Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aortic Stenosis Overview | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Aortic stenosis is one of the most common and serious valve disease problems. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening and can sometimes be referred to as a failing heart valve. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta may also affect the pressure in the left atrium. […] No. Many people with aortic stenosis, or AS, don’t experience noticeable symptoms until the amount of restricted blood flow becomes greatly reduced. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis may include: Chest pain, Rapid, fluttering heartbeat, Trouble breathing or feeling short of breath, Feeling dizzy or light-headed, even fainting, Difficulty walking short distances, Decline in activity level or reduced ability to do normal activities. […] In addition to the symptoms of aortic stenosis, which may cause a patient to feel faint, weak or lethargic, the wall of the left ventricle also may show muscular thickening because the ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrow valve opening into the aorta.

• #2 Aortic Stenosis Progression: How Fast Does This Happen?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/aortic-stenosis-progression

  Someone living with aortic stenosis that progresses quickly often has a worse outlook. […] Over time or with certain structural problems that can be present at birth the aortic valve can become narrowed with calcium deposits, inflammation, and stiffening that limits blood flow. This condition aortic stenosis is one of the most common reasons for heart valve surgery. […] How quickly aortic stenosis develops and progresses can vary from person to person based on age, the underlying reason for the stenosis, and other health problems that may exist. […] Calcification or hardening of the aortic valve over time is the leading cause of aortic stenosis. […] Symptoms that can appear with aortic stenosis are related to how limited blood flow becomes. For many people, symptoms dont appear until blood flow is significantly restricted through the aortic valve and other heart or cardiac damage develops.

• #3 Aortic Stenosis Overview | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Aortic stenosis is one of the most common and serious valve disease problems. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening and can sometimes be referred to as a failing heart valve. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta may also affect the pressure in the left atrium. […] No. Many people with aortic stenosis, or AS, don’t experience noticeable symptoms until the amount of restricted blood flow becomes greatly reduced. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis may include: Chest pain, Rapid, fluttering heartbeat, Trouble breathing or feeling short of breath, Feeling dizzy or light-headed, even fainting, Difficulty walking short distances, Decline in activity level or reduced ability to do normal activities. […] In addition to the symptoms of aortic stenosis, which may cause a patient to feel faint, weak or lethargic, the wall of the left ventricle also may show muscular thickening because the ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrow valve opening into the aorta.

• #4 Aortic Valve Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aortic-stenosis

  Aortic valve stenosis occurs when the aortic valve narrows and doesnt open as it should. It can cause chest pain and shortness of breath, especially after exertion. […] You may not experience symptoms of aortic valve stenosis until the disease progresses and becomes severe. The asymptomatic period may last as long as 10 to 20 years. Some people may not experience any symptoms. […] Symptoms of severe aortic valve stenosis can include: chest pain, feeling tired after exertion, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, especially after exertion, dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, difficulty sleeping, or only being able to sleep sitting up, heart palpitations, or abnormal heartbeats, a heart murmur, which is an abnormal swooshing sound produced by the heart as it beats, a reduced ability to do your typical activities, including walking short distances, swollen ankles or feet.

• #5 Aortic Stenosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150638-overview

  Symptoms of aortic stenosis usually develop gradually after an asymptomatic latent period of 10-20 years. Exertional dyspnea or fatigue is the most common initial complaint. Ultimately, most patients experience the classic triad of chest pain, heart failure, and syncope. […] Among symptomatic patients with medically treated, moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis, mortality rates from the onset of symptoms are approximately 25% at 1 year and 50% at 2 years. More than 50% of deaths are sudden. In patients in whom the aortic valve obstruction remains unrelieved, the onset of symptoms predicts a poor outcome with medical therapy; the approximate time interval from the onset of symptoms to death is 1.5-2 years for heart failure, 3 years for syncope, and 5 years for angina. […] Although the obstruction tends to progress more rapidly in degenerative calcific aortic valve disease than in congenital or rheumatic disease, predicting the rate of progression in individual patients is not possible. Catheterization and echocardiographic studies suggest that, on average, the valve area declines 0.1 to 0.3 cm2 per year; the systolic pressure gradient across the valve can increase by as much as 10-15 mmHg per year. Obstruction progresses more rapidly in elderly patients with coronary artery disease and chronic renal insufficiency.

• #6 Aortic Valve Stenosis | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/aortic-valve-stenosis

  Many children with aortic valve stenosis show no outward symptoms when they are in the mild to moderate stages of the condition. Usually, the only identifiable symptom in these cases is a pronounced heart murmur. […] As aortic valve stenosis progresses, children may experience: Chest pain, Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing with exercise, Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations, Dizziness during or immediately after physical activity, Fatigue, Less ability to exercise, Fainting. […] You should seek treatment from a qualified medical professional right away if you notice any of these warning signs in your child.

• #7 Managing Aortic Stenosis Symptoms    | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/managing-aortic-stenosis-symptoms

  You may have been surprised when your doctor said you have aortic stenosis (AS), a defect that can narrow the aortic valve opening and restrict blood flow out of the heart to the aorta. However, in people with mild AS, symptoms are usually minor and may be dismissed as normal signs of aging. […] Although you might not have noticed any symptoms, your doctor may have detected a murmur when listening to your heart during a routine exam. Or perhaps you feel tired or your ankles swell sometimes. These can be signs of early AS. If AS is suspected, an echocardiogram can be done to confirm the diagnosis. […] People with mild AS may not feel symptoms until their condition worsens. When blood flow out of the heart is decreased, you may experience shortness of breath or chest pain — typical symptoms of the disease.

• #8 Aortic Stenosis End Stages: Active and Silent Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-the-end-stages-of-aortic-stenosis-8655588

  Aortic stenosis occurs when the aortic valve between the heart’s left ventricle and the aorta narrows, restricting blood flow. Aortic stenosis can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the symptoms. […] Often, aortic stenosis causes no symptoms or only mild symptoms until it becomes severe, which is a serious condition that may involve end-of-life considerations if surgical treatment is not an option. […] About one-fourth of patients with severe aortic stenosis don’t have any symptoms. However, symptoms might be underreported in older adult patients because of other conditions they may have, such as memory issues, degenerative arthritis, and poor mobility. […] Severe aortic stenosis can occur without symptoms for years. Unless treated with valve replacement surgery, the likelihood of having no symptoms from severe aortic stenosis is 82% after one year, 67% after two years, and 33% after five years.

• #9

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/aortic-stenosis

  When aortic stenosis becomes severe and symptoms develop, it is life-threatening. Common symptoms may include: breathlessness with activity, chest discomfort, fainting, weakness or dizziness with activity, inability to perform activities that were once easy. […] Some patients who develop these warning symptoms may mistakenly believe they are due to old age. While most people become less active with aging, these symptoms should never be considered normal and should be investigated by a qualified physician.

• #10 Aortic Stenosis: What Your Symptoms Mean

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/aortic-stenosis-stages

  Aortic stenosis is a type of heart valve disease. Your doctor may classify it as mild, moderate, or severe. Which stage you have depends on how damaged your aortic valve is and the amount of blood thats still able to pass through it. Even so, not everyone will have the same symptoms or need the same treatments. […] Aortic stenosis might not affect your health right away. In fact, many people who have a mild case may not notice any symptoms. […] The most common early warning signs are: Needing to make more effort than usual during a physical activity, Feeling tired all the time, A child or infant with the condition could also have chest pain after a lot of activity. […] If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when youre active, Chest pain, Tightness or pressure in your chest, Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats), Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder.

• #11 Managing Aortic Stenosis Symptoms    | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/managing-aortic-stenosis-symptoms

  You may have been surprised when your doctor said you have aortic stenosis (AS), a defect that can narrow the aortic valve opening and restrict blood flow out of the heart to the aorta. However, in people with mild AS, symptoms are usually minor and may be dismissed as normal signs of aging. […] Although you might not have noticed any symptoms, your doctor may have detected a murmur when listening to your heart during a routine exam. Or perhaps you feel tired or your ankles swell sometimes. These can be signs of early AS. If AS is suspected, an echocardiogram can be done to confirm the diagnosis. […] People with mild AS may not feel symptoms until their condition worsens. When blood flow out of the heart is decreased, you may experience shortness of breath or chest pain — typical symptoms of the disease.

• #12 Aortic Stenosis Overview | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Aortic stenosis is one of the most common and serious valve disease problems. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening and can sometimes be referred to as a failing heart valve. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta may also affect the pressure in the left atrium. […] No. Many people with aortic stenosis, or AS, don’t experience noticeable symptoms until the amount of restricted blood flow becomes greatly reduced. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis may include: Chest pain, Rapid, fluttering heartbeat, Trouble breathing or feeling short of breath, Feeling dizzy or light-headed, even fainting, Difficulty walking short distances, Decline in activity level or reduced ability to do normal activities. […] In addition to the symptoms of aortic stenosis, which may cause a patient to feel faint, weak or lethargic, the wall of the left ventricle also may show muscular thickening because the ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrow valve opening into the aorta.

• #13 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis/symptoms

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #14 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #15 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  Angina in aortic stenosis frequently occurs in the absence of coronary artery disease. Instead, myocardial ischemia and angina develop when the oxygen demand of the severely hypertrophied left ventricle exceeds oxygen supply. […] Syncope on exertion, or effort syncope, occurs in aortic stenosis due to a sudden decrease in cerebral perfusion with physical activity. […] Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and signs of right-sided heart failure (eg, peripheral edema) may also occur. […] Rarely, initial symptoms of aortic stenosis may include systemic emboli from calcified aortic valve plaque or gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to angiodysplasia (Heydes syndrome). Heydes syndrome is attributed to disruption of the pentamer structure of the von Willebrand factor as it traverses the severely stenotic aortic valve, leading to increased tendency to bleed from angiodysplasias.

• #16 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis/symptoms

  Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and signs of right-sided heart failure (eg, peripheral edema) may also occur. […] Stage D aortic stenosis (symptomatic severe AS) is distinguished from Stages A, B and C by the presence of symptoms. […] Symptoms characteristic of Stage D1 aortic stenosis include exertional dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, or heart failure; exertional angina; and exertional syncope or presyncope. […] Symptoms associated with Stage D2 aortic stenosis include heart failure, angina, and syncope or presyncope. […] Stage D3 aortic stenosis is accompanied with the same symptoms as Stage D2 disease (heart failure, angina, and syncope or presyncope).

• #17 Managing Your Aortic Stenosis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/heart-and-vascular-conditions/aortic-stenosis

  Most people at first have no symptoms. If the valve narrows enough, feeling tired, fainting with exercise, having chest pain with exercise or at rest, or having symptoms of left-sided heart failure (e.g., shortness of breath) may occur. […] Breathing problems during exercise may progress to problems at rest, or waking up at night unable to breathe.

• #18 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  Angina in aortic stenosis frequently occurs in the absence of coronary artery disease. Instead, myocardial ischemia and angina develop when the oxygen demand of the severely hypertrophied left ventricle exceeds oxygen supply. […] Syncope on exertion, or effort syncope, occurs in aortic stenosis due to a sudden decrease in cerebral perfusion with physical activity. […] Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and signs of right-sided heart failure (eg, peripheral edema) may also occur. […] Rarely, initial symptoms of aortic stenosis may include systemic emboli from calcified aortic valve plaque or gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to angiodysplasia (Heydes syndrome). Heydes syndrome is attributed to disruption of the pentamer structure of the von Willebrand factor as it traverses the severely stenotic aortic valve, leading to increased tendency to bleed from angiodysplasias.

• #19 Aortic stenosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_stenosis

  Syncope (fainting spells) from aortic valve stenosis is usually exertional. […] In the setting of heart failure it increases the risk of death. […] People with CHF attributable to AS have a 2-year mortality rate of 50% if the aortic valve is not replaced. […] Prognosis after aortic valve replacement for people younger than 65 is about five years less than that of the general population; for people older than 65 it is about the same. […] If untreated, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis carries a poor prognosis, with a 2-year mortality rate of 50-60% and a 3-year survival rate of less than 30%.

• #20 Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23046-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Aortic valve stenosis (or aortic stenosis) describes an aortic valve in your heart that’s narrowed or blocked. This interferes with the normal blood flow out of your heart. Because this condition restricts blood flow, it also limits how much oxygen your body gets. This can cause chest pain, shortness of breath and fainting. Aortic stenosis can cause heart damage, major health problems and even death. […] Aortic stenosis symptoms (progressing from less severe to more severe) include: Fatigue, which can disrupt your normal activities. Heart palpitations (being unpleasantly aware of your own heartbeat). Swelling in your feet, ankles or lower legs. Chest pain (angina). This can also feel like squeezing, pressure or discomfort and can extend to your neck, jaw, arm or abdomen. Shortness of breath. Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting.

• #21 Aortic Stenosis | Aortic Stenosis Symptoms

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/aortic-valve-replacement/6-symptoms-never-to-ignore-if-you-have-aortic-stenosis

  Most people know chest pain, sometimes called angina, can be a sign of a heart attack, but it can also be associated with aortic stenosis. Because of your heart’s increased workload due to the condition, your heart muscle requires more oxygen. When your blood supply can’t meet the oxygen demand of your heart, chest pain can develop. You’ll probably notice that it’s worse with exertion and improves with rest. […] Normally, your heart can compensate for changes in your blood pressure when you move positions or engage in physical activity. But because aortic stenosis reduces the blood flow out to your body, including your brain, you may feel dizzy or lightheaded at times. In more severe cases, fainting may occur from decreased blood flow to the brain. […] Do you notice you’re feeling out of breath after climbing a flight of stairs? Does your regular exercise feel considerably more challenging than it used to? Don’t simply chalk it up to being out of shape. It may be indicative of heart failure due to aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis can weaken your heart over time, making it difficult to pump enough blood to meet the needs of your body. Blood can also back up into your pulmonary veins and push fluid into your lungs, making it hard to breathe.

• #22 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  Angina in aortic stenosis frequently occurs in the absence of coronary artery disease. Instead, myocardial ischemia and angina develop when the oxygen demand of the severely hypertrophied left ventricle exceeds oxygen supply. […] Syncope on exertion, or effort syncope, occurs in aortic stenosis due to a sudden decrease in cerebral perfusion with physical activity. […] Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and signs of right-sided heart failure (eg, peripheral edema) may also occur. […] Rarely, initial symptoms of aortic stenosis may include systemic emboli from calcified aortic valve plaque or gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to angiodysplasia (Heydes syndrome). Heydes syndrome is attributed to disruption of the pentamer structure of the von Willebrand factor as it traverses the severely stenotic aortic valve, leading to increased tendency to bleed from angiodysplasias.

• #23 Aortic stenosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000178.htm

  Most people with aortic stenosis do not develop symptoms until the disease is advanced. The diagnosis may have been made when the health care provider heard a heart murmur and performed tests before any symptoms developed. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis include: Chest discomfort: The chest pain may get worse with activity and reach into the arm, neck, or jaw. The chest may also feel tight or squeezed. […] In infants and children, symptoms include: Becoming easily tired with exertion (in mild cases), Failure to gain weight, Poor feeding, Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases). […] Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They are also at risk for a heart infection called bacterial endocarditis. […] The outcome varies. The disorder may be mild and not produce symptoms. Over time, the aortic valve may become narrower. This may result in more severe heart problems such as: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, Blood clots to the brain (stroke), intestines, kidneys, or other areas, Fainting spells (syncope), Heart failure, High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #24 Aortic Stenosis | Aortic Stenosis Symptoms

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/aortic-valve-replacement/6-symptoms-never-to-ignore-if-you-have-aortic-stenosis

  Most people know chest pain, sometimes called angina, can be a sign of a heart attack, but it can also be associated with aortic stenosis. Because of your heart’s increased workload due to the condition, your heart muscle requires more oxygen. When your blood supply can’t meet the oxygen demand of your heart, chest pain can develop. You’ll probably notice that it’s worse with exertion and improves with rest. […] Normally, your heart can compensate for changes in your blood pressure when you move positions or engage in physical activity. But because aortic stenosis reduces the blood flow out to your body, including your brain, you may feel dizzy or lightheaded at times. In more severe cases, fainting may occur from decreased blood flow to the brain. […] Do you notice you’re feeling out of breath after climbing a flight of stairs? Does your regular exercise feel considerably more challenging than it used to? Don’t simply chalk it up to being out of shape. It may be indicative of heart failure due to aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis can weaken your heart over time, making it difficult to pump enough blood to meet the needs of your body. Blood can also back up into your pulmonary veins and push fluid into your lungs, making it hard to breathe.

• #25 Aortic Stenosis End Stages: Active and Silent Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-the-end-stages-of-aortic-stenosis-8655588

  Symptoms of aortic stenosis often don’t occur until there is severe damage to the heart valve. Symptoms of end-stage aortic stenosis include: Chest pain or tightness, Rapid or fluttering heartbeat, Shortness of breath, Dizziness or faintness, Increased exhaustion after activity, Swollen ankles and feet, Difficulty sleeping. […] The average life expectancy for aortic stenosis with symptoms (such as shortness of breath or chest pain) is one to two years without treatment. About one-third of patients with aortic stenosis do not receive valve replacement surgery, which is the only effective treatment for the condition. […] Because aortic stenosis often doesn’t have symptoms, especially in its early stages, you might not know you have the condition until it’s severe. End-stage aortic stenosis can cause serious heart damage and has a limited life expectancy unless valve replacement surgery is performed.

• #26 Aortic Stenosis: What Your Symptoms Mean

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/aortic-stenosis-stages

  If your aortic stenosis is severe, you may have the same symptoms as some people with moderate cases — such as chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath when youre active, and fainting. These signs can also mean that the disease is starting to worsen more quickly. […] If left untreated, severe aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure. Intense fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling of your ankles and feet are all signs of this. It can also lead to heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) and even sudden cardiac death. […] Still, some people — especially older adults — can have a severe case without any symptoms. The only warning you may have is a lower amount of energy when you do physical activity. If so, it might be what doctors call asymptomatic aortic stenosis. […] Because signs of this condition vary so widely, your doctor will want to do tests to see how well your heart is working. Your treatment will be based on your symptoms as well as what these tests show.

• #27 Aortic Stenosis (Aortic Valve Disease): Types, Symptoms, & Causes | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/cardiovascular/programs/aortic-disease/aortic-stenosis

  Over time if you dont get treatment, aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure. Symptoms of more severe heart failure include: Swollen ankles and feet, Shortness of breath, and Severe fatigue. […] Aortic valve stenosis can also increase your risk of stroke, blood clots, infections, and bleeding. A cardiovascular specialist should monitor and treat the symptoms to avoid damage to your heart or even death.

• #28 Aortic Stenosis Progression: How Fast Does This Happen?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/aortic-stenosis-progression

  When symptoms do appear, they can include things like: chest pain, heart palpitations or fluttering, shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, low tolerance for routine daily activities, swollen feet or ankles, difficulty sleeping or lying flat, increased fatigue. […] As aortic stenosis progresses to later stages, symptoms become more severe and may evolve into other serious conditions like heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. […] People with severe symptoms and advanced stages of aortic stenosis have the highest risk of sudden death. […] Although rates of progression to higher stages varies, people whose condition progresses more quickly to more serious stages of aortic stenosis over a shorter period of time usually have worse outcomes and higher rates of dying. […] Aortic stenosis can develop without symptoms, but over time, the stiffening and narrowing of the aortic valve decreases blood flow from the heart out to the rest of the body. This can lead to severe symptoms that reduce your daily ability to function, which can cause complications like heart failure. Aortic stenosis progression can even lead to death.

• #29 Aortic stenosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000178.htm

  Most people with aortic stenosis do not develop symptoms until the disease is advanced. The diagnosis may have been made when the health care provider heard a heart murmur and performed tests before any symptoms developed. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis include: Chest discomfort: The chest pain may get worse with activity and reach into the arm, neck, or jaw. The chest may also feel tight or squeezed. […] In infants and children, symptoms include: Becoming easily tired with exertion (in mild cases), Failure to gain weight, Poor feeding, Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases). […] Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They are also at risk for a heart infection called bacterial endocarditis. […] The outcome varies. The disorder may be mild and not produce symptoms. Over time, the aortic valve may become narrower. This may result in more severe heart problems such as: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, Blood clots to the brain (stroke), intestines, kidneys, or other areas, Fainting spells (syncope), Heart failure, High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #30 Aortic Stenosis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aortic-stenosis.html

  Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve (the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta) is too small, narrow, or stiff. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis depend on how small the narrowing of the valve is. Many people have no symptoms at all, and others have only mild symptoms. Mild cases may not need any treatment. But kids with more severe aortic stenosis will need surgery to fix the aortic valve so that blood flows properly through the body. […] Many people with aortic stenosis have no symptoms. Others have mild symptoms that usually don’t become bothersome. […] Infants with more serious aortic stenosis may show signs of heart failure, such as trouble gaining weight, problems with feeding, and breathing problems that develop soon after birth. […] People with severe aortic stenosis may have chest pain, be short of breath, and feel tired or dizzy. These symptoms may be worse during activities or exercise.

• #31 Congenital Aortic Stenosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/avs

  Aortic stenosis occurs when defects of the aortic valve lead to narrowing and blocks between the left ventricle and the aorta. […] Symptoms occur with severe aortic stenosis. A newborn with critical aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure in the first days of life. This is an emergency that requires immediate treatment. […] In an older child, severe aortic stenosis rarely causes heart failure. The child may have chest pain, lightheadedness or fainting spells with exercise. Severe aortic stenosis is a rare cause of sudden death during sports activities. […] Aortic stenosis may continue to progress. Children with mild disease may need treatment later in life if their aortic stenosis worsens. […] It is important to understand that all treatments for aortic stenosis are palliative, not curative.

• #32 Aortic Stenosis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/aortic-stenosis.html

  Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve (the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta) is too small, narrow, or stiff. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis depend on how small the narrowing of the valve is. Many people have no symptoms at all, and others have only mild symptoms. Mild cases may not need any treatment. But kids with more severe aortic stenosis will need surgery to fix the aortic valve so that blood flows properly through the body. […] Many people with aortic stenosis have no symptoms. Others have mild symptoms that usually don’t become bothersome. […] Infants with more serious aortic stenosis may show signs of heart failure, such as trouble gaining weight, problems with feeding, and breathing problems that develop soon after birth. […] People with severe aortic stenosis may have chest pain, be short of breath, and feel tired or dizzy. These symptoms may be worse during activities or exercise.

• #33 Aortic Stenosis Progression: How Fast Does This Happen?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/aortic-stenosis-progression

  Someone living with aortic stenosis that progresses quickly often has a worse outlook. […] Over time or with certain structural problems that can be present at birth the aortic valve can become narrowed with calcium deposits, inflammation, and stiffening that limits blood flow. This condition aortic stenosis is one of the most common reasons for heart valve surgery. […] How quickly aortic stenosis develops and progresses can vary from person to person based on age, the underlying reason for the stenosis, and other health problems that may exist. […] Calcification or hardening of the aortic valve over time is the leading cause of aortic stenosis. […] Symptoms that can appear with aortic stenosis are related to how limited blood flow becomes. For many people, symptoms dont appear until blood flow is significantly restricted through the aortic valve and other heart or cardiac damage develops.

• #34 Aortic Stenosis Overview | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-stenosis

  The thickened wall takes up more space inside the lower heart chamber and allows less room for an adequate amount of blood to be supplied to the body. This may lead to heart failure. Appropriate treatment can help reverse or slow down the progress of this disease. […] Aortic stenosis is classified into four major stages: Stage A: At risk of developing the condition, Stage B: Obstruction of aortic valve blood flow is present and progressing, Stage C: Severe obstruction is present but without symptoms, Stage D: Severe obstruction is present with symptoms.

• #35 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  To diagnose aortic valve stenosis, a healthcare professional examines you and asks questions about your symptoms and medical history. The health professional listens to your heart with a stethoscope. If you have aortic valve stenosis, a sound called a heart murmur may be heard. […] Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. […] If you have no symptoms or just mild ones, you may only need regular health checkups. Some people need medicines to treat valve disease symptoms or reduce the risk of complications. […] The stage of heart valve disease depends on many things, including symptoms, disease severity, the structure of the valve or valves, and blood flow through the heart and lungs. […] Heart valve disease is staged into four basic groups: Stage A: At risk. Risk factors for heart valve disease are present. Stage B: Progressive. Valve disease is mild or moderate. There are no heart valve symptoms. Stage C: Asymptomatic severe. There are no heart valve symptoms but the valve disease is severe. Stage D: Symptomatic severe. Heart valve disease is severe and is causing symptoms.

• #36 Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms, Signs & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-stenosis

  Aortic stenosis progresses in four stages, from mild to critical. These stages are: Mild aortic stenosis (at risk of AS): In the earliest stage, the narrowing of the aortic valve is minimal, and most people do not experience symptoms. This stage is often detected during routine physical exams or diagnostic tests. Treatment is not yet needed. Moderate aortic stenosis (progressive AS): As the narrowing progresses, many people remain mostly asymptomatic, but regular monitoring is recommended. You may begin to notice symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, especially during physical activity. Some patients may start considering valve replacement options. Severe aortic stenosis (asymptomatic severe): At this stage, the aortic valve has narrowed significantly, restricting blood flow from the heart. Symptoms may become more noticeable, even during rest, although some individuals might still be asymptomatic. The narrowing is severe, requiring close observation and possibly treatment. Critical aortic stenosis (symptomatic severe): In this final stage, the condition can become life-threatening if untreated, with symptoms such as heart failure or the risk of sudden cardiac arrest. The narrowing is severe, and even asymptomatic patients may require immediate intervention. […] During the most critical phase of the condition, patients often experience severe chest pain, fainting, stroke, and heart failure.

• #37 Aortic Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557628/

  In asymptomatic patients, repeat imaging is typically performed every 3 to 5 years for mild, 1 to 2 years for moderate, and 6 to 12 months for severe aortic stenosis unless they become symptomatic. It is difficult to predict the rate of progression of aortic stenosis as it is highly variable. However, older age, severe leaflet calcification, hypertension, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome, elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein A, and increased activity of lipoprotein-A are associated with rapid hemodynamic regression. […] Survival is poor in symptomatic patients, even while the symptoms are mild, unless the outflow obstruction is relieved. Average survival without AVR is only about 1 to 3 years after the symptom onset.

• #38 Progression of aortic stenosis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/477425/

  We assessed progressive stenosis of the aortic valve in 11 adult patients (mean age of 48 years) with aortic stenosis who had undergone two cardiac catheterizations without intervening aortic valve surgery. […] The results showed that progressive stenosis of the aortic valve occurred in 10 of 11 patients with a significant decrease in the calculated mean aortic valve area from 1.2 +/- 0.2 sq cm to 0.7 +/- 0.1 sq cm (P less than 0.005); a significant increase in mean left ventricular peak systolic pressure from 149 +/- 8 mm Hg to 199 +/- 3 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), and a significant increase in mean left ventricular aortic pressure gradient from 31 +/- 4 mm Hg to 75 +/- 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.005). […] Thus, progressive stenosis of the aortic valve occurs in adults with isolated aortic valvular stenosis. Significant decrease in the aortic valve area can develop in as short a period as 27 to 29 months.

• #39 Aortic Stenosis Progression From Mild to Moderate to Severe

  https://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/heart-surgery-blog/2010/04/27/aortic-stenosis-progression-calcified-leaflet/

  Emma just emailed me an interesting question about aortic valve stenosis and the rate at which this form of heart valve disease progresses. […] For now, my cardiologist says we’re in ‘Monitor Mode’ with the chance of surgery in the future. […] I imagine her cardiologist will require routine echocardiograms every 6 to 12 months to further evaluate valve function and the potential onset of symptoms. […] According to The Cleveland Clinic, catheterization and echocardiographic studies suggest that, on average, the valve area declines 0.1-0.3 square centimeters per year. […] The Cleveland Clinic also states that the systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve can increase by as much as 10-15 mm Hg per year. […] A more rapid rate of aortic stenosis progression is observed in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic renal insufficiency. […] Although there is no definitive rate of aortic stenosis progression across the entire patient community, I hope this information offers some insight into this topic.

• #40 Aortic Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557628/

  In asymptomatic patients, repeat imaging is typically performed every 3 to 5 years for mild, 1 to 2 years for moderate, and 6 to 12 months for severe aortic stenosis unless they become symptomatic. It is difficult to predict the rate of progression of aortic stenosis as it is highly variable. However, older age, severe leaflet calcification, hypertension, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome, elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein A, and increased activity of lipoprotein-A are associated with rapid hemodynamic regression. […] Survival is poor in symptomatic patients, even while the symptoms are mild, unless the outflow obstruction is relieved. Average survival without AVR is only about 1 to 3 years after the symptom onset.

• #41 Aortic Stenosis Progression From Mild to Moderate to Severe

  https://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/heart-surgery-blog/2010/04/27/aortic-stenosis-progression-calcified-leaflet/

  Emma just emailed me an interesting question about aortic valve stenosis and the rate at which this form of heart valve disease progresses. […] For now, my cardiologist says we’re in ‘Monitor Mode’ with the chance of surgery in the future. […] I imagine her cardiologist will require routine echocardiograms every 6 to 12 months to further evaluate valve function and the potential onset of symptoms. […] According to The Cleveland Clinic, catheterization and echocardiographic studies suggest that, on average, the valve area declines 0.1-0.3 square centimeters per year. […] The Cleveland Clinic also states that the systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve can increase by as much as 10-15 mm Hg per year. […] A more rapid rate of aortic stenosis progression is observed in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic renal insufficiency. […] Although there is no definitive rate of aortic stenosis progression across the entire patient community, I hope this information offers some insight into this topic.

• #42 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis/symptoms

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #43 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #44 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis/symptoms

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #45 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis

  The classic triad of symptoms of aortic stenosis are angina, syncope and dyspnea. Mortality from aortic stenosis dramatically increases once symptoms develop. […] The classic symptoms of aortic stenosis occur with exertion: dyspnea, syncope and angina. Valvular aortic stenosis takes many years to develop and is initially asymptomatic (latent period). Dyspnea is the initial symptom in about 50% of the cases; syncope and angina account for 35% and 15% of initial symptoms, respectively. […] The clinical significance of symptoms with aortic stenosis must not be underemphasized; a dramatic increase in mortality accompanies the onset of symptoms. In one large series, in the absence of aortic valve replacement, patients who presented with dyspnea had a mean life expectancy of 2 years, those with syncope about 3 years and those with angina lived an average of 5 years.

• #46 What is Aortic Stenosis? | Aortic Stenosis Symptoms

  https://www.structuralheart.abbott/patients/heart-valve-disease/aortic-stenosis

  Aortic stenosis symptoms may not be noticeable during the mild-to-moderate stages of the disease when blood flow is not significantly reduced. […] Once the disease progresses to this severe stage, aortic stenosis symptoms may include: Shortness of Breath, Dizziness, Difficulty in Walking, Reduced Ability, Chest Pain, Heart Palpitations, Ankles and Feet swelling, Difficulty in Sleeping. […] The symptoms of aortic stenosis can be misunderstood as normal signs of aging if you or a loved one experience any of these symptoms, see a doctor right away. […] Aortic stenosis is a progressive disease, which means that it will become more severe over time. […] From the onset of symptoms, risk of death from severe aortic stenosis is as high as 25% at 1 year and 50% at 2 years in patients who do not undergo aortic valve replacement.

• #47 Aortic Valve Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aortic-stenosis

  In severe cases, an infant may have significant breathing difficulties that develop within weeks of birth. Without treatment, mild cases can potentially worsen as the child gets older. […] Untreated, aortic valve stenosis can be serious or deadly. Early treatment options aim to help slow disease progression or repair or replace the narrowed valve. […] Without treatment, people with severe aortic valve stenosis typically live for 1 to 3 years from diagnosis.

• #48 Aortic Stenosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150638-overview

  Symptoms of aortic stenosis usually develop gradually after an asymptomatic latent period of 10-20 years. Exertional dyspnea or fatigue is the most common initial complaint. Ultimately, most patients experience the classic triad of chest pain, heart failure, and syncope. […] Among symptomatic patients with medically treated, moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis, mortality rates from the onset of symptoms are approximately 25% at 1 year and 50% at 2 years. More than 50% of deaths are sudden. In patients in whom the aortic valve obstruction remains unrelieved, the onset of symptoms predicts a poor outcome with medical therapy; the approximate time interval from the onset of symptoms to death is 1.5-2 years for heart failure, 3 years for syncope, and 5 years for angina. […] Although the obstruction tends to progress more rapidly in degenerative calcific aortic valve disease than in congenital or rheumatic disease, predicting the rate of progression in individual patients is not possible. Catheterization and echocardiographic studies suggest that, on average, the valve area declines 0.1 to 0.3 cm2 per year; the systolic pressure gradient across the valve can increase by as much as 10-15 mmHg per year. Obstruction progresses more rapidly in elderly patients with coronary artery disease and chronic renal insufficiency.

• #49 Aortic Stenosis Progression: How Fast Does This Happen?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/aortic-stenosis-progression

  When symptoms do appear, they can include things like: chest pain, heart palpitations or fluttering, shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, low tolerance for routine daily activities, swollen feet or ankles, difficulty sleeping or lying flat, increased fatigue. […] As aortic stenosis progresses to later stages, symptoms become more severe and may evolve into other serious conditions like heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. […] People with severe symptoms and advanced stages of aortic stenosis have the highest risk of sudden death. […] Although rates of progression to higher stages varies, people whose condition progresses more quickly to more serious stages of aortic stenosis over a shorter period of time usually have worse outcomes and higher rates of dying. […] Aortic stenosis can develop without symptoms, but over time, the stiffening and narrowing of the aortic valve decreases blood flow from the heart out to the rest of the body. This can lead to severe symptoms that reduce your daily ability to function, which can cause complications like heart failure. Aortic stenosis progression can even lead to death.

• #50 Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23046-aortic-valve-stenosis

  For some people, aortic valve stenosis can happen slowly and take several years. For others, it can happen much faster. If you wait too long for treatment, you may have heart damage that a provider can’t repair or reverse. In cases of severe aortic stenosis, there’s also a risk of dying suddenly. Because of this, your healthcare provider may advise you not to delay treatment. […] Untreated aortic stenosis can cause big disruptions in your life, especially once it becomes severe or critical. Most people don’t survive more than a few years without treatment. […] With timely or early treatment, the prognosis for aortic stenosis is good or excellent. You’ll need lifelong follow-up care, but otherwise can resume most or all of your usual activities.

• #51 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis, Symptom Progression, Surgery

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/aortic-stenosis-7965999

  It’s important to pay attention to any symptoms, because once symptoms are present, it’s time to get the valve fixed. […] If you have been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, it’s important to follow up with a cardiologist for regular screening and/or treatment. […] Symptoms may include: Chest discomfort, Shortness of breath, Fatigue or weakness, Exercise intolerance, Palpitations, Light-headedness or fainting. […] A heart valve replacement is needed if aortic stenosis becomes very severe or if symptoms develop. […] Progression of aortic stenosis varies based on the type of aortic stenosis and the severity at diagnosis. Those with severely narrowed valves experience the most rapid progression. Once aortic stenosis is severe, the two-year survival rate is 30% to 50% without valve replacement.

• #52 Aortic Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557628/

  In asymptomatic patients, repeat imaging is typically performed every 3 to 5 years for mild, 1 to 2 years for moderate, and 6 to 12 months for severe aortic stenosis unless they become symptomatic. It is difficult to predict the rate of progression of aortic stenosis as it is highly variable. However, older age, severe leaflet calcification, hypertension, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome, elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein A, and increased activity of lipoprotein-A are associated with rapid hemodynamic regression. […] Survival is poor in symptomatic patients, even while the symptoms are mild, unless the outflow obstruction is relieved. Average survival without AVR is only about 1 to 3 years after the symptom onset.

• #53 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p717.html

  The 10-year survival rate in Medicare-age patients after aortic valve replacement is almost identical to that in age- and sex-matched persons who do not have aortic stenosis. […] Aortic valve replacement is also recommended for asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis accompanied by LV systolic dysfunction (i.e., ejection fraction of less than 50 percent). […] However, watchful waiting is recommended in most asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis, including those with severe disease. […] Attempts have been made to identify those who are more likely to have poor outcomes without early aortic valve replacement. […] It is important to distinguish patients who are truly asymptomatic from those who have a routine activity level that has decreased to below their symptom threshold.

• #54 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  Although outcomes in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis are similar to those in age-matched control patients, survival is extremely poor once even subtle symptoms are present. […] Attempts have been made to identify patients who are more likely to have poor outcomes without early aortic valve replacement. […] Patients with severe stenosis (transaortic velocity of at least 5.0 m per second) or a rapid increase in transaortic velocity over time (0.3 m per second or more per year) have a high likelihood of becoming symptomatic and of needing aortic valve replacement within the next one to two years. […] It is important to distinguish patients who are truly asymptomatic from those whose routine activity level has subtly decreased to below their symptom threshold.

• #55 Aortic Stenosis Progression: How Fast Does This Happen?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/aortic-stenosis-progression

  When symptoms do appear, they can include things like: chest pain, heart palpitations or fluttering, shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, low tolerance for routine daily activities, swollen feet or ankles, difficulty sleeping or lying flat, increased fatigue. […] As aortic stenosis progresses to later stages, symptoms become more severe and may evolve into other serious conditions like heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. […] People with severe symptoms and advanced stages of aortic stenosis have the highest risk of sudden death. […] Although rates of progression to higher stages varies, people whose condition progresses more quickly to more serious stages of aortic stenosis over a shorter period of time usually have worse outcomes and higher rates of dying. […] Aortic stenosis can develop without symptoms, but over time, the stiffening and narrowing of the aortic valve decreases blood flow from the heart out to the rest of the body. This can lead to severe symptoms that reduce your daily ability to function, which can cause complications like heart failure. Aortic stenosis progression can even lead to death.

• #56 Aortic Stenosis: What Your Symptoms Mean

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/aortic-stenosis-stages

  If your aortic stenosis is severe, you may have the same symptoms as some people with moderate cases — such as chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath when youre active, and fainting. These signs can also mean that the disease is starting to worsen more quickly. […] If left untreated, severe aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure. Intense fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling of your ankles and feet are all signs of this. It can also lead to heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) and even sudden cardiac death. […] Still, some people — especially older adults — can have a severe case without any symptoms. The only warning you may have is a lower amount of energy when you do physical activity. If so, it might be what doctors call asymptomatic aortic stenosis. […] Because signs of this condition vary so widely, your doctor will want to do tests to see how well your heart is working. Your treatment will be based on your symptoms as well as what these tests show.

• #57 Aortic stenosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000178.htm

  Most people with aortic stenosis do not develop symptoms until the disease is advanced. The diagnosis may have been made when the health care provider heard a heart murmur and performed tests before any symptoms developed. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis include: Chest discomfort: The chest pain may get worse with activity and reach into the arm, neck, or jaw. The chest may also feel tight or squeezed. […] In infants and children, symptoms include: Becoming easily tired with exertion (in mild cases), Failure to gain weight, Poor feeding, Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases). […] Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They are also at risk for a heart infection called bacterial endocarditis. […] The outcome varies. The disorder may be mild and not produce symptoms. Over time, the aortic valve may become narrower. This may result in more severe heart problems such as: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, Blood clots to the brain (stroke), intestines, kidneys, or other areas, Fainting spells (syncope), Heart failure, High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #58 Aortic stenosis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000178.htm

  Most people with aortic stenosis do not develop symptoms until the disease is advanced. The diagnosis may have been made when the health care provider heard a heart murmur and performed tests before any symptoms developed. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis include: Chest discomfort: The chest pain may get worse with activity and reach into the arm, neck, or jaw. The chest may also feel tight or squeezed. […] In infants and children, symptoms include: Becoming easily tired with exertion (in mild cases), Failure to gain weight, Poor feeding, Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases). […] Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They are also at risk for a heart infection called bacterial endocarditis. […] The outcome varies. The disorder may be mild and not produce symptoms. Over time, the aortic valve may become narrower. This may result in more severe heart problems such as: Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, Blood clots to the brain (stroke), intestines, kidneys, or other areas, Fainting spells (syncope), Heart failure, High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #59 Congenital Aortic Stenosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/avs

  Aortic stenosis occurs when defects of the aortic valve lead to narrowing and blocks between the left ventricle and the aorta. […] Symptoms occur with severe aortic stenosis. A newborn with critical aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure in the first days of life. This is an emergency that requires immediate treatment. […] In an older child, severe aortic stenosis rarely causes heart failure. The child may have chest pain, lightheadedness or fainting spells with exercise. Severe aortic stenosis is a rare cause of sudden death during sports activities. […] Aortic stenosis may continue to progress. Children with mild disease may need treatment later in life if their aortic stenosis worsens. […] It is important to understand that all treatments for aortic stenosis are palliative, not curative.

• #60 Aortic Stenosis Topic Review

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-stenosis/symptoms

  Dyspnea on exertion indicates early heart failure. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction typically contribute to heart failure with aortic stenosis. Other classic symptoms of heart failure orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) and signs of right-sided heart failure (eg, peripheral edema) may also occur. […] Stage D aortic stenosis (symptomatic severe AS) is distinguished from Stages A, B and C by the presence of symptoms. […] Symptoms characteristic of Stage D1 aortic stenosis include exertional dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, or heart failure; exertional angina; and exertional syncope or presyncope. […] Symptoms associated with Stage D2 aortic stenosis include heart failure, angina, and syncope or presyncope. […] Stage D3 aortic stenosis is accompanied with the same symptoms as Stage D2 disease (heart failure, angina, and syncope or presyncope).

• #61 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  To diagnose aortic valve stenosis, a healthcare professional examines you and asks questions about your symptoms and medical history. The health professional listens to your heart with a stethoscope. If you have aortic valve stenosis, a sound called a heart murmur may be heard. […] Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. […] If you have no symptoms or just mild ones, you may only need regular health checkups. Some people need medicines to treat valve disease symptoms or reduce the risk of complications. […] The stage of heart valve disease depends on many things, including symptoms, disease severity, the structure of the valve or valves, and blood flow through the heart and lungs. […] Heart valve disease is staged into four basic groups: Stage A: At risk. Risk factors for heart valve disease are present. Stage B: Progressive. Valve disease is mild or moderate. There are no heart valve symptoms. Stage C: Asymptomatic severe. There are no heart valve symptoms but the valve disease is severe. Stage D: Symptomatic severe. Heart valve disease is severe and is causing symptoms.

Zobacz więcej