Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Asbestosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which were widely used in construction, shipping, and aerospace industries due to their durability and heat resistance. […] Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] There are 3 main forms of asbestos exposure. Direct work-related environmental exposure is common among those who work at shipyards and in mining and aerospace industries. Bystander exposure is the second form commonly seen in professionals like electricians, masons, and painters. The third and most common form of asbestos exposure is general community exposure, such as using asbestos for road surfaces, playground material, landfills, and chemical paints. The disease is dose-dependent; exposure is higher in the first group and lower in the second and third forms of exposure. Also, the amphibole variety’s disease risk is higher than the serpentine asbestosis fibers. […] The severity of asbestos-related pulmonary fibrosis is related to the total dose of exposure.

• #2 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22245-asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a type of lung disease caused by breathing in asbestos dust and fibers. The disease causes fibrosis (scarring) of your lungs which makes it hard to breathe. […] Asbestosis is a lung disease that occurs in people who inhale asbestos fibers and dust over a long period of time. […] When asbestos fibers and dust get into your lungs, they can cause fibrosis (thickening and scarring of your lungs). […] The main cause of asbestosis is inhaling tiny asbestos fibers or dust. […] The longer you had exposure to asbestos and the more intense the exposure, the higher your chances of developing asbestosis. […] Breathing in asbestos particles in the air causes asbestosis. […] Youre more at risk of getting asbestosis if you have long-term exposure to asbestos. […] Many people who have asbestosis have breathing trouble and a cough that doesnt go away. […] Complications of asbestosis may include lung cancer. […] People with the disease tend to have had exposure for many years through an occupation.

• #3 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #4 Learn About Asbestosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis/learn-about-asbestosis

  Inhaling large amounts of asbestos fibers or its dust over a long period of time can produce scarring of lung tissue. This scarring is called asbestosis. […] Exposure to high levels of asbestos fibers is what causes asbestosis to develop. The airborne fibers and dust can become trapped in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lung at the end of the airways), where they irritate and scar the lung tissue. […] Since asbestosis is a progressive disease (meaning it gets worse over time), symptoms may not develop for up to 20 years after exposure. By this time the asbestos has significantly scarred the lung tissue, making it stiff and unable to expand normally. […] Smoking can increase the amount of damage done by asbestos and speed up the progression of the disease.

• #5 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] Asbestosis is a serious lung disease caused by asbestos exposure that results in lung scarring. Inhaled asbestos fibers cause inflammation and prevent the immune system from working properly. This can lead to scar tissue called pulmonary fibrosis forming in the lungs. […] The only cause of asbestosis is asbestos exposure. Asbestosis is a form of pneumoconiosis, which is a condition caused by the inhalation of different types of dust. […] Inhaling asbestos fibers causes them to accumulate in the lungs. This leads to inflammation and fibrous changes in lung tissue over time. Scarring develops and tissue movement becomes limited. […] An asbestos-related illness usually develops after years of regular exposure. The latency period from exposure to symptoms and diagnosis can be decades. Asbestosis has a shorter latency period of 20 to 30 years compared to asbestos-related cancers, which average 20 to 50 years.

• #6 Asbestos Toxicity: What Respiratory Conditions Are Associated with Asbestos? | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_atsdr_cdc_gov/csem/asbestos/respiratory_conditions_associated_with_asbestos.html

  Asbestosis is a diffuse interstitial fibrosis of lung tissue resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers inhaled deep into the lung become lodged in the tissue, eventually resulting in diffuse alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. The fibrosis usually first occurs in the respiratory bronchioles, particularly in the subpleural portions of the lower lobes. The fibrosis can progress to include the alveolar walls. Fibrosis tends to progress even after exposure ceases. […] Asbestosis has no unique pathognomonic signs or symptoms, but diagnosis is made by the constellation of clinical, functional, and radiographic findings as outlined by the American Thoracic Society. These criteria include sufficient history of exposure to asbestos, appearance of disease with a consistent time interval from first exposure, clinical picture such as insidious onset of dyspnea on exertion, bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles not cleared by coughing, functional tests showing restrictive (occasionally obstructive) pattern with reduced diffusing capacity, characteristic radiographic appearance, and exclusion of other causes of interstitial fibrosis or obstructive disease such as usual interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease, drug-related fibrosis. […] Asbestosis develops in around 50% of adults with occupational asbestos exposure. […] The presence of asbestosis is an indicator of high-level asbestos exposure, but lung cancer can occur without asbestosis.

• #7 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.pleuralmesothelioma.com/asbestos/related-diseases/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis disease is an illness characterized by scarring in the lungs due to asbestos exposure. […] Asbestos is the only cause of asbestosis disease. Inhaling asbestos fibers released from the destruction or degradation of asbestos-containing materials causes the small needlelike particles to become trapped in the lungs. […] As your body’s immune system tries to eliminate the asbestos fibers, it causes chronic inflammation, which leads to the formation of scar tissue. […] White blood cells cannot eliminate the asbestos fibers, and scar tissue forms around the sites of inflammation, blocking passages in the alveoli. […] Scar tissue also interferes with the fibroblast cells responsible for producing collagen, which forms the extracellular matrix that allows your lungs to expand and contract. […] As scar tissue accumulates, the lungs become more rigid, restricting oxygen from entering the bloodstream.

• #8 Asbestos Toxicity: What Respiratory Conditions Are Associated with Asbestos? | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_atsdr_cdc_gov/csem/asbestos/respiratory_conditions_associated_with_asbestos.html

  Asbestosis is a diffuse interstitial fibrosis of lung tissue resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers inhaled deep into the lung become lodged in the tissue, eventually resulting in diffuse alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. The fibrosis usually first occurs in the respiratory bronchioles, particularly in the subpleural portions of the lower lobes. The fibrosis can progress to include the alveolar walls. Fibrosis tends to progress even after exposure ceases. […] Asbestosis has no unique pathognomonic signs or symptoms, but diagnosis is made by the constellation of clinical, functional, and radiographic findings as outlined by the American Thoracic Society. These criteria include sufficient history of exposure to asbestos, appearance of disease with a consistent time interval from first exposure, clinical picture such as insidious onset of dyspnea on exertion, bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles not cleared by coughing, functional tests showing restrictive (occasionally obstructive) pattern with reduced diffusing capacity, characteristic radiographic appearance, and exclusion of other causes of interstitial fibrosis or obstructive disease such as usual interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease, drug-related fibrosis. […] Asbestosis develops in around 50% of adults with occupational asbestos exposure. […] The presence of asbestosis is an indicator of high-level asbestos exposure, but lung cancer can occur without asbestosis.

• #9 Asbestosis: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung condition that occurs as a result of long-term exposure to asbestos. Symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and chest pain can take 10–40 years to appear following exposure to asbestos. […] Asbestosis is typically an occupational lung disease that occurs following prolonged exposure to asbestos. Inhaling high levels of asbestos fibers and dust can irritate the lung tissue. […] Fibers can become trapped in the alveoli, which are the air sacs in the lungs and end of the airways. Over time, this can scar the lungs. This means that your lungs become stiff and are unable to expand as they should. […] If you smoke, this can increase the damage that results from inhaling asbestos fibers. This can make asbestosis quicker to progress. […] Asbestosis is often an occupational lung disease.

• #10 Asbestosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000118.htm

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that occurs from breathing in asbestos fibers. […] Breathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally. […] How severe the disease is depends on: How long the person was exposed to asbestos, The amount that was breathed in, The type of fibers breathed in. […] Asbestos exposure occurs in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. […] Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases. […] Outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to and how long you were exposed.

• #11 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Asbestosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which were widely used in construction, shipping, and aerospace industries due to their durability and heat resistance. […] Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] There are 3 main forms of asbestos exposure. Direct work-related environmental exposure is common among those who work at shipyards and in mining and aerospace industries. Bystander exposure is the second form commonly seen in professionals like electricians, masons, and painters. The third and most common form of asbestos exposure is general community exposure, such as using asbestos for road surfaces, playground material, landfills, and chemical paints. The disease is dose-dependent; exposure is higher in the first group and lower in the second and third forms of exposure. Also, the amphibole variety’s disease risk is higher than the serpentine asbestosis fibers. […] The severity of asbestos-related pulmonary fibrosis is related to the total dose of exposure.

• #12 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Asbestosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which were widely used in construction, shipping, and aerospace industries due to their durability and heat resistance. […] Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] There are 3 main forms of asbestos exposure. Direct work-related environmental exposure is common among those who work at shipyards and in mining and aerospace industries. Bystander exposure is the second form commonly seen in professionals like electricians, masons, and painters. The third and most common form of asbestos exposure is general community exposure, such as using asbestos for road surfaces, playground material, landfills, and chemical paints. The disease is dose-dependent; exposure is higher in the first group and lower in the second and third forms of exposure. Also, the amphibole variety’s disease risk is higher than the serpentine asbestosis fibers. […] The severity of asbestos-related pulmonary fibrosis is related to the total dose of exposure.

• #13 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/

  People who experience occupational asbestos exposure are at higher risk of asbestosis. Asbestosis tends to develop in people exposed to large amounts of asbestos over long periods. […] Some workers have high-risk professions for heavy exposure. These jobs include construction workers, insulators, miners and millers. […] Family members of these workers encountered secondary exposure when asbestos fibers traveled home on clothing, shoes and tools.

• #14 Asbestosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that occurs from breathing in asbestos fibers. […] Breathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally. […] Asbestos exposure occurs in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. Household members of asbestos workers can also be exposed from asbestos particles brought home on the worker’s clothing. […] Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases. […] Outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to and how long you were exposed.

• #15 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  Generally, those who develop asbestos-related diseases show no signs of illness for a long time after exposure. It can take from 10 to 40 years or more for symptoms of an asbestos-related condition to appear. […] There is some evidence that family members of workers heavily exposed to asbestos face an increased risk of developing mesothelioma. […] Cases of mesothelioma have also been seen in individuals without occupational asbestos exposure who live close to asbestos mines. […] Although all forms of asbestos are considered hazardous, different types of asbestos fibers may be associated with different health risks. […] For example, the results of several studies suggest that amphibole forms of asbestos may be more harmful than chrysotile, particularly for mesothelioma risk, because they tend to stay in the lungs for a longer period of time.

• #16 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #17 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that develops when asbestos fibers cause scarring in your lungs. […] Many cases originate from workplace exposure to asbestos before federal laws regulating it were enacted in the mid-1970s. […] When you inhale asbestos fibers, they can become embedded in your lungs and lead to the formation of scar tissue. This scarring is known as asbestosis. […] You may face a higher risk for developing the disease if you worked in an industry associated with asbestos before federal laws to regulate exposure were put into place. […] Asbestos is still used in certain industries, but its closely monitored by the government through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). […] You also face a much higher chance of developing asbestosis and other related diseases if you smoke. […] Factors that affect the severity of the disease include how long you were exposed to asbestos and how much of it you inhaled.

• #18 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Treatment

  https://www.shekhawatihospital.com/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung condition caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers, which can lead to scarring of the lung tissue. This debilitating disease typically develops over many years, often decades, after initial exposure to asbestos-containing materials commonly found in construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. […] The primary causes and risk factors associated with asbestosis include: Occupational Exposure: People who work in industries where asbestos is used or mined are at the highest risk of developing asbestosis. These industries include construction, shipbuilding, mining, manufacturing, and asbestos removal. […] Duration of Exposure: The risk of developing asbestosis is directly related to the duration and intensity of exposure to asbestos fibers. Long-term or repeated exposure over many years significantly increases the risk of developing the condition.

• #19 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Treatment

  https://www.shekhawatihospital.com/asbestosis/

  Type of Asbestos: Different types of asbestos fibers exist, including chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite. While all types can cause health problems, amphibole fibers like amosite and crocidolite are considered more hazardous and have been associated with a higher risk of developing asbestosis compared to chrysotile fibers. […] Smoking: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of developing asbestosis in individuals exposed to asbestos fibers. Smoking weakens the lungs and impairs their ability to clear asbestos fibers, exacerbating the damage caused by asbestos exposure. […] Other Factors: Factors such as age, genetic predisposition, and pre-existing lung conditions may also influence an individual’s susceptibility to developing asbestosis.

• #20 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #21 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #22 Causes of Mesothelioma – The Lanier Law Firm

  https://www.lanierlawfirm.com/mesothelioma/cancer/causes/

  Some researchers have identified the following risk factors as potential causes of mesothelioma in the absence of asbestos exposure: The SV-40 virus, Ionizing radiation, The BAP-1 Germline Mutation, Unclassified asbestiform minerals. […] The BAP-1 germline mutation is also known as the cancer gene, and it makes some families especially susceptible to developing a variety of cancers, including mesothelioma. […] However, susceptibility does not equal causation. According to the Annals of Translational Medicine, the development of mesothelioma in people with the BAP-1 germline mutation requires at least some asbestos exposure, even if it is a very small amount. […] While scientists have not ruled out the possibility that ionizing radiation may cause mesothelioma without asbestos exposure, they also have not identified sufficient data to conclude that it does.

• #23 Asbestos Exposure | Asbestosis Causes & How to Avoid

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/asbestosis/causes

  Asbestosis is a lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. […] The use of asbestos in most products has been banned in the United States and the Western world, but not in developing countries. […] Examples of jobs associated with asbestos exposure in the past: Asbestos miners/millers, Asbestos abatement workers, Automobile repair workers, Construction workers, Demolition workers, Electricians, Glass workers, Insulators, Laborers, Petroleum refinery workers, Plumbers, Railroad workers, Roofers, Sheet metal workers.

• #24 Asbestos – Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/asbestos/index.asp

  Exposure to asbestos can be a serious health risk if asbestos-containing material is disturbed in such a way that the particles and fibers become airborne. Symptoms of asbestos-related diseases, such as shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain, often do not appear until 20 to 50 years after the exposure. […] Veterans who served in any of the following occupations may have been exposed to asbestos: mining, milling, shipyard work, insulation work, demolition of old buildings, carpentry and construction, manufacturing and installation of products such as flooring and roofing. […] Breathing asbestos mainly causes problems in the lungs and the membrane that surrounds the lungs, including: Asbestosis: Scarring of lung tissue that causes breathing problems, usually in workers exposed to asbestos in workplaces before the Federal government began regulating asbestos use (mid-1970s).

• #25 Asbestosis

  https://www.svhlunghealth.com.au/conditions/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is caused by long-term exposure to asbestos. Usually, people need to inhale asbestos over many years. Still, even a small amount of exposure to asbestos is not safe. […] People who are at risk of asbestosis are: Asbestos miners, Builders who have worked with asbestos especially those involved in fire-proofing, pipe lagging, insulation, roofing, Relatives of asbestos workers people can be exposed to asbestos through coming into contact with asbestos brought home e.g. wives washing overalls, Shipyard, wharf and power station workers.

• #26 What is asbestosis? | Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis

  https://www.actionpf.org/information-support/what-is-asbestosis

  Asbestosis usually develops many years after exposure to asbestos – a group of naturally occurring minerals. […] The risk of developing asbestosis is related to the duration and extent of your exposure to asbestos. […] People who have handled asbestos at work are at higher risk of developing the condition, such as carpenters, plumbers, electricians, laggers or boiler makers, dock workers and ship building, asbestos miners, builders and painters. […] Second hand exposure is possible for household members of exposed workers, as asbestos fibres may be carried home on clothing.

• #27 Veteran Asbestosis Causes – Health Risks and Legal Help

  https://www.mesotheliomavets.com/asbestosis/causes/

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers over an extended period. Exposure to asbestos occurs in occupational settings like construction, shipbuilding, or manufacturing, and environmentally in areas with asbestos-containing materials like old buildings, insulation, or natural deposits. […] Asbestosis is an irreversible lung disease caused by repeated exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring carcinogen. The asbestosis causes stem from military service and working in industries involving asbestos products. […] The likelihood of developing asbestos-related diseases increases with the intensity and duration of exposure. Veterans who served in the Navy or worked in shipyards may have faced exposure to toxins, including asbestos, due to the widespread use of asbestos-containing materials in naval vessels until the 1970s. […] Asbestosis is just one of several diseases associated with asbestos exposure in the military. Other significant health conditions linked to asbestos exposure include mesothelioma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

• #28 Mesothelioma Causes, Symptoms & Risk Factors | Mesothelioma Guide

  https://www.mesotheliomaguide.com/mesothelioma/causes/

  Asbestos exposure is the only cause of mesothelioma and the most important risk factor for the cancer. […] Risk factors around asbestos exposure include: occupation, military service and spouses or parents occupation. […] The other risk factors around being diagnosed are age and gender, as most cases involve elderly males. […] Asbestos causes cancer by irritating healthy cells. The fibers disrupt the cells DNA and cause them to mutate. […] Asbestos and cancer are linked because asbestos is a carcinogen. […] Age and gender are two of the primary mesothelioma risk factors. Mesothelioma most often affects elderly people (ages 60 and older) and men. […] Veterans are exposed to asbestos and develop mesothelioma more than any group. Between one-third and half of mesothelioma patients are military veterans, mostly of the Navy.

• #29 Asbestosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that occurs from breathing in asbestos fibers. […] Breathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally. […] Asbestos exposure occurs in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. Household members of asbestos workers can also be exposed from asbestos particles brought home on the worker’s clothing. […] Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases. […] Outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to and how long you were exposed.

• #30 Learn About Asbestosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis/learn-about-asbestosis

  Inhaling large amounts of asbestos fibers or its dust over a long period of time can produce scarring of lung tissue. This scarring is called asbestosis. […] Exposure to high levels of asbestos fibers is what causes asbestosis to develop. The airborne fibers and dust can become trapped in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lung at the end of the airways), where they irritate and scar the lung tissue. […] Since asbestosis is a progressive disease (meaning it gets worse over time), symptoms may not develop for up to 20 years after exposure. By this time the asbestos has significantly scarred the lung tissue, making it stiff and unable to expand normally. […] Smoking can increase the amount of damage done by asbestos and speed up the progression of the disease.

• #31 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  The presence of 1 asbestos body/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is deemed to represent significant asbestos exposure. […] As demonstrated in a North American cohort of insulators, asbestosis in addition to asbestos and synergistically with smoking increased lung cancer mortality with rate ratio of 7.40 (95% CI 4.013.7) among nonsmokers and 36.8 (95% CI 30.145.0) among smokers.

• #32 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that develops when asbestos fibers cause scarring in your lungs. […] Many cases originate from workplace exposure to asbestos before federal laws regulating it were enacted in the mid-1970s. […] When you inhale asbestos fibers, they can become embedded in your lungs and lead to the formation of scar tissue. This scarring is known as asbestosis. […] You may face a higher risk for developing the disease if you worked in an industry associated with asbestos before federal laws to regulate exposure were put into place. […] Asbestos is still used in certain industries, but its closely monitored by the government through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). […] You also face a much higher chance of developing asbestosis and other related diseases if you smoke. […] Factors that affect the severity of the disease include how long you were exposed to asbestos and how much of it you inhaled.

• #33 Asbestosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000118.htm

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that occurs from breathing in asbestos fibers. […] Breathing in asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue (fibrosis) to form inside the lung. Scarred lung tissue does not expand and contract normally. […] How severe the disease is depends on: How long the person was exposed to asbestos, The amount that was breathed in, The type of fibers breathed in. […] Asbestos exposure occurs in asbestos mining and milling, construction, fireproofing, and other industries. […] Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases. […] Outcome depends on the amount of asbestos you were exposed to and how long you were exposed.

• #34 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  The presence of 1 asbestos body/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is deemed to represent significant asbestos exposure. […] As demonstrated in a North American cohort of insulators, asbestosis in addition to asbestos and synergistically with smoking increased lung cancer mortality with rate ratio of 7.40 (95% CI 4.013.7) among nonsmokers and 36.8 (95% CI 30.145.0) among smokers.

• #35 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  Nonoccupational asbestos-related disease has been reported, such as among individuals with regular exposure to the clothes of asbestos workers and in individuals with environmental exposures to industrial sources as in Libby, Montana. […] Inhaled asbestos fibers deposited at the level of the respiratory bronchiole and alveolar duct bifurcations exert a direct deleterious effect on the lung. […] Gene environment interactions might further influence the development of the disease. […] A strong exposure history in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT is sufficient for diagnosis. […] Whereas histopathologic findings in advanced asbestosis may resemble UIP, early asbestosis features may reveal only disease centered around the bronchioles. […] An individual with a strong history of exposure in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT does not require histopathologic confirmation.

• #36 Asbestos and Cancer Risk | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/asbestos.html

  Asbestos exposure is also a concern in older buildings. If building materials that contain asbestos (like older insulation and ceiling and floor tiles) begin to break down over time, asbestos fibers can be found in indoor air and may pose a health threat. […] The major health problem caused by asbestos exposure, aside from cancer, is a lung disease called asbestosis. When a person breathes high levels of asbestos over time, some of the fibers can lodge deep in the lungs. Irritation caused by the fibers can eventually lead to scarring (fibrosis) in the lungs. This can make it hard to breathe. The main symptoms of asbestosis are shortness of breath and a chronic cough. […] Evidence from studies in both people and lab animals has shown that asbestos can increase the risk for some types of cancer.

• #37 Asbestosis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/lungs-and-airways/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic (long-term) lung condition caused by exposure to asbestos. […] When the dust is breathed in, the asbestos fibres enter the lungs and can damage them over time. However, its not the only factor, as many people avoid getting asbestosis, despite heavy exposure. […] Your GP may ask about your work history, particularly about possible exposure to asbestos. […] The specialist will also consider other possible causes of lung inflammation and scarring. […] There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed. Its not possible to reverse the damage to the lungs. […] Large amounts of asbestos are still found in many older buildings. You should take precautions if you live or work in a building that may contain asbestos.

• #38

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

• #39 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Despite the association with ANA seropositivity, there is no clear link between asbestos exposure and the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. […] As noted earlier, exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The risk of uncontrolled removal of sprayed-on asbestos was highlighted in a study of two workers, in whom the presence and persistence of asbestos fibers and bodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was noted even after several months. […] A higher risk of lung carcinoma has been found in patients with asbestosis. Specifically, asbestos exposure raises the risk for bronchogenic carcinoma.

• #40 Mesothelioma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mesothelioma/symptoms-causes/syc-20375022

  It’s not always clear what causes mesothelioma. Experts believe that being around asbestos causes many mesotheliomas. But not everyone with mesothelioma has been around asbestos. Exactly what causes the cancer may not be known. […] Being around asbestos is the biggest risk factor for mesothelioma. Asbestos is a natural mineral. Asbestos fibers are strong, and they resist heat. This makes them useful in many ways. Asbestos gets used in insulation, brakes, shingles, flooring and many other products. […] Experts don’t know the exact way asbestos causes mesothelioma. It can take 15 to 40 years or more to get mesothelioma after being exposed to asbestos. […] Most people who have been around asbestos don’t get mesothelioma. So other factors may be involved. For instance, it could run in families, or some other condition could raise the risk.

• #41 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #42 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  Generally, those who develop asbestos-related diseases show no signs of illness for a long time after exposure. It can take from 10 to 40 years or more for symptoms of an asbestos-related condition to appear. […] There is some evidence that family members of workers heavily exposed to asbestos face an increased risk of developing mesothelioma. […] Cases of mesothelioma have also been seen in individuals without occupational asbestos exposure who live close to asbestos mines. […] Although all forms of asbestos are considered hazardous, different types of asbestos fibers may be associated with different health risks. […] For example, the results of several studies suggest that amphibole forms of asbestos may be more harmful than chrysotile, particularly for mesothelioma risk, because they tend to stay in the lungs for a longer period of time.

• #43 Asbestos – Cancer-Causing Substances – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos

  Asbestos is the name given to a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that are resistant to heat and corrosion. […] When asbestos fibers are breathed in, they may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. Over time, accumulated asbestos fibers can cause tissue inflammation and scarring, which can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems. […] People who become ill from asbestos usually have been exposed to it on a regular basis, most often in a job where they have worked directly with the material or through substantial environmental contact. […] Most heavy exposures to asbestos occurred in the past. The heaviest exposures today tend to occur in the construction industry and in ship repair, particularly during the removal of asbestos-containing materials due to renovation, repairs, or demolition.

• #44 Asbestos-Related Diseases | Lung Cancer, Mesothelioma, and Asbestosis

  https://www.lungcancergroup.com/asbestos/diseases/

  Also called diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, asbestosis is a chronic respiratory disease caused by breathing in asbestos fibers. […] It causes severe lung damage. […] Over time, the lungs become irritated and stiff, making breathing difficult and painful. […] Severe cases of asbestosis cause the lungs and heart to fail, according to the Center for Asbestos-Related Diseases in Libby, Montana. […] Four of the most notable asbestos-related diseases are mesothelioma, lung cancer, pleural plaques, and asbestosis. […] All of these diseases can be life-threatening without prompt medical treatment, except for pleural plaques which are harmless. […] Stray asbestos fibers can get lodged in the lungs and other body parts when people inhale them. […] This can eventually cause healthy cells to become cancerous or lead to long-term but benign health problems like asbestosis. […] Yes. All types of asbestos — including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, crocidolite, amphibole, and chrysotile asbestos – are carcinogenic, or cancer-causing. […] There is no safe level of exposure to any type of asbestos.

• #45 Mesothelioma Causes | How Asbestos Causes Mesothelioma

  https://www.mesotheliomaveterans.org/mesothelioma/causes/

  Asbestos exposure is the only proven cause of malignant mesothelioma. […] Inhaling or ingesting asbestos fibers is the only known cause of mesothelioma cancer. […] Asbestos fibers are like tiny needles that bore deep into body tissues where they are not easily dislodged or coughed out. Over time, asbestos fibers cause inflammation and scarring of body tissues. Prolonged irritation may eventually change the DNA of nearby cells, resulting in cancer. […] Once asbestos fibers enter the body, they can remain there for decades before mesothelioma develops. […] All types of asbestos are considered human carcinogens by the World Health Organization, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. […] Asbestos is the only proven cause of mesothelioma. […] There is no safe level of asbestos exposure. Any amount of asbestos exposure has the potential to cause mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases.

• #46

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] There is also clear scientific evidence that asbestos causes chronic respiratory diseases such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), and other adverse effects on the lungs. […] Due to the widespread uses of asbestos, and therefore high numbers of people potentially exposed to this material, asbestos has been estimated to cause deaths and ill health in large numbers of people every year. […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016).

• #47 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Treatment

  https://www.shekhawatihospital.com/asbestosis/

  Type of Asbestos: Different types of asbestos fibers exist, including chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite. While all types can cause health problems, amphibole fibers like amosite and crocidolite are considered more hazardous and have been associated with a higher risk of developing asbestosis compared to chrysotile fibers. […] Smoking: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of developing asbestosis in individuals exposed to asbestos fibers. Smoking weakens the lungs and impairs their ability to clear asbestos fibers, exacerbating the damage caused by asbestos exposure. […] Other Factors: Factors such as age, genetic predisposition, and pre-existing lung conditions may also influence an individual’s susceptibility to developing asbestosis.

• #48 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  Generally, those who develop asbestos-related diseases show no signs of illness for a long time after exposure. It can take from 10 to 40 years or more for symptoms of an asbestos-related condition to appear. […] There is some evidence that family members of workers heavily exposed to asbestos face an increased risk of developing mesothelioma. […] Cases of mesothelioma have also been seen in individuals without occupational asbestos exposure who live close to asbestos mines. […] Although all forms of asbestos are considered hazardous, different types of asbestos fibers may be associated with different health risks. […] For example, the results of several studies suggest that amphibole forms of asbestos may be more harmful than chrysotile, particularly for mesothelioma risk, because they tend to stay in the lungs for a longer period of time.

• #49 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Asbestosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which were widely used in construction, shipping, and aerospace industries due to their durability and heat resistance. […] Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] There are 3 main forms of asbestos exposure. Direct work-related environmental exposure is common among those who work at shipyards and in mining and aerospace industries. Bystander exposure is the second form commonly seen in professionals like electricians, masons, and painters. The third and most common form of asbestos exposure is general community exposure, such as using asbestos for road surfaces, playground material, landfills, and chemical paints. The disease is dose-dependent; exposure is higher in the first group and lower in the second and third forms of exposure. Also, the amphibole variety’s disease risk is higher than the serpentine asbestosis fibers. […] The severity of asbestos-related pulmonary fibrosis is related to the total dose of exposure.

• #50 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Asbestosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which were widely used in construction, shipping, and aerospace industries due to their durability and heat resistance. […] Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] There are 3 main forms of asbestos exposure. Direct work-related environmental exposure is common among those who work at shipyards and in mining and aerospace industries. Bystander exposure is the second form commonly seen in professionals like electricians, masons, and painters. The third and most common form of asbestos exposure is general community exposure, such as using asbestos for road surfaces, playground material, landfills, and chemical paints. The disease is dose-dependent; exposure is higher in the first group and lower in the second and third forms of exposure. Also, the amphibole variety’s disease risk is higher than the serpentine asbestosis fibers. […] The severity of asbestos-related pulmonary fibrosis is related to the total dose of exposure.

• #51 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestosis is a process of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resulting from exposure to asbestos dust. […] Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The development of asbestosis is dose-dependent, with symptoms typically appearing only after a latent period of 20 years or longer. After intense exposure, however, the latency period may be shorter. […] The incidence of asbestosis varies with the cumulative dose of inhaled fibers; the greater the cumulative dose, the higher the incidence of asbestosis. […] All types of asbestos fibers are fibrogenic to the lungs. […] Individuals probably vary in their susceptibility to asbestosis on the basis of differences in respiratory clearance and other unidentified host factors.

• #52 Asbestosis Overview: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.asbestos.com/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. […] Asbestosis is a serious lung disease caused by asbestos exposure that results in lung scarring. Inhaled asbestos fibers cause inflammation and prevent the immune system from working properly. This can lead to scar tissue called pulmonary fibrosis forming in the lungs. […] The only cause of asbestosis is asbestos exposure. Asbestosis is a form of pneumoconiosis, which is a condition caused by the inhalation of different types of dust. […] Inhaling asbestos fibers causes them to accumulate in the lungs. This leads to inflammation and fibrous changes in lung tissue over time. Scarring develops and tissue movement becomes limited. […] An asbestos-related illness usually develops after years of regular exposure. The latency period from exposure to symptoms and diagnosis can be decades. Asbestosis has a shorter latency period of 20 to 30 years compared to asbestos-related cancers, which average 20 to 50 years.

• #53 Learn About Asbestosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis/learn-about-asbestosis

  Inhaling large amounts of asbestos fibers or its dust over a long period of time can produce scarring of lung tissue. This scarring is called asbestosis. […] Exposure to high levels of asbestos fibers is what causes asbestosis to develop. The airborne fibers and dust can become trapped in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lung at the end of the airways), where they irritate and scar the lung tissue. […] Since asbestosis is a progressive disease (meaning it gets worse over time), symptoms may not develop for up to 20 years after exposure. By this time the asbestos has significantly scarred the lung tissue, making it stiff and unable to expand normally. […] Smoking can increase the amount of damage done by asbestos and speed up the progression of the disease.

• #54 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  In fact, it is thought that most mesotheliomas are due to asbestos exposure. […] Asbestos exposure may also increase the risk of asbestosis (an inflammatory condition affecting the lungs that can cause shortness of breath, coughing, and permanent lung damage) and other nonmalignant lung and pleural disorders, including pleural plaques (changes in the membranes surrounding the lung), pleural thickening, and benign pleural effusions (abnormal collections of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lungs and the wall of the chest cavity). […] Although pleural plaques are not precursors to lung cancer, evidence suggests that people with pleural disease caused by exposure to asbestos may be at increased risk for lung cancer. […] Although it is clear that the health risks from asbestos exposure increase with heavier exposure and longer exposure time, investigators have found asbestos-related diseases in individuals with only brief exposures.

• #55 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that develops when asbestos fibers cause scarring in your lungs. […] Many cases originate from workplace exposure to asbestos before federal laws regulating it were enacted in the mid-1970s. […] When you inhale asbestos fibers, they can become embedded in your lungs and lead to the formation of scar tissue. This scarring is known as asbestosis. […] You may face a higher risk for developing the disease if you worked in an industry associated with asbestos before federal laws to regulate exposure were put into place. […] Asbestos is still used in certain industries, but its closely monitored by the government through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). […] You also face a much higher chance of developing asbestosis and other related diseases if you smoke. […] Factors that affect the severity of the disease include how long you were exposed to asbestos and how much of it you inhaled.

• #56 What Is Asbestosis? | Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://www.mesotheliomahope.com/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos. The only known cause of asbestosis is asbestos exposure. The fibers then cause long-term inflammation and scarring, which hardens the lung tissues and may lead to asbestosis after several decades. […] Asbestosis typically develops 10-50 years after asbestos exposure, so many are just developing this illness now.

• #57 Learn About Asbestosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis/learn-about-asbestosis

  Inhaling large amounts of asbestos fibers or its dust over a long period of time can produce scarring of lung tissue. This scarring is called asbestosis. […] Exposure to high levels of asbestos fibers is what causes asbestosis to develop. The airborne fibers and dust can become trapped in the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lung at the end of the airways), where they irritate and scar the lung tissue. […] Since asbestosis is a progressive disease (meaning it gets worse over time), symptoms may not develop for up to 20 years after exposure. By this time the asbestos has significantly scarred the lung tissue, making it stiff and unable to expand normally. […] Smoking can increase the amount of damage done by asbestos and speed up the progression of the disease.

• #58 Asbestos Toxicity: What Respiratory Conditions Are Associated with Asbestos? | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_atsdr_cdc_gov/csem/asbestos/respiratory_conditions_associated_with_asbestos.html

  Asbestosis is a diffuse interstitial fibrosis of lung tissue resulting from inhalation of asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers inhaled deep into the lung become lodged in the tissue, eventually resulting in diffuse alveolar and interstitial fibrosis. The fibrosis usually first occurs in the respiratory bronchioles, particularly in the subpleural portions of the lower lobes. The fibrosis can progress to include the alveolar walls. Fibrosis tends to progress even after exposure ceases. […] Asbestosis has no unique pathognomonic signs or symptoms, but diagnosis is made by the constellation of clinical, functional, and radiographic findings as outlined by the American Thoracic Society. These criteria include sufficient history of exposure to asbestos, appearance of disease with a consistent time interval from first exposure, clinical picture such as insidious onset of dyspnea on exertion, bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles not cleared by coughing, functional tests showing restrictive (occasionally obstructive) pattern with reduced diffusing capacity, characteristic radiographic appearance, and exclusion of other causes of interstitial fibrosis or obstructive disease such as usual interstitial pneumonia, connective tissue disease, drug-related fibrosis. […] Asbestosis develops in around 50% of adults with occupational asbestos exposure. […] The presence of asbestosis is an indicator of high-level asbestos exposure, but lung cancer can occur without asbestosis.

• #59 Asbestosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/asbestosis?lang=us

  Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fiber inhalation. […] Asbestosis typically occurs 10-15 years following the commencement of exposure to asbestos and is dose related. […] Heavy asbestos exposure is predominantly encountered among men, as most exposures are occupational in the setting of construction, mining, or ship/automotive industries. […] There is, unfortunately, no proven treatment for asbestosis, and although termination of exposure is, of course, essential, it is usually far too late as many years have invariably already elapsed. […] Progression of disease is variable and appears related to the degree of exposure. Some patients remain stable for many years whereas other progress to end-stage pulmonary fibrosis rapidly. […] Causes of death include respiratory failure, cor pulmonale, and asbestos-related malignancy such as lung cancer and mesothelioma.

• #60 Asbestosis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116055/3.2/Asbestosis

  Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers often through environmental or occupational exposure. […] Exposure occurs when environments and materials containing asbestos fibers are disturbed and released into the air. […] Inhalation of asbestos fibers is thought to result in asbestosis when inhaled particles are retained within the pulmonary system. […] Activation of various immune mediators occurs to address retained fibers and results in inflammation. […] Ongoing inflammation leads to breakdown of normal cellular structure(s). […] Fibroblast proliferation and remodeling ultimately result in fibrosis. […] The disease can continue to progress even if exposure is not ongoing. […] The effects of asbestos inhalation are dependent on cumulative dose, time since exposure, and the type of asbestos fibers inhaled. […] Asbestosis increases lung cancer risk and, with smoking, has an additive effect.

• #61 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis occurs when some airborne fibers from prolonged exposure to high quantities of asbestos dust lodge in your alveoli, the tiny sacs in your lungs where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in your blood. The irritation caused by the asbestos fibers makes the lung tissue inflexible. This makes breathing challenging. […] Scarring of lung tissue increases as asbestosis worsens. Your lung tissue eventually stiffens so that it cannot contract and expand correctly. […] Smoking frequently causes the disease to advance more quickly and enhances the retention of asbestos fibers in the lungs.

• #62 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis occurs when some airborne fibers from prolonged exposure to high quantities of asbestos dust lodge in your alveoli, the tiny sacs in your lungs where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in your blood. The irritation caused by the asbestos fibers makes the lung tissue inflexible. This makes breathing challenging. […] Scarring of lung tissue increases as asbestosis worsens. Your lung tissue eventually stiffens so that it cannot contract and expand correctly. […] Smoking frequently causes the disease to advance more quickly and enhances the retention of asbestos fibers in the lungs.

• #63 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Despite the association with ANA seropositivity, there is no clear link between asbestos exposure and the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. […] As noted earlier, exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The risk of uncontrolled removal of sprayed-on asbestos was highlighted in a study of two workers, in whom the presence and persistence of asbestos fibers and bodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was noted even after several months. […] A higher risk of lung carcinoma has been found in patients with asbestosis. Specifically, asbestos exposure raises the risk for bronchogenic carcinoma.

• #64 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Some studies have found that asbestos exposure alone, without a smoking history, increases the risk of lung carcinoma sixfold. […] Asbestosis may coexist with other asbestos-related diseases, including calcified and noncalcified pleural plaques, pleural thickening, benign exudative pleural effusion, rounded atelectasis, and malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.

• #65 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  The presence of 1 asbestos body/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is deemed to represent significant asbestos exposure. […] As demonstrated in a North American cohort of insulators, asbestosis in addition to asbestos and synergistically with smoking increased lung cancer mortality with rate ratio of 7.40 (95% CI 4.013.7) among nonsmokers and 36.8 (95% CI 30.145.0) among smokers.

• #66 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and…

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/226

  All 4 major histological types (squamous, adeno-, large-cell and small-cell carcinoma) can be related to asbestos. […] The relative risk of lung cancer is estimated to increase 0.54% for each fiber per cubic centimeter per year (fiber-years) of cumulative exposure. […] The presence of asbestosis is an indicator of high exposure. […] Asbestosis may also contribute some additional risk of lung cancer beyond that conferred by asbestos exposure alone. […] A minimum lag-time of 10 years from the first asbestos exposure is required to attribute the lung cancer to asbestos. […] At very low levels of asbestos exposure, the risk of lung cancer appears to be undetectably low. […] Although tobacco smoking affects the total lung cancer risk, this effect does not detract from the risk of lung cancer attributable to asbestos exposure.

• #67 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  The presence of 1 asbestos body/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is deemed to represent significant asbestos exposure. […] As demonstrated in a North American cohort of insulators, asbestosis in addition to asbestos and synergistically with smoking increased lung cancer mortality with rate ratio of 7.40 (95% CI 4.013.7) among nonsmokers and 36.8 (95% CI 30.145.0) among smokers.

• #68 Asbestos – Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/asbestos/index.asp

  The two types of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos are lung cancer and mesothelioma, a cancer of the thin lining surrounding the lung (pleural membrane) or abdominal cavity (the peritoneum). Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer usually caused by asbestos exposure. […] Veterans may file a claim for disability compensation for health problems they believe are related to exposure to asbestos during military service. VA decides these claims on a case-by-case basis.

• #69 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  People may be exposed to asbestos in their workplace, their communities, or their homes. […] When asbestos fibers are breathed in, they may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. Over time, these fibers can accumulate and cause scarring and inflammation, which can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems. […] Asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). […] According to IARC, there is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes mesothelioma (a relatively rare cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen), and cancers of the lung, larynx, and ovary.

• #70 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and…

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/226

  There is evidence that rare cases of asbestosis occur without significant numbers of asbestos bodies. […] Fibro-inflammatory patterns other than conventional asbestosis have also been described for workers with occupational exposure to asbestos, including a pattern resembling desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), the occurrence of granulomatous inflammation, a picture that resembles lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, and organizing pneumonia with bronchiolitis obliterans. […] The great majority of mesotheliomas are due to asbestos exposure. […] Mesothelioma can occur in cases with low asbestos exposure. […] About 80% of mesothelioma patients have had some occupational exposure to asbestos, and therefore a careful occupational and environmental history should be taken. […] A minimum of 10 years from the first exposure is required to attribute the mesothelioma to asbestos exposure, though in most cases the latency interval is longer (eg, on the order of 30 to 40 years).

• #71 Mesothelioma Causes | What Causes Mesothelioma?

  https://www.lungcancergroup.com/mesothelioma/causes/

  Mesothelioma is only caused by asbestos exposure. When asbestos-containing materials are disturbed, they can release microscopic fibers into the air that can be breathed in or swallowed. […] The only known cause of mesothelioma is asbestos. There are no other known mesothelioma causes at this time. […] Asbestos causes mesothelioma by irritating healthy tissue inside the body for decades, leading to mutations that turn normal cells into cancer cells. […] The only known mesothelioma cause is asbestos exposure. Asbestos fibers cause mesothelioma by irritating the linings of internal organs for decades. […] Mesothelioma is caused by asbestos fibers. If the fibers enter the body, they can cause decades of irritation that leads to the development of malignant cells and tumors. […] It’s incredibly rare for children and teenagers to develop mesothelioma, but it has happened. The only known childhood mesothelioma cause is exposure to asbestos.

• #72 Asbestos – Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/asbestos

  Asbestos is well recognized as a health hazard and its use is now highly regulated by both OSHA and EPA. […] Breathing asbestos fibers can cause a buildup of scar-like tissue in the lungs called asbestosis and result in loss of lung function that often progresses to disability and death. […] Asbestos exposures as short in duration as a few days have caused mesothelioma in humans. […] Every occupational exposure to asbestos can cause injury of disease; every occupational exposure to asbestos contributes to the risk of getting an asbestos related disease.

• #73 List of Asbestos-Related Diseases

  https://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/related-diseases/

  Asbestos-related diseases include cancers and noncancerous diseases. Research confirms relationships between asbestos and diseases such as mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. […] Any amount of asbestos exposure can lead to either benign or malignant disease. Not everyone who is exposed to asbestos will become sick, however. Exposure does increase a persons lifelong risk of developing one or more asbestos-related diseases. […] Studies have linked more than a dozen different diseases to asbestos exposure. […] Asbestos exposure can also cause other health problems, such as noncancerous diseases. […] Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease that develops as a result of exposure to asbestos fibers. It leads to scarring and inflammation. […] When inhaled, asbestos fibers can become trapped in the lung tissue or mesothelium, the thin lining of the bodys cavities. These fibers cause irritation and inflammation.

• #74 List of Asbestos-Related Diseases

  https://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/related-diseases/

  As Dr. Marcelo DaSilva, chief of thoracic surgery and medical director at AdventHealth Cancer Institute, tells us, Patients inhale asbestos, which causes chronic inflammation. Those inflammatory changes lead to genetic changes in a cell, changing its DNA to a cancer cell. […] Evidence suggests asbestos may cause gastrointestinal tumors, including bile duct cancer. Benign conditions include asbestosis, pleural effusion, pleural thickening and pleural plaques.

• #75 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Some studies have found that asbestos exposure alone, without a smoking history, increases the risk of lung carcinoma sixfold. […] Asbestosis may coexist with other asbestos-related diseases, including calcified and noncalcified pleural plaques, pleural thickening, benign exudative pleural effusion, rounded atelectasis, and malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.

• #76 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  People may be exposed to asbestos in their workplace, their communities, or their homes. […] When asbestos fibers are breathed in, they may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. Over time, these fibers can accumulate and cause scarring and inflammation, which can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems. […] Asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). […] According to IARC, there is sufficient evidence that asbestos causes mesothelioma (a relatively rare cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen), and cancers of the lung, larynx, and ovary.

• #77 Asbestos and Cancer Risk | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/chemicals/asbestos.html

  Inhalation of asbestos fibers has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer in many studies of asbestos-exposed workers. […] Mesothelioma is closely linked with asbestos exposure. All forms of asbestos have been linked to mesothelioma, although some types appear to cause this cancer with less exposure than others. […] Studies have also found clear links between workplace exposure to asbestos and cancers of the larynx (voice box) and ovaries. […] Tests on several types of rodents, using different methods of exposure, have confirmed that asbestos causes cancer in animals. […] The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies all forms of asbestos as carcinogenic to humans, based on their ability to cause mesothelioma and cancers of the lung, larynx (voice box), and ovaries. […] The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) has classified asbestos as known to be a human carcinogen. […] The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies asbestos as a human carcinogen.

• #78 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Despite the association with ANA seropositivity, there is no clear link between asbestos exposure and the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. […] As noted earlier, exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The risk of uncontrolled removal of sprayed-on asbestos was highlighted in a study of two workers, in whom the presence and persistence of asbestos fibers and bodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was noted even after several months. […] A higher risk of lung carcinoma has been found in patients with asbestosis. Specifically, asbestos exposure raises the risk for bronchogenic carcinoma.

• #79 Asbestos Exposure | Asbestosis Causes & How to Avoid

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/asbestosis/causes

  Asbestosis is a lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. […] The use of asbestos in most products has been banned in the United States and the Western world, but not in developing countries. […] Examples of jobs associated with asbestos exposure in the past: Asbestos miners/millers, Asbestos abatement workers, Automobile repair workers, Construction workers, Demolition workers, Electricians, Glass workers, Insulators, Laborers, Petroleum refinery workers, Plumbers, Railroad workers, Roofers, Sheet metal workers.

• #80 Asbestosis | Symptoms | Causes | Complications | Diagnosis | Treatment

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/respiratory-health/asbestosis

  Since long-term exposure to asbestos has been proven to be life-threatening, several laws have been implemented to regulate a worker’s exposure to asbestos in industries and other workplaces. […] It has been identified that people working in the field of construction and fireproofing jobs have high chances of getting asbestosis when compared to other professionals. […] It has been found that the chances of getting asbestosis are relatively high for people who smoke or have been smoking for at least 3 to 5 years.

• #81 Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a lung disease that develops when asbestos fibers cause scarring in your lungs. […] Many cases originate from workplace exposure to asbestos before federal laws regulating it were enacted in the mid-1970s. […] When you inhale asbestos fibers, they can become embedded in your lungs and lead to the formation of scar tissue. This scarring is known as asbestosis. […] You may face a higher risk for developing the disease if you worked in an industry associated with asbestos before federal laws to regulate exposure were put into place. […] Asbestos is still used in certain industries, but its closely monitored by the government through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). […] You also face a much higher chance of developing asbestosis and other related diseases if you smoke. […] Factors that affect the severity of the disease include how long you were exposed to asbestos and how much of it you inhaled.

• #82 Asbestosis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/lungs-and-airways/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic (long-term) lung condition caused by exposure to asbestos. […] When the dust is breathed in, the asbestos fibres enter the lungs and can damage them over time. However, its not the only factor, as many people avoid getting asbestosis, despite heavy exposure. […] Your GP may ask about your work history, particularly about possible exposure to asbestos. […] The specialist will also consider other possible causes of lung inflammation and scarring. […] There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed. Its not possible to reverse the damage to the lungs. […] Large amounts of asbestos are still found in many older buildings. You should take precautions if you live or work in a building that may contain asbestos.

• #83

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

• #84 Asbestosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/asbestosis?lang=us

  Asbestosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease associated with high levels of asbestos fiber inhalation. […] Asbestosis typically occurs 10-15 years following the commencement of exposure to asbestos and is dose related. […] Heavy asbestos exposure is predominantly encountered among men, as most exposures are occupational in the setting of construction, mining, or ship/automotive industries. […] There is, unfortunately, no proven treatment for asbestosis, and although termination of exposure is, of course, essential, it is usually far too late as many years have invariably already elapsed. […] Progression of disease is variable and appears related to the degree of exposure. Some patients remain stable for many years whereas other progress to end-stage pulmonary fibrosis rapidly. […] Causes of death include respiratory failure, cor pulmonale, and asbestos-related malignancy such as lung cancer and mesothelioma.

• #85 Asbestosis – Lung and Airway Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/environmental-and-occupational-lung-diseases/asbestosis

  Asbestosis is widespread scarring of lung tissue caused by breathing asbestos dust. […] Asbestosis is a form of interstitial lung disease caused by asbestos exposure. The period between exposure to asbestos and disease presentation is usually 20 to 40 years. […] Direct occupational exposure remains the predominant cause of asbestos-related disease. […] Preventive measures include eliminating exposure, asbestos abatement in occupational and nonoccupational settings, and smoking cessation.

• #86 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  Nonoccupational asbestos-related disease has been reported, such as among individuals with regular exposure to the clothes of asbestos workers and in individuals with environmental exposures to industrial sources as in Libby, Montana. […] Inhaled asbestos fibers deposited at the level of the respiratory bronchiole and alveolar duct bifurcations exert a direct deleterious effect on the lung. […] Gene environment interactions might further influence the development of the disease. […] A strong exposure history in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT is sufficient for diagnosis. […] Whereas histopathologic findings in advanced asbestosis may resemble UIP, early asbestosis features may reveal only disease centered around the bronchioles. […] An individual with a strong history of exposure in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT does not require histopathologic confirmation.

• #87 Asbestosis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/lungs-and-airways/asbestosis/

  Asbestosis is a chronic (long-term) lung condition caused by exposure to asbestos. […] When the dust is breathed in, the asbestos fibres enter the lungs and can damage them over time. However, its not the only factor, as many people avoid getting asbestosis, despite heavy exposure. […] Your GP may ask about your work history, particularly about possible exposure to asbestos. […] The specialist will also consider other possible causes of lung inflammation and scarring. […] There is no cure for asbestosis once it has developed. Its not possible to reverse the damage to the lungs. […] Large amounts of asbestos are still found in many older buildings. You should take precautions if you live or work in a building that may contain asbestos.

• #88 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Despite the association with ANA seropositivity, there is no clear link between asbestos exposure and the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. […] As noted earlier, exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The risk of uncontrolled removal of sprayed-on asbestos was highlighted in a study of two workers, in whom the presence and persistence of asbestos fibers and bodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was noted even after several months. […] A higher risk of lung carcinoma has been found in patients with asbestosis. Specifically, asbestos exposure raises the risk for bronchogenic carcinoma.

• #89 Asbestos and your health | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/asbestos-and-your-health

  Asbestos can cause a number of serious diseases. These include cancers, such as mesothelioma and lung cancer, and other non-malignant lung diseases such as asbestosis, pleural plaques and pleural thickening. […] Asbestosis is not cancer. It is a chronic and progressive lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibres over a long period of time. […] Asbestos can cause lung cancer, often many years after exposure. […] The pleura is the tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the surface of the lungs. Asbestos may produce thickened patches on the pleura (pleural plaques) or a widespread fibrosis of the pleura and pleural effusions (fluid in the chest cavity). […] Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that is mainly caused by asbestos. Mesothelioma takes many years to develop, around 20 to 40 years.

• #90 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Despite the association with ANA seropositivity, there is no clear link between asbestos exposure and the development of autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus. […] As noted earlier, exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibers in air in the working environment, ambient air in the vicinity of factories handling asbestos, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing asbestos materials. […] The risk of uncontrolled removal of sprayed-on asbestos was highlighted in a study of two workers, in whom the presence and persistence of asbestos fibers and bodies in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was noted even after several months. […] A higher risk of lung carcinoma has been found in patients with asbestosis. Specifically, asbestos exposure raises the risk for bronchogenic carcinoma.

• #91

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

• #92

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

• #93 Asbestos Exposure and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/asbestos/asbestos-fact-sheet

  In fact, it is thought that most mesotheliomas are due to asbestos exposure. […] Asbestos exposure may also increase the risk of asbestosis (an inflammatory condition affecting the lungs that can cause shortness of breath, coughing, and permanent lung damage) and other nonmalignant lung and pleural disorders, including pleural plaques (changes in the membranes surrounding the lung), pleural thickening, and benign pleural effusions (abnormal collections of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lungs and the wall of the chest cavity). […] Although pleural plaques are not precursors to lung cancer, evidence suggests that people with pleural disease caused by exposure to asbestos may be at increased risk for lung cancer. […] Although it is clear that the health risks from asbestos exposure increase with heavier exposure and longer exposure time, investigators have found asbestos-related diseases in individuals with only brief exposures.

• #94

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] There is also clear scientific evidence that asbestos causes chronic respiratory diseases such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), and other adverse effects on the lungs. […] Due to the widespread uses of asbestos, and therefore high numbers of people potentially exposed to this material, asbestos has been estimated to cause deaths and ill health in large numbers of people every year. […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016).

• #95 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  Nonoccupational asbestos-related disease has been reported, such as among individuals with regular exposure to the clothes of asbestos workers and in individuals with environmental exposures to industrial sources as in Libby, Montana. […] Inhaled asbestos fibers deposited at the level of the respiratory bronchiole and alveolar duct bifurcations exert a direct deleterious effect on the lung. […] Gene environment interactions might further influence the development of the disease. […] A strong exposure history in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT is sufficient for diagnosis. […] Whereas histopathologic findings in advanced asbestosis may resemble UIP, early asbestosis features may reveal only disease centered around the bronchioles. […] An individual with a strong history of exposure in the presence of fibrotic lung disease on HRCT does not require histopathologic confirmation.

• #96 Causes of Mesothelioma – The Lanier Law Firm

  https://www.lanierlawfirm.com/mesothelioma/cancer/causes/

  Some researchers have identified the following risk factors as potential causes of mesothelioma in the absence of asbestos exposure: The SV-40 virus, Ionizing radiation, The BAP-1 Germline Mutation, Unclassified asbestiform minerals. […] The BAP-1 germline mutation is also known as the cancer gene, and it makes some families especially susceptible to developing a variety of cancers, including mesothelioma. […] However, susceptibility does not equal causation. According to the Annals of Translational Medicine, the development of mesothelioma in people with the BAP-1 germline mutation requires at least some asbestos exposure, even if it is a very small amount. […] While scientists have not ruled out the possibility that ionizing radiation may cause mesothelioma without asbestos exposure, they also have not identified sufficient data to conclude that it does.

• #97 Death after asbestos exposure: Correlation is not causation (again) – UK Inquest Law Blog

  https://www.ukinquestlawblog.co.uk/death-after-asbestos-exposure-correlation-is-not-causation-again/

  Although the pulmonary fibrosis of asbestosis is similar to that seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, (which is the principal differential diagnosis). There are important differences between the two diseases. First, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis inflammation is seen, whilst with asbestosis the fibrosis is accompanied by very little inflammation. Second, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis there are characteristic fibroblastic foci that are infrequently seen in asbestosis. Third, asbestosis is almost always accompanied by mild fibrosis of the visceral pleura, a feature that is rare in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. […] The important headline message to all coroners and lawyers (and perhaps non-specialist pathologists too) is that medicine can be very complicated, so step very carefully before coming to conclusions, and even if asbestos fibres are found in the fibrotic lungs of a deceased who dies from a respiratory disease, do remember CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSATION!

• #98 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  The presence of 1 asbestos body/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is deemed to represent significant asbestos exposure. […] As demonstrated in a North American cohort of insulators, asbestosis in addition to asbestos and synergistically with smoking increased lung cancer mortality with rate ratio of 7.40 (95% CI 4.013.7) among nonsmokers and 36.8 (95% CI 30.145.0) among smokers.

• #99

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] There is also clear scientific evidence that asbestos causes chronic respiratory diseases such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), and other adverse effects on the lungs. […] Due to the widespread uses of asbestos, and therefore high numbers of people potentially exposed to this material, asbestos has been estimated to cause deaths and ill health in large numbers of people every year. […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016).

• #100

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

• #101 Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4472384/

  Asbestos exposure can lead to asbestosis, a form of interstitial lung disease often indistinguishable from IPF. […] The WHO estimates that 1.3 million and 125 million workers in the United States and worldwide, respectively, have experienced asbestos exposure during mining or milling or during its use in several industries such as building and construction, shipbuilding and the automotive industry. […] In addition to its association with lung cancer, mesothelioma, small airways disease and pleural disease, asbestos exposure can lead to asbestosis, a form of interstitial lung disease often indistinguishable from IPF. […] Asbestosis increased the risk for lung cancer as demonstrated from a study of 339 North American Insulator workers who died from lung cancer. […] Asbestos exposure traditionally has occurred during mining of fibers or industrial applications such as in shipbuilding or insulation work.

• #102

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Exposure to asbestos fibres also occurs where asbestos-containing products have become degraded, such as during building maintenance and demolition and the disposal of building waste. […] Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Due to the long period which exists between exposure and the development of asbestos-related diseases (long latency period), deaths and ill-health caused by asbestos will continue for many years after a country has banned all uses of this material.

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