Azbestoza – Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Azbestoza
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rokowanie w azbestozie jest ściśle związane ze stopniem zaawansowania choroby, intensywnością i czasem trwania ekspozycji na azbest oraz obecnością chorób współistniejących. Mediana przeżycia wynosi około 10 lat, z wyraźnym zróżnicowaniem w zależności od stadium: 14 lat w I stadium, 50 miesięcy (4,2 roku) w II oraz 21 miesięcy (1,75 roku) w III stadium. Modele predykcyjne GAP (Gender-Age-Physiology) i CPI (Composite Physiologic Index) oraz wartość DLCO% stanowią kluczowe narzędzia w ocenie rokowania. Pomimo braku możliwości wyleczenia, leczenie koncentruje się na łagodzeniu objawów, a jedyną metodą zatrzymania progresji jest przeszczep obu płuc, który jednak nie odwraca istniejących uszkodzeń. Azbestoza zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju raka płuca (8-10-krotnie) oraz międzybłoniaka opłucnej, które są głównymi przyczynami zgonów związanych z ekspozycją na azbest.

Azbestoza (Asbestosis) – Rokowanie

Oczekiwana długość życia w azbestozie
Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie
Brak możliwości wyleczenia
Zwiększone ryzyko nowotworów i obciążenie zdrowotne
Globalne obciążenie związane z azbestozą
Porównanie rokowania azbestozy z innymi chorobami azbestozależnymi
Modele predykcyjne w ocenie rokowania

Statystyki śmiertelności w azbestozie

Wnioski praktyczne dla personelu medycznego
Kolejne rozdziały

Azbestoza (Asbestosis) – Rokowanie

Rokowanie w azbestozie (asbestosis) zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od stopnia zaawansowania choroby, intensywności i czasu trwania ekspozycji na azbest oraz obecności chorób współistniejących. Azbestoza jest przewlekłą chorobą płuc spowodowaną wdychaniem włókien azbestu, która prowadzi do nieodwracalnego zwłóknienia tkanki płucnej.¹²

Oczekiwana długość życia w azbestozie

Mediana przeżycia pacjentów z azbestozą wynosi około 10 lat, jednak czas przeżycia różni się znacząco w zależności od stadium zaawansowania choroby:³⁴

Pacjenci w I stadium choroby – średnio około 14 lat
Pacjenci w II stadium choroby – około 50 miesięcy (4,2 roku)
Pacjenci w III stadium choroby – średnio 21 miesięcy (1,75 roku)

⁵⁶⁷

W badaniu oceniającym przeżycie pacjentów z azbestozą wykazano, że mediana szacowanego przeżycia wynosi 124 miesiące, przy czym w zależności od stadium GAP (Gender-Age-Physiology): 171 miesięcy w stadium I, 50 miesięcy w stadium II i 21 miesięcy w stadium III (p0.001).⁸

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Czynniki mające istotny wpływ na rokowanie w azbestozie obejmują:⁹¹⁰

Intensywność i czas trwania ekspozycji na azbest – pacjenci z wysoką ekspozycją mają tendencję do ciężkich przypadków, które szybciej postępują
Stadium zaawansowania choroby – pacjenci z mniejszym uszkodzeniem płuc rokują lepiej
Wartość DLCO% (zdolność dyfuzyjna płuc dla tlenku węgla) – istotny parametr w ocenie rokowania
Modele predykcyjne GAP i CPI (Composite Physiologic Index) – stanowią cenne narzędzia w ocenie rokowania

¹¹¹²

Osoby z niższą ekspozycją często mają łagodne przypadki, które albo postępują powoli, albo pozostają stabilne. Jednak nawet gdy ekspozycja na azbest nie jest już problemem, trudności w oddychaniu często nasilają się z czasem.¹³¹⁴

Brak możliwości wyleczenia

Nie istnieje metoda leczenia umożliwiająca wyleczenie azbestozy, ponieważ nie jest możliwe naprawienie uszkodzeń płuc spowodowanych przez włókna azbestu.¹⁵¹⁶ Jedyną metodą zatrzymania postępu choroby jest przeszczep obu płuc, jednak nie odwraca to już istniejących uszkodzeń.¹⁷

Leczenie azbestozy koncentruje się głównie na łagodzeniu objawów i obejmuje farmakoterapię. Mimo że azbestoza jest chorobą przewlekłą bez możliwości wyleczenia, rokowanie jest względnie dobre w porównaniu z innymi chorobami związanymi z azbestem, ponieważ sama azbestoza nie jest nowotworem.¹⁸

Zwiększone ryzyko nowotworów i obciążenie zdrowotne

Osoby z rozpoznaną azbestozą mają 8-10 razy większe ryzyko rozwoju raka płuca w porównaniu z populacją ogólną.¹⁹ Dodatkowo, narażenie na azbest zwiększa ryzyko zachorowania na międzybłoniaka opłucnej (mesothelioma).²⁰

Mezoteliona stanowi 80% przypadków zgonów przypisywanych narażeniu zawodowemu na azbest.²¹ Z kolei rak płuca jest główną przyczyną zgonów związanych z narażeniem na azbest, stanowiąc 83% wszystkich przypadków.²²

Narażenie na azbest zwiększa pięciokrotnie ryzyko raka płuca, co może być związane z uszkodzeniem DNA spowodowanym przez reaktywne formy tlenu i azotu, prowadzącym do stanu zapalnego tkanek i śmierci komórek.²³

Globalne obciążenie związane z azbestozą

W 2019 roku na całym świecie odnotowano 239 330 zgonów i 4 189 000 lat życia skorygowanych niesprawnością (DALY) przypisywanych zawodowemu narażeniu na azbest.²⁴ W latach 1990-2019 liczba zgonów i DALY przypisywanych ekspozycji zawodowej na azbest wzrosła odpowiednio o 65,65% i 43,66%.²⁵

Według prognoz, globalna liczba zgonów spowodowanych narażeniem zawodowym na azbest będzie nadal rosnąć, osiągając 2 792 309 do 2035 roku, z czego 219 235 mężczyzn i 53 073 kobiet.²⁶ Jednocześnie przewiduje się spadek standaryzowanego względem wieku współczynnika umieralności (ASMR) z 8,24 do 5,84 dla obu płci, z 2,64 do 2,35 dla kobiet i z 16,80 do 10,66 dla mężczyzn.²⁷

Porównanie rokowania azbestozy z innymi chorobami azbestozależnymi

Choć azbestoza może powodować znaczny dyskomfort i pogorszenie jakości życia, ogólne rokowanie jest lepsze niż w przypadku osób, u których rozwija się międzybłoniak lub rak płuca związany z azbestem.²⁸ Średni czas przeżycia pacjentów z rakiem płuca związanym z narażeniem na azbest wynosi 16,2 miesiąca, podczas gdy dla raka płuca niezwiązanego z azbestem wynosi 17,2 miesiąca.²⁹

Spośród pacjentów z rakiem płuca związanym z azbestem, 25% osiąga pięcioletnie przeżycie przy zastosowaniu odpowiedniego leczenia.³⁰ Ekspozycja na azbest nie jest istotnym czynnikiem prognostycznym dla pacjentów z rakiem płuca, a rokowanie jest podobne jak u pacjentów z rakiem płuca spowodowanym innymi czynnikami rakotwórczymi, takimi jak dym papierosowy.³¹³²

Modele predykcyjne w ocenie rokowania

W ocenie rokowania pacjentów z azbestozą przydatne są modele predykcyjne, takie jak:³³

GAP (Gender-Age-Physiology) – uwzględnia płeć, wiek i parametry czynnościowe płuc
CPI (Composite Physiologic Index) – złożony indeks fizjologiczny
DLCO% – wartość wyjściowa zdolności dyfuzyjnej dla tlenku węgla w procentach wartości należnej

³⁴

Wymienione parametry stanowią istotne czynniki w ocenie rokowania pacjentów z azbestozą i mogą być przydatne w praktyce klinicznej przy opracowywaniu strategii leczenia dla poszczególnych pacjentów.³⁵

Statystyki śmiertelności w azbestozie

Według danych brytyjskiego Health and Safety Executive, liczba zgonów związanych z azbestozą stale rośnie. W 2010 roku odnotowano 412 zgonów, w których azbestoza prawdopodobnie przyczyniła się do przyczyny śmierci, w porównaniu ze 109 w 1978 roku. W 2010 roku zarejestrowano 169 zgonów, w których azbestoza została konkretnie wymieniona jako przyczyna śmierci.³⁶

Azbestoza jest najczęściej zgłaszaną przyczyną zgonów z powodu pylicy płuc, stanowiąc około 60% zgonów z powodu pylicy płuc zarejestrowanych w latach 1999-2018.³⁷

Mimo ograniczenia stosowania azbestu w krajach uprzemysłowionych i zaostrzenia limitów narażenia zawodowego, miało to niewielki wpływ na pracowników, którzy zgromadzili wysokie poziomy narażenia we wczesnych dekadach pracy.³⁸ Jedna czwarta osób narażonych na azbest ma dowody azbestozy w badaniu tomografii komputerowej.³⁹

Wnioski praktyczne dla personelu medycznego

Zrozumienie obciążenia związanego z narażeniem zawodowym na azbest w skali globalnej i regionalnej jest niezbędne do wdrożenia skoordynowanych strategii zapobiegania i kontroli.⁴⁰ Dla lekarzy zajmujących się pacjentami z azbestozą istotne jest:

Dokładna ocena stadium zaawansowania choroby przy użyciu modeli predykcyjnych (GAP, CPI)
Regularne monitorowanie parametrów czynnościowych płuc, zwłaszcza DLCO%
Czujność onkologiczna ze względu na zwiększone ryzyko raka płuca i międzybłoniaka
Wczesna diagnoza chorób współistniejących, która pomaga pacjentom kwalifikować się do bardziej skutecznych opcji leczenia, które poprawiają przeżycie

⁴¹⁴²

Choć azbestoza jest nieuleczalna i rokowanie zależy głównie od stopnia zaawansowania choroby w momencie rozpoznania, odpowiednie leczenie objawowe i regularne monitorowanie mogą znacząco poprawić jakość życia pacjentów.⁴³⁴⁴

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Asbestosis prognosis | asbestos exposure | Asbestosis claims uk | National Asbestos Helpline
https://www.nationalasbestos.co.uk/asbestos-diseases/asbestosis/prognosis/
The severity of asbestosis will depend on the length and amount of asbestos exposure. There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed because it is not possible to repair lung damage caused by exposure to asbestos. […] In more severe cases asbestosis can place a significant strain on a persons health and shorten their life expectancy. […] Unfortunately, asbestosis also carries an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and lung cancer. […] The Health and Safety Executive have reported that deaths from asbestosis are continuing to increase and in fact in 2010 there were 412 deaths where asbestosis is likely to have contributed as a cause compared with 109 in 1978. There were 169 deaths in 2010 where asbestosis was specifically recorded as a cause of death.
#2 Asbestosis Prognosis in Lung? + Life Expectancy & Survival Rate | Mesothelioma Treatment Centers.org
https://mesotheliomatreatmentcenters.org/asbestos/asbestosis-prognosis/
Asbestosis is a chronic condition caused by inhaling asbestos, which affects the lungs. At present, there is no cure for asbestosis. […] Treatment generally includes medication. While a chronic condition with a cure, the prognosis is still good. This is because it is not a form of cancer, which means people can live with the disease. […] While asbestosis itself has a reasonably good prognosis, those who have developed it are at an eight to 10 times greater risk of also developing lung cancer. The prognosis for lung cancer is very poor. […] The prognosis for asbestosis is good because it is not a cancer. As such, people do not die of asbestosis. However, because of the strain it puts on the body’s other organs, it is more likely that people die younger. Additionally, the chance of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are very lethal cancers, is increased.
#3 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#4 Asbestosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
https://mesothelioma.net/asbestosis/
The prognosis for asbestosis varies greatly by the individual. Even when asbestos exposure is no longer an issue, breathing often gets more difficult over time. Factors that affect prognosis and life expectancy for asbestos include: […] A study of patients with asbestosis used these factors to predict life expectancy. They found that patients with early and minimal damage would live approximately 14 years. Patients with the most damage might live just under two years. The median life expectancy for all asbestosis patients was about ten years. […] Although it is uncomfortable, the overall prognosis for asbestosis is better than it is for individuals who develop mesothelioma or lung cancer.
#5 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#6 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#7 Asbestosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
https://mesothelioma.net/asbestosis/
The prognosis for asbestosis varies greatly by the individual. Even when asbestos exposure is no longer an issue, breathing often gets more difficult over time. Factors that affect prognosis and life expectancy for asbestos include: […] A study of patients with asbestosis used these factors to predict life expectancy. They found that patients with early and minimal damage would live approximately 14 years. Patients with the most damage might live just under two years. The median life expectancy for all asbestosis patients was about ten years. […] Although it is uncomfortable, the overall prognosis for asbestosis is better than it is for individuals who develop mesothelioma or lung cancer.
#8 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#9 Asbestosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
https://mesothelioma.net/asbestosis/
The prognosis for asbestosis varies greatly by the individual. Even when asbestos exposure is no longer an issue, breathing often gets more difficult over time. Factors that affect prognosis and life expectancy for asbestos include: […] A study of patients with asbestosis used these factors to predict life expectancy. They found that patients with early and minimal damage would live approximately 14 years. Patients with the most damage might live just under two years. The median life expectancy for all asbestosis patients was about ten years. […] Although it is uncomfortable, the overall prognosis for asbestosis is better than it is for individuals who develop mesothelioma or lung cancer.
#10 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#11 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#12 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#13 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#14 Asbestosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
https://mesothelioma.net/asbestosis/
The prognosis for asbestosis varies greatly by the individual. Even when asbestos exposure is no longer an issue, breathing often gets more difficult over time. Factors that affect prognosis and life expectancy for asbestos include: […] A study of patients with asbestosis used these factors to predict life expectancy. They found that patients with early and minimal damage would live approximately 14 years. Patients with the most damage might live just under two years. The median life expectancy for all asbestosis patients was about ten years. […] Although it is uncomfortable, the overall prognosis for asbestosis is better than it is for individuals who develop mesothelioma or lung cancer.
#15 Asbestosis prognosis | asbestos exposure | Asbestosis claims uk | National Asbestos Helpline
https://www.nationalasbestos.co.uk/asbestos-diseases/asbestosis/prognosis/
The severity of asbestosis will depend on the length and amount of asbestos exposure. There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed because it is not possible to repair lung damage caused by exposure to asbestos. […] In more severe cases asbestosis can place a significant strain on a persons health and shorten their life expectancy. […] Unfortunately, asbestosis also carries an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and lung cancer. […] The Health and Safety Executive have reported that deaths from asbestosis are continuing to increase and in fact in 2010 there were 412 deaths where asbestosis is likely to have contributed as a cause compared with 109 in 1978. There were 169 deaths in 2010 where asbestosis was specifically recorded as a cause of death.
#16 Asbestosis Prognosis in Lung? + Life Expectancy & Survival Rate | Mesothelioma Treatment Centers.org
https://mesotheliomatreatmentcenters.org/asbestos/asbestosis-prognosis/
Asbestosis is a chronic condition caused by inhaling asbestos, which affects the lungs. At present, there is no cure for asbestosis. […] Treatment generally includes medication. While a chronic condition with a cure, the prognosis is still good. This is because it is not a form of cancer, which means people can live with the disease. […] While asbestosis itself has a reasonably good prognosis, those who have developed it are at an eight to 10 times greater risk of also developing lung cancer. The prognosis for lung cancer is very poor. […] The prognosis for asbestosis is good because it is not a cancer. As such, people do not die of asbestosis. However, because of the strain it puts on the body’s other organs, it is more likely that people die younger. Additionally, the chance of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are very lethal cancers, is increased.
#17 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#18 Asbestosis Prognosis in Lung? + Life Expectancy & Survival Rate | Mesothelioma Treatment Centers.org
https://mesotheliomatreatmentcenters.org/asbestos/asbestosis-prognosis/
Asbestosis is a chronic condition caused by inhaling asbestos, which affects the lungs. At present, there is no cure for asbestosis. […] Treatment generally includes medication. While a chronic condition with a cure, the prognosis is still good. This is because it is not a form of cancer, which means people can live with the disease. […] While asbestosis itself has a reasonably good prognosis, those who have developed it are at an eight to 10 times greater risk of also developing lung cancer. The prognosis for lung cancer is very poor. […] The prognosis for asbestosis is good because it is not a cancer. As such, people do not die of asbestosis. However, because of the strain it puts on the body’s other organs, it is more likely that people die younger. Additionally, the chance of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are very lethal cancers, is increased.
#19 Asbestosis Prognosis in Lung? + Life Expectancy & Survival Rate | Mesothelioma Treatment Centers.org
https://mesotheliomatreatmentcenters.org/asbestos/asbestosis-prognosis/
Asbestosis is a chronic condition caused by inhaling asbestos, which affects the lungs. At present, there is no cure for asbestosis. […] Treatment generally includes medication. While a chronic condition with a cure, the prognosis is still good. This is because it is not a form of cancer, which means people can live with the disease. […] While asbestosis itself has a reasonably good prognosis, those who have developed it are at an eight to 10 times greater risk of also developing lung cancer. The prognosis for lung cancer is very poor. […] The prognosis for asbestosis is good because it is not a cancer. As such, people do not die of asbestosis. However, because of the strain it puts on the body’s other organs, it is more likely that people die younger. Additionally, the chance of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are very lethal cancers, is increased.
#20 Asbestosis prognosis | asbestos exposure | Asbestosis claims uk | National Asbestos Helpline
https://www.nationalasbestos.co.uk/asbestos-diseases/asbestosis/prognosis/
The severity of asbestosis will depend on the length and amount of asbestos exposure. There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed because it is not possible to repair lung damage caused by exposure to asbestos. […] In more severe cases asbestosis can place a significant strain on a persons health and shorten their life expectancy. […] Unfortunately, asbestosis also carries an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and lung cancer. […] The Health and Safety Executive have reported that deaths from asbestosis are continuing to increase and in fact in 2010 there were 412 deaths where asbestosis is likely to have contributed as a cause compared with 109 in 1978. There were 169 deaths in 2010 where asbestosis was specifically recorded as a cause of death.
#21 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Mesothelioma tops the PAF list of deaths attributed to occupational asbestos exposure, with 80% of mesothelioma mainly caused by asbestos exposure. […] The global number of deaths due to occupational asbestos exposure would continue to increase, reaching 2,792,309 by 2035, with 219,235 males and 53,073 females, and males were the main cause of the increase, but the upward trend has slowed. […] ASMR was predicted to decline, from 8.24 to 5.84 in both sex, from 2.64 to 2.35 in females, and from 16.80 to 10.66 in males, with a more pronounced decline in males.
#22 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
The number of deaths and DALYs caused by occupational asbestos exposure worldwide in 2019 mainly occurred in the elderly. […] Of the five diseases, lung cancer was the leading cause of death, accounting for 83% of the total, while mesothelioma was the most common primary disease in all regions. […] The burden caused by occupational asbestos exposure was positively correlated with SDI as a whole. […] Despite the subsequent decline in asbestos use in industrialized countries and the tightening of occupational environmental exposure limits, this had little effect on workers who accumulated high exposure levels in the early decades of work. […] The risk of lung cancer is increased five-fold by exposure to asbestos, which may be due to DNA damage caused by asbestos fiber mediated reactive oxygen species and active nitrogen, resulting in tissue inflammation and cell death, and leading to the occurrence of lung cancer.
#23 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
The number of deaths and DALYs caused by occupational asbestos exposure worldwide in 2019 mainly occurred in the elderly. […] Of the five diseases, lung cancer was the leading cause of death, accounting for 83% of the total, while mesothelioma was the most common primary disease in all regions. […] The burden caused by occupational asbestos exposure was positively correlated with SDI as a whole. […] Despite the subsequent decline in asbestos use in industrialized countries and the tightening of occupational environmental exposure limits, this had little effect on workers who accumulated high exposure levels in the early decades of work. […] The risk of lung cancer is increased five-fold by exposure to asbestos, which may be due to DNA damage caused by asbestos fiber mediated reactive oxygen species and active nitrogen, resulting in tissue inflammation and cell death, and leading to the occurrence of lung cancer.
#24 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Understanding the burden associated with occupational asbestos exposure on a global and regional scale is necessary to implement coordinated prevention and control strategies. […] In 2019, 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide due to occupational asbestos exposure occurred. […] 1990-2019, deaths and DALYs attributed to occupational asbestos exposure increased by 65.65% and 43.66%, respectively. […] Lung cancer, mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were the top three contributors to the increase in deaths and DALYs, accounting for more than 96%. […] Global deaths from occupational asbestos exposure were predicted to increase and ASMR to decrease by 2035, mostly in males. […] One-quarter of asbestos-exposed people had CT evidence of asbestosis. […] This highlights the different health problems and diseases that occupational asbestos exposure can cause in humans.
#25 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Understanding the burden associated with occupational asbestos exposure on a global and regional scale is necessary to implement coordinated prevention and control strategies. […] In 2019, 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide due to occupational asbestos exposure occurred. […] 1990-2019, deaths and DALYs attributed to occupational asbestos exposure increased by 65.65% and 43.66%, respectively. […] Lung cancer, mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were the top three contributors to the increase in deaths and DALYs, accounting for more than 96%. […] Global deaths from occupational asbestos exposure were predicted to increase and ASMR to decrease by 2035, mostly in males. […] One-quarter of asbestos-exposed people had CT evidence of asbestosis. […] This highlights the different health problems and diseases that occupational asbestos exposure can cause in humans.
#26 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Mesothelioma tops the PAF list of deaths attributed to occupational asbestos exposure, with 80% of mesothelioma mainly caused by asbestos exposure. […] The global number of deaths due to occupational asbestos exposure would continue to increase, reaching 2,792,309 by 2035, with 219,235 males and 53,073 females, and males were the main cause of the increase, but the upward trend has slowed. […] ASMR was predicted to decline, from 8.24 to 5.84 in both sex, from 2.64 to 2.35 in females, and from 16.80 to 10.66 in males, with a more pronounced decline in males.
#27 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Mesothelioma tops the PAF list of deaths attributed to occupational asbestos exposure, with 80% of mesothelioma mainly caused by asbestos exposure. […] The global number of deaths due to occupational asbestos exposure would continue to increase, reaching 2,792,309 by 2035, with 219,235 males and 53,073 females, and males were the main cause of the increase, but the upward trend has slowed. […] ASMR was predicted to decline, from 8.24 to 5.84 in both sex, from 2.64 to 2.35 in females, and from 16.80 to 10.66 in males, with a more pronounced decline in males.
#28 Asbestosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
https://mesothelioma.net/asbestosis/
The prognosis for asbestosis varies greatly by the individual. Even when asbestos exposure is no longer an issue, breathing often gets more difficult over time. Factors that affect prognosis and life expectancy for asbestos include: […] A study of patients with asbestosis used these factors to predict life expectancy. They found that patients with early and minimal damage would live approximately 14 years. Patients with the most damage might live just under two years. The median life expectancy for all asbestosis patients was about ten years. […] Although it is uncomfortable, the overall prognosis for asbestosis is better than it is for individuals who develop mesothelioma or lung cancer.
#29 Asbestos Lung Cancer Prognosis | How Long Can I Live?
https://www.asbestos.com/cancer/lung-cancer/prognosis/
Average asbestos-related lung cancer life expectancy is 16.2 months. An asbestos-related lung cancer prognosis is best determined by a lung cancer specialist. You may be able to improve your prognosis through treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer face a similar prognosis as other lung cancer patients. […] In a 2009 Japanese study, the average prognosis for asbestos-related lung cancer was 16.2 months, while the average prognosis for non-asbestos related lung cancer was 17.2 months. Of the patients with asbestos-related lung cancer, 25% achieved a five-year survival rate with treatment. […] As with other asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, early diagnosis helps patients qualify for more effective treatment options that improve survival. […] Asbestos exposure is not a significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer have similar prognoses as patients with lung cancer caused by another carcinogen such as cigarette smoke.
#30 Asbestos Lung Cancer Prognosis | How Long Can I Live?
https://www.asbestos.com/cancer/lung-cancer/prognosis/
Average asbestos-related lung cancer life expectancy is 16.2 months. An asbestos-related lung cancer prognosis is best determined by a lung cancer specialist. You may be able to improve your prognosis through treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer face a similar prognosis as other lung cancer patients. […] In a 2009 Japanese study, the average prognosis for asbestos-related lung cancer was 16.2 months, while the average prognosis for non-asbestos related lung cancer was 17.2 months. Of the patients with asbestos-related lung cancer, 25% achieved a five-year survival rate with treatment. […] As with other asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, early diagnosis helps patients qualify for more effective treatment options that improve survival. […] Asbestos exposure is not a significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer have similar prognoses as patients with lung cancer caused by another carcinogen such as cigarette smoke.
#31 Asbestos Lung Cancer Prognosis | How Long Can I Live?
https://www.asbestos.com/cancer/lung-cancer/prognosis/
Average asbestos-related lung cancer life expectancy is 16.2 months. An asbestos-related lung cancer prognosis is best determined by a lung cancer specialist. You may be able to improve your prognosis through treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer face a similar prognosis as other lung cancer patients. […] In a 2009 Japanese study, the average prognosis for asbestos-related lung cancer was 16.2 months, while the average prognosis for non-asbestos related lung cancer was 17.2 months. Of the patients with asbestos-related lung cancer, 25% achieved a five-year survival rate with treatment. […] As with other asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, early diagnosis helps patients qualify for more effective treatment options that improve survival. […] Asbestos exposure is not a significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer have similar prognoses as patients with lung cancer caused by another carcinogen such as cigarette smoke.
#32 Asbestos Lung Cancer Prognosis | How Long Can I Live?
https://www.asbestos.com/cancer/lung-cancer/prognosis/
Average asbestos-related lung cancer life expectancy is 16.2 months. An asbestos-related lung cancer prognosis is best determined by a lung cancer specialist. You may be able to improve your prognosis through treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer face a similar prognosis as other lung cancer patients. […] In a 2009 Japanese study, the average prognosis for asbestos-related lung cancer was 16.2 months, while the average prognosis for non-asbestos related lung cancer was 17.2 months. Of the patients with asbestos-related lung cancer, 25% achieved a five-year survival rate with treatment. […] As with other asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, early diagnosis helps patients qualify for more effective treatment options that improve survival. […] Asbestos exposure is not a significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer have similar prognoses as patients with lung cancer caused by another carcinogen such as cigarette smoke.
#33 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#34 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#35 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#36 Asbestosis prognosis | asbestos exposure | Asbestosis claims uk | National Asbestos Helpline
https://www.nationalasbestos.co.uk/asbestos-diseases/asbestosis/prognosis/
The severity of asbestosis will depend on the length and amount of asbestos exposure. There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed because it is not possible to repair lung damage caused by exposure to asbestos. […] In more severe cases asbestosis can place a significant strain on a persons health and shorten their life expectancy. […] Unfortunately, asbestosis also carries an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and lung cancer. […] The Health and Safety Executive have reported that deaths from asbestosis are continuing to increase and in fact in 2010 there were 412 deaths where asbestosis is likely to have contributed as a cause compared with 109 in 1978. There were 169 deaths in 2010 where asbestosis was specifically recorded as a cause of death.
#37 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/
The median survival for asbestosis patients is about 10 years. Life expectancy varies with disease progression. Stage 1 patients live the longest, around 14 years. In contrast, stage 3 patients average just 1.75 years. […] The outlook for asbestosis patients varies. It depends on how fast the disease progresses and the level of asbestos exposure. Those with high exposure tend to get severe cases that worsen quickly. Those with lower exposure often have mild cases that either progress slowly or remain stable. […] There is no other way to reverse the scarring caused by asbestos exposure. Only a double lung transplant for asbestosis can halt progression. Asbestosis is the most frequently reported cause of pneumoconiosis deaths. It accounts for about 60% of pneumoconiosis deaths recorded from 1999 to 2018.
#38 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
The number of deaths and DALYs caused by occupational asbestos exposure worldwide in 2019 mainly occurred in the elderly. […] Of the five diseases, lung cancer was the leading cause of death, accounting for 83% of the total, while mesothelioma was the most common primary disease in all regions. […] The burden caused by occupational asbestos exposure was positively correlated with SDI as a whole. […] Despite the subsequent decline in asbestos use in industrialized countries and the tightening of occupational environmental exposure limits, this had little effect on workers who accumulated high exposure levels in the early decades of work. […] The risk of lung cancer is increased five-fold by exposure to asbestos, which may be due to DNA damage caused by asbestos fiber mediated reactive oxygen species and active nitrogen, resulting in tissue inflammation and cell death, and leading to the occurrence of lung cancer.
#39 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Understanding the burden associated with occupational asbestos exposure on a global and regional scale is necessary to implement coordinated prevention and control strategies. […] In 2019, 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide due to occupational asbestos exposure occurred. […] 1990-2019, deaths and DALYs attributed to occupational asbestos exposure increased by 65.65% and 43.66%, respectively. […] Lung cancer, mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were the top three contributors to the increase in deaths and DALYs, accounting for more than 96%. […] Global deaths from occupational asbestos exposure were predicted to increase and ASMR to decrease by 2035, mostly in males. […] One-quarter of asbestos-exposed people had CT evidence of asbestosis. […] This highlights the different health problems and diseases that occupational asbestos exposure can cause in humans.
#40 Global, regional, and national burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to occupational asbestos exposure 1990â2019 and prediction to 2035: worsening or improving? | BMC Public Health | Full Text
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-024-18099-4
Understanding the burden associated with occupational asbestos exposure on a global and regional scale is necessary to implement coordinated prevention and control strategies. […] In 2019, 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide due to occupational asbestos exposure occurred. […] 1990-2019, deaths and DALYs attributed to occupational asbestos exposure increased by 65.65% and 43.66%, respectively. […] Lung cancer, mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were the top three contributors to the increase in deaths and DALYs, accounting for more than 96%. […] Global deaths from occupational asbestos exposure were predicted to increase and ASMR to decrease by 2035, mostly in males. […] One-quarter of asbestos-exposed people had CT evidence of asbestosis. […] This highlights the different health problems and diseases that occupational asbestos exposure can cause in humans.
#41 Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33637623/
Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. […] The median estimated survival of the patients was 124 months, that is, 171 months in GAP stage I, 50 months in stage II and 21 months in stage III (p0.001). […] GAP and CPI as well as baseline DLCO% predicted were significant parameters in the evaluation of the prognosis of the patients with asbestosis; they may be useful in clinical practice when considering treatment strategies of individual patients.
#42 Asbestos Lung Cancer Prognosis | How Long Can I Live?
https://www.asbestos.com/cancer/lung-cancer/prognosis/
Average asbestos-related lung cancer life expectancy is 16.2 months. An asbestos-related lung cancer prognosis is best determined by a lung cancer specialist. You may be able to improve your prognosis through treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer face a similar prognosis as other lung cancer patients. […] In a 2009 Japanese study, the average prognosis for asbestos-related lung cancer was 16.2 months, while the average prognosis for non-asbestos related lung cancer was 17.2 months. Of the patients with asbestos-related lung cancer, 25% achieved a five-year survival rate with treatment. […] As with other asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, early diagnosis helps patients qualify for more effective treatment options that improve survival. […] Asbestos exposure is not a significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. […] Patients with asbestos-related lung cancer have similar prognoses as patients with lung cancer caused by another carcinogen such as cigarette smoke.
#43 Asbestosis prognosis | asbestos exposure | Asbestosis claims uk | National Asbestos Helpline
https://www.nationalasbestos.co.uk/asbestos-diseases/asbestosis/prognosis/
The severity of asbestosis will depend on the length and amount of asbestos exposure. There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed because it is not possible to repair lung damage caused by exposure to asbestos. […] In more severe cases asbestosis can place a significant strain on a persons health and shorten their life expectancy. […] Unfortunately, asbestosis also carries an increased risk of developing mesothelioma and lung cancer. […] The Health and Safety Executive have reported that deaths from asbestosis are continuing to increase and in fact in 2010 there were 412 deaths where asbestosis is likely to have contributed as a cause compared with 109 in 1978. There were 169 deaths in 2010 where asbestosis was specifically recorded as a cause of death.
#44 Asbestosis Prognosis in Lung? + Life Expectancy & Survival Rate | Mesothelioma Treatment Centers.org
https://mesotheliomatreatmentcenters.org/asbestos/asbestosis-prognosis/
Asbestosis is a chronic condition caused by inhaling asbestos, which affects the lungs. At present, there is no cure for asbestosis. […] Treatment generally includes medication. While a chronic condition with a cure, the prognosis is still good. This is because it is not a form of cancer, which means people can live with the disease. […] While asbestosis itself has a reasonably good prognosis, those who have developed it are at an eight to 10 times greater risk of also developing lung cancer. The prognosis for lung cancer is very poor. […] The prognosis for asbestosis is good because it is not a cancer. As such, people do not die of asbestosis. However, because of the strain it puts on the body’s other organs, it is more likely that people die younger. Additionally, the chance of developing lung cancer or mesothelioma, which are very lethal cancers, is increased.