Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Achalasia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achalasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352850

  Achalasia symptoms generally appear gradually and get worse over time. Symptoms may include: […] Difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia, which may feel like food or drink is stuck in the throat. […] Swallowed food or saliva flowing back into the throat. […] Heartburn. […] Belching. […] Chest pain that comes and goes. […] Coughing at night. […] Pneumonia from getting food in the lungs. […] Weight loss. […] Vomiting.

• #2 Achalasia (Esophagus Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17534-achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly, with symptoms lasting for months or years. Symptoms include: […] Yes, it can be, especially if it goes untreated. If you have achalasia, you’ll gradually experience increased trouble eating solid foods and drinking liquids. Achalasia can cause considerable weight loss and malnutrition. […] Achalasia symptoms include trouble swallowing (dysphagia). This is the most common early symptom. […] Weight loss/malnutrition from difficulty eating. This is a late symptom. […] Long-term follow-up is needed regardless of which treatment you receive. This is because treatments are palliative meaning they relieve symptoms and do not cure achalasia or halt its progression. Symptoms can return.

• #3 Patient education: Achalasia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achalasia-beyond-the-basics/print

  Achalasia is an uncommon swallowing disorder that affects about 1 in every 100,000 people. The major symptom of achalasia is usually difficulty with swallowing. Most people are diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 60 years. Although the condition cannot be cured, the symptoms can usually be controlled with treatment. […] The most common symptom of achalasia is difficulty swallowing. Patients often experience the sensation that swallowed material, both solids and liquids, gets stuck in the chest. This problem often begins slowly and progresses gradually. Many people do not seek help until symptoms are advanced. Some people compensate by eating more slowly and by using maneuvers, such as lifting the neck or throwing the shoulders back, to improve emptying of the esophagus. […] Other symptoms can include chest pain, regurgitation of swallowed food and liquid, heartburn, difficulty burping, a sensation of fullness or a lump in the throat, hiccups, and weight loss.

• #4 Achalasia – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/achalasia

  Achalasia may occur at any age but usually begins, almost unnoticed, between the ages of 20 and 60 and then progresses gradually over many months or years. […] The main symptoms of achalasia are trouble swallowing, spitting up of liquid and food, chest pain, and weight loss. […] Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) of both solids and liquids is the main symptom. Although less common, chest pain may occur during swallowing or for no apparent reason. About one third of people who have achalasia spit up (regurgitate) liquids and undigested food. […] Mild to moderate weight loss also occurs. When people have significant weight loss, especially older adults whose symptoms of dysphagia developed rapidly, doctors consider and usually look for a tumor at the gastroesophageal junction (the place where the esophagus connects to the stomach).

• #5 Achalasia (Esophagus Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17534-achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly, with symptoms lasting for months or years. Symptoms include: […] Yes, it can be, especially if it goes untreated. If you have achalasia, you’ll gradually experience increased trouble eating solid foods and drinking liquids. Achalasia can cause considerable weight loss and malnutrition. […] Achalasia symptoms include trouble swallowing (dysphagia). This is the most common early symptom. […] Weight loss/malnutrition from difficulty eating. This is a late symptom. […] Long-term follow-up is needed regardless of which treatment you receive. This is because treatments are palliative meaning they relieve symptoms and do not cure achalasia or halt its progression. Symptoms can return.

• #6 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #7 Achalasia Causes, Symptoms, Diet & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/achalasia/article.htm

  Achalasia is viewed as consisting of three stages or types. The earliest stage or type is considered to be when the sphincter does not open appropriately, and the contractions of the lower esophageal body are weak or intermittent. Dysphagia is often mild, and patients learn how to adjust their eating habits to get around the problem. If caught at this stage and treated appropriately, it is believed that the prognosis is excellent and later stages may be prevented. Over time without treatment, it is believed that the destruction of the nerves and muscles as well as the obstruction posed by the sphincter leads to the development of failure of the esophageal muscle to generate contractions and esophageal dilation, considered a second type of achalasia. […] Symptoms of achalasia include: Difficulty swallowing food, Difficulty swallowing both solid and liquid food, Regurgitation of food that is retained in the esophagus. If this happens at night, food may be aspirated into the lungs, a serious medical problem, Chest discomfort from esophageal dilation and/or retained food, Sharp chest pain is usually of unclear cause, Heartburn; however, heartburn is not characteristic of heartburn and is not helped by treatment for heartburn, Loss of weight due to reduced intake of food.

• #8 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  Achalasia is an esophageal smooth muscle motility disorder that occurs due to a failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This condition causes a functional obstruction at the gastroesophageal junction. […] The majority of patients with achalasia typically present with dysphagia, initially with solids than to liquids though 70-97% of patients will have dysphagia to both solids and liquids at presentation. Dysphagia and regurgitation are the most common presenting symptoms in achalasia. More than half of patients will present with chest pain, but an improvement of esophageal emptying rarely alleviates the pain. As the disease progresses, patients may have symptoms of regurgitation with possible aspiration, nocturnal cough, heartburn, and weight loss from difficulty eating. Weight loss is often rapid because of the inability to swallow.

• #9 Achalasia (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/achalasia-pro

  The most common presenting feature is dysphagia. This affects solids more than soft food or liquids. […] Regurgitation may occur in 80-90% and some patients learn to induce it to relieve pain. […] Chest pain occurs in 25-50%. It occurs after eating and is described as retrosternal. It is more prevalent in early disease. […] Nocturnal cough and even inhalation of refluxed contents is a feature of later disease. […] Untreated achalasia may lead to nocturnal inhalation of material lodged in the oesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. […] Long-standing disease increases the risk.

• #10 SciELO Brazil – EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abcd/a/8FxFM5QxPcWNxsCGvrGQBDH/

  Dysphagia and regurgitation are the most common symptoms. Dysphagia may initially be noticed for solids only, but as many as 70-97% of patients with achalasia have dysphagia for both liquids and solids at presentation. The regurgitation of undigested, retained food occurs in about 75% of these patients. […] Other symptoms include chest pain that is experienced by nearly 40% of patients with it, which must be differentiated from angina pectoris of cardiological origin. About 60% of achalasia patients may have some degree of weight loss at presentation due to poor esophageal emptying and decreased or modified food intake. […] Symptoms only, however, do not reliably diagnose the disease since there is an overlap of symptoms with other esophageal diseases, particularly gastroesophageal reflux disease. Furthermore, symptoms presence or severity does not correlate with manometric findings, degree of esophageal dilatation or prognosis. A complete workup is necessary in these patients, not only for the diagnosis but for prognosis and to establish the proper therapeutic approach.

• #11 Achalasia (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/achalasia-pro

  The most common presenting feature is dysphagia. This affects solids more than soft food or liquids. […] Regurgitation may occur in 80-90% and some patients learn to induce it to relieve pain. […] Chest pain occurs in 25-50%. It occurs after eating and is described as retrosternal. It is more prevalent in early disease. […] Nocturnal cough and even inhalation of refluxed contents is a feature of later disease. […] Untreated achalasia may lead to nocturnal inhalation of material lodged in the oesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. […] Long-standing disease increases the risk.

• #12 Living With Achalasia | How to Live with Achalasia

  https://www.achalasia-action.org/living-with-achalasia/

  Achalasia interferes with the process of food and fluid passing down the oesophagus and into the stomach. Therefore there may be issues with what you can eat and drink, and this may have an impact on your nutritional well-being. […] The most common issue is obstruction of the oesophagus, which may cause discomfort and pain in the chest. […] Pain with achalasia is a particular problem as it is often unpredictable and sometimes occurs without an obvious trigger. […] Pain felt in the gullet (oesophagus) is often linked to irritation eg by hot or acidic foods, or by food getting stuck. […] The most serious cases of achalasia may result in malnutrition and weight loss, which impacts on nutritional well-being.

• #13 Achalasia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achalasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352850

  Achalasia symptoms generally appear gradually and get worse over time. Symptoms may include: […] Difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia, which may feel like food or drink is stuck in the throat. […] Swallowed food or saliva flowing back into the throat. […] Heartburn. […] Belching. […] Chest pain that comes and goes. […] Coughing at night. […] Pneumonia from getting food in the lungs. […] Weight loss. […] Vomiting.

• #14 Achalasia (Esophagus Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/achalasia-what-to-know

  Achalasia Symptoms […] The most common symptom of achalasia is trouble swallowing liquids and solid food. Food can also clog the esophagus, causing it to stretch and twist. […] People with the condition may also have: […] – Chest pain, especially after eating […] – Food coming back up into the throat […] – Heartburn and belching […] – Weight loss […] – Nighttime coughing […] – Vomiting […] – Pneumonia from breathing food into the lungs […] – Choking, or aspiration (caused by inhaling food or liquid into airways) […] – Hiccups or struggling to belch […] Having solid foods before going to bed may make symptoms worse. Foods such as meat and white or processed bread may also cause trouble. […] […] […] Achalasia happens when your body can’t move food through your esophagus and into your stomach like it should. Food can pile up near the bottom of your esophagus or get pushed back up into your mouth. Achalasia is a rare condition that can’t be cured, but treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms.

• #15 Achalasia (Esophagus Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17534-achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly, with symptoms lasting for months or years. Symptoms include: […] Yes, it can be, especially if it goes untreated. If you have achalasia, you’ll gradually experience increased trouble eating solid foods and drinking liquids. Achalasia can cause considerable weight loss and malnutrition. […] Achalasia symptoms include trouble swallowing (dysphagia). This is the most common early symptom. […] Weight loss/malnutrition from difficulty eating. This is a late symptom. […] Long-term follow-up is needed regardless of which treatment you receive. This is because treatments are palliative meaning they relieve symptoms and do not cure achalasia or halt its progression. Symptoms can return.

• #16 An Overview of Achalasia and Its Subtypes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5572971/

  Achalasia is one of the most studied esophageal motility disorders. Patients often present with dysphagia to solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. There is significant latency prior to diagnosis, which can have nutritional implications. Patients often present with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids, heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss or nutritional deficiencies. […] The degree of weight loss is widely variable, with an average weight loss of 20 16 lbs. […] Studies show that 35% to 91% of patients report weight loss during initial presentation. […] In a retrospective study assessing clinical, radiologic, and manometric profiles of 145 patients with untreated achalasia, 31% of patients with classic achalasia reported weight loss compared to 43% of patients with vigorous achalasia.

• #17 Achalasia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achalasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352850

  Achalasia symptoms generally appear gradually and get worse over time. Symptoms may include: […] Difficulty swallowing, called dysphagia, which may feel like food or drink is stuck in the throat. […] Swallowed food or saliva flowing back into the throat. […] Heartburn. […] Belching. […] Chest pain that comes and goes. […] Coughing at night. […] Pneumonia from getting food in the lungs. […] Weight loss. […] Vomiting.

• #18 Achalasia – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/achalasia

  Achalasia is a neurogenic esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing. Symptoms are slowly progressive dysphagia, usually to both liquids and solids, and regurgitation of undigested food. […] Achalasia occurs at any age but usually begins between ages 20 and 60. Onset is insidious, and progression is gradual over months or years. Dysphagia for both solids and liquids is the major symptom. Nocturnal regurgitation of undigested food occurs in about 33% of patients and may cause cough and pulmonary aspiration. Chest pain is less common but may occur with swallowing or spontaneously. […] Mild to moderate weight loss occurs; when weight loss is pronounced, particularly in older adults whose symptoms of dysphagia developed rapidly, pseudoachalasia secondary to a tumor of the gastroesophageal junction should be considered. […] Esophageal dilation and tortuosity are poor prognostic indicators. Pulmonary aspiration is a late-stage complication. Nocturnal regurgitation and coughing suggest aspiration. Pulmonary complications secondary to aspiration are difficult to manage.

• #19 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=134&contentid=167

  Achalasia often develops slowly. It becomes harder to swallow food and drinks over time. […] Symptoms can include: Trouble swallowing food (dysphagia), Food or liquid flowing back up into your throat (regurgitation), Waking up at night coughing or choking due to regurgitation, Heartburn, Chest pain or pressure, Trouble burping, Hiccups, Weight loss. […] Achalasia usually develops slowly. It becomes harder to swallow food and drinks over time. […] There is no known cure. But treatments can manage your symptoms. Treatment may include pneumatic dilation, botulinum toxin injections, surgery, or medicines.

• #20 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #21 Achalasia Causes, Symptoms, Diet & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/achalasia/article.htm

  As the disease progresses, the nerves begin to degenerate and ultimately disappear, particularly the nerves that cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. Still later in the progression of the disease, muscle cells begin to degenerate, possibly because of the damage to the nerves. The result of these changes is a lower sphincter that cannot relax and muscle in the lower esophageal body that cannot support peristaltic waves. With time, the body of the esophagus stretches and becomes enlarged (dilated).

• #22 Esophageal achalasia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_achalasia

  Achalasia is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain. […] The main symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain behind the sternum, and weight loss. Dysphagia tends to become progressively worse over time and to involve both fluids and solids. […] Untreated, mid-stage achalasia can fully obstruct the passage of almost any food or liquid the greater surface area of the swallowed object often being more difficult to pass the LES/LOS (lower esophageal sphincter). At such a stage, upon swallowing food, it entirely remains in the esophagus, building up and stretching it to an extreme size in a phenomenon known as megaesophagus. […] If enough food builds up, it triggers a need to purge what was swallowed, often described as not being accompanied with nausea per se, but an intense and sometimes uncontrollable need to vomit what was built up in the esophagus that, due to the excessive stretching of the esophageal walls, is easily released without heaving. This cycle is so that little to practically no food reaches the small intestines to have its nutrients be absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to progressive weight loss, anorexia, eventual starvation, and death.

• #23 Achalasia Causes, Symptoms, Diet & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/achalasia/article.htm

  Achalasia is viewed as consisting of three stages or types. The earliest stage or type is considered to be when the sphincter does not open appropriately, and the contractions of the lower esophageal body are weak or intermittent. Dysphagia is often mild, and patients learn how to adjust their eating habits to get around the problem. If caught at this stage and treated appropriately, it is believed that the prognosis is excellent and later stages may be prevented. Over time without treatment, it is believed that the destruction of the nerves and muscles as well as the obstruction posed by the sphincter leads to the development of failure of the esophageal muscle to generate contractions and esophageal dilation, considered a second type of achalasia. […] Symptoms of achalasia include: Difficulty swallowing food, Difficulty swallowing both solid and liquid food, Regurgitation of food that is retained in the esophagus. If this happens at night, food may be aspirated into the lungs, a serious medical problem, Chest discomfort from esophageal dilation and/or retained food, Sharp chest pain is usually of unclear cause, Heartburn; however, heartburn is not characteristic of heartburn and is not helped by treatment for heartburn, Loss of weight due to reduced intake of food.

• #24 Achalasia: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Clínica Universidad de Navarra

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia can manifest with a variety of symptoms that can vary in intensity and presentation at different stages of the disease. […] Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is one of the most common early symptoms of achalasia. Patients may experience difficulty swallowing solid foods and liquids, as well as the sensation of food getting stuck in the chest or throat. Dysphagia tends to gradually worsen over time. […] Regurgitation is another early symptom of achalasia. It consists of the passive return of food and liquids from the esophagus into the mouth without straining or vomiting. It may occur shortly after eating or even during sleep, which can be uncomfortable and disturbing. […] Some patients may experience intermittent chest pain, which may be mistaken for cardiac pain. This pain is often described as tightness or pressure in the chest and may radiate to the left arm or jaw.

• #25 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #26 Patient education: Achalasia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achalasia-beyond-the-basics/print

  Achalasia is an uncommon swallowing disorder that affects about 1 in every 100,000 people. The major symptom of achalasia is usually difficulty with swallowing. Most people are diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 60 years. Although the condition cannot be cured, the symptoms can usually be controlled with treatment. […] The most common symptom of achalasia is difficulty swallowing. Patients often experience the sensation that swallowed material, both solids and liquids, gets stuck in the chest. This problem often begins slowly and progresses gradually. Many people do not seek help until symptoms are advanced. Some people compensate by eating more slowly and by using maneuvers, such as lifting the neck or throwing the shoulders back, to improve emptying of the esophagus. […] Other symptoms can include chest pain, regurgitation of swallowed food and liquid, heartburn, difficulty burping, a sensation of fullness or a lump in the throat, hiccups, and weight loss.

• #27 Achalasia

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/achalasia/

  Achalasia is a rare disorder of the food pipe (oesophagus), which can make it difficult to swallow food and drink. […] But most people with achalasia will find it difficult to swallow food or drink (known as dysphagia). Swallowing tends to get gradually more difficult or painful over a couple of years, to the point where it is sometimes impossible. […] Symptoms of achalasia may start at any time of life. […] It’s normal for chest pain to persist for a while after treatment.

• #28 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #29 Achalasia: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Clínica Universidad de Navarra

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/achalasia

  As the disease progresses, patients may experience gradual weight loss. This is due to difficulty swallowing adequate amounts of food due to persistent dysphagia. […] In advanced stages of achalasia, the esophagus may become dilated and enlarged, known as megaesophagus. This occurs due to the accumulation of food and fluid in the esophagus, as the passage to the stomach is blocked. Megaesophagus can cause a feeling of fullness in the chest and contribute to frequent regurgitation. […] In severe cases of achalasia, food and liquids may regurgitate into the airway and lungs, which can result in recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia. This occurs due to difficulty coordinating swallowing and proper closure of the lower esophageal sphincter. […] The presence of food and liquids in the esophagus can trigger a persistent cough. This chronic cough may be especially pronounced after meals or at bedtime.

• #30 Esophageal achalasia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_achalasia

  Achalasia is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain. […] The main symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain behind the sternum, and weight loss. Dysphagia tends to become progressively worse over time and to involve both fluids and solids. […] Untreated, mid-stage achalasia can fully obstruct the passage of almost any food or liquid the greater surface area of the swallowed object often being more difficult to pass the LES/LOS (lower esophageal sphincter). At such a stage, upon swallowing food, it entirely remains in the esophagus, building up and stretching it to an extreme size in a phenomenon known as megaesophagus. […] If enough food builds up, it triggers a need to purge what was swallowed, often described as not being accompanied with nausea per se, but an intense and sometimes uncontrollable need to vomit what was built up in the esophagus that, due to the excessive stretching of the esophageal walls, is easily released without heaving. This cycle is so that little to practically no food reaches the small intestines to have its nutrients be absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to progressive weight loss, anorexia, eventual starvation, and death.

• #31 Esophageal achalasia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_achalasia

  End-stage achalasia, typified by a massively dilated and tortuous oesophagus, may occur in patients previously treated but where further dilatation or myotomy fails to relieve dysphagia or prevent nutritional deterioration, and esophagectomy may be the only option. […] End stage disease, characterised by a markedly dilated and tortuous „burned-out” esophagus and recurrent obstructive symptoms, may require oesophageal resection in order to restore gastro-intestinal function, reverse nutritional deficits and reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

• #32 Achalasia Information and Treatment Options | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/gastroenterology/esophagus-disease/achalasia-poem

  If left untreated, individuals with achalasia face a difficult future. The esophagus can continue to expand and develop curves. People who are not treated have a reduced response to standard treatments when they get to the final stages of achalasia, and they may even need a feeding tube to maintain nutrition.

• #33 Achalasia | Healthgrades

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/digestive-health/achalasia

  Achalasia is a rare disorder. It typically begins in adults before the age of 60, but can also affect children and older people. Most people notice achalasia symptoms coming on slowly and getting progressively worse with time. The swallowing difficulty can lead to regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. […] Achalasia symptoms start gradually. The main one is difficulty swallowing food and even liquids or saliva. This gets progressively worse over the months or years following its onset. […] Without treatment, achalasia will keep progressing and cause complications, such as pneumonia from inhaling food or liquid. […] Finally, achalasia can progress to an end-stage disease called megaesophagus. It occurs when the esophagus progressively widens to the point that it becomes quite large—6 to 8 cm in diameter. This makes it nearly impossible to clear the esophagus of its contents because it can’t generate enough pressure to move contents into the stomach. About 10 to 15% of people with achalasia will develop this condition. It requires esophagectomy to remove a section of the esophagus. The surgeon will reconstruct the section of the esophagus using part of the stomach or large intestine.

• #34 Achalasia Cardia: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Number for ap

  https://www.pacehospital.com/achalasia-cardia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Achalasia symptoms generally appear gradually and worsen over time. Signs and symptoms may include: […] Inability to swallow (dysphagia), which may feel like food or drink is stuck in your throat […] Regurgitating food or saliva […] Heartburn […] Belching […] Chest pain that comes and goes […] Coughing at night […] Pneumonia (from aspiration of food into the lungs) […] Weight loss […] Vomiting. […] There’s no cure for Achalasia Cardia. Once the esophagus is paralyzed, the muscle cannot work properly again. But symptoms can usually be managed with endoscopy, minimally invasive therapy or surgery. […] Achalasia is a heterogeneous disease categorized into three distinct types based on manometric patterns of the oesophagus (pressure and movement measurements of oesophagal contractions during swallowing), including:

• #35 An Overview of Achalasia and Its Subtypes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5572971/

  A significant percentage of patients with type II achalasia (63%) reported weight loss compared to other subtypes. Seventy-three percent of patients with type III achalasia denied having any weight loss. Thus, patients with type II achalasia may be most likely, and patients with type III achalasia may be least likely, to have weight loss compared to type I achalasia. […] Postintervention, 43% of patients denied regaining their weight even after undergoing therapy for achalasia (PD or surgical myotomy), with a median follow-up period of 22 months (range, 6-90 months). […] Despite achalasia initially being described nearly 300 years ago, the underlying etiology and molecular pathology of why patients develop this disease are still vastly unclear. […] Most patients present with dysphagia to solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. Recent data suggest that patients with type II achalasia may be most likely, and patients with type III achalasia may be least likely, to report weight loss compared to patients with type I achalasia.

• #36 Achalasia Cardia: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Number for ap

  https://www.pacehospital.com/achalasia-cardia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Type III: It is also known as spastic achalasia because it involves premature or spastic contractions in the lower part (bottom) of the oesophagus, where it meets the stomach, which is the most severe type of achalasia. The contractions may cause chest pain that can wake a person from sleep and mimic the symptoms of a heart attack. […] Achalasia Cardia treatment focuses on relaxing or stretching open the lower esophageal sphincter so that food and liquid can move more easily through your digestive tract. […] Specific treatment depends on your age, health condition and the severity of the achalasia. […] Yes, a person can die from achalasia cardia because of large food or water content into the esophagus; regurgitating into the windpipe (trachea) causing aspiration, pneumonia and choking. […] These are some complications of achalasia cardia: […] Pneumonia […] Esophageal cancer.

• #37 SciELO Brazil – EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abcd/a/8FxFM5QxPcWNxsCGvrGQBDH/

  The manometric picture of achalasia is characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax during swallowing and aperistalsis. […] The Chicago Classification made major contribution for the prognosis of the disease. The subgrouping of achalasia types has direct relationship with outcomes with positive treatment response in 96% of cases in type II, 56% of type I and only 29% of those classified as type III.

• #38 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  A frequently used grading system for achalasia is the Eckardt symptom score. It is used in the evaluation of symptoms, stages, and efficacy of achalasia treatment. It assigns the four most common symptoms of the disease (weight loss, chest pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation) a score of 0-3 based on the severity of symptoms with a maximum total score of 12. A score of 0-1 corresponds to clinical stage 0, 2-3 to stage 1, 4-6 to stage 2, and greater than 6 to stage 3. Regarding prognosis, stages 0-1 indicate disease remission, while stages 2-3 represent a failure of treatment. […] Treatment is to ease the symptoms of achalasia by decreasing the outflow resistance caused by a non-relaxing and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. Current treatment modalities for primary idiopathic achalasia are nonsurgical or surgical.

• #39 Modern Achalasia: Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/view.html?uid=1875&vmd=Full

  As a consequence of the inability for the bolus to progress into the stomach, patients often develop weight loss, which in some can be rapid and dramatic. […] Other less frequent sequalae include extraesophageal presentations of chronic cough or aspiration and pneumonia, sometimes related to the development of a sigmoid or megaesophagus due to decompensated late presentation of achalasia. […] The most common scoring system used to assess severity of the disease is the standardized Eckardt symptom score (ESS), which encapsulates the 4 main presenting symptoms described: dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. […] Achalasia treatments aim to ameliorate EGJ obstruction and to allow, even in the absence of peristalsis, an effective emptying of the esophageal lumen, thus improving quality of life, reducing symptoms, and preventing achalasia complications and progression.

• #40 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  A frequently used grading system for achalasia is the Eckardt symptom score. It is used in the evaluation of symptoms, stages, and efficacy of achalasia treatment. It assigns the four most common symptoms of the disease (weight loss, chest pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation) a score of 0-3 based on the severity of symptoms with a maximum total score of 12. A score of 0-1 corresponds to clinical stage 0, 2-3 to stage 1, 4-6 to stage 2, and greater than 6 to stage 3. Regarding prognosis, stages 0-1 indicate disease remission, while stages 2-3 represent a failure of treatment. […] Treatment is to ease the symptoms of achalasia by decreasing the outflow resistance caused by a non-relaxing and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. Current treatment modalities for primary idiopathic achalasia are nonsurgical or surgical.

• #41 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #42 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Other complications include: Weight loss and malnutrition, Aspiration pneumonia, Food impaction (food getting stuck in the esophagus and not being able to drain into the stomach), Esophageal perforation (a hole in the esophagus), Increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with long-standing achalasia.

• #43 Achalasia Symptoms – Recognize The Signs Early

  https://drniveditapandey.com/achalasia/achalasia-symptoms-recognize-the-signs-early/

  Untreated achalasia can cause persistent and severe chest pain, which can be distressing and affect your daily activities. […] Achalasia can result in fatigue due to the difficulties in swallowing and the subsequent decrease in nutrient absorption. […] With untreated achalasia, the inability to swallow properly can lead to malnutrition and unintended weight loss. […] Achalasia can increase the risk of developing pneumonia. […] In rare cases, untreated achalasia can elevate the risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] If you are experiencing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss, it is important to seek medical help. These symptoms may be indicative of achalasia or another underlying condition. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in managing the symptoms and preventing complications.

• #44 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #45 Achalasia Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/achalasia

  Because achalasia prevents foods and beverages from passing into your stomach, it can cause them to build up within your esophagus, where they may begin to ferment. They can then be regurgitated into your mouth, producing a bitter taste. Other achalasia symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing, A feeling of having something stuck in your throat, Burping, Hiccups, Heartburn (a burning sensation within the chest), Intermittent chest pain, Coughing (especially at night), Vomiting, Unexplained weight loss. […] Achalasia is a progressive condition, so these symptoms tend to gradually appear and worsen over time. Its important to seek treatment to avoid potential complications. For example, if food is aspirated into the lungs, it could lead to pneumonia.

• #46 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Other complications include: Weight loss and malnutrition, Aspiration pneumonia, Food impaction (food getting stuck in the esophagus and not being able to drain into the stomach), Esophageal perforation (a hole in the esophagus), Increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with long-standing achalasia.

• #47 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Other complications include: Weight loss and malnutrition, Aspiration pneumonia, Food impaction (food getting stuck in the esophagus and not being able to drain into the stomach), Esophageal perforation (a hole in the esophagus), Increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with long-standing achalasia.

• #48 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Other complications include: Weight loss and malnutrition, Aspiration pneumonia, Food impaction (food getting stuck in the esophagus and not being able to drain into the stomach), Esophageal perforation (a hole in the esophagus), Increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with long-standing achalasia.

• #49 Achalasia Cardia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/achalasia-cardia

  Malnutrition and weight loss can result from these symptoms, but people with achalasia cardia may also develop problems like pneumonia from aspirating (inhaling) food into their lungs. The risk of developing esophageal cancer also seems to be higher in people with this condition. […] Achalasia cardia is considered an incurable, chronic neurologic disorder. Even with treatment, this condition will require lifelong monitoring and treatment. […] Therapies like pneumatic dilation can help for a time, but 10 to 15 percent of people encounter overdilation. This can lead to the removal of all or part of the esophagus in 5 percent of people who receive this therapy. […] Other surgeries dont have these exact results, but even LHM and POEM tend to fail or require repeated treatment after about 5 years. […] Although theres no cure for achalasia cardia, the overall prognosis is good for most people with the condition. A typical life expectancy is possible with lifelong monitoring and occasional treatments.

• #50 Achalasia | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/achalasia

  Symptoms of achalasia may include: Vomiting, Heartburn, Lump in the throat, Unintended weight loss. […] Sometimes, people compensate for achalasia in symptomatic ways. They may eat more slowly. They may use maneuvers such as lifting the neck or throwing the shoulders back to make swallowing easier. These may also be considered symptoms of achalasia. […] If achalasia is left untreated, most patients continue experiencing the symptoms of achalasia listed above. If it is untreated for a prolonged period of time, the esophagus may become enlarged and eventually stop working. […] Researchers have noted that patients with untreated achalasia have 16 times the chance of developing a form of cancer known as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, achalasia should be considered and treated as a precancerous condition.

• #51 Esophageal achalasia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_achalasia

  End-stage achalasia, typified by a massively dilated and tortuous oesophagus, may occur in patients previously treated but where further dilatation or myotomy fails to relieve dysphagia or prevent nutritional deterioration, and esophagectomy may be the only option. […] End stage disease, characterised by a markedly dilated and tortuous „burned-out” esophagus and recurrent obstructive symptoms, may require oesophageal resection in order to restore gastro-intestinal function, reverse nutritional deficits and reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

• #52 Achalasia

  https://www.massgeneral.org/digestive/shed/conditions-we-treat/achalasia

  Achalasia can often begin subtly, with changes in swallowing happening over time and leading to significant difficulty with solid food. Some patients may actually have a sensation of reflux, although this could be from retained food in the esophagus. […] Achalasia symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing often to solid food but occasionally with liquids. Waking up at night with a cough or the regurgitation of stomach acid/food debris. Chest pain particularly after eating. Weight loss. […] Rarely patients with “end-stage achalasia” required the removal of the esophagus and reconstruction with the stomach.

• #53 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  A frequently used grading system for achalasia is the Eckardt symptom score. It is used in the evaluation of symptoms, stages, and efficacy of achalasia treatment. It assigns the four most common symptoms of the disease (weight loss, chest pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation) a score of 0-3 based on the severity of symptoms with a maximum total score of 12. A score of 0-1 corresponds to clinical stage 0, 2-3 to stage 1, 4-6 to stage 2, and greater than 6 to stage 3. Regarding prognosis, stages 0-1 indicate disease remission, while stages 2-3 represent a failure of treatment. […] Treatment is to ease the symptoms of achalasia by decreasing the outflow resistance caused by a non-relaxing and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. Current treatment modalities for primary idiopathic achalasia are nonsurgical or surgical.

• #54 Managing recurrent symptoms after treatment of achalasia – Watson – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5328/html

  Recurrence after treatment with botulinum toxin is inevitable! […] Pneumatic dilatation often entails a series of dilatations, and may require escalation of the balloon diameter. […] For symptom recurrence or failure after a previous surgical myotomy, the options include revision surgical myotomy, POEM or pneumatic dilatation. […] It should be remembered that the approaches described above do not cure achalasia. […] In a small subset, dysphagia, regurgitation and sometimes aspiration are particularly troublesome. […] Following initial treatment with botulinum toxin or pneumatic dilatation, myotomy can generally be undertaken as the next step. […] Good outcomes are expected for approximately 8090% of individuals after revision treatments. However, a small group continue to experience troublesome symptoms, and if fit, should be considered for esophagectomy.

• #55 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  Pneumatic dilatation of the esophagus via endoscopy is the most cost-effective non-surgical therapy for achalasia. […] The recommended step for reducing pressure across the lower esophageal sphincter is surgical myotomy, which can be done laparoscopically. This procedure will cut the circular muscle fibers running across the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to relaxation. […] All patients who undergo treatment for achalasia need long-term follow-up because all available treatments are palliative, making recurrences common.

• #56 Achalasia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achalasia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352851

  Achalasia treatment focuses on relaxing or stretching open the lower esophageal sphincter so that food and liquid can move more easily through the digestive tract. […] Specific treatment depends on your age, health condition and the severity of the achalasia. […] A strong improvement from injection of Botox may help confirm a diagnosis of achalasia.

• #57 Achalasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519515/

  Pneumatic dilatation of the esophagus via endoscopy is the most cost-effective non-surgical therapy for achalasia. […] The recommended step for reducing pressure across the lower esophageal sphincter is surgical myotomy, which can be done laparoscopically. This procedure will cut the circular muscle fibers running across the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to relaxation. […] All patients who undergo treatment for achalasia need long-term follow-up because all available treatments are palliative, making recurrences common.

• #58 Learn about Achalasia | Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery | Medical College of Wisconsin

  https://www.mcw.edu/departments/surgery/divisions/minimally-invasive-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/patient-care/gerd-and-gastrointestinal-surgery-program/achalasia

  When the lower esophageal sphincter is cut to treat achalasia, patients are at increased risk for developing gastroesophageal reflux disease. In some patients, a partial fundoplication is added to the myotomy to decrease the chance that this will happen. […] The POEM procedure provides a more minimally invasive approach to achalasia that can help patients recover more quickly than a traditional surgical approach (Heller myotomy).

• #59 SciELO Brazil – EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION EVALUATION OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA: FROM SYMPTOMS TO THE CHICAGO CLASSIFICATION

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abcd/a/8FxFM5QxPcWNxsCGvrGQBDH/

  The manometric picture of achalasia is characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax during swallowing and aperistalsis. […] The Chicago Classification made major contribution for the prognosis of the disease. The subgrouping of achalasia types has direct relationship with outcomes with positive treatment response in 96% of cases in type II, 56% of type I and only 29% of those classified as type III.

• #60 Achalasia Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/achalasia.html

  Most people with achalasia develop symptoms between the ages of 25 and 60. […] The symptoms of achalasia come on gradually. They may take years to progress. […] Symptoms can include difficulty swallowing solid food (swallowing liquids is not affected in the early stages), regurgitation or vomiting of undigested food, chest pain, discomfort, or fullness under the breastbone, especially following meals, difficulty belching, difficulty swallowing solids and liquids (late in the illness), weight loss (late in the illness). […] Achalasia generally worsens unless treated. […] Even after successful treatment, symptoms may still return five to 10 years later. They may require repeat treatments. […] There is no known cure for achalasia. But several treatments can provide good to excellent relief from symptoms for a number of years. When treatment needs to be repeated, it can be as successful as initial treatment.

• #61 Managing recurrent symptoms after treatment of achalasia – Watson – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5328/html

  Recurrent dysphagia and/or regurgitation occurs in some patients after all treatments for achalasia. […] When considering outcomes and the risk of failure, it is important to be realistic about the potential for success with each treatment modality. Treatment with botulinum toxin is always temporary, and recurrent symptoms generally develop 612 months after treatment. […] The recurrent symptoms which develop most commonly after treatment of achalasia are dysphagia and regurgitation. […] In general, if dysphagia persists following treatment, this is due to either an inadequate myotomy, or treatment was attempted in a patient who presented with an already significantly dilated esophagus. […] If the gastroesophageal junction appears visibly closed at endoscopy, then an inadequate previous myotomy is likely.

• #62 Achalasia | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/achalasia

  Successful Heller myotomy usually achieves permanent results, but in a small number of patients, swallowing can deteriorate over time. Even after successful treatment of achalasia, the esophagus should be checked every year or two. Some patients may require repeat treatments such as pneumatic dilatations or myotomy. pH testing and endoscopy are sometimes used to check for reflux damage that can lead to a pre-malignant condition known as Barrett’s esophagus if untreated.

• #63 Achalasia: the definitive overview for patients | A/Prof Santosh Sanagapalli

  https://www.drsantosh.com.au/achalasia

  Other symptoms which occur less commonly include cough, aspiration, voice hoarseness and sore throat. […] Thankfully, achalasia itself is not a lethal condition. However, it is an important condition to diagnose as it can lead to troubling symptoms, malnutrition and significantly affect a patients quality of life. […] Patients with longstanding achalasia are at a slightly higher risk of developing cancer of the oesophagus compared to the general population, and for this reason screening with endoscopy is often recommended in such patients.

• #64 Achalasia | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/achalasia

  Achalasia can dramatically affect a persons quality of life by making it difficult to eat, disrupting sleep due to regurgitation, and may cause substantial weight loss. […] The primary symptoms of achalasia are: Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing solid foods and liquids), Regurgitation (effortless movement of food contents up the chest) worsened by lying down, Chest pain, Weight loss, Recurrent pneumonia. […] It is important to contact a physician if you have difficulty swallowing, keeping food down or if you are experiencing unintended weight loss.

• #65 Achalasia Information and Treatment Options | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/gastroenterology/esophagus-disease/achalasia-poem

  Achalasia causes the nerves in the esophagus to degenerate, which leads to two significant problems. The esophagus does not squeeze food or fluids down effectively when a person swallows. The sphincter, or valve, at the bottom of the esophagus stays closed and does not allow food to pass through. This causes vomiting, regurgitation of fluid or food, heartburn, chest pain and weight loss due to the inability to eat. Achalasia doesn’t happen suddenly, and individuals may live with mild to moderate symptoms for years. Often, they’re treated for reflux and have minimal improvement in their symptoms. […] While none of these treatments are a cure for achalasia, the POEM procedure allows patients’ symptoms to resolve and brings back their swallowing ability. Patients who may have felt marginalized by their disorder feel more comfortable with eating in a public setting again without the fear of regurgitation or vomiting.

• #66 Achalasia: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/esophageal-diseases/achalasia

  Achalasia symptoms develop slowly and can vary from patient to patient. The most common symptom is difficulty swallowing. Patients often feel that solid foods and liquids get stuck in the chest. Many people will start compensating by eating slowly, standing up or lifting their neck, or drinking carbonated beverages. People often do not seek help until symptoms advance. […] Symptoms of achalasia can include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), Food piling up, Regurgitation of undigested food and liquids, Chest pain or heartburn, Weight loss or malnutrition, Difficulty burping, Hiccups, Coughing (commonly at night), Choking or aspiration. […] If achalasia is left untreated, the esophagus can get dilated as food builds up and is unable to drain into the stomach. […] Most complications associated with achalasia are the result of food building up in the esophagus and ultimately being regurgitated. When the food is regurgitated, it can go into your lungs and cause an infection called aspiration pneumonia. This is more likely to happen when you are laying down.

• #67 Patient education: Achalasia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achalasia-beyond-the-basics/print

  Achalasia is an uncommon swallowing disorder that affects about 1 in every 100,000 people. The major symptom of achalasia is usually difficulty with swallowing. Most people are diagnosed between the ages of 25 and 60 years. Although the condition cannot be cured, the symptoms can usually be controlled with treatment. […] The most common symptom of achalasia is difficulty swallowing. Patients often experience the sensation that swallowed material, both solids and liquids, gets stuck in the chest. This problem often begins slowly and progresses gradually. Many people do not seek help until symptoms are advanced. Some people compensate by eating more slowly and by using maneuvers, such as lifting the neck or throwing the shoulders back, to improve emptying of the esophagus. […] Other symptoms can include chest pain, regurgitation of swallowed food and liquid, heartburn, difficulty burping, a sensation of fullness or a lump in the throat, hiccups, and weight loss.

• #68 Achalasia (Esophagus Disorder): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/achalasia-what-to-know

  Achalasia Symptoms […] The most common symptom of achalasia is trouble swallowing liquids and solid food. Food can also clog the esophagus, causing it to stretch and twist. […] People with the condition may also have: […] – Chest pain, especially after eating […] – Food coming back up into the throat […] – Heartburn and belching […] – Weight loss […] – Nighttime coughing […] – Vomiting […] – Pneumonia from breathing food into the lungs […] – Choking, or aspiration (caused by inhaling food or liquid into airways) […] – Hiccups or struggling to belch […] Having solid foods before going to bed may make symptoms worse. Foods such as meat and white or processed bread may also cause trouble. […] […] […] Achalasia happens when your body can’t move food through your esophagus and into your stomach like it should. Food can pile up near the bottom of your esophagus or get pushed back up into your mouth. Achalasia is a rare condition that can’t be cured, but treatment and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms.

• #69 An Overview of Achalasia and Its Subtypes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5572971/

  A significant percentage of patients with type II achalasia (63%) reported weight loss compared to other subtypes. Seventy-three percent of patients with type III achalasia denied having any weight loss. Thus, patients with type II achalasia may be most likely, and patients with type III achalasia may be least likely, to have weight loss compared to type I achalasia. […] Postintervention, 43% of patients denied regaining their weight even after undergoing therapy for achalasia (PD or surgical myotomy), with a median follow-up period of 22 months (range, 6-90 months). […] Despite achalasia initially being described nearly 300 years ago, the underlying etiology and molecular pathology of why patients develop this disease are still vastly unclear. […] Most patients present with dysphagia to solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. Recent data suggest that patients with type II achalasia may be most likely, and patients with type III achalasia may be least likely, to report weight loss compared to patients with type I achalasia.

• #70 Achalasia | Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/achalasia/

  Achalasia is a condition that affects the nerves and muscles of the oesophagus (food pipe), mainly at the lower end where it meets the stomach. Achalasia hinders the passage of food and fluid down the oesophagus and entering the stomach which results in difficulty swallowing. The most common symptom of achalasia is difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) that occurs with both food and liquids. Food may feel as if it is stuck in the oesophagus after eating, causing chest discomfort or pain. The symptoms may be present for months or even years before the patient seeks help. Regurgitation of food (bringing food back up) may occur as food is retained in the oesophagus and has nowhere to go except upwards. This can cause choking or coughing and may lead to chest infections if the food goes back down the wrong way and into the lungs. As a result of food not passing into the stomach and difficulty swallowing, less food is ingested and it is common to lose weight. […] Unfortunately, there is no actual cure for achalasia. However, some patients will achieve reasonable symptom control with treatment although a small number of patients may have ongoing symptoms despite treatment.

• #71 Achalasia – Esophageal Health | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/gastro/esophageal-health/diseases-we-treat/achalasia

  Achalasia is a disease of the nerve and muscle function of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). […] The main symptom of achalasia is dysphagia, meaning difficulty in swallowing. This may manifest as a food sticking sensation or feeling of a delay of food passage in the throat, chest, or upper abdomen. […] Typically, however, the disease is progressive over a period of time and symptoms worsen. […] Current studies of POEM for achalasia have indicated a 90% favorable response with normalization or near normalization of swallowing symptoms (post-POEM Eckardt scores typically are 0-1).

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