Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prevention of aortic valve stenosis: a realistic therapeutic target? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516738/

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the Western world, affecting ~40% of the population over the age of 80; to date the only established treatment is valve replacement. […] We review emerging options for pharmacotherapy of AS, including in particular retardation of disease progression. The various clinical evaluations of lipid-reducing therapy have been uniformly unsuccessful in slowing AS progression. However, recent studies in animal models and retrospective evaluations in humans suggest that ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in this regard. Furthermore, agents normally utilized to treat osteoporosis also offer promise in retarding AS. Given the considerable morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with AS, such therapeutic developments should be expedited.

• #2 Current Strategies in the Management of Aortic Stenosis | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/final-word-current-strategies-lifetime-management-patients-aortic-valve-stenosis?language_content_entity=en

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in developed countries, with a prevalence that increases exponentially with advancing age. […] Previous studies have revealed an association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, and the development of severe AS. Therefore, optimal control of these risk factors may mitigate the likelihood or delay the onset of AS. […] Nonetheless, no medical treatment has been proven to prevent or treat AS efficaciously. […] Clinical guidelines provide no recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of AS beyond symptomatic relief and control of concomitant hypertension. […] Therefore, the ideal timing of the procedure is best described as the point in the disease course when the benefits of valve replacement outweigh the risks of the procedure and the untreated native disease. […] Within this context, well-conducted clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to better understand the optimal management of patients with AS in terms of optimal medical therapy, timing, and mode of intervention.

• #3 Prevention of aortic valve disease: between doubts and certainties

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/prevention-of-aortic-valve-disease-between-doubts-and-certainties

  Aortic valve disease and its prevention is a topic in constant evolution. Currently, medical therapy able to prevent the development of aortic valve disease is not available. […] Prevention also includes avoidance of rheumatic fever and endocarditis. […] Possible prevention strategies have been analysed in the literature. […] Medical therapy, cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of pathologies, such as rheumatic fever and endocarditis, are the most interesting fields which have been investigated in terms of prevention. […] Prevention of rheumatic heart disease means the prevention of the first attack of acute rheumatic fever. […] The objective of primary prevention is the proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. […] Prevention measures are based on good daily dental hygiene, using optimal quality toothbrushes, and dental follow-up. […] Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and endocarditis must be performed according to the current indication to avoid the risk of consequent valvular diseases.

• #4 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p717.html

  Aortic valve replacement is the only effective treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. […] Watchful waiting is recommended for most patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis, including those with severe disease. […] Serial Doppler echocardiography is recommended annually for severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years for moderate disease, and every three to five years for mild disease. […] Aspirin prophylaxis should be considered in adults with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease of 6 percent or greater, which is common with aortic stenosis. […] Medical treatments have been proven to delay the progression of aortic valve disease or to improve survival. […] However, many patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis have concurrent cardiac conditions, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and CAD; these conditions should be carefully controlled.

• #5 Prevention of aortic valve disease: between doubts and certainties

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/prevention-of-aortic-valve-disease-between-doubts-and-certainties

  Aortic valve disease and its prevention is a topic in constant evolution. Currently, medical therapy able to prevent the development of aortic valve disease is not available. […] Prevention also includes avoidance of rheumatic fever and endocarditis. […] Possible prevention strategies have been analysed in the literature. […] Medical therapy, cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of pathologies, such as rheumatic fever and endocarditis, are the most interesting fields which have been investigated in terms of prevention. […] Prevention of rheumatic heart disease means the prevention of the first attack of acute rheumatic fever. […] The objective of primary prevention is the proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. […] Prevention measures are based on good daily dental hygiene, using optimal quality toothbrushes, and dental follow-up. […] Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and endocarditis must be performed according to the current indication to avoid the risk of consequent valvular diseases.

• #6 Aortic valve stenosis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/aortic-valve-stenosis

  Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis are: […] Get a health checkup when you have a sore throat. Strep throat that is not treated can lead to rheumatic fever, which can damage heart valves. Strep throat can usually be easily treated with antibiotics. Rheumatic fever is more common in children and young adults. […] Keep the heart healthy. Talk about your risk factors for heart disease with your healthcare team. Ask how to prevent and manage them. Risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol may be linked to aortic valve stenosis. […] Take care of the teeth and gums. There may be a link between infected gums, called gingivitis, and a heart infection known as endocarditis. Endocarditis is a risk factor for aortic valve stenosis.

• #7 Aortic valve stenosis – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/aortic-valve-stenosis/

  Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis include: […] Taking steps to prevent rheumatic fever. You can do this by making sure that you see your doctor when you have a sore throat. Untreated strep throat can develop into rheumatic fever. Fortunately, strep throat can usually be easily treated with antibiotics. Rheumatic fever is more common in children and young adults. […] Addressing risk factors for coronary artery disease. These include high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol levels. These factors may be linked to aortic valve stenosis, so it’s a good idea to keep your weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels under control if you have aortic valve stenosis. […] Taking care of your teeth and gums. There may be a link between infected gums (gingivitis) and infected heart tissue (endocarditis). Inflammation of heart tissue caused by infection can narrow arteries and aggravate aortic valve stenosis. […] Once you know that you have aortic valve stenosis, your doctor may recommend that you limit strenuous activity to avoid overworking your heart.

• #8 Aortic stenosis prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_stenosis_prevention

  The risk of developing aortic stenosis following rheumatic heart disease can be minimized with early antibiotic therapy among patients with documented streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat).[1] […] As for calcific aortic stenosis, a number of small, observational studies have demonstrated an association between lowering cholesterol levels and decreasing the progression of the aortic stenosis;[2] however, randomized clinical trials have failed to corroborate these findings.[3][4][5]

• #9 Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23046-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Treating bacterial infections promptly is the only way to prevent aortic stenosis. This includes taking antibiotics and other medications as directed, not just until you feel better. […] You usually cant prevent aortic valve stenosis that results from aging or from inherited or chronic conditions.

• #10 Aortic Stenosis – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/aortic-stenosis.html

  Manage other health conditions. High blood pressure and high cholesterol levels increase your risk for aortic stenosis. Ask your healthcare provider for more information on managing these conditions. […] Get treatment for strep throat. If strep throat is not treated, it can cause rheumatic fever. […] Take care of your teeth and gums. Gingivitis, a gum disease, increases your risk for aortic stenosis. See your dental provider regularly to treat problems early.

• #11 Aortic stenosis precautions and prophylaxis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_stenosis_precautions_and_prophylaxis

  Aortic stenosis of any etiology is associated with a higher rate of infection of the stenosed valve, i.e. infective endocarditis. The American Heart Association recommended that prophylaxis against infective endocarditis be limited only to patients with either prosthetic heart valves, previous episode(s) of endocarditis, or with certain types of congenital heart disease. Patients with severe aortic stenosis should avoid strenuous exercise and any exercise that greatly increases afterload such as weight lifting. […] To reduce the risk of developing infective endocarditis among high-risk patients, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered prior to certain dental/medical/surgical procedures. Such procedures may include dental extraction, deep scaling of the teeth, gum surgery, dental implants, treatment of esophageal varices, dilation of esophageal strictures, gastrointestinal surgery where the intestinal mucosa will be disrupted, prostate surgery, urethral stricture dilation, and cystoscopy. […] Given the risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death, patients with severe aortic stenosis ( 1.0 cm2) should avoid strenuous physical activity including weightlifting and other activities that increase afterload.

• #12 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  In patients with aortic stenosis, the 10-year cardiovascular risk should be determined and the benefits and risks of statin therapy and aspirin prophylaxis should be discussed based on current guidelines. […] Antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is not recommended for patients with aortic stenosis unless they have undergone aortic valve replacement or have a history of endocarditis. […] In asymptomatic patients, serial Doppler echocardiography should be performed every six to 12 months in those with severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years in those with moderate stenosis, and every three to five years in those with mild stenosis. […] Patients should be educated about symptoms and the importance of promptly reporting them to their physician. […] The overall risk of cardiovascular events increases 1.5- to twofold in the presence of aortic valve calcification, even in the absence of valvular stenosis.

• #13 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p717.html

  ACC/AHA guidelines recommend evaluation and modification of cardiac risk factors in these patients. […] This includes discontinuation of tobacco use, initiation of aspirin prophylaxis in adult patients with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease 6 percent or greater, and participation in regular exercise. […] Antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is recommended in patients who have undergone aortic valve replacement, but is no longer recommended for patients with aortic stenosis or other acquired valve diseases.

• #14 Aortic Stenosis

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/Valve/ArtcStns.htm

  Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis progression is not prevented by any specific measures. […] SBE Prophylaxis is no longer recommended (until aortic Valve Replacement, or history of prior endocarditis). […] Manage comorbid conditions. […] Maintain adequate hydration (Preload dependent). […] Avoid strenuous Exercise or activity in moderate to severe Aortic Stenosis. […] Limit activity in high Dynamic Sports and high Static Sports. […] No restriction needed for mild Aortic Stenosis. […] Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. […] Consider Aspirin prophylaxis. […] Consider Statin for lipid lowering. […] Control Hypertension (40% of patients).

• #15 Aortic Stenosis

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/Valve/ArtcStns.htm

  Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis progression is not prevented by any specific measures. […] SBE Prophylaxis is no longer recommended (until aortic Valve Replacement, or history of prior endocarditis). […] Manage comorbid conditions. […] Maintain adequate hydration (Preload dependent). […] Avoid strenuous Exercise or activity in moderate to severe Aortic Stenosis. […] Limit activity in high Dynamic Sports and high Static Sports. […] No restriction needed for mild Aortic Stenosis. […] Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. […] Consider Aspirin prophylaxis. […] Consider Statin for lipid lowering. […] Control Hypertension (40% of patients).

• #16 Aortic stenosis precautions and prophylaxis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_stenosis_precautions_and_prophylaxis

  Aortic stenosis of any etiology is associated with a higher rate of infection of the stenosed valve, i.e. infective endocarditis. The American Heart Association recommended that prophylaxis against infective endocarditis be limited only to patients with either prosthetic heart valves, previous episode(s) of endocarditis, or with certain types of congenital heart disease. Patients with severe aortic stenosis should avoid strenuous exercise and any exercise that greatly increases afterload such as weight lifting. […] To reduce the risk of developing infective endocarditis among high-risk patients, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered prior to certain dental/medical/surgical procedures. Such procedures may include dental extraction, deep scaling of the teeth, gum surgery, dental implants, treatment of esophageal varices, dilation of esophageal strictures, gastrointestinal surgery where the intestinal mucosa will be disrupted, prostate surgery, urethral stricture dilation, and cystoscopy. […] Given the risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death, patients with severe aortic stenosis ( 1.0 cm2) should avoid strenuous physical activity including weightlifting and other activities that increase afterload.

• #17 Aortic Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.medicinenet.com/aortic_stenosis/article.htm

  Patients with moderate aortic stenosis (valve area 1.5 to 1.0 square centimeters) are advised to avoid strenuous activities such as weight lifting or sprinting. […] Since valve infection (endocarditis) is a serious complication of aortic stenosis, these patients are usually given antibiotics before any procedure in which bacteria may be introduced into the bloodstream. This includes routine dental work, minor surgery, and procedures that may traumatize body tissues such as colonoscopy and gynecologic or urologic examinations. Examples of antibiotics used include oral amoxicillin (Amoxil) and erythromycin (E-Mycin, Eryc, PCE), as well as intramuscular or intravenous ampicillin (Unasyn), gentamicin (Garamycin), and vancomycin (Lyphocin, Vancocin).

• #18 Prevention of aortic valve disease: between doubts and certainties

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/prevention-of-aortic-valve-disease-between-doubts-and-certainties

  Aortic valve disease and its prevention is a topic in constant evolution. Currently, medical therapy able to prevent the development of aortic valve disease is not available. […] Prevention also includes avoidance of rheumatic fever and endocarditis. […] Possible prevention strategies have been analysed in the literature. […] Medical therapy, cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of pathologies, such as rheumatic fever and endocarditis, are the most interesting fields which have been investigated in terms of prevention. […] Prevention of rheumatic heart disease means the prevention of the first attack of acute rheumatic fever. […] The objective of primary prevention is the proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. […] Prevention measures are based on good daily dental hygiene, using optimal quality toothbrushes, and dental follow-up. […] Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and endocarditis must be performed according to the current indication to avoid the risk of consequent valvular diseases.

• #19 Aortic valve stenosis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/aortic-valve-stenosis

  Some possible ways to prevent aortic valve stenosis are: […] Get a health checkup when you have a sore throat. Strep throat that is not treated can lead to rheumatic fever, which can damage heart valves. Strep throat can usually be easily treated with antibiotics. Rheumatic fever is more common in children and young adults. […] Keep the heart healthy. Talk about your risk factors for heart disease with your healthcare team. Ask how to prevent and manage them. Risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol may be linked to aortic valve stenosis. […] Take care of the teeth and gums. There may be a link between infected gums, called gingivitis, and a heart infection known as endocarditis. Endocarditis is a risk factor for aortic valve stenosis.

• #20 Prevention

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/aortic-stenosis/prevention

  There are steps you can take to strengthen your heart and guard against developing aortic stenosis. These include: […] Although not proved, factors that can cause calcium buildup in the arteries of the heart (called atherosclerosis) also can cause calcium buildup on the aortic valve. […] Infection in your gums can sometimes cause an infection of the heart valves and cause aortic stenosis. […] If rheumatic fever is not treated, it can cause aortic stenosis years later.

• #21 Aortic Stenosis – Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis And Prevention

  https://ehealthyinfo.com/blog/aortic-stenosis/

  You can take steps to strengthen your heart and guard against developing aortic stenosis. These include: […] Healthy choices such as daily physical exercise and quitting smoking can prevent calcium buildup in arteries and aortic valve. If you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or kidney problems, you should consult your doctor regarding adequate management of these chronic health conditions. […] Gum infections can lead to infection and development of aortic valve stenosis. A regular dental checkup can avoid aortic valve disease secondary to gum infections. […] The bacteria that cause strep throat can sometimes cause rheumatic fever if left untreated. Rheumatic fever often happens in children and young adults. This is a condition that can be easily treated with antibiotics. So, getting treated for strep throat is important to prevent valvular heart disease.

• #22

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw179837

  Your doctor will recommend a heart-healthy lifestyle. […] This lifestyle means that you: Don’t smoke. Eat heart-healthy foods. Be active. Ask your doctor what level and type of exercise is safe for you. Stay at a healthy weight. Lose weight if you need to. Manage other health problems. […] You can live a full and active life by doing things that help keep your heart and body healthy. Here’s how. Have a heart-healthy lifestyle. […] Practice good dental hygiene, and have regular checkups. Good dental health is especially important. That’s because bacteria can spread from teeth and gums to the heart valves. […] If you have severe stenosis, you may choose to have your aortic valve replaced. Valve replacement is done to help you feel better and live longer. […] To help decide about valve replacement, you and your doctor will look at your overall health, your heart health, if you have symptoms, and how bad the stenosis is.

• #23 Current Strategies in the Management of Aortic Stenosis | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/final-word-current-strategies-lifetime-management-patients-aortic-valve-stenosis?language_content_entity=en

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in developed countries, with a prevalence that increases exponentially with advancing age. […] Previous studies have revealed an association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, and the development of severe AS. Therefore, optimal control of these risk factors may mitigate the likelihood or delay the onset of AS. […] Nonetheless, no medical treatment has been proven to prevent or treat AS efficaciously. […] Clinical guidelines provide no recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of AS beyond symptomatic relief and control of concomitant hypertension. […] Therefore, the ideal timing of the procedure is best described as the point in the disease course when the benefits of valve replacement outweigh the risks of the procedure and the untreated native disease. […] Within this context, well-conducted clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to better understand the optimal management of patients with AS in terms of optimal medical therapy, timing, and mode of intervention.

• #24 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  In patients with aortic stenosis, the 10-year cardiovascular risk should be determined and the benefits and risks of statin therapy and aspirin prophylaxis should be discussed based on current guidelines. […] Antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is not recommended for patients with aortic stenosis unless they have undergone aortic valve replacement or have a history of endocarditis. […] In asymptomatic patients, serial Doppler echocardiography should be performed every six to 12 months in those with severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years in those with moderate stenosis, and every three to five years in those with mild stenosis. […] Patients should be educated about symptoms and the importance of promptly reporting them to their physician. […] The overall risk of cardiovascular events increases 1.5- to twofold in the presence of aortic valve calcification, even in the absence of valvular stenosis.

• #25 Can Aortic Stenosis Be Prevented? | Cardiovascular Disease Specialists located in Riverside, CA | Syed Bokhari, MD, FACC

  https://www.acvcare.com/post/can-aortic-stenosis-be-prevented

  Aortic stenosis is like many chronic health conditions it develops for years without causing symptoms. […] Thats why our team at Advanced Cardiovascular Care encourages you to take care of your health and take steps to eliminate the problems that increase your risk of aortic stenosis. […] Preventing aortic stenosis is an area actively being studied, but we know that specific health problems increase your risk for aortic valve narrowing. Eliminating your risk factors influences the health of your aortic valve. […] Since aortic stenosis develops over decades, youll need to follow lifelong habits that protect your overall health and prevent chronic diseases, especially those that contribute to aortic stenosis. […] High blood pressure (hypertension) increases your risk of aortic stenosis. In fact, of all the known risk factors, it has the most significant influence.

• #26 Can Aortic Stenosis Be Prevented? | Cardiovascular Disease Specialists located in Riverside, CA | Syed Bokhari, MD, FACC

  https://www.acvcare.com/post/can-aortic-stenosis-be-prevented

  Its also estimated that 40% of patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis have hypertension, which increases the amount of stress on your heart as it works to pump blood. […] High cholesterol and high blood levels of triglycerides boost your chance of developing aortic stenosis. […] Smoking has a big influence of the development of atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries; its also closely associated with a higher risk of aortic stenosis. […] Diabetes contributes to aortic stenosis and may hasten its progression.

• #27 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  Other risk-reduction measures should include discontinuation of tobacco use and participation in regular exercise if exertional symptoms are not present. […] Treatment of hypertension is recommended in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis. […] However, these patients can be particularly sensitive to the manipulation of preload, contractility, or systemic vasomotor tone. […] Atrial fibrillation occurs in 5% of patients with aortic stenosis. […] New-onset atrial fibrillation may precipitate heart failure in a previously asymptomatic patient with significant aortic stenosis.

• #28 Can Aortic Stenosis Be Prevented? | Cardiovascular Disease Specialists located in Riverside, CA | Syed Bokhari, MD, FACC

  https://www.acvcare.com/post/can-aortic-stenosis-be-prevented

  Its also estimated that 40% of patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis have hypertension, which increases the amount of stress on your heart as it works to pump blood. […] High cholesterol and high blood levels of triglycerides boost your chance of developing aortic stenosis. […] Smoking has a big influence of the development of atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries; its also closely associated with a higher risk of aortic stenosis. […] Diabetes contributes to aortic stenosis and may hasten its progression.

• #29 Prevention of aortic valve stenosis: a realistic therapeutic target? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516738/

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the Western world, affecting ~40% of the population over the age of 80; to date the only established treatment is valve replacement. […] We review emerging options for pharmacotherapy of AS, including in particular retardation of disease progression. The various clinical evaluations of lipid-reducing therapy have been uniformly unsuccessful in slowing AS progression. However, recent studies in animal models and retrospective evaluations in humans suggest that ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in this regard. Furthermore, agents normally utilized to treat osteoporosis also offer promise in retarding AS. Given the considerable morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with AS, such therapeutic developments should be expedited.

• #30 Research reveals link between high cholesterol levels and risk of aortic valve disease | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-02-20-research-reveals-link-between-high-cholesterol-levels-and-risk-aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic stenosis has been widely considered a degenerative disorder associated with ageing with no recommended medical guidance for its prevention. […] The evidence that high cholesterol is a risk factor for aortic stenosis presents clinicians with an opportunity to modify disease risk via preventative measures, for instance through the use of cholesterol-lowering medications such as statin therapy.

• #31 Can Aortic Stenosis Be Prevented? | Cardiovascular Disease Specialists located in Riverside, CA | Syed Bokhari, MD, FACC

  https://www.acvcare.com/post/can-aortic-stenosis-be-prevented

  Its also estimated that 40% of patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis have hypertension, which increases the amount of stress on your heart as it works to pump blood. […] High cholesterol and high blood levels of triglycerides boost your chance of developing aortic stenosis. […] Smoking has a big influence of the development of atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries; its also closely associated with a higher risk of aortic stenosis. […] Diabetes contributes to aortic stenosis and may hasten its progression.

• #32 Can Aortic Stenosis Be Prevented? | Cardiovascular Disease Specialists located in Riverside, CA | Syed Bokhari, MD, FACC

  https://www.acvcare.com/post/can-aortic-stenosis-be-prevented

  Its also estimated that 40% of patients diagnosed with aortic stenosis have hypertension, which increases the amount of stress on your heart as it works to pump blood. […] High cholesterol and high blood levels of triglycerides boost your chance of developing aortic stenosis. […] Smoking has a big influence of the development of atherosclerosis in your coronary arteries; its also closely associated with a higher risk of aortic stenosis. […] Diabetes contributes to aortic stenosis and may hasten its progression.

• #33 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  Other risk-reduction measures should include discontinuation of tobacco use and participation in regular exercise if exertional symptoms are not present. […] Treatment of hypertension is recommended in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis. […] However, these patients can be particularly sensitive to the manipulation of preload, contractility, or systemic vasomotor tone. […] Atrial fibrillation occurs in 5% of patients with aortic stenosis. […] New-onset atrial fibrillation may precipitate heart failure in a previously asymptomatic patient with significant aortic stenosis.

• #34 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Try these tips to help prevent or slow aortic valve stenosis and other types of heart disease. […] Do not smoke or use tobacco. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. If you smoke and can’t quit, talk to your care team about programs or treatments that can help. […] Eat a heart-healthy diet. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, poultry, fish, and whole grains. Limit salt and saturated fats. […] Keep a healthy weight. Lose weight if you are overweight or have obesity. Losing just a few pounds can help reduce risk factors for heart disease. Ask your healthcare professional what weight is best for you. […] Get regular exercise. Exercise helps manage weight and control risk factors for heart disease. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week. Talk with your healthcare team about the amount and type of exercise that’s best for you.

• #35 Aortic stenosis precautions and prophylaxis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_stenosis_precautions_and_prophylaxis

  Aortic stenosis of any etiology is associated with a higher rate of infection of the stenosed valve, i.e. infective endocarditis. The American Heart Association recommended that prophylaxis against infective endocarditis be limited only to patients with either prosthetic heart valves, previous episode(s) of endocarditis, or with certain types of congenital heart disease. Patients with severe aortic stenosis should avoid strenuous exercise and any exercise that greatly increases afterload such as weight lifting. […] To reduce the risk of developing infective endocarditis among high-risk patients, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered prior to certain dental/medical/surgical procedures. Such procedures may include dental extraction, deep scaling of the teeth, gum surgery, dental implants, treatment of esophageal varices, dilation of esophageal strictures, gastrointestinal surgery where the intestinal mucosa will be disrupted, prostate surgery, urethral stricture dilation, and cystoscopy. […] Given the risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death, patients with severe aortic stenosis ( 1.0 cm2) should avoid strenuous physical activity including weightlifting and other activities that increase afterload.

• #36 Aortic stenosis precautions and prophylaxis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Aortic_stenosis_precautions_and_prophylaxis

  Aortic stenosis of any etiology is associated with a higher rate of infection of the stenosed valve, i.e. infective endocarditis. The American Heart Association recommended that prophylaxis against infective endocarditis be limited only to patients with either prosthetic heart valves, previous episode(s) of endocarditis, or with certain types of congenital heart disease. Patients with severe aortic stenosis should avoid strenuous exercise and any exercise that greatly increases afterload such as weight lifting. […] To reduce the risk of developing infective endocarditis among high-risk patients, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered prior to certain dental/medical/surgical procedures. Such procedures may include dental extraction, deep scaling of the teeth, gum surgery, dental implants, treatment of esophageal varices, dilation of esophageal strictures, gastrointestinal surgery where the intestinal mucosa will be disrupted, prostate surgery, urethral stricture dilation, and cystoscopy. […] Given the risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death, patients with severe aortic stenosis ( 1.0 cm2) should avoid strenuous physical activity including weightlifting and other activities that increase afterload.

• #37 Aortic Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.medicinenet.com/aortic_stenosis/article.htm

  Patients with moderate aortic stenosis (valve area 1.5 to 1.0 square centimeters) are advised to avoid strenuous activities such as weight lifting or sprinting. […] Since valve infection (endocarditis) is a serious complication of aortic stenosis, these patients are usually given antibiotics before any procedure in which bacteria may be introduced into the bloodstream. This includes routine dental work, minor surgery, and procedures that may traumatize body tissues such as colonoscopy and gynecologic or urologic examinations. Examples of antibiotics used include oral amoxicillin (Amoxil) and erythromycin (E-Mycin, Eryc, PCE), as well as intramuscular or intravenous ampicillin (Unasyn), gentamicin (Garamycin), and vancomycin (Lyphocin, Vancocin).

• #38 Aortic Stenosis

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/Valve/ArtcStns.htm

  Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis progression is not prevented by any specific measures. […] SBE Prophylaxis is no longer recommended (until aortic Valve Replacement, or history of prior endocarditis). […] Manage comorbid conditions. […] Maintain adequate hydration (Preload dependent). […] Avoid strenuous Exercise or activity in moderate to severe Aortic Stenosis. […] Limit activity in high Dynamic Sports and high Static Sports. […] No restriction needed for mild Aortic Stenosis. […] Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. […] Consider Aspirin prophylaxis. […] Consider Statin for lipid lowering. […] Control Hypertension (40% of patients).

• #39 Aortic Stenosis

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/Valve/ArtcStns.htm

  Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis progression is not prevented by any specific measures. […] SBE Prophylaxis is no longer recommended (until aortic Valve Replacement, or history of prior endocarditis). […] Manage comorbid conditions. […] Maintain adequate hydration (Preload dependent). […] Avoid strenuous Exercise or activity in moderate to severe Aortic Stenosis. […] Limit activity in high Dynamic Sports and high Static Sports. […] No restriction needed for mild Aortic Stenosis. […] Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. […] Consider Aspirin prophylaxis. […] Consider Statin for lipid lowering. […] Control Hypertension (40% of patients).

• #40 Aortic Valve Stenosis | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/aortic-valve-stenosis

  Medically reviewed on July 13, 2023. […] It is important to detect and treat aortic valve stenosis early to help you prevent heart failure. […] Early detection and treatment for aortic valve stenosis can help you prevent heart failure. […] Your physician may prescribe medication(s) to treat your aortic valve stenosis. These include drugs to: […] Reduce heart inflammation or prevent rheumatic fever with antibiotics. […] If you have high blood pressure, diabetes or an autoimmune disease, such as lupus, you may be at higher risk of aortic stenosis.

• #41 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  In patients with aortic stenosis, the 10-year cardiovascular risk should be determined and the benefits and risks of statin therapy and aspirin prophylaxis should be discussed based on current guidelines. […] Antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is not recommended for patients with aortic stenosis unless they have undergone aortic valve replacement or have a history of endocarditis. […] In asymptomatic patients, serial Doppler echocardiography should be performed every six to 12 months in those with severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years in those with moderate stenosis, and every three to five years in those with mild stenosis. […] Patients should be educated about symptoms and the importance of promptly reporting them to their physician. […] The overall risk of cardiovascular events increases 1.5- to twofold in the presence of aortic valve calcification, even in the absence of valvular stenosis.

• #42 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0915/p717.html

  Aortic valve replacement is the only effective treatment for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. […] Watchful waiting is recommended for most patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis, including those with severe disease. […] Serial Doppler echocardiography is recommended annually for severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years for moderate disease, and every three to five years for mild disease. […] Aspirin prophylaxis should be considered in adults with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease of 6 percent or greater, which is common with aortic stenosis. […] Medical treatments have been proven to delay the progression of aortic valve disease or to improve survival. […] However, many patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis have concurrent cardiac conditions, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and CAD; these conditions should be carefully controlled.

• #43 Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0301/p371.html

  In patients with aortic stenosis, the 10-year cardiovascular risk should be determined and the benefits and risks of statin therapy and aspirin prophylaxis should be discussed based on current guidelines. […] Antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis is not recommended for patients with aortic stenosis unless they have undergone aortic valve replacement or have a history of endocarditis. […] In asymptomatic patients, serial Doppler echocardiography should be performed every six to 12 months in those with severe aortic stenosis, every one to two years in those with moderate stenosis, and every three to five years in those with mild stenosis. […] Patients should be educated about symptoms and the importance of promptly reporting them to their physician. […] The overall risk of cardiovascular events increases 1.5- to twofold in the presence of aortic valve calcification, even in the absence of valvular stenosis.

• #44 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Try these tips to help prevent or slow aortic valve stenosis and other types of heart disease. […] Do not smoke or use tobacco. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. If you smoke and can’t quit, talk to your care team about programs or treatments that can help. […] Eat a heart-healthy diet. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, poultry, fish, and whole grains. Limit salt and saturated fats. […] Keep a healthy weight. Lose weight if you are overweight or have obesity. Losing just a few pounds can help reduce risk factors for heart disease. Ask your healthcare professional what weight is best for you. […] Get regular exercise. Exercise helps manage weight and control risk factors for heart disease. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week. Talk with your healthcare team about the amount and type of exercise that’s best for you.

• #45 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Manage stress. Learn ways to help reduce emotional stress. Some ideas are to get more exercise, practice mindfulness or connect with others in support groups. […] Control blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol. Make lifestyle changes and take medicines as directed. Get regular health checkups. […] Limit alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. […] Get good sleep. Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other health conditions. Adults should aim for 7 to 9 hours daily. […] If you have aortic valve stenosis, your healthcare team may recommend that you limit strenuous activity to avoid overworking your heart.

• #46 Prevention of aortic valve stenosis: a realistic therapeutic target? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516738/

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the Western world, affecting ~40% of the population over the age of 80; to date the only established treatment is valve replacement. […] We review emerging options for pharmacotherapy of AS, including in particular retardation of disease progression. The various clinical evaluations of lipid-reducing therapy have been uniformly unsuccessful in slowing AS progression. However, recent studies in animal models and retrospective evaluations in humans suggest that ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in this regard. Furthermore, agents normally utilized to treat osteoporosis also offer promise in retarding AS. Given the considerable morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with AS, such therapeutic developments should be expedited.

• #47 Aortic Stenosis Prevention: Is a New Cardiovascular Disease Paradigm Coming of Age?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/3/903

  We recommend that a hybrid approach with some commonly used drugs in combination to lifestyle modification could retard CAS progression. […] RAAS inhibition is recommended as the main therapy in CAS patients with concomitant HTN. […] It has been shown that RAAS inhibition has pleiotropic and cholesterol-independent effects that extend beyond afterload reduction slowing CAS progression via improvement of endothelial function and elimination of redox stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. […] The use of one single drug alone cannot be expected to be practically fully effective. […] The combination of gastrointestinal bleeding and CAS is a well-described entity (Heyde’s syndrome). […] Therefore, we cannot exclude that ASA treatment could have a protective role against CAS progression or BVF.

• #48 Aortic Stenosis Prevention: Is a New Cardiovascular Disease Paradigm Coming of Age?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/3/903

  We recommend that a hybrid approach with some commonly used drugs in combination to lifestyle modification could retard CAS progression. […] RAAS inhibition is recommended as the main therapy in CAS patients with concomitant HTN. […] It has been shown that RAAS inhibition has pleiotropic and cholesterol-independent effects that extend beyond afterload reduction slowing CAS progression via improvement of endothelial function and elimination of redox stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. […] The use of one single drug alone cannot be expected to be practically fully effective. […] The combination of gastrointestinal bleeding and CAS is a well-described entity (Heyde’s syndrome). […] Therefore, we cannot exclude that ASA treatment could have a protective role against CAS progression or BVF.

• #49 A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/a-new-therapeutic-target-for-the-prevention-of-heart-failure-due-to-aortic-stenosis

  Researchers from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares found stimulation of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor in heart cells helps protect and prevent heart failure from aortic stenosis in a mouse model. […] Now, researchers from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) have identified a potential new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure linked to aortic stenosis using gene therapy. […] Medical therapy for aortic stenosis would be a major scientific advance, he explained. […] Currently, we do not have a medical treatment for aortic stenosis, Heidenreich continued. […] Being able to target the left ventricular dysfunction is a turning point in our search for more sturdy and varied treatment options. […] I suspect that with these study findings, there will be working toward building or creating a pharmaceutical drug that targets the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, he said.

• #50 A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/a-new-therapeutic-target-for-the-prevention-of-heart-failure-due-to-aortic-stenosis

  The next steps for this would be to try delivering this gene therapy in other animals and ultimately a human population, he added. […] Overall, I am encouraged, Tadwalkar concluded. The results of a fairly recent trial showed that use of a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist improved left ventricular ejection fraction in a subgroup of patients with advanced heart failure. This suggests that increasing the quantity of beta-3 adrenergic receptors in humans with left ventricular dysfunction has merit.

• #51 Prevention of aortic valve stenosis: a realistic therapeutic target? – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516738/

  Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the Western world, affecting ~40% of the population over the age of 80; to date the only established treatment is valve replacement. […] We review emerging options for pharmacotherapy of AS, including in particular retardation of disease progression. The various clinical evaluations of lipid-reducing therapy have been uniformly unsuccessful in slowing AS progression. However, recent studies in animal models and retrospective evaluations in humans suggest that ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in this regard. Furthermore, agents normally utilized to treat osteoporosis also offer promise in retarding AS. Given the considerable morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with AS, such therapeutic developments should be expedited.

• #52 Aortic Valve Stenosis: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/aortic-valve-stenosis

  While there is no way to prevent aortic valve stenosis completely, managing certain risk factors can reduce your chance of developing the condition. Maintaining a healthy weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol level are the main ways to reduce your risk.

• #53 Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23046-aortic-valve-stenosis

  Treating bacterial infections promptly is the only way to prevent aortic stenosis. This includes taking antibiotics and other medications as directed, not just until you feel better. […] You usually cant prevent aortic valve stenosis that results from aging or from inherited or chronic conditions.

• #54 Risk factors for aortic stenosis

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/risk-factors-for-aortic-stenosis

  Although aortic valve stenosis (AVS) shares several risk factors with atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering therapy does not reduce AVS progression. […] Modifying risk factors for AVS may reduce morbidity and potentially avoid valve interventions with health economic benefits. […] Assessing the association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with incident aortic valve disease is therefore important in order to identify potential preventive strategies in valvular heart disease. Identifying key risk factors for AVS may, in addition, provide clues for risk stratification and future interventional trials to slow down AVS progression and to avoid, or at least postpone, aortic valve interventions. […] Early detection and treatment of hypertension for the prevention of aortic valve disease therefore warrants further exploration in prospective, observational, and Mendelian randomisation studies.

• #55 Risk factors for aortic stenosis

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/risk-factors-for-aortic-stenosis

  There is an urgent need for prospectively evaluating the effects of risk modifications as well as treatments targeting the potential AVS risk factors. Examples of such therapeutic strategies could potentially include weight loss, Lp(a) lowering, smoking cessation, as well as antihypertensive and antidiabetic treatments. Deciphering the risk factors contributing to AVS incidence and progression will be key in designing preventive measures for slowing down AVS progression, and eventually preventing, or at least postponing, AVS interventions.

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