Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vitamin Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17732-vitamin-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin deficiency anemia is a condition that develops when you have low levels of vitamin B12 or B9 (folate). […] Treatment for vitamin deficiency anemia aims to increase your levels of the vitamin youre lacking. Your provider will determine the best dosage and type of treatment. […] There are a variety of vitamin B12 or folate supplements, including: dissolvable tablet, injection, intravenous (IV) line, nasal spray, pill. […] You continue treatment until your vitamin levels increase changing your diet can also often help a lot. If you have an underlying health condition that led to vitamin deficiency anemia, you will need to continue treatment long-term to prevent a deficiency from returning. […] Vitamin deficiency anemia is when your body doesnt make enough healthy red blood cells. It commonly develops because of a deficiency in vitamins B12 or B9. Treatment for this type of anemia focuses on restoring your B12 or B9 levels. You may take supplements by mouth, injection or through an IV.

• #2 Vitamin deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355025

  Vitamin deficiency anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells caused by lower than usual amounts of vitamin B-12 and folate. […] Vitamin supplements, taken by pill or injection, can correct the deficiencies. […] You can prevent some forms of vitamin deficiency anemia by choosing a healthy diet that includes a variety of foods. […] Most people get enough vitamins from the foods they eat. But if your diet is restricted or you’ve had gastric bypass surgery, you may wish to take a multivitamin.

• #3 Vitamin deficiency anemia | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia?content_id=CON-20212610

  Vitamin deficiency anemia is treated with doses of whichever vitamin is lacking. For pernicious anemia, vitamin B-12 is usually delivered via injection and may need to be taken regularly for the rest of your life. […] Vitamin B-12 is available as: Injections into a muscle or under the skin, Pills to be swallowed, A liquid or tablet that dissolves under the tongue, Nose gel or sprays. […] Medications to boost folate levels usually come as pills to be swallowed, but some versions can be delivered through a narrow, flexible tube into a vein (intravenously).

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/treatment/

  The treatment for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia depends on what’s causing the condition. Most people can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is usually treated with injections of vitamin B12, called hydroxocobalamin. […] If your vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by a lack of the vitamin in your diet, you may be advised to take vitamin B12 tablets every day between meals. […] If your vitamin B12 deficiency is not caused by a lack of vitamin B12 in your diet, you’ll usually need to have an injection of hydroxocobalamin every 2 to 3 months for the rest of your life. […] To treat folate deficiency anaemia, your GP will usually prescribe daily folic acid tablets to build up your folate levels. […] Most people need to take folic acid tablets for about 4 months. But if the underlying cause of your folate deficiency anaemia continues, you may have to take folic acid tablets for longer, possibly for life.

• #5 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0915/p384.html

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can be treated with intramuscular injections of cyanocobalamin or oral vitamin B12 therapy. Approximately 10% of the standard injectable dose of 1 mg is absorbed, which allows for rapid replacement in patients with severe deficiency or severe neurologic symptoms. Guidelines from the British Society for Haematology recommend injections three times per week for two weeks in patients without neurologic deficits. If neurologic deficits are present, injections should be given every other day for up to three weeks or until no further improvement is noted. […] A 2005 Cochrane review involving 108 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency found that high-dose oral replacement (1 mg to 2 mg per day) was as effective as parenteral administration for correcting anemia and neurologic symptoms. However, oral therapy does not improve serum methylmalonic acid levels as well as intramuscular therapy, although the clinical relevance is unclear. […] The British Society for Haematology recommends intramuscular vitamin B12 for severe deficiency and malabsorption syndromes, whereas oral replacement may be considered for patients with asymptomatic, mild disease with no absorption or compliance concerns.

• #6 Pernicious Anemia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cobalamin Therapy, Blood Transfusions

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204930-treatment

  The following goals are the most important in establishing care for patients with pernicious anemia: […] To treat the patient with adequate doses of cobalamin […] Once therapy is started, hospitalization is necessary only for patients with severe life-threatening anemia. It may be required until patients develop an adequate hematologic response. […] Vitamin B12 is available for therapeutic use parenterally as either cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. […] A number of regimens have been recommended. One regimen begins with daily subcutaneous administration for the first week. […] Cobalamin deficiency-related neurologic impairment can vary in clinical presentation, including acute combined system degeneration, peripheral neuropathy, and psychosis. These neuropathies should be treated more aggressively.

• #7 Pernicious Anemia Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pernicious_anemia/article.htm

  What is the treatment for pernicious anemia and vitamin B-12 deficiency? The symptoms of pernicious anemia and vitamin B-12 deficiency can be treated by replenishing the vitamin B-12 supply in the body. If a condition other than pernicious anemia is responsible for vitamin B-12 deficiency, the treatment also must be directed at the underlying condition. Symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency may be improved after just a few days of medical treatment. […] Vitamin B-12 is typically given as an intramuscular injection (shot). An injection of 1000 micrograms (1 mg) of vitamin B-12 is generally given every day for one week, followed by 1 mg every week for four weeks, and then 1 mg every month thereafter. […] Alternative treatments for pernicious anemia include: High-dose oral vitamin B-12 since a lower-efficiency absorption system for vitamin B-12 exists in the intestine that does not require the presence of IF. However, the oral dose required for this type of therapy (1 to 2 milligrams/day) is more than 200 times higher than the minimum daily vitamin B-12 requirement for adults and is significantly higher than that available in most standard multivitamins and B-12 supplements. Nasal spray and sublingual (under the tongue) preparations of vitamin B-12 also are available and are under investigation.

• #8 B12 deficiency – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/b12-deficiency/

  Vitamin B12 supplementation should be initiated upon diagnosis, with the remainder of management based upon specific hematologic and/or neuropsychiatric abnormalities. If medications are thought to contribute to the deficiency, they should be discontinued as allowed. […] Vitamin B12 supplementation should begin upon admission. Traditionally a non-per os (non-PO) route has been used, consisting of 1000mcg subcutaneous/intramuscular (SC/IM) daily for 1 week, followed by weekly for 1 month, followed by monthly administration indefinitely. […] More recent evidence has indicated that per os (PO) routes of administration are acceptable, usually consisting of 1000mcg PO daily indefinitely. Sublingual and nasal routes of administration are available; these are more expensive and less extensively studied. Folic acid replacement is usually initiated at the same time as B12 deficiency. Folic acid, without B12, can worsen neurological symptoms of B12 deficiency so should never be started on its own without having ruled out B12 deficiency.

• #9 Pernicious anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anemia

  Pernicious anemia can be treated with injections of vitamin B12. […] Pernicious anemia is usually easily treated by providing the necessary level of vitamin B12 supplementation. […] Initially in high daily doses, followed by less frequent lower doses, as the condition improves. […] As long as the body is saturated with vitamin B12 expected to result in cessation of anemia-related symptoms and there are no other symptoms, unless there are irreversible neurological complications. […] In some severe cases of anemia, a blood transfusion may be needed to resolve haematological effects. […] Treatment is lifelong. […] The treatment of PA varies by country and area.

• #10 Pernicious Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pernicious-anemia

  Pernicious anemia is when the body cannot absorb enough vitamin B12 in the small intestine, causing a drop in red blood cells. […] Treatment for pernicious anemia involves vitamin B12 injections to restore levels to an optimal range, followed by continued injections or oral medications to maintain these levels. […] Today, the condition is relatively easy to treat with vitamin B12 injections or possibly oral supplementation. […] Pernicious anemia and other vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to small intestinal malabsorption can be treated with an intramuscular B12 injection by your physician. […] High-dose oral vitamin B12 supplementation may be an effective option for some people with pernicious anemia as well. […] Treatment of pernicious anemia usually consists of vitamin B12 injections that are followed closely over time.

• #11 Treatment of vitamin b(12)-deficiency anemia: oral versus parenteral therapy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12086562/

  Objective: To evaluate the use of oral cyanocobalamin therapy in the treatment of cobalamin (vitamin B(12))-deficient anemia. […] Several studies provide evidence that daily oral cyanocobalamin as opposed to monthly parenteral formulations may adequately treat both types of cobalamin-deficient anemias. […] Daily oral cyanocobalamin at doses of 1000-2000 microg can be used for treatment in most cobalamin-deficient patients who can tolerate oral supplementation. There are inadequate data at the present time to support the use of oral cyanocobalamin replacement in patients with severe neurologic involvement.

• #12 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Most cases of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins. […] Vitamin B12 supplements are usually given by injection at first. Then, depending on whether your B12 deficiency is related to your diet, you’ll either require B12 tablets between meals or regular injections. These treatments may be needed for the rest of your life. […] Folic acid tablets are used to restore folate levels. These usually need to be taken for four months. […] In some cases, improving your diet can help treat the condition and prevent it recurring. Vitamin B12 is found in meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, yeast extract (such as Marmite) and specially fortified foods. The best sources of folate include green vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts and peas.

• #13 Vitamin B12 & folate anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  The treatment for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia depends on what’s causing the condition. Most people can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins. […] To treat folate deficiency anaemia, your GP will usually prescribe daily folic acid tablets to build up your folate levels. They may also give you dietary advice so you can increase your folate intake. […] Most people need to take folic acid tablets for about four months. However, if the underlying cause of your folate deficiency anaemia continues, you may have to take folic acid tablets for longer possibly for life.

• #14 B12 deficiency – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/b12-deficiency/

  Since anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency occurs over the course of months and therefore allows time for compensation in oxygen delivery, transfusion of packed red blood cells should be based upon clinical criteria and not absolute hemoglobin value alone. […] Documentation of normalization of initially elevated serum iron, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and indirect bilirubin are consistent with an appropriate hematologic response to vitamin B12 supplementation in patients with anemia. Reticulocyte count should begin to increase 3-4 days after initiation of B12 supplementation and should peak at around 7 days. MMA should return to normal limits within 7 days of initiation of treatment. […] Vitamin B12 supplementation should be continued indefinitely unless a reversible cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is identified (i.e. medications, infection, reversible malabsorption, diet, etc.). A diet rich in meat, milk, cheese and eggs is also recommended.

• #15 Anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/anemia

  The cause of your anemia, and how serious your anemia is, will determine your treatment. Your doctor may suggest changes in your diet to make sure you get all the nutrients you need, such as vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid. Your doctor may also suggest nutritional supplements or medication. If your anemia is due to an underlying disease, your doctor will treat that disease. […] Vitamin B12 helps in cases of vitamin deficient or pernicious anemia. Dietary sources include liver, meats, eggs, tuna, and cheese. People with pernicious anemia cannot absorb the proper amount of vitamin B12 and may need lifelong supplements. […] Folic acid can be taken for folic acid deficiency, which can cause anemia. Good food sources include green leafy vegetables, orange juice, and grains. Taking a folic acid supplement can hide a vitamin B12 deficiency, so always take vitamin B12 when taking folic acid.

• #16

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamin-b12-or-folate-deficiency-anaemia/

  Most cases of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins. […] Vitamin B12 supplements are usually given by injection at first. […] Then, depending on whether your B12 deficiency is related to your diet, you’ll either require B12 tablets between meals or regular injections. […] Treatments may last until your vitamin B12 levels have improved or you may need treatment for the rest of your life. […] Folic acid tablets are used to restore folate levels. These usually need to be taken for 4 months. […] In some cases, improving your diet can help treat the condition and prevent it coming back.

• #17 How is Pernicious Anemia Treated? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-pernicious-anemia/how-pernicious-anemia-treated

  Doctors treat pernicious anemia by replacing the missing vitamin B12 in the body. People who have pernicious anemia may need lifelong treatment. […] Pernicious anemia usually is easy to treat with vitamin B12 shots or pills. […] If you have severe pernicious anemia, your doctor may recommend shots first. […] For less severe pernicious anemia, your doctor may recommend large doses of vitamin B12 pills. […] Your signs and symptoms may begin to improve within a few days after you start treatment. […] If your pernicious anemia is caused by something other than a lack of intrinsic factor, you may get treatment for the cause (if a cause can be found). […] Infants of strict vegetarian mothers may be given vitamin B12 supplements from birth.

• #18 Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and Folate Deficiency – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/vitamin-b12

  B12 deficiency can cause preventable permanent injury and should be considered with new onset neurological conditions and symptoms suggestive of B12 deficiency (See Low B12 symptoms section below). […] Consider B12 supplementation without testing in asymptomatic patients with risk factors for B12 deficiency. […] In suspected B12 deficiency, supplement both B12 and folate. […] Early treatment of B12 deficiency is particularly important because neurologic symptoms may be irreversible. […] Consider supplementation when patients adhere to a vegan or strict vegetarian diet. […] Consider supplementation when the patient has risk factors associated with B12 Deficiency as described in see Table 1: Patient Risk Factors Associated with B12 Deficiency above. […] Patients with pernicious anemia require lifelong therapy, while patients with malabsorption require treatment until underlying condition or diet is corrected.

• #19 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Treatment depends on the cause of B12 deficiency anemia. The goal of treatment is to increase your vitamin B12 level. […] Treatment may include a shot of vitamin B12 once a month. If you have a very low level of B12, you may need more shots in the beginning. It is possible you may need shots every month for the rest of your life. […] Some people may respond to treatment by taking vitamin B12 supplements by mouth. […] Your provider will also recommend that you eat a variety of foods. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia most often responds well to treatment. It will likely get better when the underlying cause of the deficiency is treated.

• #20 Pernicious anemia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000569.htm

  Pernicious anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12. […] The goal of treatment is to increase your vitamin B12 level: […] Treatment involves a shot of vitamin B12 once a month. People with severely low levels of B12 may need more shots in the beginning. […] Some people may be adequately treated by taking large doses of vitamin B12 supplements by mouth. […] A certain type of vitamin B12 may be given through the nose. […] Most people often do well with treatment. […] It is important to start treatment early. Nerve damage can be permanent if treatment does not start within 6 months of symptoms. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. […] There is no known way to prevent this type of vitamin B12 anemia. However, early detection and treatment can help reduce complications.

• #21 Pernicious Anaemia and B12 Deficiency | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pernicious-anaemia-and-b12-deficiency

  Management of pernicious anaemia […] Response to treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency can vary and depends on the cause of the vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms may start to improve within 2 weeks, but this may take up to 3 months. It can take much longer for symptoms to disappear altogether. Symptoms may get worse initially during treatment. […] Lifelong intramuscular vitamin B12 replacement if: autoimmune gastritis is the cause, or suspected cause, of vitamin B12 deficiency, or they have had a total gastrectomy, or a complete terminal ileal resection. […] If vitamin B12 deficiency because of malabsorption that is not caused by autoimmune gastritis, or a total gastrectomy or complete terminal ileal resection (eg, malabsorption caused by coeliac disease, partial gastrectomy or some forms of bariatric surgery): vitamin B12 replacement and consider intramuscular instead of oral vitamin B12 replacement (oral dose should be at least 1 mg a day). […] Offer vitamin B12 replacement, and consider oral instead of intramuscular vitamin B12 replacement and review response to treatment at the person’s first follow-up appointment.

• #22 Vitamin Deficiency Anemia – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/anemia/vitamin-deficiency-anemia

  Vitamin deficiency anemia results from low or depleted levels of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid). […] The treatment of anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency consists of replacing the deficient vitamin. […] Commonly, vitamin B12 is administered by injection, particularly when the deficiency is severe or caused by an inability to absorb the vitamin from the digestive tract. […] At first, injections are given daily or weekly for several weeks until the blood levels of vitamin B12 return to normal. […] Then injections are given once a month. […] Vitamin B12 can also be taken daily as a nose spray, a tablet placed under the tongue, or a tablet that is swallowed. […] People who have anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency may need to take vitamin B12 supplements for life. […] Folic acid can be taken as one tablet daily.

• #23 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22831-vitamin-b12-deficiency

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can be treated with vitamin B12 medications. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency can be treated with vitamin B12. It’s often treated with cyanocobalamin, a human-made form of vitamin B12. Depending on the cause of the deficiency, you may only need treatment until your vitamin B12 levels are back to normal, or you may need vitamin B12 therapy for the rest of your life. Options for vitamin B12 treatment include: Vitamin B12 oral medication. Vitamin B12 intramuscular injections (a shot that goes into your muscle). Vitamin B12 nasal gel. Vitamin B12 nasal spray. […] The prognosis for people with vitamin B12 deficiency depends on how early the deficiency is diagnosed and treated. If the vitamin B12 deficiency is caught early, most symptoms improve with treatment. Depending on the cause of your vitamin B12 deficiency, you may have to only take medication for a short amount of time, or you may have to take medication for the rest of your life.

• #24 Pernicious Anemia Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Cobalamin Therapy, Blood Transfusions

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204930-treatment

  Limited studies have shown that adequate therapy can be maintained after the initial parenteral loading doses through oral ingestion of 250-1000 g of vitamin B12 daily. […] The oral route may be necessary in the rare patients who have allergic reactions to parenteral administration, or in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet agent therapy, in whom intramuscular injections are contraindicated. […] Transfusions are rarely required in patients with a megaloblastic anemia that is due to vitamin B12 deficiency. […] People who are strict vegetarians and, most particularly, people who do not consume eggs, milk, or meat can develop cobalamin deficiency. Counsel these people to either change their dietary habits or remain on supplementary vitamin B12 therapy for their lifetime. […] Prophylactically treat patients with cobalamin when they have undergone total gastrectomy, bypass procedures for weight reduction, ileectomy, pancreatectomy, or when they have atrophic gastritis or chronic inflammatory disease of the ileum. […] Outpatient follow-up of patients with pernicious anemia is required to ensure that they have responded to therapy with cobalamin and that they continue to receive cobalamin on a regular basis for the remainder of their lives.

• #25 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Signs, Causes and Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/vitamin-b12-deficiency/

  People who have symptoms that affect their nervous system, such as pins and needles or numbness, may be referred to a hematologist for specialized management of the deficiency. It may be necessary for them to have injections every two months or more frequently, for life. […] Vitamin B12 injections typically do not have any side-effects other than a small amount of discomfort where the needle is inserted. […] Follow-up blood tests will generally be requested one to three months after starting treatment, to check that vitamin B12 levels have returned to normal. Thereafter, a doctor may advise a once-yearly follow-up test. […] In most cases, a vitamin B12 deficiency is easy to treat and complications are rare. However, in some cases, particularly where there has been a severe or prolonged deficiency, nerve damage may be permanent and irreversible.

• #26 Diagnosis, Treatment and Long-Term Management of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adults: A Delphi Expert Consensus

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/8/2176

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause variable symptoms, which may be irreversible if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. […] Regardless of the cause of the deficiency, initial treatment with parenteral B12 was regarded as the first choice for patients with acute and severe manifestations of B12 deficiency. The use of high-dose oral B12 at different frequencies may be considered for long-term treatment. […] The severity of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms at first presentation affects the choice of treatment modality. For example, initial parenteral treatment is used when the clinical symptoms are severe. […] The panelists agreed that the acuity and severity of the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency necessitate prioritizing treatment with parenteral vitamin B12. […] If vitamin B12 treatment failed to alleviate the patient’s symptoms, the panelists agreed that doctors should consider alternative conditions that may explain the symptoms and should reevaluate the appropriateness of the dose of B12 therapy. […] The detection and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy should receive high priority due to the otherwise serious impact on fetal and infant development.

• #27 Nutritional-deficiency anemia: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/188770

  Vitamin-deficiency anemia can develop when a persons diet contains too little vitamin B-12 or folate, which is vitamin B-9. The condition can also develop if the body is unable to absorb these vitamins effectively. It is most common in older people. […] To treat nutritional-deficiency anemia, a doctor will recommend having a varied diet that contains plenty of mineral-rich and fortified foods. They may also recommend supplements, if appropriate. […] If dietary changes do not improve a persons anemia, the doctor may recommend supplements. […] Most people take these by mouth, but a person with a severe deficiency may need to receive the nutrients intravenously. In very severe cases, a blood transfusion is necessary. […] A person may need to take folic acid supplements for 4 months, and they are available in pill form. […] Doctors often prescribe iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy. A healthcare professional can recommend specific dosages. […] When a health issue is preventing the body from absorbing nutrients, a person may need to take supplements for life.

• #28 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-symptoms-causes

  Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive problems (problems with thinking, judgment, and learning) and memory issues. So, it may play a role in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. […] Treatment depends on the reason for your low levels of B12. […] Several autoimmune diseases can make it harder for your body to absorb B12, including pernicious anemia. […] To treat them, you’ll probably need shots of vitamin B12 at first, and then you may need to keep getting shots, or taking high doses of a supplement by mouth or nasally. […] If your B12 deficiency is because of your diet, you can start eating more meat, fish, and dairy products. […] If you don’t eat animal products, you can change your diet to include vitamin B12-fortified breads and cereals or B12 supplements. […] For most people, treatment resolves the problem. But if you have nerve damage from your lack of B12, it could be permanent.

• #29 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Usually, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is easy to treat with diet and vitamin supplements. To increase the amount of vitamin B12 in your diet, eat more of foods that contain it, such as: […] Beef, liver, and chicken […] Fish and shellfish such as trout, salmon, tuna, and clams […] Fortified breakfast cereal […] Low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese […] Eggs […] Your doctor might recommend that you also take a vitamin B12 supplement. It comes in pills or a nasal spray. If you’re very low in B12, you can get higher-dose vitamin B12 shots. You may need to take vitamin B12 for the rest of your life, especially if you have neurological symptoms. You might also need to get treated for the condition that causes your anemia. For instance, you may need antibiotics if your anemia was caused by bad bacteria.

• #30 Vitamin B12 deficiency – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency

  Treatment is by vitamin B12 supplementation, either by mouth or by injection. […] Initially in high daily doses, followed by less frequent lower doses, as the condition improves. […] If a reversible cause is found, that cause should be corrected if possible. […] If no reversible cause is found, or when found it cannot be eliminated, lifelong vitamin B12 administration is usually recommended. […] More serious vitamin B12 deficiency requires injections initially. […] A 2019 study suggested that oral B12 is inferior to B12 injections in severe cases, as „there is no proof in large prospective, double-blind studies that oral supplementation is as effective in reducing symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency as parenteral treatment.”

• #31 Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  Rarely, you may get a blood transfusion along with B12 treatment. But this would be only if you were at risk of some kind of serious heart problem or other emergency situation, rather than just having low hemoglobin levels. […] It’s best to get treated for B12 deficiency anemia and avoid any long-term problems.

• #32 Iron-Deficiency Anemia – Hematology.org

  https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/iron-deficiency

  Even if the cause of the iron deficiency can be identified and treated, it is still usually necessary to take medicinal iron (more iron than a multivitamin can provide) until the deficiency is corrected and the body’s iron stores are replenished. […] In some cases, your doctor may recommend intravenous (IV) iron. IV iron may be necessary to treat iron deficiency in patients who do not absorb iron well in the gastrointestinal tract, patients with severe iron deficiency or chronic blood loss, patients who are receiving supplemental erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates blood production, or patients who cannot tolerate oral iron. […] Red blood cell transfusions may be given to patients with severe iron-deficiency anemia who are actively bleeding or have significant symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness. Transfusions are given to replace deficient red blood cells and will not completely correct the iron deficiency.

• #33 How Is Aplastic Anemia Treated? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/aplastic-anemia/how-aplastic-anemia-treated

  Low levels of vitamins or iron in the body can cause some types of anemia. […] To raise your vitamin or iron level, your doctor may ask you to change your diet or take vitamin or iron supplements. Common vitamin supplements are vitamin B12 and folic acid (folate). Vitamin C sometimes is given to help the body absorb iron. […] Low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to pernicious anemia. This type of anemia often is treated with vitamin B12 supplements. […] Folic acid (folate) is a form of vitamin B that’s found in foods. Your body needs folic acid to make and maintain new cells. Folic acid also is very important for pregnant women. It helps them avoid anemia and promotes healthy growth of the fetus. […] Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help your body make more red blood cells or to treat an underlying cause of anemia. […] If your anemia is severe, your doctor may recommend a medical procedure. Procedures include blood transfusions and blood and marrow stem cell transplants. […] If you have serious or life-threatening bleeding that’s causing anemia, you may need surgery.

• #34 Vitamin B12 deficiency Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vitamin-b12-deficiency.html

  In people whose vitamin B12 deficiency is related to overgrowth of intestinal bacteria, treatment with oral antibiotics, such as tetracycline (sold under several brand names), may stop bacterial overgrowth and allow the absorption of vitamin B12 to return to normal. […] Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake is the easiest to treat. The condition can be reversed by taking oral vitamin B12 supplements and adding foods containing B12. […] When the anemia is severe and the red blood cell count is extremely low, blood transfusions may be necessary for the first couple of days until the vitamin B12 injections begin working.

• #35 Metformin and reduced vitamin B12 levels: new advice for monitoring patients at risk – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/metformin-and-reduced-vitamin-b12-levels-new-advice-for-monitoring-patients-at-risk

  Decreased vitamin B12 levels, or vitamin B12 deficiency, is now considered to be a common side effect in patients on metformin treatment, especially in those receiving a higher dose or longer treatment duration and in those with existing risk factors. […] We also advise that periodic monitoring for patients with risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered. […] Metformin can commonly reduce vitamin B12 levels in patients, which may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Test vitamin B12 serum levels if deficiency is suspected (for example, in patients presenting with megaloblastic anaemia or new-onset neuropathy) and follow current clinical guidelines on investigation and management of vitamin B12 deficiency. […] Consider periodic vitamin B12 monitoring in patients with risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency.

• #36 Anemia – Hematology.org

  https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia

  Vitamin-deficiency anemia may result from low levels of vitamin B12 or folate (folic acid), usually due to poor dietary intake. […] Treatment varies from changing your diet to taking dietary supplements. […] Talk with your doctor if you believe you may be at risk for anemia. Your doctor will determine your best course of treatment and, depending on your condition, may refer you to a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in blood disorders. […] While many types of anemia cannot be prevented, eating healthy foods can help you avoid both iron-and vitamin-deficiency anemia. Foods to include in your diet include those with high levels of iron (beef, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, and nuts), vitamin B-12 (meat and dairy), and folic acid (citrus juices, dark green leafy vegetables, legumes, and fortified cereals). A daily multivitamin will also help prevent nutritional anemias; however, older adults should not take iron supplements for iron-deficiency anemia unless instructed by their physicians.

• #37 Folate Deficiency Anemia Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/folate-deficiency-anemia/

  Folate deficiency anemia is a blood problem that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough folate (folic acid). This B vitamin helps your body make red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Without enough folate, the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells (anemia). Anemia can make you feel weak and tired. […] If you think you have anemia, it’s important to see your doctor and get tested so you can get the right treatment. Being treated for a shortage of folate when your anemia is caused by something else can be dangerous. […] To treat the anemia, you may take folic acid pills each day to bring your folate level back up. […] After your folate levels are normal, eat foods rich in folate and folic acid so you don’t get anemia again. These foods include breads and cereals fortified with folic acid, citrus fruits, and dark green, leafy vegetables.

• #38 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia involves taking iron supplements to boost the low levels of iron in your body. This is usually effective, and the condition rarely causes long-term problems. […] You’ll need to be monitored every few months to check the treatment is working and your iron levels have returned to normal. […] The underlying cause will need to be treated so you don’t get anaemia again. Increasing the amount of iron in your diet may also be recommended. […] Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia usually involves taking iron supplements and changing your diet to increase your iron levels, as well as treating the underlying cause. […] Your GP will prescribe an iron supplement to restore the iron missing from your body. The most commonly prescribed supplement is ferrous sulphate, which is taken as a tablet, usually twice a day.

• #39 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  If a lack of iron in your diet is thought to be contributing to your iron deficiency anaemia, your GP will tell you how to up your intake. […] Your GP will also need to ensure the underlying cause of your anaemia is treated so it doesn’t happen again. […] Your GP will ask you to return two to four weeks after you’ve started taking iron supplements to check how well you’ve responded to the treatment. […] If your iron levels don’t improve, your GP will ask how regularly you’ve been taking your iron supplements.

• #40 Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/3/153

  Megaloblastic anemia can be diagnosed based on characteristic morphologic and laboratory findings. However, other benign and neoplastic diseases need to be considered, particularly in severe cases. Therapy involves treating the underlying cause, eg, with vitamin supplementation in cases of deficiency, or with discontinuation of a suspected medication. […] Oral supplementation is available for both vitamin deficiencies; intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation should be used in cases involving severe neurologic symptoms or gastric or bowel resection. […] Treatment is specific to the underlying condition and usually involves supplementing the deficient vitamin. With either vitamin B12 or folate supplementation, the rapid bone marrow response can push borderline iron stores into deficiency, so patients should be monitored for iron and provided with supplementation as needed.

• #41 Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/vitamin-b12-deficiency-2488570

  Vitamin B12 deficiency can be managed with supplemental B12. This could be an oral supplement or an injection. If your B12 deficiency is caused by a problem with absorption, you may need an injection. The injection will help the vitamin absorb directly into your body. […] Some patients need lifelong B12 supplementation. This usually depends on the cause of the deficiency. You may need to continue taking B12 supplements even after your symptoms improve. […] Recovery from vitamin B12 deficiency takes time. You may not have any improvement during the first few months of treatment. Improvement may be gradual and may continue for up to six to 12 months. […] You may have long-lasting symptoms even after treatment. Numbness, tingling, and weakness can impair your balance. A physical or occupational therapist can help you develop strategies to cope with these long-term problems. […] Memory problems can improve as your vitamin B12 levels are corrected. Still, you may have some deficits in your thinking skills for a long time. Cognitive rehabilitation and therapy can help you improve your thinking and problem-solving skills.

• #42 Anemia – Vitamin B12–Deficiency Anemia | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/vitamin-b12-deficiency-anemia

  If your doctor diagnoses you with vitamin B12deficiency anemia, your treatment will depend on the cause and seriousness of your condition. Some people need lifelong treatment. […] Different therapies can be used to treat anemia. […] Vitamin B12 medicine can be prescribed by your provider for you to take by mouth or as a nose spray or a shot. These supplements can help increase the levels of vitamin B12 in your body. For serious vitamin B12deficiency anemia, your doctor may recommend vitamin B12 shots until your levels are healthy. […] Blood transfusions to treat serious vitamin B12deficiency anemia in combination with vitamin B12 treatment. […] Your care provider may also recommend you make some changes to your eating habits to help increase the amount of vitamin B12 in your diet. […] Some symptoms may take months to improve, depending on how serious they are. Some symptoms related to the brain or the nerves, such as numbness and tingling, may not go away even with treatment.

• #43 Metformin and reduced vitamin B12 levels: new advice for monitoring patients at risk – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/metformin-and-reduced-vitamin-b12-levels-new-advice-for-monitoring-patients-at-risk

  Administer corrective treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency in line with current clinical guidelines; continue metformin therapy for as long as it is tolerated and not contraindicated. […] The updated product information also includes new advice to healthcare professionals to test vitamin B12 levels in those presenting with anaemia or neuropathy and that periodic vitamin B12 monitoring should be considered in patients with risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency.

• #44 Ask Dr. Rob about vitamin B12 deficiency – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/ask-dr-rob-about-vitamin-b12-deficiency

  Vitamin B12 deficiency treatment varies depending on the cause, the goal is to increase the blood level of vitamin B12. This can be done by changing the diet, discontinuing medications (with your doctor’s approval) that can impair B12 absorption, moderating alcohol use, eliminating gluten from the diet (if you have celiac disease), receiving treatment for Crohn disease, adding oral supplements or having regular injections of vitamin B12. Many people require more than one of these approaches. […] While the anemia can be readily and reliably treated by increasing the vitamin B12 level, nerve damage may be permanent. […] Most healthy people who have a well-balanced diet do not need to worry much about vitamin B12 deficiency. However, for those at risk (such as those with celiac disease), measures of blood vitamin B12 levels and, in some cases, preventive therapy with vitamin B12 may be recommended. Permanent nerve damage can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment. Checking labels of foods for vitamin B12 levels can be helpful if you’ve had low or borderline levels in the past.

• #45 Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Anemia

  https://healthlibrary.rumcsi.org/Library/NutritionalSupplements/Herbs/85,P00080

  Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia often occur together and can be hard to tell apart. Treatment may include vitamin B-12 pills, nasal spray, or shots (injections) for more serious deficiency or folic acid pills. […] Taking folic acid by mouth works better than eating foods rich in folic acid. Vitamin B-12 is not as well absorbed by mouth as by injection. […] Depending on the cause of your vitamin B-12 deficiency, you may need to take vitamin B-12 supplements for the rest of your life. These may be pills or shots. This may seem difficult. But it will let you live a normal life without symptoms. […] Treatment may include vitamin B-12 supplements. It is also important to eat a well-balanced diet that is rich in Vitamin B-12.

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