Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vitamin Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17732-vitamin-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin deficiency anemia is a condition that develops when you have low levels of vitamin B12 or B9 (folate). […] In this type of anemia, your body doesn’t produce enough healthy red blood cells. […] Vitamin deficiency anemia occurs when you have low vitamin B12 or folate levels. Causes of vitamin deficiency anemia may include: […] Health conditions that affect nutrient absorption. […] Diet that doesn’t include adequate meats/fish, dairy products, eggs, or specific vegan options (B12) or dark green veggies, beans, nuts, seeds (folate). […] You may develop vitamin deficiency anemia if you don’t consume enough foods with vitamins B12 or folate.

• #2 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cant function properly. […] There are a number of problems that can lead to a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, including: pernicious anaemia where your immune system attacks healthy cells in your stomach, preventing your body from absorbing vitamin B12 from the food you eat; this is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK […] A vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can be the result of a variety of problems, some of which are described below. […] Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of either of these vitamins affects the bodys ability to produce fully functioning red blood cells. […] A lack of vitamin B12 (with or without anaemia) can cause the following complications: neurological problems (issues affecting your nervous system), such as: vision problems, memory loss, pins and needles (paraesthesia), loss of physical coordination (ataxia), which can affect your whole body and cause difficulty speaking or walking, damage to parts of the nervous system (peripheral neuropathy), particularly in the legs. […] A lack of folate (with or without anaemia) can also cause complications, some of which are outlined below.

• #3 Vitamin B12 Deficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/

  Vitamin B12 deficiency has 4 primary etiologies: […] Autoimmune: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies to intrinsic factors are produced. Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies bind to and inhibit the effects of intrinsic factors, resulting in an inability of B12 to be absorbed by the terminal ileum. […] Malabsorption: Parietal cells in the stomach produce intrinsic factors; therefore, any patient with a history of gastric bypass surgery may be at risk for developing a B12 deficiency because their new alimentary pathway bypasses the site of intrinsic factor production. […] Dietary insufficiency: Vitamin B12 is stored in excess in the liver; however, patients who have followed a strict vegan diet for approximately 3 years may develop a B12 deficiency from a lack of dietary intake. […] Toxin exposure: Exposure to nitrous oxide can cause vitamin B12 deficiency and neurologic symptoms. Metformin treatment can cause B12 deficiency.

• #4 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur if you don’t eat enough foods containing vitamin B-12 and folate, or if your body has trouble absorbing or processing these vitamins. […] Low levels of vitamin B-12 can be caused by: […] Diet. Vitamin B-12 is mainly found in meat, eggs and milk, so people who don’t eat these types of foods may need to take B-12 supplements. […] Pernicious anemia. This condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines. […] Gastric surgeries. If portions of your stomach or intestines have been surgically removed, that can reduce the amount of intrinsic factor produced and the amount of space available for vitamin B-12 to be absorbed.

• #5

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a/article/anaemia,vitaminb12andfolatedeficiency

  Anaemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency Anaemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency […] Vitamin B12 or B9 (commonly called folate) deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cannot function properly. […] There are a number of problems that can lead to a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. […] These include: pernicious anaemia where your immune system attacks healthy cells in your stomach, preventing your body absorbing vitamin B12 from the food you eat; this is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK […] a lack of these vitamins in your diet this is uncommon, but can happen if you have a vegan diet and do not take vitamin B12 supplements or eat foods fortified with vitamin B12, follow a restrictive diet or have a generally poor diet for a long time

• #6 Vitamin B12 Deficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/

  Vitamin B12 deficiency has 4 primary etiologies: […] Autoimmune: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies to intrinsic factors are produced. Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies bind to and inhibit the effects of intrinsic factors, resulting in an inability of B12 to be absorbed by the terminal ileum. […] Malabsorption: Parietal cells in the stomach produce intrinsic factors; therefore, any patient with a history of gastric bypass surgery may be at risk for developing a B12 deficiency because their new alimentary pathway bypasses the site of intrinsic factor production. […] Dietary insufficiency: Vitamin B12 is stored in excess in the liver; however, patients who have followed a strict vegan diet for approximately 3 years may develop a B12 deficiency from a lack of dietary intake. […] Toxin exposure: Exposure to nitrous oxide can cause vitamin B12 deficiency and neurologic symptoms. Metformin treatment can cause B12 deficiency.

• #7 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur if you don’t eat enough foods containing vitamin B-12 and folate, or if your body has trouble absorbing or processing these vitamins. […] Low levels of vitamin B-12 can be caused by: […] Diet. Vitamin B-12 is mainly found in meat, eggs and milk, so people who don’t eat these types of foods may need to take B-12 supplements. […] Pernicious anemia. This condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines. […] Gastric surgeries. If portions of your stomach or intestines have been surgically removed, that can reduce the amount of intrinsic factor produced and the amount of space available for vitamin B-12 to be absorbed.

• #8 Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3929-anemia

  Many things can cause it. For example, iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. You can develop this type if you dont get enough iron from the food you eat, or if you lose blood from an injury or illness. Healthcare providers classify anemia as being acquired or inherited. […] Certain medical conditions and vitamin deficiencies may cause these types of anemia. Healthcare providers may call these conditions vitamin deficiency anemia. […] This condition, which is one of the causes of vitamin B12 deficiency, is an autoimmune condition that prevents your body from absorbing vitamin B12.

• #9

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a/article/anaemia,vitaminb12andfolatedeficiency

  medicine certain medicines, including anticonvulsants and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), can affect how much of these vitamins your body absorbs. […] Pernicious anaemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK. […] Pernicious anaemia causes your immune system to attack the cells in your stomach that produce the intrinsic factor, which means your body is unable to absorb vitamin B12. […] Some people can develop a vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of not getting enough vitamin B12 from their diet. […] Some stomach conditions or stomach operations can prevent the absorption of enough vitamin B12. […] Some conditions that affect your intestines can also stop you absorbing the necessary amount of vitamin B12. […] Some types of medicine can lead to a reduction in the amount of vitamin B12 in your body.

• #10 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur if you don’t eat enough foods containing vitamin B-12 and folate, or if your body has trouble absorbing or processing these vitamins. […] Low levels of vitamin B-12 can be caused by: […] Diet. Vitamin B-12 is mainly found in meat, eggs and milk, so people who don’t eat these types of foods may need to take B-12 supplements. […] Pernicious anemia. This condition occurs when the body’s immune system attacks cells in the stomach that produce a substance called intrinsic factor. Without this substance, B-12 can’t be absorbed in the intestines. […] Gastric surgeries. If portions of your stomach or intestines have been surgically removed, that can reduce the amount of intrinsic factor produced and the amount of space available for vitamin B-12 to be absorbed.

• #11 Anemia – Vitamin B12–Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can’t make enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn’t have enough vitamin B12. […] You can develop vitamin B12 deficiency for the following reasons: […] Lack of intrinsic factor: Intrinsic factor is a protein made in the stomach, which helps the body absorb vitamin B12. People who have pernicious anemia do not produce intrinsic factor. […] You may develop vitamin B12 deficiency anemia if your body is not able to absorb enough vitamin B12 from the foods you eat. […] Older adults are more likely to have digestive problems that make it harder to absorb vitamin B12. […] Drinking too much alcohol can make it harder for your body to absorb vitamin B12. […] Taking certain medicines can make it harder for your body to absorb vitamin B12 over time. […] Some medical conditions can raise your risk of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. […] Surgery on your stomach or intestines, such as weight-loss surgery or gastrectomy, can make it harder for your body to absorb vitamin B12.

• #12 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Intestinal problems. Crohn’s disease and celiac disease can interfere with absorption of vitamin B-12, as can tapeworms that may be ingested from eating contaminated fish. […] A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food. […] Absorption problems may be caused by: […] Intestinal diseases such as celiac disease […] Surgical removal or bypass of a large part of the intestines […] Excessive alcohol consumption […] Prescription drugs, such as some anti-seizure medications.

• #13

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of either of these vitamins affects the body’s ability to produce fully functioning red blood cells. […] A vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can be the result of a variety of problems. […] Pernicious anaemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK. […] Some people can develop a vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of not getting enough vitamin B12 from their diet. […] Some stomach conditions or stomach operations can prevent the absorption of enough vitamin B12. […] Some conditions that affect your intestines can also stop you absorbing the necessary amount of vitamin B12. […] Some types of medicine can lead to a reduction in the amount of vitamin B12 in your body. […] Some people can experience problems related to a vitamin B12 deficiency, despite appearing to have normal levels of vitamin B12 in their blood.

• #14 Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Anemia | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/anemia-of-b12-deficiency

  Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia is a condition in which your body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells because of a lack of vitamin B-12. This vitamin is needed to make red blood cells. […] Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia is more common in people whose families come from northern Europe. It is caused by: […] Lack of intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is a protein made in the stomach. It is needed to absorb vitamin B-12. This type of B-12 deficiency anemia is called pernicious anemia. […] Inability to absorb vitamin B-12. Surgery that removes or bypasses the end of the small intestine may be one reason that B-12 can’t be absorbed. Other causes include changes in the small bowel that limit how much vitamin B-12 you can absorb. […] The inability to make intrinsic factor may be caused by several things, such as: Chronic gastritis, Surgery to remove all or part of the stomach (gastrectomy), An autoimmune condition, where the body attacks its own tissues. […] Other types of megaloblastic anemia may be linked to type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and a family history of the disease.

• #15 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Vitamin-B12-Deficiency.aspx

  One organism that is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency is Helicobacter pylori, found in over half of all patients. […] Vegetarianism may also cause vitamin B12 deficiency because this compound is found mostly in animal products i.e. meat products and milk. […] Pregnancy and lactation are high-risk periods for the development of cobalamin deficiency because of the increased requirement for it, as are patients with autoimmune disease and HIV infection. […] Renal disease also puts one at risk of this deficiency.

• #16 Vitamin B12 deficiency Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vitamin-b12-deficiency.html

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop for the following reasons: […] Absence of intrinsic factor, also called pernicious anemia — Intrinsic factor is a protein secreted by cells of the stomach lining. […] In children, decreased levels of intrinsic factor can be an inherited (genetic) condition. […] Removal or destruction of the stomach — Vitamin B12 deficiency can develop in people who have had surgery to remove part or all of the stomach. […] Overgrowth of bacteria — Some people develop vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of conditions that slow the movement of food through the intestines (diabetes, scleroderma, strictures, diverticula), allowing intestinal bacteria to multiply and overgrow in the upper part of the small intestine. […] Dietary deficiency — Vegans (strict vegetarians who do not eat any meat, fish, egg or dairy products) can develop vitamin B12 deficiency because they lack vitamin B12 in their diets.

• #17 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Intestinal problems. Crohn’s disease and celiac disease can interfere with absorption of vitamin B-12, as can tapeworms that may be ingested from eating contaminated fish. […] A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food. […] Absorption problems may be caused by: […] Intestinal diseases such as celiac disease […] Surgical removal or bypass of a large part of the intestines […] Excessive alcohol consumption […] Prescription drugs, such as some anti-seizure medications.

• #18

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of either of these vitamins affects the body’s ability to produce fully functioning red blood cells. […] A vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can be the result of a variety of problems. […] Pernicious anaemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK. […] Some people can develop a vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of not getting enough vitamin B12 from their diet. […] Some stomach conditions or stomach operations can prevent the absorption of enough vitamin B12. […] Some conditions that affect your intestines can also stop you absorbing the necessary amount of vitamin B12. […] Some types of medicine can lead to a reduction in the amount of vitamin B12 in your body. […] Some people can experience problems related to a vitamin B12 deficiency, despite appearing to have normal levels of vitamin B12 in their blood.

• #19 Metformin and reduced vitamin B12 levels: new advice for monitoring patients at risk – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/metformin-and-reduced-vitamin-b12-levels-new-advice-for-monitoring-patients-at-risk

  Decreased vitamin B12 levels, or vitamin B12 deficiency, is now considered to be a common side effect in patients on metformin treatment, especially in those receiving a higher dose or longer treatment duration and in those with existing risk factors. […] Metformin can commonly reduce vitamin B12 levels in patients, which may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. […] The risk of low vitamin B12 levels increases with higher metformin dose, longer treatment duration, and in patients with risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Common causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include infections, malabsorption, medical conditions (Crohns disease, pernicious anaemia), gastric resection, and inadequate dietary intake. […] Decreased vitamin B12 levels are a known consequence of long-term treatment with metformin. The mechanism is currently thought to be multifactorial, comprising altered intestinal motility, bacterial overgrowth, and reduced uptake of vitamin B12 within the small intestine (or a combination of these factors).

• #20 Vitamin B12 Deficiency | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0301/p979.html

  As mentioned previously, the widespread and prolonged use of histamine H2-receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors for ulcer disease also may cause impaired breakdown of vitamin B12 from food, causing malabsorption and eventual depletion of B12 stores. […] Other etiologies of vitamin B12 deficiency, although less common, deserve mention.

• #21 Vitamin B12 Deficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/

  Vitamin B12 deficiency has 4 primary etiologies: […] Autoimmune: Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies to intrinsic factors are produced. Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies bind to and inhibit the effects of intrinsic factors, resulting in an inability of B12 to be absorbed by the terminal ileum. […] Malabsorption: Parietal cells in the stomach produce intrinsic factors; therefore, any patient with a history of gastric bypass surgery may be at risk for developing a B12 deficiency because their new alimentary pathway bypasses the site of intrinsic factor production. […] Dietary insufficiency: Vitamin B12 is stored in excess in the liver; however, patients who have followed a strict vegan diet for approximately 3 years may develop a B12 deficiency from a lack of dietary intake. […] Toxin exposure: Exposure to nitrous oxide can cause vitamin B12 deficiency and neurologic symptoms. Metformin treatment can cause B12 deficiency.

• #22 Vitamin B12 deficiency – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused by impaired absorption, inadequate dietary intake, or increased requirements. […] Causes are usually related to conditions that give rise to malabsorption of vitamin B12 particularly autoimmune gastritis in pernicious anemia. […] Other conditions giving rise to malabsorption include surgical removal of the stomach, chronic inflammation of the pancreas, intestinal parasites, certain medications such as long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor blockers, and metformin, and some genetic disorders. […] Deficiency can also be caused by inadequate dietary intake such as with the diets of vegetarians, and vegans, and in the malnourished. […] Deficiency may be caused by increased needs of the body for example in those with HIV/AIDS, and shortened red blood cell lifespan.

• #23 The difference between B12 Deficiency and Pernicious Anaemia

  https://pernicious-anaemia-society.org/b12deficiencyandperniciousanaemia/

  The following leads to the patients B12 being compromised in some way and to some degree or other: Metformin, Proton pump inhibitors, Oral contraceptives, Colchicine, Cimetidine, Phenobarbital, Pregabalin, Primidone and Topiramate. […] Nitrous Oxide deactivates the bodies stores of vitamin B12. […] Inborn errors in the transport or metabolism of vitamin B12 include Transcobalamin deficiency, adenosylcobalamin deficiency, methylcobalamin deficiency, combined adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin deficiency.

• #24

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Like vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia can develop for a number of reasons. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] You may lose folate from your body if you pee frequently. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. This can cause folate deficiency if you cannot meet your body’s demands for the vitamin.

• #25

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Like vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia can develop for a number of reasons. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] You may lose folate from your body if you pee frequently. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. This can cause folate deficiency if you cannot meet your body’s demands for the vitamin.

• #26

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/a/article/anaemia,vitaminb12andfolatedeficiency

  A diet that includes meat, fish and dairy products usually provides enough vitamin B12, but people who do not regularly eat these foods can become deficient. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. […] A lack of folate (with or without anaemia) can also cause complications.

• #27 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Intestinal problems. Crohn’s disease and celiac disease can interfere with absorption of vitamin B-12, as can tapeworms that may be ingested from eating contaminated fish. […] A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food. […] Absorption problems may be caused by: […] Intestinal diseases such as celiac disease […] Surgical removal or bypass of a large part of the intestines […] Excessive alcohol consumption […] Prescription drugs, such as some anti-seizure medications.

• #28 Folate Deficiency: Recognize Symptoms & Causes | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/folate-deficiency/

  Folate deficiency has a number of potential causes. Most healthy people absorb sufficient folate from their diets to avoid deficiency, but in some cases the body may increase demand, which, if supplementation doesnt occur, may lead to deficiency. In other cases, the body may be unable to absorb enough folate, due to low intake or excessive excretion. […] Causes of folate deficiency include: Low dietary intake due to medically restricted diets such as those followed by people with phenylketonuria or due to fad diets concentrating on foods that do not contain enough folate. Infants who are fed unfortified goats milk will also experience folate deficiency, as folate is not naturally present in goats milk. […] Malabsorption, which can be due to age, liver problems or gastrointestinal problems causing chronic diarrhoea, such as sprue, celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Other causes of malabsorption are pancreatitis, bariatric surgery and extensive surgery involving the large or small intestine. Malabsorption is also a risk for people who use drugs that interfere with the absorption of folate, such as proton-pump inhibitors, some anticonvulsants such as carbamezapine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and phenobarbitol.

• #29

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Like vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia can develop for a number of reasons. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] You may lose folate from your body if you pee frequently. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. This can cause folate deficiency if you cannot meet your body’s demands for the vitamin.

• #30 Folate Deficiency: Recognize Symptoms & Causes | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/folate-deficiency/

  Disorders such as leukaemia, carcinomas and lymphomas, which increase the bodys demand for folate and may consequently lead to deficiency if folic acid supplements arent taken. […] Age, which causes changes in the gastrointestinal systems of people more than 65 years of age. These may lead to reduced absorption and reduced dietary intake. […] Alcohol-related damage to the liver, which affects the way in which folate is stored in the liver and increases the amount of folate excreted in urine. People with alcohol dependence may also have a nutritionally insufficient diet. […] Pregnancy and lactation, which raise the bodys demand for folate considerably due to the growth of new tissue in both mother and fetus. Sufficient folic acid supplementation is crucial for pregnant women, as a deficiency may cause birth defects. […] Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. […] Renal dialysis, which affects the amounts of homocysteine in the body and therefore increases the amount of folic acid needed.

• #31

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Like vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia can develop for a number of reasons. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] You may lose folate from your body if you pee frequently. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. This can cause folate deficiency if you cannot meet your body’s demands for the vitamin.

• #32 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Intestinal problems. Crohn’s disease and celiac disease can interfere with absorption of vitamin B-12, as can tapeworms that may be ingested from eating contaminated fish. […] A folate deficiency can occur when people don’t eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food. […] Absorption problems may be caused by: […] Intestinal diseases such as celiac disease […] Surgical removal or bypass of a large part of the intestines […] Excessive alcohol consumption […] Prescription drugs, such as some anti-seizure medications.

• #33

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/causes/

  Like vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, folate deficiency anaemia can develop for a number of reasons. […] Folate deficiency caused by a lack of dietary folate is more common in people who have a generally unbalanced and unhealthy diet, people who regularly misuse alcohol, and people following a restrictive diet that does not involve eating good sources of folate. […] Sometimes your body may be unable to absorb folate as effectively as it should. […] You may lose folate from your body if you pee frequently. […] Some types of medicines reduce the amount of folate in your body or make the folate harder to absorb. […] Your body sometimes requires more folate than normal. This can cause folate deficiency if you cannot meet your body’s demands for the vitamin.

• #34 Folate Deficiency: Recognize Symptoms & Causes | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/folate-deficiency/

  Disorders such as leukaemia, carcinomas and lymphomas, which increase the bodys demand for folate and may consequently lead to deficiency if folic acid supplements arent taken. […] Age, which causes changes in the gastrointestinal systems of people more than 65 years of age. These may lead to reduced absorption and reduced dietary intake. […] Alcohol-related damage to the liver, which affects the way in which folate is stored in the liver and increases the amount of folate excreted in urine. People with alcohol dependence may also have a nutritionally insufficient diet. […] Pregnancy and lactation, which raise the bodys demand for folate considerably due to the growth of new tissue in both mother and fetus. Sufficient folic acid supplementation is crucial for pregnant women, as a deficiency may cause birth defects. […] Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. […] Renal dialysis, which affects the amounts of homocysteine in the body and therefore increases the amount of folic acid needed.

• #35 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Hello Doktor

  https://hellodoktor.com/en/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/

  There are many risk factors for vitamin deficiency anemia, such as: Your diet contains little to no natural vitamin food sources, such as meat, dairy, fruits and vegetables. […] You have intestinal problems or other medical conditions that interfere with absorption of vitamins. […] You abuse alcohol. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of folate and vitamin C, as well as other vitamins. […] Some risk factors are unique to specific vitamin deficiencies. […] Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia risk factors include: Lack of intrinsic factor. Most people with a vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia lack intrinsic factor a protein secreted by the stomach that is necessary for absorption of vitamin B-12. […] Vitamin C deficiency anemia risk factors include: Smoking can lead to vitamin C deficiency because it decreases the absorption of this vitamin.

• #36 Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Anemia

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/MentalHealth/85,P00080

  Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia is a condition in which your body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells because of a lack of vitamin B-12. This vitamin is needed to make red blood cells. These cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. Without enough red blood cells, your tissues and organs dont get enough oxygen. Without enough oxygen, your body cant work as well. […] Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia is more common in people whose families come from northern Europe. It is caused by: […] Lack of intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is a protein made in the stomach. It is needed to absorb vitamin B-12. This type of B-12 deficiency anemia is called pernicious anemia. […] Inability to absorb vitamin B-12. Surgery that removes or bypasses the end of the small intestine may be one reason that B-12 can’t be absorbed. Other causes include changes in the small bowel that limit how much vitamin B-12 you can absorb.

• #37 Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/3/153

  Megaloblastic anemia is most commonly caused by folate deficiency from dietary deficiency, alcoholism, or malabsorption syndromes or by vitamin B12 deficiency, usually due to pernicious anemia. […] Both vitamin deficiencies cause hematologic signs and symptoms of anemia; vitamin B12 deficiency also causes neurologic symptoms. […] The most frequent causes of megaloblastic anemia are deficiencies of vitamin B9 (folate) or vitamin B12 (cobalamin). […] Folate deficiency has 3 main causes: reduced intake from diets lacking folate and alcoholism, decreased absorption from disorders affecting nutrient absorption in the small bowel, and increased demand from pregnancy, hemolytic anemia, puberty, and eczematous conditions. […] Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include dietary deficiency, which occurs less frequently than folate deficiency because body stores can last for years owing to efficient enterohepatic recycling mechanisms.

• #38 Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia and How It’s Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/megaloblastic-anemia-5214483

  Megaloblastic anemia is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that causes larger-than-normal red blood cells and enlarged and abnormal red blood cell precursors (megaloblasts) to appear in the bone marrow. […] This type of anemia often develops due to vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency or vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency. These deficiencies can occur for different reasons, such as malnutrition or gastrointestinal conditions. […] Megaloblastic anemia can have different causes, but they all stem from a vitamin deficiency or an inability to absorb certain vitamins. […] The process of new red blood cell formation involves the production of the cells membrane, enzymes, proteins, and genetic material. Megaloblastic anemia occurs due to a lack of B9 (folate) or vitamin B12, which are needed to produce a red blood cells genetic material.

• #39 A case of anemia caused by combined vitamin B12 and iron deficiency manifesting as short stature and delayed puberty

  https://www.e-cep.org/journal/view.php?number=2010530511

  Vitamin B12 is necessary for production of tetrahydrofolate, which is important in DNA synthesis. […] Any abnormality along this pathway can result in vitamin B12 malabsorption and deficiency. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency is also common in patients who have undergone ileal resection. […] Our patient had weakness, failure to thrive, and decreased BMD, but no neurologic symptoms. […] Concomitant iron and vitamin B12 deficiency caused by malabsorption following small intestinal resection induced bone marrow erythroid megaloblastosis. […] Appropriate treatment results in dramatic clinical and laboratory responses in most patients. […] This is supported by the absence of hypoproteinemia, a normal prothrombin time, and no evidence of rickets. […] Our observations illustrate the importance of the distal small intestine in absorption of vitamin B12 and iron.

• #40 Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia and How It’s Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/megaloblastic-anemia-5214483

  Megaloblastic anemia is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that causes larger-than-normal red blood cells and enlarged and abnormal red blood cell precursors (megaloblasts) to appear in the bone marrow. […] This type of anemia often develops due to vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency or vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency. These deficiencies can occur for different reasons, such as malnutrition or gastrointestinal conditions. […] Megaloblastic anemia can have different causes, but they all stem from a vitamin deficiency or an inability to absorb certain vitamins. […] The process of new red blood cell formation involves the production of the cells membrane, enzymes, proteins, and genetic material. Megaloblastic anemia occurs due to a lack of B9 (folate) or vitamin B12, which are needed to produce a red blood cells genetic material.

• #41 Megaloblastic anemia due to severe vitamin B12 deficiency | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/1/8

  Megaloblastic anemia from vitamin B12 deficiency leads to defective DNA synthesis in hematopoietic precursors manifesting as pancytopenia and hemolysis owing to ineffective hematopoiesis. […] In this patient, megaloblastic anemia was diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory findings of severe vitamin B12 deficiency, for which subtotal gastrectomy is a known predisposing factor.

• #42 Vitamin B12 deficiency – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency

  Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the main causes of anemia. […] In countries where B12 deficiency is common, it is generally assumed that there is a greater risk of developing anemia. […] However, the overall contribution of vitamin B12 deficiency to the global incidence of anemia may not be significant, except in elderly individuals, vegetarians, cases of malabsorption and some genetic disorders. […] Megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency is characterized by red blood cells that are larger than normal and are unable to deliver oxygen to the body’s organs. […] Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in adults, which results from malabsorption of vitamin B12 due to a lack or loss of intrinsic factor.

• #43 Vitamin Deficiency Anemia – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/vitamin-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin deficiency anemia results from low or depleted levels of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid). […] Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate (folic acid) deficiency cause megaloblastic anemia. In megaloblastic anemia, the bone marrow produces red blood cells that are large and abnormal (megaloblasts). […] Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency most often develops due to a lack of these vitamins in the diet or an inability to absorb these vitamins from the digestive tract. […] Pernicious anemia is a type of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by an autoimmune disorder that affects vitamin B12 absorption. […] Deficiency of folate (folic acid) is sometimes caused by medications used to treat cancer or is associated with heavy alcohol use.

• #44 Anemia, lack of vitamins is also among the causes – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/news/anemia-lack-vitamins-also-among-causes/

  Anemia occurs when the number of red blood cells is not sufficient to carry enough oxygen to meet the needs of the different tissues and organs of the body. […] In some cases it can be caused by a lack of hemoactive vitamins, which leads to a reduction in red blood cell production. The vitamins linked to this type of anemia are folic acid and vitamin B-12, components necessary to produce an adequate number of healthy red blood cells capable of transporting oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. […] Folates and vitamin B-12 are the vitamins that if deficient due to reduced intake or difficulty in absorption can cause anemia. […] Among the causes of vitamin deficiency anemia, also known as megaloblastic anemia, the most common is folate deficiency anaemia (or vitamin B-9), a nutrient found mainly in green leafy fruits and vegetables.

• #45 Vitamin B deficiency | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vitamin-b-deficiency

  Vitamin B deficiency happens when your body doesn’t have enough vitamin B. […] You may be at risk of vitamin B deficiency if you don’t include enough vitamin B in your diet. […] The B vitamins are water soluble. This means that they are not stored in your body, so deficiency can occur quickly if your intake is low. […] Vitamin B deficiency can also be caused by alcohol abuse. Your liver needs more vitamin B to metabolise (break down) the excess alcohol. […] In some cases, deficiency of one type of B vitamin can cause a deficiency in another type. This is because they need each other to function properly.

• #46 How Are the Symptoms of Low Iron and Vitamin D Deficiency Connected?

  https://www.cohamed.com/blog/low-iron-and-vitamin-d

  Vitamin D is essential to absorb iron. Therefore an iron deficiency may indicate low vitamin D levels in your body. […] A study found that 23% of iron-deficient female athletes were three times more likely to get vitamin D deficiency. Also, vitamin D-deficient women were 2.7 times more likely to have iron deficiency. The journal of Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity reveals that maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels is essential for preventing inflammatory type anemia. […] You may not have sufficient healthy red blood cells if you are iron-deficient. This can cause iron-deficiency anemia, resulting in serious health problems.

• #47 Causes and pathophysiology of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-pathophysiology-of-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiencies

  Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency: Pernicious anemia, inadequate dietary intake, food cobalamin malabsorption, genetic disorders (vitamin B12) […] Causes of folate deficiency: Inadequate dietary intake, increased requirements, intestinal malabsorption, medications (folate), genetic disorders (folate) […] This topic review discusses the major causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, along with their pathophysiology.

• #48 Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/3/153

  Nearly every step of the vitamin B12 absorption pathway can be disrupted in various pathologic states, but lack of intrinsic factor secondary to pernicious anemia is the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in most cases. […] Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis leads to significantly reduced absorption of dietary vitamin B12, resulting in pernicious anemia. […] The laboratory and clinical findings were consistent with vitamin B12 deficiency, and the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody confirmed the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.

• #49 Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/3/153

  Megaloblastic anemia is most commonly caused by folate deficiency from dietary deficiency, alcoholism, or malabsorption syndromes or by vitamin B12 deficiency, usually due to pernicious anemia. […] Both vitamin deficiencies cause hematologic signs and symptoms of anemia; vitamin B12 deficiency also causes neurologic symptoms. […] The most frequent causes of megaloblastic anemia are deficiencies of vitamin B9 (folate) or vitamin B12 (cobalamin). […] Folate deficiency has 3 main causes: reduced intake from diets lacking folate and alcoholism, decreased absorption from disorders affecting nutrient absorption in the small bowel, and increased demand from pregnancy, hemolytic anemia, puberty, and eczematous conditions. […] Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency include dietary deficiency, which occurs less frequently than folate deficiency because body stores can last for years owing to efficient enterohepatic recycling mechanisms.

• #50 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cant function properly. […] There are a number of problems that can lead to a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, including: pernicious anaemia where your immune system attacks healthy cells in your stomach, preventing your body from absorbing vitamin B12 from the food you eat; this is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK […] A vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can be the result of a variety of problems, some of which are described below. […] Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of either of these vitamins affects the bodys ability to produce fully functioning red blood cells. […] A lack of vitamin B12 (with or without anaemia) can cause the following complications: neurological problems (issues affecting your nervous system), such as: vision problems, memory loss, pins and needles (paraesthesia), loss of physical coordination (ataxia), which can affect your whole body and cause difficulty speaking or walking, damage to parts of the nervous system (peripheral neuropathy), particularly in the legs. […] A lack of folate (with or without anaemia) can also cause complications, some of which are outlined below.

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