Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. People with the condition have trouble waking up from sleep. They also may wake up confused and disoriented. Naps typically don’t lead to feeling refreshed. […] The condition often develops slowly over time. Diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia requires ruling out more common sleep conditions. Treatment aims to control symptoms with medicine. […] The main symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia is being very sleepy during the day. Symptoms begin slowly over several weeks or months and may include: Having a strong need to sleep. Not being able to stay awake and alert during the day. Sleeping more than 11 hours at night. Having trouble waking up in the morning. Being confused, moving slowly and having trouble with coordination after waking up. Feeling anxiety after waking up.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Common symptoms include: […] EDS — Excessive daytime sleepiness […] Needed naps — […] Usually long (more than 1 hour) […] Usually unrefreshing (non-restorative) and may make people feel even worse […] May be hard or impossible to avoid […] Brain fog — Feeling mentally sluggish or fuzzy, confused, forgetful, or unable to focus […] Long sleep — Needing at least 11 hours of sleep per 24-hour period (including naps) or more than 9 hours at night (or whenever you sleep the longest) […] Severe sleep inertia (or sleep drunkenness) — […] Difficult to wake — may need multiple loud alarms or to have a supporter help with waking […] Struggling to wake up fully, often with an overwhelming desire to go back to sleep […] Feeling disoriented, confused, or irritable […] Having poor coordination

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  This article includes discussion of idiopathic hypersomnia, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty awakening (sleep inertia) from the primary sleep period and naps, neurocognitive dysfunction, and an undisturbed primary sleep period that is often of prolonged duration, without cataplexy or known cause of excessive sleepiness. […] The main symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia is an irresistible urge to sleep despite adequate, or even excessive, nocturnal sleep, which lasts at least 3 months. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia can be associated with symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysregulation (orthostatic hypotension, syncope, headache, and Raynaud-type phenomena) and with significant sleep inertia (aka sleep drunkenness). […] Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia typically have prolonged (10+ hours) episodes of relatively undisturbed nocturnal sleep with high sleep efficiency ( 85%).

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia may need to set several loud alarms to wake up in the morning. […] Rarely, idiopathic hypersomnia can cause someone to fall asleep suddenly during the day. […] Some people with idiopathic hypersomnia may experience automatic behavior when they are very sleepy. This can include staring, or they may drive without purpose and later realize that they are miles from home. Automatic behavior also may include writing or saying things that don’t make sense. Afterward, people with idiopathic hypersomnia don’t remember the behavior.

• #1 Hypersomnia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21591-hypersomnia

  Hypersomnia can cause lots of symptoms that can disrupt your daily routine. […] Symptoms of hypersomnia can include: Anxiety, irritability, Constant or repeated episodes of extreme sleepiness during the day, Decreased energy, Difficulty waking up in the morning or after daytime naps (sleep drunkenness), Feeling confused or angry when waking up, Hallucinations, Headaches, Loss of appetite, Memory problems, Restlessness, Sleep paralysis, Sleeping much longer than usual (11 hours or more) but still feeling very sleepy and having trouble staying awake during the day, Daytime naps not making you feel more alert or rested, Trouble focusing or concentrating. […] There isnt currently a cure for hypersomnia. Your provider will help you reduce how much it impacts your day-to-day routine. Some people with hypersomnia experience it less often once they find the right combination of treatments.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  These symptoms may make daytime functioning extremely difficult. Symptoms usually affect you a few times a week (or daily) for at least three months, after which a healthcare provider will make a diagnosis. In some cases, you may have symptoms for years before being correctly diagnosed. […] If you’re always tired, you likely can’t do things to the best of your ability. The following may be challenging for you: Functioning as expected during daytime hours (completing your daily routine, staying focused on a task, etc.), Maintaining relationships with loved ones, Meeting obligations at work, school or in your personal time, Balancing your mental health and emotional well-being. […] It’s easy to feel frustrated living with idiopathic hypersomnia. You consistently get hours of sleep each night but still feel tired during the daytime. This can make completing your daily routine, even getting to school or work on time, extremely challenging. […] Your provider may recommend medications to help you feel more awake during the daytime. You might need to try different medications or doses to find what works best for your needs. Your provider will schedule regular appointments to monitor how treatment affects you.

• #1 Subjective symptoms in idiopathic hypersomnia: beyond excessive sleepiness – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20408941/

  Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia never feel fully alert despite a normal or long sleep night. The spectrum of the symptoms is insufficiently studied. […] Three-quarters of the patients did not feel refreshed after short naps. During the daytime, their alertness was modulated by the same external conditions as controls, but they felt more sedated in darkness, in a quiet environment, when listening to music or conversation. Being hyperactive helped them more than controls to resist sleepiness. They were more frequently evening-type and more alert in the evening than in the morning. The patients were able to focus only for 1 h (versus 4 h in the controls). They complained of attention and memory deficit. Half of them had problems regulating their body temperature and were near-sighted. Mental fatigability, dependence on other people for awakening them, and a reduced benefit from usually alerting conditions (except being hyperactive or stressed) seem to be more specific of the daily problems of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia than daytime sleepiness.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Doing tasks without realizing it […] May last for a few hours after waking up […] Unrefreshing sleep (or non-restorative sleep) — Waking up feeling like you haven’t slept […] Sleep attacks — Episodes when you fall asleep in places or at times you don’t want to […] Fatigue — […] A lack of physical or mental energy […] Feeling tired or exhausted […] You don’t need to have all of these symptoms to be diagnosed with IH, but you’ll have at least some of them. […] Symptoms most often start in a person’s mid-to-late teens or early twenties. However, they can start at any age. They may start suddenly or develop over time. […] Symptoms may: […] Happen every day, or a few days a week […] Get worse or better over hours, weeks, months, or years […] If you have IH, you may have times when you can function (do daily activities such as work or school) well or well enough, and other times when you don’t function well at all. Even if you function well at times, your symptoms should be taken seriously.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Although sleepiness is the hallmark of IH, symptoms of this condition are not limited to excessive daytime sleepiness and are frequently persistent despite treatment. […] Compared to narcolepsy, individuals with IH were more likely to have prolonged and unrefreshing daytime naps and have a family history of sleepiness. […] Most patients with IH remain stable; approximately 1 in 10 experience spontaneous improvement, which is more common than narcolepsy. […] Daytime naps longer than an hour have been linked to a higher rate of stroke and hypertension after adjusting for risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  It’s hard to know how many people have IH. Some researchers have estimated 1 in every 50,000 people have IH. Other researchers have estimated 1 in every 3,000 people have IH. […] A few studies of people with IH have reported that the likelihood of IH going away on its own (the remission rate) is 10% to 33% (1 to 3 in every 10 people). However, because the cause of IH isn’t known and diagnosis can be unclear, some or all people whose IH went away might just have been initially misdiagnosed with IH. They may have actually had other conditions that were causing their excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Having IH can greatly affect daily life: […] Waking up is usually very hard, especially for people who have IH with long sleep. They often need multiple alarms and morning rituals to wake up for school or work.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  The amount and timing of needed sleep can limit daily activities. […] IH can cause problems with thinking, working, and socializing. People with IH may have trouble doing their jobs, staying in school, having romantic relationships, and fully engaging with their friends and loved ones. […] These effects are especially true for people who aren’t taking medicines that work well. But even with medicines, people who have IH may struggle with these activities. […] Doctors will usually: […] Ask about your symptoms and medical history, sometimes using questionnaires […] Confirm from your history that you’ve had daily EDS for at least 3 months […] Do a complete physical exam and medical tests, including sleep studies, to make sure your EDS isn’t caused by something else […] Common causes of EDS other than IH include:

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Prescribed medicines causing sleepiness as a side effect […] Insufficient sleep, when you regularly don’t get enough good-quality sleep because of work or social reasons […] Problems with sleep rhythms (circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders), such as delayed sleep phase syndrome […] Another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy type 2 […] Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or fibromyalgia […] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder […] Testing for hypersomnia sleep disorders almost always includes a 2-part sleep study: […] An overnight sleep study measures several features of sleep and helps rule out other sleep problems such as sleep apnea. […] A daytime nap study called a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measures how long it takes you to fall asleep during 4 or 5 nap opportunities (chances to nap). The MSLT also shows if you have REM sleep within 15 minutes of falling asleep during a nap. Doctors will usually diagnose you with IH if:

• #1 Compare symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/classification/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 have some similar and overlapping symptoms. For example, all of these disorders cause excessive daytime sleepiness and brain fog. Other symptoms are more common or less common in people who have these disorders. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) — A strong daytime sleepiness or need to sleep during the day, even with enough sleep the night before. […] Brain fog — Feeling mentally sluggish or fuzzy, confused, forgetful, or unable to focus. […] Long sleep — Needing at least 11 hours of sleep per 24-hour period (including naps) or more than 9 hours at night (or whenever you sleep the longest). […] Severe sleep inertia (or sleep drunkenness) — Difficult to wake — may need multiple loud alarms or to have a supporter help with waking.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  One key point is that IH differs from narcolepsy in several ways. People with IH are more likely to take long, unrefreshing daytime naps, report a family history of sleepiness, and on conducting sleep tests, show increased levels of slow-wave sleep and a longer sleep latency. […] Most people with Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) usually maintain a stable condition. Interestingly, spontaneous improvement is more common in IH than in Narcolepsy. A recent research conducted in Japan observed that people with IH who are older than 35 tended to have a higher rate of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

• #1

  https://www.xywavhcp.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis/

  IH is different from other sleep disorders that also cause EDS, such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea. […] For a diagnosis of IH, the following must be met: EDS daily for 3 months; Cataplexy is NOT present; PSG and MSLT findings are not consistent with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type I or 2; Insufficient sleep syndrome is ruled out; At least one of the following: MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes; Total 24-hour sleep time is 660 minutes (typically 12-14 hours) on 24-hour PSG monitoring. […] Additional supportive clinical features include severe and prolonged sleep inertia and long, unrefreshing naps (1 hour). […] Unlike stimulants and wake-promoting agents that are taken during the day, XYWAV is taken at night to help treat multiple symptoms of IH during the day, such as EDS, sleep inertia, prolonged sleep duration, and cognitive impairment.

• #1 Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia) | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/conditions-and-treatments/brain-spine-and-nervous-system/central-disorders-of-hypersomnolence

  Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) often describe excessive daytime sleepiness, prolonged sleep duration (more than 10-11 hours of sleep nightly), and severe difficulty waking up in the morning (sleep inertia). […] Another common symptom of IH is brain fog, a feeling of cognitive clouding during the day. […] The MSLT is a very good test for narcolepsy, but it is less sensitive for idiopathic hypersomnia. As a result, patients with clinical symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia who report regularly prolonged sleep duration (average sleep duration more than 11 hours/night) may instead be referred for an extended or unrestricted sleep study. […] There is currently no cure for narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia. Treatments are directed at alleviating symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.

• #1 Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Sleep Review

  https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-disorders/hypersomnias/idiopathic-hypersomnia/differential-diagnosis-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  The differential diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia is challenging for several reasons. Its hallmark symptom, excessive daytime sleepiness, is a common symptom of many disorders, and its ancillary symptoms also overlap with other disorders. A lack of validated biomarkers adds to the challenge. […] Assessing for key symptoms and medical history is a first step to help identify patients presenting with excessive daytime sleepiness who may have idiopathic hypersomnia. From there, there are several symptoms that can differentiate the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia from other disorders such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy. These include: […] Sleep inertia: sleep inertia is common in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia but can also be reported by individuals with mood disorders. […] Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia often find naps to be long and unrefreshing, while patients with narcolepsy generally find short naps to be restorative. […] Cognitive complaints, often described as brain fog are common symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia but also can occur in patients with various sleep-wake disorders (including narcolepsy type 1 and insufficient sleep syndrome).

• #1 Examining Clinical Considerations for Diagnosis, Management of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/examining-clinical-considerations-for-diagnosis-management-of-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), a common symptom present in 15% to 33% of the general population. EDS is a core diagnostic feature of IH, but its prevalence in other more commonly known sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, has contributed to misdiagnosis and years of inadequate management for patients with IH. […] Diagnosis of IH is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features. However, due to its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders, IH may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose, noted researchers. […] A major barrier to IH management is the lack of knowledge regarding its pathophysiology. There remain no known consistent abnormalities in the key wakefulness-promoting or sleep-wake circuit neurotransmitters.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The prevalence of idiopathic hypersomnia in the general population is unknown, in part because laboratory-based polysomnography and other assessments that would be necessary to rule out other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness have not been feasible in large numbers of unselected, representative subjects from the community. In practice, no specific biomarker exists for idiopathic hypersomnia, which can sometimes remain not well distinguished from „mild” forms of sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy type 2, or insufficient sleep. […] Based largely on sleep center referrals or large insurance claims databases, idiopathic hypersomnia appears to be significantly less common than narcolepsy, with a prevalence of approximately 20 to 100 cases per million people. One study estimated a much higher prevalence of probable idiopathic hypersomnia (1.5 percent) based on nocturnal polysomnograms and multiple sleep latency tests in a population-based sample of working adults in the Wisconsin Sleep Study. However, study subjects could not be well evaluated for other causes of excessive sleepiness, particularly chronic sleep deprivation, depression, and anxiety, and therefore the result may overestimate the true prevalence. Some but not all reports have suggested females are affected more commonly than males.

• #1 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The presence of sleep drunkenness has been reported in up to 79% of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is usually a chronic, persistent disorder. […] However, several longitudinal studies looking out beyond a decade from symptom identification have suggested that spontaneous symptom remission rates of anywhere from 17% to 40% are to be expected. […] The complications of idiopathic hypersomnia are mostly related to impairment in daytime functioning due to the excessive sleepiness with significant impact on social, professional, and employment-related activities.

• #1 Idiopathic Hypersomnia causes more than just sleepiness

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/idiopathic-hypersomnia-causes-more-than-just-sleepiness

  This study highlights the association of idiopathic hypersomnia with impairments in daily functioning, social aspects, cognition, affect, and work productivity. An important point is that these impairments were observed despite most participants (89.3%) taking off-label medications to treat idiopathic hypersomnia, primarily stimulants, wake-promoting agents, and antidepressants. […] These findings add much-needed clarity to the experience of people with idiopathic hypersomnia regarding the multiple aspects of this disorder on daily life, and demonstrate a symptom burden that extends far beyond just excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Multiple studies have shown that people with idiopathic hypersomnia are impaired on most, or all, health-related QoL (quality of life) domains of the SF-36 (role physical, role emotional, general health perception, vitality, social functioning, mental health, physical function, and bodily pain) compared with national norms even when the majority are treated with wake-promoting agents. Individuals with idiopathic hypersomnia also report significantly worse health-related QoL than healthy controls on the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level index and the EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale. One study has even reported that people with idiopathic hypersomnia scored significantly lower than people with narcolepsy (type 1, type 2, or either type) on most domains of the Veterans RAND 36-item Health Survey, including the social functioning domain.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a long-lasting (chronic) sleep disorder of the brain (neurologic disorder). Idiopathic means doctors don’t know what causes it. […] IH: […] Affects the brain’s ability to control sleep and wakefulness […] Causes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) — a strong daytime sleepiness or need to sleep during the day, even with enough sleep the night before […] People who have IH may spend most of their day either sleeping or thinking about, craving, or even fighting the urge to sleep, which can severely impact their quality of life. […] The main symptom of IH is EDS that lasts for at least 3 months. Sleep patterns may also change. People who have IH may often need 1 or more long naps (of 1 hour or more) a day, and their sleep is often unrefreshing. They may also need to sleep several hours more than the average person.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000803.htm

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy (hypersomnia) during the day and has great difficulty being awakened from sleep. Idiopathic means there is not a clear cause. […] Symptoms often develop slowly during the teens or young adulthood. They include: Daytime naps that do not relieve drowsiness, Difficulty waking from a long sleep — may feel confused or disoriented (’sleep drunkenness’), Increased need for sleep during the day — even while at work, or during a meal or conversation, Increased sleep time — up to 14 to 18 hours a day. […] Other symptoms may include: Anxiety, Feeling irritated, Loss of appetite, Low energy, Restlessness, Slow thinking or speech, Trouble remembering.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Despite prolonged nocturnal sleep periods, most patients with idiopathic hypersomnia have excessive daytime sleepiness and take daily naps that last more than an hour and are seldom refreshing. […] When waking from sleep, the majority of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia have a feeling of sleep drunkenness (or sleep inertia) and may even have automatic behaviors that they are amnestic to. […] The onset of idiopathic hypersomnia is often insidious and occurs in the second decade of life with a key feature of near constant daytime sleepiness and reports that the patient almost never feels alert. […] Night sleep in idiopathic hypersomnia is typically long and consists of an average of 10 hours or more (up to 19 hours). […] Awakening is often difficult, even with the use of sophisticated alarm clocks, and patients may describe morning disorientation in time and space, slowing of thought and speech, and inappropriate automatic behaviors lasting from several minutes to an hour or more, which is a state referred to as sleep drunkenness.

• #2 Compare symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/classification/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 have some similar and overlapping symptoms. For example, all of these disorders cause excessive daytime sleepiness and brain fog. Other symptoms are more common or less common in people who have these disorders. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) — A strong daytime sleepiness or need to sleep during the day, even with enough sleep the night before. […] Brain fog — Feeling mentally sluggish or fuzzy, confused, forgetful, or unable to focus. […] Long sleep — Needing at least 11 hours of sleep per 24-hour period (including naps) or more than 9 hours at night (or whenever you sleep the longest). […] Severe sleep inertia (or sleep drunkenness) — Difficult to wake — may need multiple loud alarms or to have a supporter help with waking.

• #2 Compare symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/classification/

  Struggling to wake up fully, often with an overwhelming desire to go back to sleep. […] Feeling disoriented, confused, or irritable. […] Having poor coordination. […] Doing tasks without realizing it. […] May last for a few hours after waking up. […] Needed naps — May be hard or impossible to avoid. […] In IH, usually long (more than 1 hour), unrefreshing (non-restorative), and may make people feel even worse. […] In NT2, usually short and somewhat refreshing (restorative). […] In NT1, usually short and refreshing. […] Sleep-related hallucinations (or waking dreams) — Seeing, hearing, feeling, or smelling something that isn’t actually there while you’re falling asleep or waking up. […] Sleep paralysis — Inability to move or speak, which happens while falling asleep or waking up and lasts for a few seconds to minutes.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20313613/

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia may need to set several loud alarms to wake up in the morning. […] Rarely, idiopathic hypersomnia can cause someone to fall asleep suddenly during the day. […] Some people with idiopathic hypersomnia may experience automatic behavior when they are very sleepy. This can include staring, or they may drive without purpose and later realize that they are miles from home. Automatic behavior also may include writing or saying things that dont make sense. Afterward, people with idiopathic hypersomnia dont remember the behavior.

• #2 Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia) | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/conditions-and-treatments/brain-spine-and-nervous-system/central-disorders-of-hypersomnolence

  Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) often describe excessive daytime sleepiness, prolonged sleep duration (more than 10-11 hours of sleep nightly), and severe difficulty waking up in the morning (sleep inertia). […] Another common symptom of IH is brain fog, a feeling of cognitive clouding during the day. […] The MSLT is a very good test for narcolepsy, but it is less sensitive for idiopathic hypersomnia. As a result, patients with clinical symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia who report regularly prolonged sleep duration (average sleep duration more than 11 hours/night) may instead be referred for an extended or unrestricted sleep study. […] There is currently no cure for narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia. Treatments are directed at alleviating symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  The amount and timing of needed sleep can limit daily activities. […] IH can cause problems with thinking, working, and socializing. People with IH may have trouble doing their jobs, staying in school, having romantic relationships, and fully engaging with their friends and loved ones. […] These effects are especially true for people who aren’t taking medicines that work well. But even with medicines, people who have IH may struggle with these activities. […] Doctors will usually: […] Ask about your symptoms and medical history, sometimes using questionnaires […] Confirm from your history that you’ve had daily EDS for at least 3 months […] Do a complete physical exam and medical tests, including sleep studies, to make sure your EDS isn’t caused by something else […] Common causes of EDS other than IH include:

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Symptoms, Cause, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a chronic sleep-wake disorder characterized by persistent patterns of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) even after a full nights sleep. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness despite getting enough quality sleep at night is the classic symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia, but other symptoms can include: daytime naps that arent refreshing, long-duration nighttime sleeping (typically 9 hours or longer), sleep inertia, the experience of disorientation, confusion, memory impairment, poor coordination upon waking up, hyperactivity, like excessive talking, as a way to maintain alertness, sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations, headaches, loss of balance, difficulty regulating body temperature. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia typically develops during adolescence and early adulthood, with symptoms fluctuating in severity throughout life.

• #2 Hypersomnolence: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318677

  Hypersomnolence, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can occur even after a person has 7 hours or more of quality sleep. […] The symptoms of hypersomnolence usually begin when people are 17 to 24 years old. According to an article in the journal Psychosomatics, the average age of onset is 21.8 years. […] Symptoms of hypersomnolence include struggling to wake up, falling asleep at random times, and constantly feeling tired. […] The primary symptom of hypersomnolence is excessive sleepiness, even though a person is getting 7 hours of sleep a night. Other symptoms include: falling asleep several times during the day, taking naps to combat the sleepiness but not waking up refreshed, sleeping more than 9 hours but not feeling rested, having difficulty waking up from sleep, feeling confused or combative while trying to wake up.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. People with the condition have trouble waking up from sleep. They also may wake up confused and disoriented. Naps typically don’t lead to feeling refreshed. […] The condition often develops slowly over time. Diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia requires ruling out more common sleep conditions. Treatment aims to control symptoms with medicine. […] The main symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia is being very sleepy during the day. Symptoms begin slowly over several weeks or months and may include: Having a strong need to sleep. Not being able to stay awake and alert during the day. Sleeping more than 11 hours at night. Having trouble waking up in the morning. Being confused, moving slowly and having trouble with coordination after waking up. Feeling anxiety after waking up.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Clouding of consciousness characterized by inattention, thought process abnormalities, comprehension abnormalities, and language abnormalities. […] Excessive sleep (9 hours or more over a full 24-hour period), without feeling refreshed after waking. Daytime naps can be up to several hours and are also unrefreshing. […] After onset, hypersomnia often worsens over several years, but it is often stable by the time of diagnosis and appears to be a lifelong condition. Spontaneous remission is only seen in 10-15% of patients.

• #2 What is idiopathic hypersomnia (IH)? – SleepHub

  https://sleephub.com.au/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Many people with IH sleep more than 10 hours out of every 24. The disorder is chronic, and the symptoms can be relentless. If an effective medication to control symptoms cannot be found, it can be extremely difficult for people with IH to hold down jobs, remain in school, maintain marriages, and fully engage with their family and friends. […] Although they can begin in childhood, symptoms of IH often first appear in the mid-to-late teens or early twenties. Symptom intensity usually vary and can worsen just before women’s menses. Symptoms may spontaneously improve in 10-15% of patients.

• #2 Hypersomnia: Signs and Symptoms | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/hypersomnia-symptoms

  Hypersomnia can cause you to feel very sleepy during the day. You might even fall asleep at inopportune times. […] With hypersomnia, you feel sleepy even when you have had enough sleep or long hours of sleep. […] Hypersomnia is a chronic sleep disorder. This means that you may have recurring symptoms of varying intensity over a long period. […] Hypersomnia is sometimes used interchangeably with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and is defined as an inability to stay awake, or to stay alert, during typical daytime hours. You may feel an uncontrollable need to sleep, or you may lapse into sleep or drowsiness unexpectedly. […] Many people who live with excessive daytime sleepiness find that it interferes with their daily functioning. Drowsiness or falling asleep at inopportune times can lead to challenges in your social, work, or home life.

• #2 Will Idiopathic Hypersomnia Ever Go Away?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/daytime-sleepiness/does-idiopathic-hypersomnia-ever-go-away

  Theres no cure for this condition that causes excessive daytime sleepiness. But treatments can help improve symptoms and for some, the condition may go away entirely. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare central nervous system disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness whose cause is unknown. People who have the condition are always sleepy, and some may sleep over 11 hours out of 24. When they awaken from nighttime sleep or a nap, theyre still groggy and often irritable. Sleeping is not refreshing to them. […] An IH diagnosis is made by clinical features and sleep laboratory testing. On long-term follow-up, 17% of people with IH experienced remission of their symptoms. This almost never occurs in those who have narcolepsy. […] In about one fifth of the cases of people who are diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia, the disorder remits or it simply goes away. […] Some people with idiopathic hypersomnia feel well-rested when treated. This, however, is difficult to predict.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia-ih

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) sleep a lot during the day. […] They often also sleep longer than usual at night. […] Waking up is difficult. […] IH is a neurological disorder with the following key signs and symptoms, feeling sleepy during the day and/or taking long naps, sleeping for longer than usual at night (e.g. 12-14 hours or longer), difficulty waking up, problem making the transition from being asleep to being awake (termed sleep inertia or sleep drunkenness), sleep feels unrefreshing and non-restorative. […] People with IH have difficulty with being able to work or study normally because of their symptoms. […] It may also cause depressed feelings. […] It is not safe to drive a car unless the symptoms are under control with medication. […] Many patients have IH for many years without knowing it.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  Prescribed medicines causing sleepiness as a side effect […] Insufficient sleep, when you regularly don’t get enough good-quality sleep because of work or social reasons […] Problems with sleep rhythms (circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders), such as delayed sleep phase syndrome […] Another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy type 2 […] Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or fibromyalgia […] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder […] Testing for hypersomnia sleep disorders almost always includes a 2-part sleep study: […] An overnight sleep study measures several features of sleep and helps rule out other sleep problems such as sleep apnea. […] A daytime nap study called a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) measures how long it takes you to fall asleep during 4 or 5 nap opportunities (chances to nap). The MSLT also shows if you have REM sleep within 15 minutes of falling asleep during a nap. Doctors will usually diagnose you with IH if:

• #2 How Is It Diagnosed?

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/diagnosis-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  If you have idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), a chronic disorder marked by an urgent need to sleep during the day, the extreme sleepiness you often feel doesn’t ease after a full night in bed. […] One problem with diagnosing IH is that the symptoms — mainly, the daytime sleepiness, the sleep that isn’t refreshing, and the difficulty waking (sometimes called sleep drunkenness) — can be similar to ones found in many other disorders, including: […] Your doctor can confirm a diagnosis of IH in several ways, including: […] A proper diagnosis of IH is critical to making sure that you receive the best treatment available.

• #2 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  Many of them get mistaken for having mood disturbance. Of course, some of them go on to develop mood disturbance because theyre sleepy and tired and they cant get things done, so they have problems with their social interaction and workplace performance. Consequently, many of them develop comorbid mood disorders. […] […] I think its because the time of onset tends to be in younger adults, and because the sleep disorder also tends to be in more women than men. These individuals can still function because the brain is awake in the day and they sleep at night, but they have terrible sleep inertia and then theyre fighting sleep during the day. They either may spontaneously doze off or they may be able to do things, but theyre sleepy. Most of the individuals probably dont recognize that they are as severe as they are because they can get by. But, something will eventually happen that tells them, Im sleepier than the rest of the world. Something is going on. […]

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/ih/

  You fall asleep in 8 minutes or less (on average across all nap opportunities), and […] You have no more than 1 episode of REM sleep within 15 minutes of falling asleep (including your overnight sleep study) […] If your 2-part sleep study doesn’t show IH, doctors can still diagnose you with IH if you average 11 hours or more sleep per day. To test this, you’ll usually wear an actigraph and keep a sleep diary for at least 7 days.

• #2 Idiopathic hypersomnia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The prevalence of idiopathic hypersomnia in the general population is unknown, in part because laboratory-based polysomnography and other assessments that would be necessary to rule out other causes of excessive daytime sleepiness have not been feasible in large numbers of unselected, representative subjects from the community. In practice, no specific biomarker exists for idiopathic hypersomnia, which can sometimes remain not well distinguished from „mild” forms of sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy type 2, or insufficient sleep. […] Based largely on sleep center referrals or large insurance claims databases, idiopathic hypersomnia appears to be significantly less common than narcolepsy, with a prevalence of approximately 20 to 100 cases per million people. One study estimated a much higher prevalence of probable idiopathic hypersomnia (1.5 percent) based on nocturnal polysomnograms and multiple sleep latency tests in a population-based sample of working adults in the Wisconsin Sleep Study. However, study subjects could not be well evaluated for other causes of excessive sleepiness, particularly chronic sleep deprivation, depression, and anxiety, and therefore the result may overestimate the true prevalence. Some but not all reports have suggested females are affected more commonly than males.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia, Understanding the Often Overlooked Sleep Disorder | Jazz Pharmaceuticals

  https://www.jazzpharma.com/science_stories/idiopathic-hypersomnia-understanding-often-overlooked-sleep-disorder

  Low levels of awareness may contribute to patients experiencing long delays in receiving an accurate diagnosisup to 10 to 15 years in some cases. Despite the disruptive effects IH can have on nearly every aspect of a patients life, there are currently no U.S. FDA-approved treatments for the condition.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231213/Idiopathic-hypersomnia-may-not-be-as-rare-as-previously-thought.aspx

  Symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia include not only being very sleepy during the day, but also sleeping excessive amounts of time, having difficulty waking up, and waking up disoriented. […] People with the disorder had more severe sleepiness, despite similar or longer sleep times. […] Researchers also looked at daytime sleepiness in people with idiopathic hypersomnia over an average of 12 years. They found for the 10 people for whom data were available, excessive daytime sleepiness was often chronic. However, sleepiness went away for four people, or 40% of those studied. […] „Our results demonstrate that idiopathic hypersomnia is relatively common, more prevalent than generally assumed, so there is likely a sizable difference between the number of people with this disorder and those who seek treatment,” said Plante.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia-ih

  There is no cure, but many people can control the symptoms of IH (at least in part) with medication. […] A medication that increases dopamine and norephinephrine in the wake promoting centres of the brain, Modafanil, will help some people with IH symptoms. […] In most cases, IH persists but it seems that in 10-15% of cases it will resolve by itself.

• #2 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  These symptoms may make daytime functioning extremely difficult. Symptoms usually affect you a few times a week (or daily) for at least three months, after which a healthcare provider will make a diagnosis. In some cases, you may have symptoms for years before being correctly diagnosed. […] If you’re always tired, you likely can’t do things to the best of your ability. The following may be challenging for you: Functioning as expected during daytime hours (completing your daily routine, staying focused on a task, etc.), Maintaining relationships with loved ones, Meeting obligations at work, school or in your personal time, Balancing your mental health and emotional well-being. […] It’s easy to feel frustrated living with idiopathic hypersomnia. You consistently get hours of sleep each night but still feel tired during the daytime. This can make completing your daily routine, even getting to school or work on time, extremely challenging. […] Your provider may recommend medications to help you feel more awake during the daytime. You might need to try different medications or doses to find what works best for your needs. Your provider will schedule regular appointments to monitor how treatment affects you.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/idiopathic-hypersomnia.html

  Excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia sleep a reasonable amount at night (at least six hours) but have difficulty waking up and always feel tired and sleepy. In addition to excessive daytime sleepiness, people with idiopathic hypersomnia may: […] Display sleep drunkenness, such as extreme sleep inertia, difficulties waking up with alarm clocks and feeling groggy for long period of times. […] Diagnosing hypersomnia is challenging. Much of the diagnosis process involves ruling out other conditions. We will consider a hypersomnia diagnosis if: […] You have had symptoms of hypersomnia for at least three months. […] The symptoms are severely affecting your daily functioning. […] Treatment for hypersomnia is highly personalized, tailored to your specific needs and the severity of your condition.

• #3

  https://www.xywavhcp.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis/

  Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is a unique, 24hour sleep disorder with multiple symptoms. It’s a debilitating, rare, and distinct chronic neurological sleep disorder with multiple key symptoms. People with IH still experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) during the day despite sleeping a normal or longer than normal amount of time each night. […] People living with IH may experience multiple symptoms that start in the morning and persist throughout the day and night, including: […] Profound sleep inertia is characterized by severe grogginess, confusion, disorientation, or irritability when waking up. Sleep inertia has been reported in 36-66% of patients with IH. […] EDS (or unremitting hypersomnolence) is a symptom of IH and is experienced daily for 3 months. […] Patients may have cognitive impairment, i.e., „brain fog”, and may have difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly throughout the day. […] Many patients fight the urge to nap despite sleepiness because they do not consider them to be refreshing. […] Patients with IH may sleep 11 hours a day but still not feel restored or refreshed.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia may need to set several loud alarms to wake up in the morning. […] Rarely, idiopathic hypersomnia can cause someone to fall asleep suddenly during the day. […] Some people with idiopathic hypersomnia may experience automatic behavior when they are very sleepy. This can include staring, or they may drive without purpose and later realize that they are miles from home. Automatic behavior also may include writing or saying things that don’t make sense. Afterward, people with idiopathic hypersomnia don’t remember the behavior.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. […] The main symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia is being very sleepy during the day. Symptoms begin slowly over several weeks or months and may include: Having a strong need to sleep. Not being able to stay awake and alert during the day. Sleeping more than 11 hours at night. Having trouble waking up in the morning. Being confused, moving slowly and having trouble with coordination after waking up. Feeling anxiety after waking up. […] People with idiopathic hypersomnia may need to set several loud alarms to wake up in the morning. […] Rarely, idiopathic hypersomnia can cause someone to fall asleep suddenly during the day. […] Some people with idiopathic hypersomnia may experience automatic behavior when they are very sleepy. This can include staring, or they may drive without purpose and later realize that they are miles from home. Automatic behavior also may include writing or saying things that don’t make sense. Afterward, people with idiopathic hypersomnia don’t remember the behavior. […] The condition often develops slowly over time. Diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia requires ruling out more common sleep conditions. Treatment aims to control symptoms with medicine.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia

  Clouding of consciousness characterized by inattention, thought process abnormalities, comprehension abnormalities, and language abnormalities. […] Excessive sleep (9 hours or more over a full 24-hour period), without feeling refreshed after waking. Daytime naps can be up to several hours and are also unrefreshing. […] After onset, hypersomnia often worsens over several years, but it is often stable by the time of diagnosis and appears to be a lifelong condition. Spontaneous remission is only seen in 10-15% of patients.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20362332

  Idiopathic hypersomnia is a condition that causes people to be very sleepy during the day even after a full night of sleep. People with the condition have trouble waking up from sleep. They also may wake up confused and disoriented. Naps typically don’t lead to feeling refreshed. […] The condition often develops slowly over time. Diagnosing idiopathic hypersomnia requires ruling out more common sleep conditions. Treatment aims to control symptoms with medicine. […] The main symptom of idiopathic hypersomnia is being very sleepy during the day. Symptoms begin slowly over several weeks or months and may include: Having a strong need to sleep. Not being able to stay awake and alert during the day. Sleeping more than 11 hours at night. Having trouble waking up in the morning. Being confused, moving slowly and having trouble with coordination after waking up. Feeling anxiety after waking up.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Symptoms | Hypersomnolence Australia

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/symptoms

  Cognitive dysfunction (commonly referred to as brain fog): problems with memory, concentration and attention, and automatic behaviour. […] Many people with IH regularly sleep more than 10-11 hours out of every 24. Despite good-quality sleep, it is not refreshing. Sleep is generally deep, and waking up can be extremely difficult. Sleep inertia, which is extreme difficulty awakening from sleep, can be so severe in people with IH that they sleep through multiple loud alarms and may even fall back to sleep several times. They often require humans to wake them and make sure they stay awake. Sleep drunkenness is typically experienced with sleep inertia. Sleep drunkenness consists of confusion, disorientation, poor motor coordination, and slowness. People with sleep drunkenness may say irrational or unintentional things. Their speech may be slow or slurred. They may be clumsy, e.g., drop things, walk into doorways, or bounce off walls. Some people report sleep drunkenness lasting as much as 4 hours or more and that it can sometimes be more problematic than the chronic daytime sleepiness in IH. Those that experience sleep inertia or sleep drunkenness usually experience it every time they wake up, i.e., in the morning and when waking up from naps. People with IH commonly say that they never feel fully awake and that they struggle with a constant mental fogginess that can make carrying out even basic tasks difficult.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Despite prolonged nocturnal sleep periods, most patients with idiopathic hypersomnia have excessive daytime sleepiness and take daily naps that last more than an hour and are seldom refreshing. […] When waking from sleep, the majority of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia have a feeling of sleep drunkenness (or sleep inertia) and may even have automatic behaviors that they are amnestic to. […] The onset of idiopathic hypersomnia is often insidious and occurs in the second decade of life with a key feature of near constant daytime sleepiness and reports that the patient almost never feels alert. […] Night sleep in idiopathic hypersomnia is typically long and consists of an average of 10 hours or more (up to 19 hours). […] Awakening is often difficult, even with the use of sophisticated alarm clocks, and patients may describe morning disorientation in time and space, slowing of thought and speech, and inappropriate automatic behaviors lasting from several minutes to an hour or more, which is a state referred to as sleep drunkenness.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, uncontrollable need to sleep with long unrefreshing naps, and difficulty waking up from sleep in most instances despite average or longer amounts of nocturnal sleep for at least three months. […] The usual presentation is chronic and disabling excessive daytime sleepiness in an adolescent or young adult, with the majority complaining of „sleep drunkenness” as difficulty waking up from sleep with transient confusion upon awakening. […] Patients commonly endorse symptoms of long daytime naps (1 hour) which are typically non-refreshing but sleep attacks are not frequently reported.

• #3 What is Idiopathic Hypersomnia? – Lone Star Neurology

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/what-is-idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Despite sleeping for extended periods, individuals often describe their sleep as unrefreshing. Theyre feeling tired and groggy upon waking. This phenomenon is known as sleep inertia. […] As an idiopathic hypersomnia symptom, people experience significant challenges waking up in the morning. They often need multiple alarms. And they feel disoriented and confused for extended periods after waking. […] Napping can bring relief in other sleep conditions. However, it doesnt provide significant improvement in alertness or energy levels when IH. […] Individuals experience problems with memory, attention, concentration, and thinking clearly. This idiopathic hypersomnia symptom occurs due to excessive sleepiness. […] Irritability, anxiety, and depression are commonly reported by people with IH. Theyre likely due to the impact the condition has on daily life and well-being.

• #3 Hypersomnia: Signs and Symptoms | Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/hypersomnia-symptoms

  Hypersomnia can cause you to feel very sleepy during the day. You might even fall asleep at inopportune times. […] With hypersomnia, you feel sleepy even when you have had enough sleep or long hours of sleep. […] Hypersomnia is a chronic sleep disorder. This means that you may have recurring symptoms of varying intensity over a long period. […] Hypersomnia is sometimes used interchangeably with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and is defined as an inability to stay awake, or to stay alert, during typical daytime hours. You may feel an uncontrollable need to sleep, or you may lapse into sleep or drowsiness unexpectedly. […] Many people who live with excessive daytime sleepiness find that it interferes with their daily functioning. Drowsiness or falling asleep at inopportune times can lead to challenges in your social, work, or home life.

• #3 Subjective symptoms in idiopathic hypersomnia: beyond excessive sleepiness – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20408941/

  Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia never feel fully alert despite a normal or long sleep night. The spectrum of the symptoms is insufficiently studied. […] Three-quarters of the patients did not feel refreshed after short naps. During the daytime, their alertness was modulated by the same external conditions as controls, but they felt more sedated in darkness, in a quiet environment, when listening to music or conversation. Being hyperactive helped them more than controls to resist sleepiness. They were more frequently evening-type and more alert in the evening than in the morning. The patients were able to focus only for 1 h (versus 4 h in the controls). They complained of attention and memory deficit. Half of them had problems regulating their body temperature and were near-sighted. Mental fatigability, dependence on other people for awakening them, and a reduced benefit from usually alerting conditions (except being hyperactive or stressed) seem to be more specific of the daily problems of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia than daytime sleepiness.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia causes more than just sleepiness

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/idiopathic-hypersomnia-causes-more-than-just-sleepiness

  The main symptom of Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) is an overwhelming need for excessive sleep. Despite adequate and often extraordinary amounts of good quality sleep (e.g., 10-11 hours or more per night), people with IH are in an almost constant state of sleepiness. But IH is much more than that. IH can cause a range of debilitating symptoms. […] IH affects cognitive function: including problems with memory, concentration and attention. […] People with IH can experience extreme and prolonged difficulty waking up with an uncontrollable desire to go back to sleep. Accompanied by confusion, irritability and poor coordination. Speech may also be slow or slurred. […] People with IH may also experience headaches, and problems with autonomic dysfunction, eg: dizziness on standing, and temperature regulation.

• #3 Primary Hypersomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291699-overview

  Typically starting between the ages of 15 and 30 years, hypersomnolence, when untreated, presents a chronic course. Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a lifelong disorder, although a few studies have reported up to 25% of patients with IH demonstrate spontaneous improvement in excessive daytime somnolence; however, most patients show no tendency toward spontaneous remission. Such seemingly conflicting data findings raises the question of diagnostic accuracy. […] Hypersomnia consequences are mostly social and professional in nature, with a psychosocial burden similar to narcolepsy. Daytime sleepiness can lead to depression. Of note, in children, daytime sleepiness can present as hyperactivity.

• #3 What is idiopathic hypersomnia (IH)? – SleepHub

  https://sleephub.com.au/idiopathic-hypersomnia/

  Many people with IH sleep more than 10 hours out of every 24. The disorder is chronic, and the symptoms can be relentless. If an effective medication to control symptoms cannot be found, it can be extremely difficult for people with IH to hold down jobs, remain in school, maintain marriages, and fully engage with their family and friends. […] Although they can begin in childhood, symptoms of IH often first appear in the mid-to-late teens or early twenties. Symptom intensity usually vary and can worsen just before women’s menses. Symptoms may spontaneously improve in 10-15% of patients.

• #3 What is Idiopathic Hypersomnia?

  https://info.ancsleep.com/blog/what-is-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia can sleep more than 11 hours out of every 24 hours. The disorder is chronic, and the symptoms can be unrelenting. And there is no medication that can directly control the symptoms. This makes it difficult for them to hold down jobs, remain in school, maintain marriages or relationships, and engage socially with individuals in their community. Even with medication, patients may still struggle with these activities daily. […] Symptoms can appear in the mid to late teens or early 20s. Symptom intensity often varies, and can worsen just prior to menses in women. Symptoms may spontaneously go away in 10 to 15% of patients. […] Sleep is normally described as deep. Arousal from sleep is usually extremely difficult in regular people, but this period of sleep lasts for about 45-90 minutes. In those who have idiopathic hypersomnia, they are in this stage of sleep for much longer than the average person. This is why they are always difficult to arouse, whereas a person without idiopathic hypersomnia can be aroused in pretty much every other sleep stage. This means that individuals have to use several alarm clocks to wake themselves up from sleep, and have to participate in intense morning rituals that ensure the person is awake for work or school. […] Another hypersomnia disorder, narcolepsy, can often be cured by taking naps. This is because those individuals feel refreshed after a nap. However those with idiopathic hypersomnia never feel refreshed after taking a nap.

• #3 Orphanet: Idiopathic hypersomnia

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/33208

  A rare neurologic disease characterized by an excessive daytime sleepiness with long and unrefreshing naps, and/or prolonged and undisturbed nocturnal sleep, impaired daytime alertness, and/or sleep inertia (ie, great difficulty in waking up after sleep) and where other causes have been excluded. […] Symptoms frequently start during adolescence or young adulthood, but may occur at any age. Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time is characterized by a prolonged (more than 10 hours) nocturnal sleep of good quality, and / or excessive daytime sleepiness with prolonged unrefreshing sleep episodes, and sometimes difficulty in awakening in the morning or after naps, with sleep inertia or drunkenness. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is never associated with cataplexy (which would lead to a suspicion of narcolepsy type 1). […] The disease has a negative social and professional impact. Spontaneous evolution of the disease is variable and may remain stable, resolve or evolve to narcolepsy type 2.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/idiopathic-hypersomnia

  The presence of sleep drunkenness has been reported in up to 79% of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is usually a chronic, persistent disorder. […] However, several longitudinal studies looking out beyond a decade from symptom identification have suggested that spontaneous symptom remission rates of anywhere from 17% to 40% are to be expected. […] The complications of idiopathic hypersomnia are mostly related to impairment in daytime functioning due to the excessive sleepiness with significant impact on social, professional, and employment-related activities.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia-ih

  People with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) sleep a lot during the day. […] They often also sleep longer than usual at night. […] Waking up is difficult. […] IH is a neurological disorder with the following key signs and symptoms, feeling sleepy during the day and/or taking long naps, sleeping for longer than usual at night (e.g. 12-14 hours or longer), difficulty waking up, problem making the transition from being asleep to being awake (termed sleep inertia or sleep drunkenness), sleep feels unrefreshing and non-restorative. […] People with IH have difficulty with being able to work or study normally because of their symptoms. […] It may also cause depressed feelings. […] It is not safe to drive a car unless the symptoms are under control with medication. […] Many patients have IH for many years without knowing it.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia Symptoms | Hypersomnolence Australia

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/symptoms

  Symptoms frequently appear in the mid-to-late teens or early twenties. IH is a chronic disorder with limited treatment options. Medications do not treat the cause, are often not very effective, and can cause intolerable side effects. Even with medication, people with IH may struggle with ordinary day-to-day activities. […] Unlike in other sleep disorders, the sleep in people with Idiopathic Hypersomnia is normal; there are no disturbances that can account for these symptoms.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia causes more than just sleepiness

  https://www.hypersomnolenceaustralia.org.au/single-post/idiopathic-hypersomnia-causes-more-than-just-sleepiness

  This study highlights the association of idiopathic hypersomnia with impairments in daily functioning, social aspects, cognition, affect, and work productivity. An important point is that these impairments were observed despite most participants (89.3%) taking off-label medications to treat idiopathic hypersomnia, primarily stimulants, wake-promoting agents, and antidepressants. […] These findings add much-needed clarity to the experience of people with idiopathic hypersomnia regarding the multiple aspects of this disorder on daily life, and demonstrate a symptom burden that extends far beyond just excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Multiple studies have shown that people with idiopathic hypersomnia are impaired on most, or all, health-related QoL (quality of life) domains of the SF-36 (role physical, role emotional, general health perception, vitality, social functioning, mental health, physical function, and bodily pain) compared with national norms even when the majority are treated with wake-promoting agents. Individuals with idiopathic hypersomnia also report significantly worse health-related QoL than healthy controls on the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level index and the EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale. One study has even reported that people with idiopathic hypersomnia scored significantly lower than people with narcolepsy (type 1, type 2, or either type) on most domains of the Veterans RAND 36-item Health Survey, including the social functioning domain.

• #3 Idiopathic hypersomnia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypersomnia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20362338

  People who are diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia have excess sleepiness every day for at least three months. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia treatment can help ease symptoms. […] A common medicine prescribed is the stimulant modafinil (Provigil). This medicine can help you stay awake during the day. […] Possible side effects of modafinil are headaches, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. […] Armodafinil (Nuvigil) also can treat idiopathic hypersomnia. Possible side effects of this medicine are headache, dizziness, nausea, upper respiratory tract infections, drowsiness and swelling of the spaces inside the nose. […] More recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a medicine with lower sodium called oxybate (Xywav) to treat idiopathic hypersomnia in adults. […] Some lifestyle habits may help your symptoms. These include following a regular nighttime sleep schedule, not drinking alcohol and not taking medicines that can affect your sleep.

• #3 Compare symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy types 1 and 2 – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/classification/

  Disrupted nighttime sleep — When you wake up many times in a night. […] You may not notice when this happens, but it can make your sleep less restful and you may wake up feeling tired and unrefreshed. […] Your sleep studies may show arousals (wake-ups) from sleep or a high number of shifts (changes) between different stages of sleep. […] Cataplexy — A sudden and temporary episode of muscle weakness, usually triggered by strong emotions.

• #3

  https://www.xywavhcp.com/idiopathic-hypersomnia/diagnosis/

  IH is different from other sleep disorders that also cause EDS, such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea. […] For a diagnosis of IH, the following must be met: EDS daily for 3 months; Cataplexy is NOT present; PSG and MSLT findings are not consistent with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type I or 2; Insufficient sleep syndrome is ruled out; At least one of the following: MSLT shows a mean sleep latency of 8 minutes; Total 24-hour sleep time is 660 minutes (typically 12-14 hours) on 24-hour PSG monitoring. […] Additional supportive clinical features include severe and prolonged sleep inertia and long, unrefreshing naps (1 hour). […] Unlike stimulants and wake-promoting agents that are taken during the day, XYWAV is taken at night to help treat multiple symptoms of IH during the day, such as EDS, sleep inertia, prolonged sleep duration, and cognitive impairment.

• #3 Examining Clinical Considerations for Diagnosis, Management of Idiopathic Hypersomnia

  https://www.ajmc.com/view/examining-clinical-considerations-for-diagnosis-management-of-idiopathic-hypersomnia

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a sleep disorder of neurologic origin that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), a common symptom present in 15% to 33% of the general population. EDS is a core diagnostic feature of IH, but its prevalence in other more commonly known sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, has contributed to misdiagnosis and years of inadequate management for patients with IH. […] Diagnosis of IH is based on objective sleep testing and the presence of associated clinical features. However, due to its low prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and symptoms, which are similar to those of other sleep disorders, IH may be difficult for clinicians to recognize and correctly diagnose, noted researchers. […] A major barrier to IH management is the lack of knowledge regarding its pathophysiology. There remain no known consistent abnormalities in the key wakefulness-promoting or sleep-wake circuit neurotransmitters.

• #3 Lack of Knowledge on Idiopathic Hypersomnia Often Leads to Misdiagnosis – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/idiopathic-hypersomnia-is-often-misdiagnosed/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness even though a person can get adequate, or more typically, long amounts of sleep (more than 9 to 10 hours in a 24-hour period). People with IH often struggle to wake, although they set multiple alarms, and also have difficulty rising from bed (sleep inertia). They may start the day feeling extremely groggy (sometimes referred to as sleep drunk), and can experience significantly reduced focus and concentration during waking hours (brain fog). […] […] People with IH often live without a correct diagnosis for a long time, blaming themselves and struggling to maintain work, studies and relationships. […] […] Those individuals tend to have long sleep periods, or if they have normal sleep periods, they can have sleep inertia. In other words, its really hard for them to wake up and then when they wake up, theyre foggy and it takes a long time for their brain to warm up, even though theyve had an adequate opportunity to sleep and, in some cases, long sleep. They may sleep, 10, 11, or 12 hours and they wake up and they are still foggy and sleepy. Of course, sleepy people have problems with executive function and thinking, memory, and mood, so they can have more irritability and low motivation. […]

• #3 Hypersomnia: Symptoms, causes and treatments | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/hypersomnia-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Hypersomnia is a chronic condition characterized by episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep (over 11 hours), according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). […] Individuals with hypersomnia find it difficult to wake up, and they feel the need to nap repeatedly throughout the day. In addition, sleep doesn’t tend to relieve feelings of exhaustion and sleepiness. […] „People with this condition may sleep for 11 hours at night, but they still feel fatigued during the day,” Raja said. […] According to the Sleep Foundation, idiopathic hypersomnia appears to be a relatively rare condition, though its exact prevalence is difficult to determine. Symptoms often appear in a person’s teens or early 20s, but they can begin at any age. Idiopathic hypersomnia is diagnosed after ruling out any secondary causes of excessive sleepiness.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Understanding Its Rarity And Prevalence | TheHealthSite.com

  https://www.thehealthsite.com/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-hypersomnia-understanding-its-rarity-and-prevalence-1046681/

  A recent study, published in Neurology, sheds light on the prevalence of idiopathic hypersomnia, challenging previous perceptions of its rarity. This neurological disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness despite sufficient nocturnal rest, proves to be more common than once assumed. Idiopathic hypersomnia manifests through symptoms such as profound daytime sleepiness, prolonged sleep durations, difficulty waking up, and disorientation upon waking. These symptoms significantly impact daily activities, diminishing the overall quality of life for those affected. […] From the extensive study group, 1.5% exhibited probable cases of idiopathic hypersomnia. Notably, these individuals experienced heightened sleepiness despite comparable or longer sleep durations. Survey results highlighted an average score of 14 for daytime sleepiness in those with the disorder, surpassing the concerning threshold of 10, while those without it averaged a score of nine.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia (IH) | Sleep Health Foundation

  https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-disorders/idiopathic-hypersomnia-ih

  There is no cure, but many people can control the symptoms of IH (at least in part) with medication. […] A medication that increases dopamine and norephinephrine in the wake promoting centres of the brain, Modafanil, will help some people with IH symptoms. […] In most cases, IH persists but it seems that in 10-15% of cases it will resolve by itself.

• #3 Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Understanding Its Rarity And Prevalence | TheHealthSite.com

  https://www.thehealthsite.com/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-hypersomnia-understanding-its-rarity-and-prevalence-1046681/

  The research delved into the longitudinal aspect of idiopathic hypersomnia, spanning approximately 12 years. Findings unveiled that excessive daytime sleepiness was often chronic. However, a notable 40% experienced remission, offering both hope for those affected and underscoring the necessity for further investigation into the factors influencing remission. […] The study’s revelation challenges the assumptions surrounding idiopathic hypersomnia’s rarity, emphasizing the gap between those with the disorder and those seeking treatment. The call for enhanced efforts in identification, diagnosis, and treatment echoes through the findings, urging additional research to unravel the disorder’s causes and pave the way for innovative treatments.

• #4 Idiopathic Hypersomnia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585065/

  Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. […] Idiopathic hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, uncontrollable need to sleep with long unrefreshing naps, and difficulty waking up from sleep in most instances despite average or longer amounts of nocturnal sleep for at least three months. […] The usual presentation is chronic and disabling excessive daytime sleepiness in an adolescent or young adult, with the majority complaining of „sleep drunkenness” as difficulty waking up from sleep with transient confusion upon awakening. […] Patients commonly endorse symptoms of long daytime naps (1 hour) which are typically non-refreshing but sleep attacks are not frequently reported.

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