baseline against which treatment effectiveness may be evaluated.

• #61 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. […] Diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia requires ruling out more common sleep conditions. […] Treatment aims to control symptoms with medicine.

• #62 Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Hypersomnia | NSS

  https://www.dovepress.com/impairment-in-functioning-and-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-idiopat-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSS

  The ARISE study was conducted to assess daily functioning and QoL in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, an area that has not been well studied. The characteristics of this study population were broadly consistent with other larger studies of people with idiopathic hypersomnia. Overall, ARISE participants showed impairment in daily functioning and social aspects compared with means from normative populations, as well as substantial impairment in work productivity and general activity. A large proportion of participants reported moderate to severe cognitive complaints and depressive symptoms. […] Findings from this real-world study demonstrate the associations of idiopathic hypersomnia with substantial impairments in quality of life, daily functioning, cognition, mood, relationships, and work productivity. These results indicate that measures of functional impairments are important to include in effectiveness trials for idiopathic hypersomnia treatments, and provide a baseline against which treatment effectiveness may be evaluated.

• #63 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  A survey of health care providers found a lack of knowledge on idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) among physicians, and that the disorder is often misdiagnosed. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). […] People with IH often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time, blaming themselves and struggling to maintain work, studies and relationships. […] To better determine physicians understanding of the sleep disorder, the Hypersomnia Foundation and Jazz Pharmaceuticals conducted a survey of 305 health care providers, measuring their perceptions and knowledge of IH. […] Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance.

• #64 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Nowe opcje leczenia podkreślają znaczenie efektywnej i dokładnej diagnozy centralnych zaburzeń hipersomolencji, takich jak narkolepsja i idiopatyczna hipersomnia. […] Opóźniona diagnoza jest znanym problemem dla narkolepsji i idiopatycznej hipersomnii, często z latami upływającymi od wystąpienia objawów do diagnozy. […] Niedostateczne rozpoznanie tych zaburzeń, nakładanie się objawów z bardziej powszechnymi zaburzeniami oraz ograniczenia w testach diagnostycznych mogą utrudniać terminową diagnozę. […] Nawet przy wysokim stopniu klinicznego podejrzenia, obecne testy diagnostyczne mają ograniczenia dla idiopatycznej hipersomnii, które mogą prowadzić do opóźnień w opiece nad osobami z tym schorzeniem. […] Jednak efektywna i dokładna diagnoza tych stanów jest ważna, ponieważ rośnie dostępność leków, które poprawiają jakość życia i znacznie łagodzą objawy tych zaburzeń.

• #65 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia affects an estimated 10 people out of every 100,000 in the United States annually. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia after a physical exam and testing. During the exam, your provider will learn more about your symptoms. […] Testing may include sleep studies like a polysomnography or a multiple sleep latency test. Your provider will review your sleep study results and run additional testing to rule out conditions with similar symptoms. […] There isn’t a cure for idiopathic hypersomnia, but treatment options are available to help you manage symptoms. […] Medications are usually successful at treating symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Your provider may ask you to complete the Epworth Sleepiness Scale before you begin treatment and again during treatment to assess how well the treatment is working. […] Visit a healthcare provider if you’re exhausted during the daytime after sleeping through the night. […] A healthcare provider can help you manage symptoms to feel more awake.

• #66 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: The Patient Diagnostic Journey | myCME

  https://www.mycme.com/courses/idiopathic-hypersomnia-the-patient-diagnostic-journey-8971

  Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), severe sleep inertia, and prolonged, non-restorative nighttime sleep. Patients with IH report experiencing brain fog, poor memory, and sleep drunkenness, even though 50% of patients report sleeping 10 hours or more nightly. Quality of life (QoL) is worse in patients with IH compared to healthy patients, with IH contributing to worsened cognition, poor daily functioning, work absenteeism, and depression. However, clinician understanding of IH is poor, and recognition of signs and symptoms of IH may not be adequate. Findings indicate that patients can wait up to 5-10 years for a diagnosis to be given, indicating that clinicians lack familiarity with IH and the ability to correlate symptoms with the disease. […] In this CMEO BriefCase, entitled Recognizing IH: The Patient Diagnostic Journey, expert faculty will walk through a case-driven discussion on the significant impact of symptoms on QoL and work/psychosocial functioning for patients with IH, and how this leads to delays in screening and diagnosis. […] Upon completion of the educational activity, participants should be able to: Screen for IH based on clinical presentation or patient or family/caregiver description of function and changes in QoL.

• #67 Spotlight on Sleep: Updates in Diagnosis and Treatment of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/sleep/spotlight-on-sleep-updates-in-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-narcolepsy-and-idiopathic-hypersomnia/32063/

  Istnieje brak leczenia dla narkolepsji lub idiopatycznej hipersomnii, które zazwyczaj są uważane za zaburzenia dożywotnie. […] Obecne terapie mają na celu minimalizowanie objawów senności i katapleksji. […] Staranna historia kliniczna i senna, która obejmuje ocenę czasu i długości snu oraz przemyślane zastosowanie dostępnych testów diagnostycznych, przyczynia się do poprawy diagnozy centralnych zaburzeń hipersomolencji.

• #68 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] Although IH is a diagnosis of exclusion, electrophysiological testing, including polysomnography and mean sleep latency test remain crucial to establish the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis of IH is by excluding other reasons and causes of hypersomnia. However, history alone is insufficient to make the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia. Therefore, objective tests such as polysomnography (PSG) followed by multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) are very important to measure the mean sleep latency and the number of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMs) in addition to the use of a wrist actigraphy in association with a sleep log are essential to distinguish IH from other disorders that cause similar symptoms including depression, insufficient sleep, sedating medication, and sleep-related breathing disorders.

• #69

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-023-00998-6

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that manifests as excessive daytime sleepiness despite normal or prolonged sleep times for age. […] The approach to treatment can be challenging owing to a limited number of approved treatments (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates) in idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Future directions require a clear consensus on the defining characteristics of idiopathic hypersomnia to enhance the opportunity for improved recognition, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to be established. […] This article provides a historical review of the evolving diagnostic classification of idiopathic hypersomnia, potential insights to the underlying pathophysiology, and a summary of proposed approaches for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

• #70 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  A survey of health care providers found a lack of knowledge on idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) among physicians, and that the disorder is often misdiagnosed. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). […] People with IH often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time, blaming themselves and struggling to maintain work, studies and relationships. […] To better determine physicians understanding of the sleep disorder, the Hypersomnia Foundation and Jazz Pharmaceuticals conducted a survey of 305 health care providers, measuring their perceptions and knowledge of IH. […] Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance.

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