Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What is Asbestosis? | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health/asbestosis-and-silicosis/what-is-asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a chronic, fibrotic lung disease. It occurs from long-term inhalation of respirable asbestos fibers. […] Individuals who work in the following industries, but not limited to: Mining and milling asbestos, Construction (using asbestos), Fireproofing and Textile, Paints and Plastics Production, Brake and Clutch Linings Production, Ship breaking and maritime. Others are families of workers in these industries. Individuals exposed to asbestos from nearby asbestos plants are also at risk. […] People exposed to asbestos have an increased chance of developing two types of cancer: lung cancer and mesothelioma. […] Both lung cancer and mesothelioma are usually fatal. These diseases from asbestos may develop 20 to 50 years after exposure. […] Who is responsible for reporting asbestosis to DSHS? Physicians, Health professionals, Laboratory directors, Anyone in charge of a medical laboratory, blood bank, mobile unit, or other facility where an examination reveals evidence of asbestosis.

• #2 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 125 million people worldwide are exposed to asbestos in the workplace, that more than 100,000 people die each year from asbestos-related lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis, and that nearly 400 deaths are attributable to nonoccupational exposure to asbestos. […] According to mortality data from the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 6290 deaths were attributed to asbestosis in the period 1999-2010, of which the majority (95%) were in White males (median age, 79 y). […] A 2024 study using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reported that during the period 1990-2019, the overall number of deaths due to occupational exposure to asbestos increased by 20.2% in the United States, but the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) declined.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016). […] A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Asbestos-related diseases can be prevented, and the most efficient way to prevent them is to stop the use of all forms of asbestos to prevent exposure.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016). […] A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Asbestos-related diseases can be prevented, and the most efficient way to prevent them is to stop the use of all forms of asbestos to prevent exposure.

• #5 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  A 2024 study reported that in 2019, occupational asbestos exposure was responsible for 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. […] According to World Trade Center Health Registry estimates, about 410,000 people were exposed to asbestos when as much as 400 tons of it was released following the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. […] A substantial amount of asbestos remains in buildings and eventually will be removed, either during remediation or renovations or demolition. It has been estimated that approximately 1.3 million workers in construction and general industry may be exposed to asbestos during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containing asbestos. […] In the United States, vermiculite mined in Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with asbestos; this vermiculite was used in 70% of vermiculite insulation in the United States between 1919 and 1990.

• #6 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  The prevalence of the disease is higher in those disciplines where the intensity of exposure is high. Results from a study conducted in Okayama, Japan, among construction workers revealed that those installing asbestos boards have the highest number of cases (39.1%), followed by asbestos sprayers (38.5%). Also, the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the chances of asbestosis. […] In the United Kingdom, insulation workers have the highest risk of asbestosis, followed by those who strip asbestos. […] There is an estimation that asbestosis causes around 55,000 deaths per year globally. […] The latent period for benign disease is shorter than other pulmonary complications. The incidence of pleural effusion is associated with the site of exposure and was found to be 9 cases per 1000 in heavily exposed groups.

• #7 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 125 million people worldwide are exposed to asbestos in the workplace, that more than 100,000 people die each year from asbestos-related lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis, and that nearly 400 deaths are attributable to nonoccupational exposure to asbestos. […] According to mortality data from the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 6290 deaths were attributed to asbestosis in the period 1999-2010, of which the majority (95%) were in White males (median age, 79 y). […] A 2024 study using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reported that during the period 1990-2019, the overall number of deaths due to occupational exposure to asbestos increased by 20.2% in the United States, but the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) declined.

• #8 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 125 million people worldwide are exposed to asbestos in the workplace, that more than 100,000 people die each year from asbestos-related lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis, and that nearly 400 deaths are attributable to nonoccupational exposure to asbestos. […] According to mortality data from the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 6290 deaths were attributed to asbestosis in the period 1999-2010, of which the majority (95%) were in White males (median age, 79 y). […] A 2024 study using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reported that during the period 1990-2019, the overall number of deaths due to occupational exposure to asbestos increased by 20.2% in the United States, but the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) declined.

• #9

  https://fpnotebook.com/Lung/Asbsts/Asbsts1.htm

  Prevalence: 200,000 in U.S. […] Mortality: 2,000 deaths per year in U.S

• #10 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  A 2024 study reported that in 2019, occupational asbestos exposure was responsible for 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. […] According to World Trade Center Health Registry estimates, about 410,000 people were exposed to asbestos when as much as 400 tons of it was released following the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. […] A substantial amount of asbestos remains in buildings and eventually will be removed, either during remediation or renovations or demolition. It has been estimated that approximately 1.3 million workers in construction and general industry may be exposed to asbestos during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containing asbestos. […] In the United States, vermiculite mined in Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with asbestos; this vermiculite was used in 70% of vermiculite insulation in the United States between 1919 and 1990.

• #11 Asbestosis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116055/3.2/Asbestosis

  The physical properties of asbestos made it popular for use in a variety of commercial industries beginning in the early 1900s. […] Widespread use led to occupational and environmental exposure for millions of people around the globe. […] In the United States, an estimated 1.3 million people who work in maintenance and construction are at risk for exposure to asbestos.

• #12 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  A 2024 study reported that in 2019, occupational asbestos exposure was responsible for 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. […] According to World Trade Center Health Registry estimates, about 410,000 people were exposed to asbestos when as much as 400 tons of it was released following the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. […] A substantial amount of asbestos remains in buildings and eventually will be removed, either during remediation or renovations or demolition. It has been estimated that approximately 1.3 million workers in construction and general industry may be exposed to asbestos during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containing asbestos. […] In the United States, vermiculite mined in Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with asbestos; this vermiculite was used in 70% of vermiculite insulation in the United States between 1919 and 1990.

• #13 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  The prevalence of the disease is higher in those disciplines where the intensity of exposure is high. Results from a study conducted in Okayama, Japan, among construction workers revealed that those installing asbestos boards have the highest number of cases (39.1%), followed by asbestos sprayers (38.5%). Also, the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the chances of asbestosis. […] In the United Kingdom, insulation workers have the highest risk of asbestosis, followed by those who strip asbestos. […] There is an estimation that asbestosis causes around 55,000 deaths per year globally. […] The latent period for benign disease is shorter than other pulmonary complications. The incidence of pleural effusion is associated with the site of exposure and was found to be 9 cases per 1000 in heavily exposed groups.

• #14 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  The prevalence of the disease is higher in those disciplines where the intensity of exposure is high. Results from a study conducted in Okayama, Japan, among construction workers revealed that those installing asbestos boards have the highest number of cases (39.1%), followed by asbestos sprayers (38.5%). Also, the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the chances of asbestosis. […] In the United Kingdom, insulation workers have the highest risk of asbestosis, followed by those who strip asbestos. […] There is an estimation that asbestosis causes around 55,000 deaths per year globally. […] The latent period for benign disease is shorter than other pulmonary complications. The incidence of pleural effusion is associated with the site of exposure and was found to be 9 cases per 1000 in heavily exposed groups.

• #15 What is Asbestosis? | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health/asbestosis-and-silicosis/what-is-asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a chronic, fibrotic lung disease. It occurs from long-term inhalation of respirable asbestos fibers. […] Individuals who work in the following industries, but not limited to: Mining and milling asbestos, Construction (using asbestos), Fireproofing and Textile, Paints and Plastics Production, Brake and Clutch Linings Production, Ship breaking and maritime. Others are families of workers in these industries. Individuals exposed to asbestos from nearby asbestos plants are also at risk. […] People exposed to asbestos have an increased chance of developing two types of cancer: lung cancer and mesothelioma. […] Both lung cancer and mesothelioma are usually fatal. These diseases from asbestos may develop 20 to 50 years after exposure. […] Who is responsible for reporting asbestosis to DSHS? Physicians, Health professionals, Laboratory directors, Anyone in charge of a medical laboratory, blood bank, mobile unit, or other facility where an examination reveals evidence of asbestosis.

• #16 What is Asbestosis? | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health/asbestosis-and-silicosis/what-is-asbestosis

  Asbestosis is a chronic, fibrotic lung disease. It occurs from long-term inhalation of respirable asbestos fibers. […] Individuals who work in the following industries, but not limited to: Mining and milling asbestos, Construction (using asbestos), Fireproofing and Textile, Paints and Plastics Production, Brake and Clutch Linings Production, Ship breaking and maritime. Others are families of workers in these industries. Individuals exposed to asbestos from nearby asbestos plants are also at risk. […] People exposed to asbestos have an increased chance of developing two types of cancer: lung cancer and mesothelioma. […] Both lung cancer and mesothelioma are usually fatal. These diseases from asbestos may develop 20 to 50 years after exposure. […] Who is responsible for reporting asbestosis to DSHS? Physicians, Health professionals, Laboratory directors, Anyone in charge of a medical laboratory, blood bank, mobile unit, or other facility where an examination reveals evidence of asbestosis.

• #17

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  All forms of asbestos have been assessed by WHO as being carcinogenic to humans. […] Exposure to asbestos, including chrysotile, causes cancer of the lung, larynx and ovaries, and mesothelioma (a cancer of the pleural and peritoneal linings). […] According to WHO and the International Labour Organization (latest WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), exposure to asbestos at work causes more than 200 000 deaths globally every year (based on estimates for 2016). […] A systematic review from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that studies to date suggest that a substantial proportion of manual workers in the construction industry globally are exposed to asbestos. […] Asbestos-related diseases can be prevented, and the most efficient way to prevent them is to stop the use of all forms of asbestos to prevent exposure.

• #18 Asbestosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/asbestosis?lang=us

  Asbestosis typically occurs 10-15 years following the commencement of exposure to asbestos and is dose related. Heavy asbestos exposure is predominantly encountered among men, as most exposures are occupational in the setting of construction, mining, or ship/automotive industries. […] The presence of pleural plaques is variable.

• #19 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The peak global incidence of asbestos-related disease is expected to occur 30 to 40 years after the period of peak usage (i.e., the 1960s and 1970s). […] The prevalence of asbestosis in the United States is not known, but in 2000, there were an estimated 20,000 hospital discharges with this diagnosis and 2,000 deaths with asbestosis as the underlying or contributing cause, and these numbers are expected to rise through this decade. […] Current recommendations support lifelong surveillance for persons with a significant exposure history or ongoing exposure. […] The American Thoracic Society recommends performing chest radiography and pulmonary function testing every three to five years in patients with disease. […] Screening for asbestos-related disease may be appropriate in persons with a history of significant asbestos exposure; however, screening of the general population is not warranted.

• #20 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The peak global incidence of asbestos-related disease is expected to occur 30 to 40 years after the period of peak usage (i.e., the 1960s and 1970s). […] The prevalence of asbestosis in the United States is not known, but in 2000, there were an estimated 20,000 hospital discharges with this diagnosis and 2,000 deaths with asbestosis as the underlying or contributing cause, and these numbers are expected to rise through this decade. […] Current recommendations support lifelong surveillance for persons with a significant exposure history or ongoing exposure. […] The American Thoracic Society recommends performing chest radiography and pulmonary function testing every three to five years in patients with disease. […] Screening for asbestos-related disease may be appropriate in persons with a history of significant asbestos exposure; however, screening of the general population is not warranted.

• #21 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Although mesothelioma is less prevalent than lung cancer, over 2000 cases per year in the twenty-first century were reported in the United States. The incidence of lung cancer is comparatively higher than that of mesothelioma. The use of asbestos in developed countries has been reduced, but use in developing countries like Nepal and Pakistan is still considerably high.

• #22 Epidemiology of malignant pleural mesothelioma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma

  Epidemiology of malignant pleural mesothelioma […] The annual incidence of mesothelioma in the United States is estimated to be approximately 3300 cases per year. The incidence of mesothelioma in the United States peaked around the year 2000 and is now declining, secondary to control of exposure to asbestos.

• #23 Epidemiology of Asbestosis between 2010–2014 and 2015–2019 Periods in Colombia: Descriptive Study | Annals of Global Health

  https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.5334/aogh.3963

  Asbestosis is a prevalent worldwide problem, but scarce data sourced from developing countries are available. […] We describe the sociodemographic characteristics and patterns in the occurrence of care provided for asbestosis in Colombia during the periods 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 to establish the behavior, trends, and variables associated with concentrations among people attended by asbestosis. […] During the period 2010-2019, 765 people attended by asbestosis were identified; there were 308 people attended by asbestosis between 2010-2014 (cFr: 2.20, 1.96-2.47), and there were 457 people attended by asbestosis between 2015-2019 (cFr: 3.14, 2.92-3.50). […] The cFr increased in the 2015-2019 period (cFr_ratio: 1.23, 1.06-1.43). […] Compared with the 2010-2014 period, the cFr of asbestosis increased in women (cFr_ratio: 1.44, 1.03-2.01), in the Andean (cFr_ratio: 1.61, 1.35-1.95) and Caribbean regions (cFr_ratio: 1.66, 1.21-2.30), in the urban area (cFr_ratio: 1.24, 1.05-1.48), and in the age groups 45-59 years (cFr_ratio: 1.34, 1.00-1.79) and 60 years (cFr_ratio: 1.43, 1.13-1.83).

• #24 Epidemiology of Asbestosis between 2010–2014 and 2015–2019 Periods in Colombia: Descriptive Study | Annals of Global Health

  https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.5334/aogh.3963

  During two five-year periods, the cFr of asbestosis was higher in men; between the first and second five-year periods, it increased significantly, especially in urbanized geographic areas and in populations aged 45 years. […] The estimates possibly reflect the effect of disease latency or the expected impact of public health policies to monitor asbestos exposure and complications. […] This research allowed us to describe the epidemiological situation among people attended by asbestosis in Colombia during the last two five-year periods, as well as trends and patterns grouped by social and demographic characteristics. […] We can conclude that between the five-year periods 2010-2014 and 2015-2019, the frequency among people attended by asbestosis in Colombia increased significantly from 2.2 to 3.14 cases per million people treated in the health system.

• #25 List of Asbestos-Related Diseases

  https://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/related-diseases/

  Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease that develops as a result of exposure to asbestos fibers. […] Asbestos exposure does not directly cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it can raise the risk. COPD may weaken the lungs, making people more susceptible to other asbestos-related diseases. […] Asbestos-related diseases are often latent, meaning they take several years to develop. According to the National Cancer Institute, it may take 20 to 60 years for symptoms of asbestos-related diseases to show. […] If you’ve been exposed to asbestos, it’s important to speak with your doctor. They’ll perform screening tests to identify lung damage and diagnose asbestos-related diseases.

• #26 Medical surveillance and advice on post-asbestos exposure | Asbestos and Silica Safety and Eradication Agency

  https://www.asbestossafety.gov.au/research-publications/medical-surveillance-and-advice-post-asbestos-exposure

  The Asbestos Safety and Eradication Agency (ASEA) commissioned the Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, to undertake a literature review to identify best practice advice for individuals who may have been exposed to asbestos and the benefit of post exposure medical surveillance. […] Most asbestos-related conditions have a long latency period which means that new cases of these diseases continue to occur and are expected to continue for some time into the future. […] The review identifies that clinical surveillance of individuals with a history of high levels of occupational exposure is important to consider, however the risks and benefits associated with ongoing surveillance should be considered in all patients.

• #27 IJERPH | Special Issue : Epidemiological Surveillance Systems of Asbestos-Related Diseases

  https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/special_issues/Epidemiological_Surveillance

  Epidemiological Surveillance Systems of Asbestos-Related Diseases […] The epidemiological surveillance of asbestos-related diseases is a fundamental tool for monitoring the spread of health effects of asbestos use in the past, for identifying unexpected sources of contamination of asbestos in work settings and in the environment, for supporting the insurance systems in providing compensations for occupational diseases efficiently. […] Actually, in a substantial range of countries in which asbestos production, import and use has been banned, there are significant experiences of epidemiological surveillance systems of mesothelioma incident cases or mortality. However, territorial coverage, inclusion criteria, diagnostic methods for coding and classifying cases and the modalities of investigation of asbestos exposure generally differ across countries, and reliable experiences of surveillance in countries still using asbestos are scarce. […] This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of epidemiological surveillance systems of asbestos-related diseases.

• #28 Asbestos | NIOSH | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/default.html

  Occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance (ORDS) NIOSH Topic Page about occupational respiratory disease medical screening and monitoring. […] Atlas of Respiratory Disease Mortality, United States: 1982-1993 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-157 (1998) This report presents maps showing geographic distributions (by health service area) of mortality associated with selected respiratory conditions that together represent nearly all respiratory diseases. For categories of traditional occupational lung diseases mapped in this atlas (i.e., the pneumoconioses, including coal workers pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, byssinosis, and other and unspecified pneumoconioses), nearly all cases are attributable to hazardous occupational exposure. […] Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report 2002 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003-111 (2002) The sixth of a series, the Work-Related Lung Disease (WoRLD) Surveillance Report 2002 provides information on various work-related respiratory diseases and associated exposures in the United States. The WoRLD Surveillance Report 2002 describes where these diseases are occurring (by industry and geographic location), who is affected (by race, gender, age, and occupation), how frequently they occur, and temporal trends.

• #29 Asbestos | NIOSH | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/default.html

  Occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance (ORDS) NIOSH Topic Page about occupational respiratory disease medical screening and monitoring. […] Atlas of Respiratory Disease Mortality, United States: 1982-1993 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-157 (1998) This report presents maps showing geographic distributions (by health service area) of mortality associated with selected respiratory conditions that together represent nearly all respiratory diseases. For categories of traditional occupational lung diseases mapped in this atlas (i.e., the pneumoconioses, including coal workers pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis, byssinosis, and other and unspecified pneumoconioses), nearly all cases are attributable to hazardous occupational exposure. […] Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report 2002 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003-111 (2002) The sixth of a series, the Work-Related Lung Disease (WoRLD) Surveillance Report 2002 provides information on various work-related respiratory diseases and associated exposures in the United States. The WoRLD Surveillance Report 2002 describes where these diseases are occurring (by industry and geographic location), who is affected (by race, gender, age, and occupation), how frequently they occur, and temporal trends.

• #30 Asbestos | NIOSH | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/default.html

  Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report 1999 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2000-105 (1999) This surveillance report presents summary tables and figures of occupational respiratory disease surveillance data focusing on various occupationally-relevant respiratory diseases, including pneumoconioses, occupational asthma and other airway diseases, and several other respiratory conditions. For many of these diseases, selected data on related exposures are also presented. […] Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report 1996 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-134 (1996) This 1996 surveillance report provides national and state-specific summaries of occupational respiratory disease surveillance data focusing on pneumoconiosis mortality. Selected occupational respiratory hazard sampling data relevant to pneumoconiosis are also presented.

• #31 Asbestos | NIOSH | CDC

  https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/niosh/topics/asbestos/default.html

  Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report 1994 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-120 (1994) The 1994 Work-Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report (WoRLD) provides a summary of surveillance data for various occupational respiratory diseases from a variety of sources. The majority of the data in this report is for the time period 1968-1990. […] Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report Supplement 1992 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-113s (1992) Supplement to the first Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report (WoRLD) which presents updated data and data which was previously unpresented including sex, race, geographic distribution, industry and occupation; number of discharges with silicosis or asbestosis from the National Hospital Discharge Survey; and reports of occupational asthma and silicosis from the SENSOR program. […] Work Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-113 (1991) First of a series, this report represents a summary of data for various occupational respiratory diseases divided into figures and tables.

• #32 Asbestosis and Silicosis | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health/asbestosis-and-silicosis

  Since 1986, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) has tracked asbestosis and silicosis in the state of Texas. […] DSHS monitors asbestosis and silicosis using data from: […] The DSHS Occupational Health Surveillance Program uses this data to: […] Texas law requires reporting of specific occupational diseases to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS).

• #33 Occupational Health Surveillance | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health-surveillance

  Since 1986, the Occupational Health Surveillance (OHS) program monitors occupational conditions among the workforce and recommends preventive procedures in the state of Texas. […] The goal of DSHS Occupational Health Surveillance Program is to: Identify disease trends, Recommend preventive actions, and Protect health of workers and communities in Texas. […] Texas law requires reporting of specific occupational diseases to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). […] Asbestosis and Silicosis Surveillance

• #34 Asbestosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/asbestosis

  Asbestos is a well-recognized health hazard, and is highly regulated by the government. […] The more a person is exposed to asbestos fibers, the greater the risk of developing an asbestos-related disease. […] Between 1999 and 2004, there were 3,211 deaths due to asbestosis in the United States. […] All cases of asbestos-related disease are reportable in Iowa as a sub-section of the non-communicable respiratory disease surveillance program, under the definition found in the Iowa Administrative Code [641] Chapter 1: Noncommunicable respiratory illnesses means an illness indicating prolonged exposure or overexposure to asbestos, silica, silicates, aluminum, graphite, bauxite, beryllium, cotton dust or other textile material, or coal dust. […] Mandatory reporting is required of health care providers, clinics, hospitals, clinical laboratories, and other health care facilities; school nurses or school officials; poison control and information centers; medical examiners; occupational nurses.

• #35 Surveillance of asbestos related disease among workers enrolled in an exposure registry – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39400365/

  Surveillance of asbestos related disease among workers enrolled in an exposure registry. The Ontario Asbestos Workers Register (AWR) was established in 1986 to track asbestos exposure among construction workers. This study reports on the risk of asbestos-related diseases (ARD) among workers in the AWR. AWR registrants were linked probabilistically with administrative health databases (1986-2019) to identify cases of ARD including both cancer and chronic respiratory disease. Follow-up began at AWR enrollment and continued prospectively. Incidence rates were compared to the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Associations between ACM exposure and ARD were estimated among AWR registrants using Poisson regression. Asbestosis risk was elevated among men (M:SIR 11.2 [9.59-13.1]). Exposure to asbestos in construction and building maintenance continues to contribute to ARD incidence. The AWR offers an opportunity for ongoing surveillance of resulting ARD in Ontario.

• #36 Occupational Cancer and Asbestosis among Asbestos-Exposed Workers in Ontario – Occupational Cancer Research Centre

  https://www.occupationalcancer.ca/project/occupational-cancer-and-asbestosis-among-asbestos-exposed-workers/

  The purpose of this project was to examine cancer and chronic respiratory disease risk among workers with contemporary asbestos exposure using the Ontario Asbestos Workers Register (AWR). This project also assessed the utility of the AWR data for occupational disease surveillance in Ontario. […] The Ontario Asbestos Workers Register (AWR) was developed in 1986 to monitor exposure to asbestos-containing materials (ACM) so that asbestos-exposed workers could be identified and information on potential health impacts could be provided to both the worker and their primary health care provider. […] While this study demonstrates that the AWR can be used to generate results useful for surveillance and prevention efforts, it was created to benefit the registered workers through improving early detection and secondary prevention.

• #37 SciELO – Public Health – Mesothelioma mortality surveillance and asbestos exposure tracking in Italy Mesothelioma mortality surveillance and asbestos exposure tracking in Italy

  https://www.scielosp.org/article/aiss/2012.v48n3/300-310/

  Mesothelioma mortality surveillance and asbestos exposure tracking in Italy is described. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the geographic distribution in Italy of areas characterized by high mortality due to asbestos-related diseases. The importance of evaluating the distribution lies in the fact that it could contribute to detecting asbestos exposure and establishing priorities for environmental remediation, in the perspective of environmental public health tracking. […] The National Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM), located at the former National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (ISPESL), has existed since 1993, with the remit of estimating the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Italy, investigating the occurrences of asbestos exposure, identifying any possible underrated or unknown source of asbestos contamination and promoting research.

• #38 SciELO – Public Health – Mesothelioma mortality surveillance and asbestos exposure tracking in Italy Mesothelioma mortality surveillance and asbestos exposure tracking in Italy

  https://www.scielosp.org/article/aiss/2012.v48n3/300-310/

  The study of the geographic distribution of pleural mesothelioma in Italy, especially the cluster analysis, has lead to the detection of several areas of the country where the burden of asbestos-related disease is evident. Occupational and environmental asbestos exposures in these areas appear to have consistently been elevated and long-lasting.

• #39 Health surveillance for former asbestos exposed worker: a specific programme developed in an Italian region – Chellini – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/16888/html

  In Tuscany, an organization of public health services devoted to this surveillance was defined, based on the national recommendations, characterized in terms of efficacy, suitability, social utility and economical sustainability. […] The end of the regional health surveillance programme was defined at most in 2024, 30 years after the implementation of the complete asbestos ban in Italy in year 1994, in relation to the subjects enrolment criteria mentioned above. […] The ability to solve the first question rely on several aspects: (I) the knowledge on asbestos exposures of the health professionals, first of all the General Practitioners, who can inform the past asbestos workers; (II) the support of professional associations; (III) the support and communication activity of no-profit association of workers formerly exposed to asbestos and Unions.

• #40 Asbestosis surveillance | Partnership for Work, Health and Safety

  https://pwhs.ubc.ca/research/injury-and-disease-surveillance/asbestosis-surveillance/

  Asbestosis is a progressive fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres. […] It has one of the highest mortality rates of all occupational diseases in BC, and it represents a high financial cost to the compensation system. […] We used accepted workers compensation claims, in-patient hospitalizations, and outpatient visits to physicians to estimate the incidence of asbestosis in the BC population over time and by demographic, occupational, and geographic characteristics. […] No single data source was sufficient to identify all new cases of asbestosis; therefore, the true burden of the disease in BC is likely seriously underestimated. […] In fact, only 3% of the 1,170 new asbestosis cases we identified were recorded in all three data sources.

• #41 Population-based asbestosis surveillance in British Columbia | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/66/11/766

  Objectives: To investigate the use of multiple health data sources for population-based asbestosis surveillance in British Columbia, Canada. […] Results: 1170 new asbestosis cases were identified from 1992 to 2004 for an overall incidence rate of 2.82 (men: 5.48, women: 0.23) per 100000 population; 96% of cases were male and average (SD) age was 69 (10) years. […] Conclusions: Single data sources were not sufficient to identify all new cases, thus leading to serious underestimations of the true burden of asbestosis. Integrating multiple health data sources could provide a more complete picture in population-based surveillance of asbestosis and other occupational diseases.

• #42 Health surveillance for former asbestos exposed worker: a specific programme developed in an Italian region – Chellini – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/16888/html

  In Tuscany, an organization of public health services devoted to this surveillance was defined, based on the national recommendations, characterized in terms of efficacy, suitability, social utility and economical sustainability. […] The end of the regional health surveillance programme was defined at most in 2024, 30 years after the implementation of the complete asbestos ban in Italy in year 1994, in relation to the subjects enrolment criteria mentioned above. […] The ability to solve the first question rely on several aspects: (I) the knowledge on asbestos exposures of the health professionals, first of all the General Practitioners, who can inform the past asbestos workers; (II) the support of professional associations; (III) the support and communication activity of no-profit association of workers formerly exposed to asbestos and Unions.

• #43 What is medical surveillance in relation to licensed asbestos removal?

  https://www.oracleasbestos.com/blog/removals/medical-surveillance-in-asbestos-removal/

  Employers are legally obliged to make sure their employees are under medical surveillance by a doctor appointed by the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), if they work with specific hazards and undertake certain work activities covered by the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (CAR 2012). […] In the case of both licensed and non-licensed asbestos work licensed work, of course, being work for which the contractor needs to hold a licence from the HSE there may be a need for doctors to conduct medical surveillance on workers. Such surveillance would encompass both initial and periodic medical examinations on workers. […] UK law requires that certain medical surveillance measures be implemented in situations where certain hazards such as lead, ionising radiation, or asbestos are presented.

• #44 1910.1001 App H – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1001AppH

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. Te studies have shown a definite association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #45

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5208h.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #46 1915.1001 App I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos, Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.1001AppI

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos have been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limits (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air) for 30 or more days per year and for all employees who are assigned to wear a negative-pressure respirator.

• #47

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/8358i.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #48 Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos – Non-Mandatory | UpCodes

  https://up.codes/s/medical-surveillance-guidelines-for-asbestos-non-mandatory

  Toxicology Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #49 Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 8, div. 1, ch. 4, subch. 18, art. 4, app I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/8-CCR-1-Chapter-4-Subchapter-18-Article-4-app-I

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #50

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5208h.html

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, OSHA requires inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination. […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #51 1915.1001 App I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos, Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.1001AppI

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, OSHA requires inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination. […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #52

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/8358i.html

  The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment, if the employee has not been examined within the past one year period. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #53 Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 8, div. 1, ch. 4, subch. 18, art. 4, app I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/8-CCR-1-Chapter-4-Subchapter-18-Article-4-app-I

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, the following elements in the routine examination are required: […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment, if the employee has not been examined within the past one year period. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #54

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5208h.html

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, OSHA requires inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination. […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #55 1915.1001 App I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos, Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.1001AppI

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, OSHA requires inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination. […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #56

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/8358i.html

  The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment, if the employee has not been examined within the past one year period. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #57 Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 8, div. 1, ch. 4, subch. 18, art. 4, app I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/8-CCR-1-Chapter-4-Subchapter-18-Article-4-app-I

  Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific tests to be included in the medical surveillance program, the following elements in the routine examination are required: […] The employer is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually to those employees covered; more often than specified if recommended by the examining physician; and upon termination of employment, if the employee has not been examined within the past one year period. […] The employer is required to obtain a written opinion from the examining physician containing the results of the medical examination; the physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of exposure-related disease.

• #58 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The peak global incidence of asbestos-related disease is expected to occur 30 to 40 years after the period of peak usage (i.e., the 1960s and 1970s). […] The prevalence of asbestosis in the United States is not known, but in 2000, there were an estimated 20,000 hospital discharges with this diagnosis and 2,000 deaths with asbestosis as the underlying or contributing cause, and these numbers are expected to rise through this decade. […] Current recommendations support lifelong surveillance for persons with a significant exposure history or ongoing exposure. […] The American Thoracic Society recommends performing chest radiography and pulmonary function testing every three to five years in patients with disease. […] Screening for asbestos-related disease may be appropriate in persons with a history of significant asbestos exposure; however, screening of the general population is not warranted.

• #59 Medical surveillance and advice on post-asbestos exposure | Asbestos and Silica Safety and Eradication Agency

  https://www.asbestossafety.gov.au/research-publications/medical-surveillance-and-advice-post-asbestos-exposure

  For clinical as well as medico-legal purposes, workers exposed to asbestos should receive baseline lung function tests. […] Safe Work Australia publish recommendations for medical surveillance for individuals or workers exposed to asbestos. […] The Hazardous Chemicals Requiring Health Monitoring guide prepared by Safe Work Australia provides specific information relating asbestos health monitoring.

• #60 Radiological surveillance of formerly asbestos-exposed power industry workers: rates and risk factors of benign changes on chest X-ray and MDCT | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology | Full Text

  https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6673-9-18

  To determine the prevalence of asbestos-related changes on chest X-ray (CXR) and low-dose multidetector-row CT (MDCT) of the thorax in a cohort of formerly asbestos-exposed power industry workers and to assess the importance of common risk factors associated with specific radiological changes. […] On CXR, pleural changes and asbestosis were strongly associated with age, years since first exposure and exposure duration. The MDCT results showed an association between asbestosis and age and between plaques and exposure duration, years since first exposure and cumulative exposure. […] Participants aged 55 years and older and those with an asbestos exposure of at least 17 years or 28 years since first exposure should be seen as having an increased risk of abnormal radiological findings. […] Statutory accident insurance institutions in Germany are legally required to actively detect clinical symptoms and conditions depending on occupational history, and to compensate asbestos-related diseases of lung, pleura and larynx.

• #61 Radiological surveillance of formerly asbestos-exposed power industry workers: rates and risk factors of benign changes on chest X-ray and MDCT | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology | Full Text

  https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6673-9-18

  Since the 1970s, the insurance institutions have therefore organised standardised surveillance programmes for the early detection of asbestos-related diseases. […] Reliable indicators of asbestos-induced benign parenchymal and pleural changes would be a very useful planning tool for setting up effective and affordable early detection programmes. […] The multiple logistic regression analysis of the CXR results indicated a significant effect of all considered risk factors (cumulative exposure only when comparing the groups with 1 and 25 fibre years) on the outcome changes. […] The ROC analysis results in optimal cut-offs of 55 years for age, 17 years for the exposure time and 38 years for latency to discriminate between patients with and without radiological chances. […] In order to focus health surveillance efforts for asbestos-related changes using CXR in asbestos-exposed workers, those aged 55 years and older should be examined with first priority. Alternatively, or after applying as a second criterion, those with an asbestos exposure of at least 17 years or with at least 28 years since first exposure should be screened.

• #62 Radiological surveillance of formerly asbestos-exposed power industry workers: rates and risk factors of benign changes on chest X-ray and MDCT | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology | Full Text

  https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6673-9-18

  To determine the prevalence of asbestos-related changes on chest X-ray (CXR) and low-dose multidetector-row CT (MDCT) of the thorax in a cohort of formerly asbestos-exposed power industry workers and to assess the importance of common risk factors associated with specific radiological changes. […] On CXR, pleural changes and asbestosis were strongly associated with age, years since first exposure and exposure duration. The MDCT results showed an association between asbestosis and age and between plaques and exposure duration, years since first exposure and cumulative exposure. […] Participants aged 55 years and older and those with an asbestos exposure of at least 17 years or 28 years since first exposure should be seen as having an increased risk of abnormal radiological findings. […] Statutory accident insurance institutions in Germany are legally required to actively detect clinical symptoms and conditions depending on occupational history, and to compensate asbestos-related diseases of lung, pleura and larynx.

• #63 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos — a continuing concern

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/184

  Exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), and various pleural diseases. […] Merler and his colleagues have reviewed the modalities of surveillance and health intervention for asbestos-exposed workers. […] Surveillance and periodic medical examinations have an obvious social role in detecting and monitoring asbestos-associated occupational diseases, albeit their health benefits have not been evaluated. […] An important task in the surveillance of exposed workers is to provide them with adequate information on the health risks of asbestos. […] The surveillance of former asbestos workers and the compensation for asbestos-related cancers remain long-standing social challenges. […] There is a need for continuous education and a more systematic health surveillance of asbestos demolition workers.

• #64 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos — a continuing concern

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/184

  Exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), and various pleural diseases. […] Merler and his colleagues have reviewed the modalities of surveillance and health intervention for asbestos-exposed workers. […] Surveillance and periodic medical examinations have an obvious social role in detecting and monitoring asbestos-associated occupational diseases, albeit their health benefits have not been evaluated. […] An important task in the surveillance of exposed workers is to provide them with adequate information on the health risks of asbestos. […] The surveillance of former asbestos workers and the compensation for asbestos-related cancers remain long-standing social challenges. […] There is a need for continuous education and a more systematic health surveillance of asbestos demolition workers.

• #65 Medical surveillance and advice on post-asbestos exposure | Asbestos and Silica Safety and Eradication Agency

  https://www.asbestossafety.gov.au/research-publications/medical-surveillance-and-advice-post-asbestos-exposure

  The Asbestos Safety and Eradication Agency (ASEA) commissioned the Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, to undertake a literature review to identify best practice advice for individuals who may have been exposed to asbestos and the benefit of post exposure medical surveillance. […] Most asbestos-related conditions have a long latency period which means that new cases of these diseases continue to occur and are expected to continue for some time into the future. […] The review identifies that clinical surveillance of individuals with a history of high levels of occupational exposure is important to consider, however the risks and benefits associated with ongoing surveillance should be considered in all patients.

• #66 Medical surveillance and advice on post-asbestos exposure | Asbestos and Silica Safety and Eradication Agency

  https://www.asbestossafety.gov.au/research-publications/medical-surveillance-and-advice-post-asbestos-exposure

  The Asbestos Safety and Eradication Agency (ASEA) commissioned the Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, to undertake a literature review to identify best practice advice for individuals who may have been exposed to asbestos and the benefit of post exposure medical surveillance. […] Most asbestos-related conditions have a long latency period which means that new cases of these diseases continue to occur and are expected to continue for some time into the future. […] The review identifies that clinical surveillance of individuals with a history of high levels of occupational exposure is important to consider, however the risks and benefits associated with ongoing surveillance should be considered in all patients.

• #67 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The peak global incidence of asbestos-related disease is expected to occur 30 to 40 years after the period of peak usage (i.e., the 1960s and 1970s). […] The prevalence of asbestosis in the United States is not known, but in 2000, there were an estimated 20,000 hospital discharges with this diagnosis and 2,000 deaths with asbestosis as the underlying or contributing cause, and these numbers are expected to rise through this decade. […] Current recommendations support lifelong surveillance for persons with a significant exposure history or ongoing exposure. […] The American Thoracic Society recommends performing chest radiography and pulmonary function testing every three to five years in patients with disease. […] Screening for asbestos-related disease may be appropriate in persons with a history of significant asbestos exposure; however, screening of the general population is not warranted.

• #68 Parenchymal asbestosis can lead to lung cancer within a short time frame: more frequent follow-up surveillance is needed than currently recommended | BMJ Case Reports

  https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2015/bcr-2015-209425

  Parenchymal asbestosis can lead to lung cancer within a short time frame: more frequent follow-up surveillance is needed than currently recommended. […] The critical issue is the frequency of radiological screening among former workers so that lung cancer can be detected early leading to a better prognosis. […] A recent consensus document suggested 35 yearly chest X-rays as a follow-up surveillance for former asbestos-exposed workers. […] The case clearly shows that the suggested frequency of follow-up surveillance is insufficient to detect asbestos-related lung cancer at a curable stage. […] Lung cancer screening of asbestosis-affected workers (presently working or ex-employees) should be performed at much more frequent intervals than the current recommendation of 35 years intervals.

• #69 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The peak global incidence of asbestos-related disease is expected to occur 30 to 40 years after the period of peak usage (i.e., the 1960s and 1970s). […] The prevalence of asbestosis in the United States is not known, but in 2000, there were an estimated 20,000 hospital discharges with this diagnosis and 2,000 deaths with asbestosis as the underlying or contributing cause, and these numbers are expected to rise through this decade. […] Current recommendations support lifelong surveillance for persons with a significant exposure history or ongoing exposure. […] The American Thoracic Society recommends performing chest radiography and pulmonary function testing every three to five years in patients with disease. […] Screening for asbestos-related disease may be appropriate in persons with a history of significant asbestos exposure; however, screening of the general population is not warranted.

• #70

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Awareness-raising efforts, disease surveillance and training of medical staff, labour inspectors and occupational health professionals will need to be maintained over the long term. […] WHO, in collaboration with the International Labour Organization and other intergovernmental organizations and civil society, works with countries towards elimination of asbestos-related diseases by establishing registries of people with past and/or current exposures to asbestos and organizing medical surveillance of exposed workers.

• #71 Asbestosis-related diseases: Presentation and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/asbestos-related-diseases-pro

  The control of industrial asbestos exposure in the UK is subject to the Asbestos Control Regulations 2012. These specify the surveillance regimes required for people working with asbestos. The required schedule varies, depending on the degree of risk to the individual worker. For those at highest risk, a medical check at least every two years is required. This involves an occupational and respiratory history, a respiratory examination and lung function tests. Routine CXRs are no longer performed due to concerns over unnecessary exposure to radiation but are arranged if clinically indicated.

• #72 What is medical surveillance in relation to licensed asbestos removal?

  https://www.oracleasbestos.com/blog/removals/medical-surveillance-in-asbestos-removal/

  There are several categories of worker that may need to undergo medical surveillance due to their involvement in a licensed or NNLW asbestos removal operation. […] Regulation 22 of CAR 2012 makes clear that medical surveillance must be adequate. […] Anyone who undertakes licensable asbestos work needs to have been medically examined in the past two years by an appointed doctor in other words, a doctor who was individually appointed by the HSE specifically for that purpose. […] A medical examination for licensed asbestos work will need to be repeated at least every two years, or within a shorter period if a doctor advises this. […] As for NNLW, the deadline for all workers who were then carrying out NNLW to have had a medical examination was 30th April 2015. […] A comprehensive and legally compliant approach to medical surveillance helps to bring various advantages to both employers and workers when licensed asbestos removal work needs to be carried out. […] This means that when an employer achieves complete compliance with this element of the UKs asbestos and health and safety regulations, it wont be merely minimising its own legal risks although this, too, should be a powerful motivator to act.

• #73 Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) Surveillance Requirement:Facilities Planning: NYSED

  https://www.p12.nysed.gov/facplan/articles/I03_AHERA_surveillance_requirement.html

  At least once every six months following the implementation of the AHERA management plan, an LEA must conduct a periodic visual surveillance of asbestos containing building material (ACBM) and assumed ACBM in each building which they lease, own, or otherwise use as a school building (Section 763.92(b)). […] The name of the person performing the surveillance, the date, and any changes noted in the condition of the asbestos must be recorded for each surveillance conducted (Section 763.94(d)). […] Although a periodic surveillance may coincide with the upcoming triennial AHERA reinspection, keep in mind that a surveillance cannot serve as the triennial reinpsection (Section 763.85(b)). […] Periodic Six Month Surveillance Triennial Reinspection May be performed by anyone. […] Must be performed by a New York State Certified Inspector/Management Planner. […] Visual inspection only of ACBM. […] The Inspector must „look at and touch asbestos containing material to assess its condition.”

• #74 1910.1001 App H – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1001AppH

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. Te studies have shown a definite association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #75

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5208h.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #76 1915.1001 App I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos, Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.1001AppI

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos have been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limits (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air) for 30 or more days per year and for all employees who are assigned to wear a negative-pressure respirator.

• #77

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/8358i.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #78 Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos – Non-Mandatory | UpCodes

  https://up.codes/s/medical-surveillance-guidelines-for-asbestos-non-mandatory

  Toxicology Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #79 Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 8, div. 1, ch. 4, subch. 18, art. 4, app I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/8-CCR-1-Chapter-4-Subchapter-18-Article-4-app-I

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #80 Epidemiology of Asbestos Related Diseases. | National Technical Reports Library – NTIS

  https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/PB90155904.xhtml

  Epidemiology of Asbestos Related Diseases. […] Although there were several anecdotal reports from earlier times, the first well documented case of asbestosis was reported in 1906 in a worker engaged in the production of asbestos textiles. In 1917 a report of ten cases of pulmonary fibrosis occurring at a Pennsylvania facility was published. The first detailed epidemiologic study of asbestos workers was undertaken in Great Britain in 1928. The first indication that asbestos might be a human carcinogen came in 1935 with the report of three independently diagnosed cases of lung cancer detected during autopsy of asbestos workers. […] Epidemiologic studies have now repeatedly demonstrated an association between asbestos exposure and increased mortality due to asbestosis, lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, and gastrointestinal cancer. In some studies asbestos exposure has also been associated with increased risks for laryngeal cancer and cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx.

• #81 1910.1001 App H – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1001AppH

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. Te studies have shown a definite association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #82

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5208h.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #83 1915.1001 App I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos, Non-Mandatory | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1915/1915.1001AppI

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted in section III of this appendix, exposure to asbestos have been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limits (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air) for 30 or more days per year and for all employees who are assigned to wear a negative-pressure respirator.

• #84

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/8358i.html

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #85 Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos – Non-Mandatory | UpCodes

  https://up.codes/s/medical-surveillance-guidelines-for-asbestos-non-mandatory

  Toxicology Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #86 Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 8, div. 1, ch. 4, subch. 18, art. 4, app I – Medical Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos Non-Mandatory | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/8-CCR-1-Chapter-4-Subchapter-18-Article-4-app-I

  Clinical evidence of the adverse effects associated with exposure to asbestos is present in the form of several well-conducted epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed workers, family contacts of workers, and persons living near asbestos mines. […] Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers who smoke cigarettes is greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non-exposed smokers or exposed nonsmokers. […] As noted above, exposure to asbestos has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, and asbestosis among occupationally exposed workers. […] The employer is required to institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to asbestos at or above the permissible exposure limit (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air).

• #87 Epidemiology of Occupational Asbestos-Related Diseases in China

  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth1963/39/2/39_2_75/_article

  In 1950s and 60s, asbestosis had been a major health hazard for asbestos exposed workers. […] All cohort studies on asbestos workers and on chrysotile miners in China showed excess deaths from lung cancer. […] In a large scale of cohort study on asbestos workers, a synergistic effect was found between cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure in the production of lung cancer. […] There have been not so many cases of malignant mesotheliomas reported, so far. […] Further study is needed especially for the relationship between exposure to Chinese chrysotile and malignant mesotheliomas.

• #88 Asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, and related disorders – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/pneumoconiosis/

  Asbestosis usually develops after a latency of ~20-40 years following exposure. However, earlier cases may occur following unusually severe exposure. (Shepard 2019) […] Plaques are usually identified 20 years after asbestos exposure. […] This occurs in ~5% of people exposed to asbestos. […] Disease develops after a latency of ~10-40 years following asbestos exposure. (Shepard 2019)

• #89 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  The prevalence of the disease is higher in those disciplines where the intensity of exposure is high. Results from a study conducted in Okayama, Japan, among construction workers revealed that those installing asbestos boards have the highest number of cases (39.1%), followed by asbestos sprayers (38.5%). Also, the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the chances of asbestosis. […] In the United Kingdom, insulation workers have the highest risk of asbestosis, followed by those who strip asbestos. […] There is an estimation that asbestosis causes around 55,000 deaths per year globally. […] The latent period for benign disease is shorter than other pulmonary complications. The incidence of pleural effusion is associated with the site of exposure and was found to be 9 cases per 1000 in heavily exposed groups.

• #90 Asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, and related disorders – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/pneumoconiosis/

  Asbestosis usually develops after a latency of ~20-40 years following exposure. However, earlier cases may occur following unusually severe exposure. (Shepard 2019) […] Plaques are usually identified 20 years after asbestos exposure. […] This occurs in ~5% of people exposed to asbestos. […] Disease develops after a latency of ~10-40 years following asbestos exposure. (Shepard 2019)

• #91 The asbestos-asbestosis exposure-response relationship: a cohort study of the general working population

  https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/the-asbestos-asbestosis-exposure-response-relationship-a-cohort-s

  OBJECTIVES: The association between asbestos exposure and asbestosis in high-exposed industrial cohorts is well-known, but there is a lack of knowledge about the exposure-response relationship for asbestosis in a general working population setting. We examined the exposure-response relationship between occupational asbestos exposure and asbestosis in asbestos-exposed workers of the Danish general working population. […] We followed all asbestos-exposed workers from 1979 to 2015 and identified incident cases of asbestosis using the Danish National Patient Register. Individual asbestos exposure was estimated with a quantitative job exposure matrix (SYN-JEM) from 1976 onwards and back-extrapolated to age 16 for those exposed in 1976. Exposure-response relations for cumulative exposure and other exposure metrics were analyzed using a discrete time hazard model and adjusted for potential confounders.

• #92 The asbestos-asbestosis exposure-response relationship: a cohort study of the general working population

  https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/the-asbestos-asbestosis-exposure-response-relationship-a-cohort-s

  We found increasing incidence rate ratios (IRR) of asbestosis with increasing cumulative asbestos exposure with a fully adjusted IRR per 1 f/ml-years of 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15- -1.22]. The IRR was 1.94 (95% CI 1.53-2.47) in the highest compared to the lowest exposure tertile. We similarly observed increasing risk with increasing cumulative exposure in the inception population. […] This study found exposure-response relations between cumulative asbestos exposure and incident asbestosis in the Danish general working population with mainly low-level exposed occupations, but there is some uncertainty regarding the exposure levels.

• #93 Asbestos-Related Lung Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p683.html

  The presence of asbestosis is an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. […] Asbestos exposure significantly increases the risk of developing small cell and nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. […] A number of studies suggest an increased incidence of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in patients with asbestosis compared with those who have been exposed to asbestos but do not have asbestosis.

• #94

  https://journals.lww.com/epidem/fulltext/2008/11001/evaluation_of_bystander_exposure_to_asbestos_.527.aspx

  For many years, asbestos was utilized in various industries as a flame retardant and for thermal protection purposes. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, there was some concern regarding indirect (or bystander) asbestos exposures among persons working in industries with considerable potential for exposure to the raw fiber (e.g., asbestos mining and manufacturing). […] By the 1970s, the concern about exposures distant from the point source had expanded to include so-called end users of asbestos-containing products such as insulators, construction workers, or automobile mechanics; however, very little quantitative data were collected in an attempt to characterize these airborne concentrations. One of the major challenges in estimating bystander exposure is the fact that some of them may also, during a given day, personally handle asbestos-containing materials (ACM). Similarly, a lack of information regarding concurrent or prior exposures of these persons has made it difficult to interpret studies where asbestos-related disease is reported among so-called bystanders.

• #95

  https://journals.lww.com/epidem/fulltext/2008/11001/evaluation_of_bystander_exposure_to_asbestos_.527.aspx

  For many years, asbestos was utilized in various industries as a flame retardant and for thermal protection purposes. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, there was some concern regarding indirect (or bystander) asbestos exposures among persons working in industries with considerable potential for exposure to the raw fiber (e.g., asbestos mining and manufacturing). […] By the 1970s, the concern about exposures distant from the point source had expanded to include so-called end users of asbestos-containing products such as insulators, construction workers, or automobile mechanics; however, very little quantitative data were collected in an attempt to characterize these airborne concentrations. One of the major challenges in estimating bystander exposure is the fact that some of them may also, during a given day, personally handle asbestos-containing materials (ACM). Similarly, a lack of information regarding concurrent or prior exposures of these persons has made it difficult to interpret studies where asbestos-related disease is reported among so-called bystanders.

• #96

  https://journals.lww.com/epidem/fulltext/2008/11001/evaluation_of_bystander_exposure_to_asbestos_.527.aspx

  Two types of bystanders were considered: 1) craftsmen working in close proximity to workers performing activities with a higher potential for exposure (e.g., insulation work); and 2) maintenance workers and building occupants. The distance from the primary worker or activity and ventilation (local and dilution) are, of course, important determinants of bystander exposure. The information gathered from the various miscellaneous reports, the strengths/weaknesses of the data, and suggestions for targeted future research are presented.

• #97 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  A 2024 study reported that in 2019, occupational asbestos exposure was responsible for 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. […] According to World Trade Center Health Registry estimates, about 410,000 people were exposed to asbestos when as much as 400 tons of it was released following the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. […] A substantial amount of asbestos remains in buildings and eventually will be removed, either during remediation or renovations or demolition. It has been estimated that approximately 1.3 million workers in construction and general industry may be exposed to asbestos during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containing asbestos. […] In the United States, vermiculite mined in Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with asbestos; this vermiculite was used in 70% of vermiculite insulation in the United States between 1919 and 1990.

• #98 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  A 2024 study reported that in 2019, occupational asbestos exposure was responsible for 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. […] According to World Trade Center Health Registry estimates, about 410,000 people were exposed to asbestos when as much as 400 tons of it was released following the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. […] A substantial amount of asbestos remains in buildings and eventually will be removed, either during remediation or renovations or demolition. It has been estimated that approximately 1.3 million workers in construction and general industry may be exposed to asbestos during maintenance activities or remediation of buildings containing asbestos. […] In the United States, vermiculite mined in Libby, Montana, was found to be contaminated with asbestos; this vermiculite was used in 70% of vermiculite insulation in the United States between 1919 and 1990.

• #99 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestos has not been mined in the United States since 2002, but in 2016, approximately 340 metric tons of asbestos was imported for use in the chloralkali industry to manufacture semipermeable diaphragms in electrolytic cells; in addition, an unknown quantity of asbestos was imported within manufactured products, possibly including brake linings and pads, building materials, gaskets, millboards, and yarn and thread, among others. […] Globally, bans on asbestos use are in place in several countries, including Australia, Japan, South Africa, and the nations of the European Union; asbestos use is restricted in the United States and Canada. However, persons who have been previously exposed to asbestos continue to be at risk for asbestosis and other asbestos-related diseases as a consequence of the long latency periods following exposure. […] In addition, trends in developing countries and countries that are emerging as economic powers indicate an increasing problem with asbestos-related diseases.

• #100 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestos has not been mined in the United States since 2002, but in 2016, approximately 340 metric tons of asbestos was imported for use in the chloralkali industry to manufacture semipermeable diaphragms in electrolytic cells; in addition, an unknown quantity of asbestos was imported within manufactured products, possibly including brake linings and pads, building materials, gaskets, millboards, and yarn and thread, among others. […] Globally, bans on asbestos use are in place in several countries, including Australia, Japan, South Africa, and the nations of the European Union; asbestos use is restricted in the United States and Canada. However, persons who have been previously exposed to asbestos continue to be at risk for asbestosis and other asbestos-related diseases as a consequence of the long latency periods following exposure. […] In addition, trends in developing countries and countries that are emerging as economic powers indicate an increasing problem with asbestos-related diseases.

• #101 Asbestosis: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295966-overview

  Asbestos has not been mined in the United States since 2002, but in 2016, approximately 340 metric tons of asbestos was imported for use in the chloralkali industry to manufacture semipermeable diaphragms in electrolytic cells; in addition, an unknown quantity of asbestos was imported within manufactured products, possibly including brake linings and pads, building materials, gaskets, millboards, and yarn and thread, among others. […] Globally, bans on asbestos use are in place in several countries, including Australia, Japan, South Africa, and the nations of the European Union; asbestos use is restricted in the United States and Canada. However, persons who have been previously exposed to asbestos continue to be at risk for asbestosis and other asbestos-related diseases as a consequence of the long latency periods following exposure. […] In addition, trends in developing countries and countries that are emerging as economic powers indicate an increasing problem with asbestos-related diseases.

• #102 Asbestosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555985/

  Although mesothelioma is less prevalent than lung cancer, over 2000 cases per year in the twenty-first century were reported in the United States. The incidence of lung cancer is comparatively higher than that of mesothelioma. The use of asbestos in developed countries has been reduced, but use in developing countries like Nepal and Pakistan is still considerably high.

• #103 Occupational Cancer and Asbestosis among Asbestos-Exposed Workers in Ontario – Occupational Cancer Research Centre

  https://www.occupationalcancer.ca/project/occupational-cancer-and-asbestosis-among-asbestos-exposed-workers/

  Despite the federal ban on asbestos in Canada (2018), jobs dealing with historical ACM will remain a concern with the need to maintain and remediate existing asbestos in buildings. Future analyses of the AWR with longer follow-up may be able to explore the risk of disease associated with more recent asbestos exposure.

• #104

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Awareness-raising efforts, disease surveillance and training of medical staff, labour inspectors and occupational health professionals will need to be maintained over the long term. […] WHO, in collaboration with the International Labour Organization and other intergovernmental organizations and civil society, works with countries towards elimination of asbestos-related diseases by establishing registries of people with past and/or current exposures to asbestos and organizing medical surveillance of exposed workers.

• #105

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos

  Because of earlier widespread use in buildings in many countries, workers will need to be protected from exposure during building maintenance or asbestos removal for many years to come. […] Awareness-raising efforts, disease surveillance and training of medical staff, labour inspectors and occupational health professionals will need to be maintained over the long term. […] WHO, in collaboration with the International Labour Organization and other intergovernmental organizations and civil society, works with countries towards elimination of asbestos-related diseases by establishing registries of people with past and/or current exposures to asbestos and organizing medical surveillance of exposed workers.

• #106 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos — a continuing concern

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/184

  Exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), and various pleural diseases. […] Merler and his colleagues have reviewed the modalities of surveillance and health intervention for asbestos-exposed workers. […] Surveillance and periodic medical examinations have an obvious social role in detecting and monitoring asbestos-associated occupational diseases, albeit their health benefits have not been evaluated. […] An important task in the surveillance of exposed workers is to provide them with adequate information on the health risks of asbestos. […] The surveillance of former asbestos workers and the compensation for asbestos-related cancers remain long-standing social challenges. […] There is a need for continuous education and a more systematic health surveillance of asbestos demolition workers.

• #107 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Asbestos — a continuing concern

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/184

  Exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), and various pleural diseases. […] Merler and his colleagues have reviewed the modalities of surveillance and health intervention for asbestos-exposed workers. […] Surveillance and periodic medical examinations have an obvious social role in detecting and monitoring asbestos-associated occupational diseases, albeit their health benefits have not been evaluated. […] An important task in the surveillance of exposed workers is to provide them with adequate information on the health risks of asbestos. […] The surveillance of former asbestos workers and the compensation for asbestos-related cancers remain long-standing social challenges. […] There is a need for continuous education and a more systematic health surveillance of asbestos demolition workers.

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