Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Rumination Syndrome | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral problem. It affects children and some adults. Rumination syndrome causes an automatic regurgitation of recently eaten food. Someone with this problem will often eat meals normally. But after about 10 to 15 minutes, undigested food comes back up into the mouth from the food pipe (esophagus). This may continue for about 1 to 2 hours. The person may rechew and reswallow the food. Or they may spit it out. Often this happens at every meal, day after day. Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. […] Rumination syndrome is a rare problem. But it may be underdiagnosed because it is mistaken for another problem. […] The symptoms of rumination syndrome don’t get better with normal treatment of reflux. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.

• #2 Rumination Syndrome

  https://healthlibrary.brighamandwomens.org/library/encyclopedia/134,82

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral problem. It affects children and some adults. Rumination syndrome causes an automatic regurgitation of recently eaten food. Someone with this problem will often eat meals normally. But after about 10 to 15 minutes, undigested food comes back up into the mouth from the food pipe (esophagus). This may continue for about 1 to 2 hours. The person may rechew and reswallow the food. Or they may spit it out. Often this happens at every meal, day after day. Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. […] Rumination syndrome is a rare problem. But it may be underdiagnosed because it is mistaken for another problem. […] Rumination is most often diagnosed in children. But it’s also diagnosed in adults. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.

• #3 Rumination Syndrome | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral problem. It affects children and some adults. Rumination syndrome causes an automatic regurgitation of recently eaten food. […] Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. […] This problem is a psychological disorder. It may be mistaken for vomiting or other digestive problems. […] Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it. […] Rumination syndrome should be considered in anyone who vomits after eating, has regurgitation, and weight loss.

• #4 Rumination Syndrome | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral problem. It affects children and some adults. Rumination syndrome causes an automatic regurgitation of recently eaten food. […] Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. […] The symptoms of rumination syndrome don’t get better with normal treatment of reflux. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] There currently arent any medicines available that effectively treat rumination syndrome. The best way to stop it is to relearn how to eat and digest food correctly. This requires diaphragmatic breathing training. […] Work with your healthcare provider or your child’s healthcare provider to know the symptoms. Then work with a behavioral psychologist to end the pattern. […] Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it.

• #5 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  Rumination syndrome can be present in both children and adults and can significantly affect their quality of life. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and improving care for patients with this condition. […] The initial management of patients with rumination syndrome consists of education regarding the disease process, reassurance, and behavioral modifications to reduce the episodes of regurgitation. […] Diaphragmatic breathing is the first-line treatment for rumination syndrome. […] Referral to a behavioral therapist for augmentation strategies (general relaxation and gum chewing) and cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination disorder (CBT-RD) can be used as adjuncts. […] The correct diagnosis is required before helpful, noninvasive treatment modalities like diaphragmatic breathing can be used.

• #6 Rumination Syndrome: Symptoms and Causes – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination syndrome is a rare disorder that affects 1 in 125 people. At Unique Community Services, we provide tailored care for individuals with complex care needs. We understand the difficulty of rumination syndrome, and our compassionate clinicians work with individuals to overcome challenges and to bring independence and fulfilment to people’s lives. […] The symptoms of this condition can be immensely difficult for anyone experiencing them. Therefore, its crucial to provide unconditional support, compassion, and empathy towards individuals with rumination disorder. […] The treatment journey can be challenging to navigate for many individuals. Hence, its essential for individuals to feel supported and understood during these times. Additionally, its important for individuals who are experiencing the condition to understand that healing is a journey and that there is an end to it.

• #7 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #8 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=134&ContentID=82

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral disorder in which food is brought back up from the stomach. It’s either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. […] Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it. […] Rumination syndrome should be considered in anyone who vomits after eating, has regurgitation, and weight loss.

• #9 Rumination Syndrome

  https://childrenslibrary.ouhealth.com/YourFamily/Children/Concerns/134,82

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral disorder in which food is brought back up from the stomach. It’s either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. […] The food will be described as tasting normally. This means it is still undigested. It’s not acidic-tasting, like vomit. […] Rumination is a reflex, not a conscious action. […] This problem is a psychological disorder. It may be mistaken for vomiting or other digestive problems. […] Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it. […] Rumination syndrome should be considered in anyone who vomits after eating, has regurgitation, and weight loss.

• #10 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with recurrent regurgitation without associated retching or significant nausea. […] Behavioural therapies including diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback are effective treatments for rumination syndrome and have the largest evidence bases. […] Following treatment, most patients have large reductions in their frequency of regurgitation. […] Following a positive clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome, one of the most crucial aspects of treatment is an effective doctor-patient interaction. This should include a detailed explanation to educate the patient on the nature and pathophysiology of the condition with reassurance. […] Behavioural interventions have the greatest evidence base for the treatment of rumination syndrome. The two interventions most often used are diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback.

• #11 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  To diagnose rumination syndrome, a healthcare professional asks about current symptoms and takes a medical history. This first examination, combined with observing behavior, is often enough to diagnose rumination syndrome. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your rumination syndrome-related health concerns. […] Treatment for rumination syndrome takes place after ruling out other disorders and depends on age and cognitive ability. […] Habit-reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. […] Biofeedback is part of behavior therapy for rumination syndrome. […] For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant’s environment and behavior. […] Some people with rumination syndrome may benefit from treatment with medicine that helps relax the stomach after eating.

• #12 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with recurrent regurgitation without associated retching or significant nausea. […] Behavioural therapies including diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback are effective treatments for rumination syndrome and have the largest evidence bases. […] Following treatment, most patients have large reductions in their frequency of regurgitation. […] Following a positive clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome, one of the most crucial aspects of treatment is an effective doctor-patient interaction. This should include a detailed explanation to educate the patient on the nature and pathophysiology of the condition with reassurance. […] Behavioural interventions have the greatest evidence base for the treatment of rumination syndrome. The two interventions most often used are diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback.

• #13 ARFID & Rumination Syndrome – Nutrition with Naia

  https://nutritionwithnaia.com/feeding-disorders/

  Rumination Syndrome, also known as Rumination Disorder, is when food is regurgitated during or after eating. The food is either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. Regurgitation can happen spontaneously or voluntarily (often linked to anxiety/stress). Many people can feel the sensation that food is stuck in their throat or about to come up and can regurgitate intentionally, partially relieving the discomfort. At times, regurgitation can be a form of self-soothing, used to reduce anxiety even though it may cause feelings of guilt, shame, or hopelessness afterwards. […] Rumination Syndrome is often misdiagnosed, most commonly as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or if significant weight loss has occurred, anorexia nervosa. Due to misdiagnosis and the fact that RS is not widely known, the disorder often progresses and health may suffer as a consequence.

• #14 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Medications for rumination disorder can target multiple potential causal factors, including those to help the stomach accommodate the food, or empty, faster. […] Rumination treatment in children is easier than with adults. […] In the case of rumination disorder, it is necessary to rule out underlying gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux. Psychiatric evaluations can uncover other contributing factors, such as underlying depression or anxiety. Once the underlying cause of rumination is determined, rumination disorder prognosis is good. […] Complications such as aspiration, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma may be seen if there is a delay in diagnosing and treating the condition.

• #15 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Medications for rumination disorder can target multiple potential causal factors, including those to help the stomach accommodate the food, or empty, faster. […] Rumination treatment in children is easier than with adults. […] In the case of rumination disorder, it is necessary to rule out underlying gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux. Psychiatric evaluations can uncover other contributing factors, such as underlying depression or anxiety. Once the underlying cause of rumination is determined, rumination disorder prognosis is good. […] Complications such as aspiration, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma may be seen if there is a delay in diagnosing and treating the condition.

• #16 ARFID & Rumination Syndrome – Nutrition with Naia

  https://nutritionwithnaia.com/feeding-disorders/

  Shame is also a key component of rumination syndrome. Many people hide this behavior from their friends and family for fear of people thinking they are “gross” or that there is something “wrong” with them. I want to reassure you – […] There is nothing wrong with you. […] For whatever reason, your body learned to regurgitate food but that doesn’t mean you are broken. Every “disorder” has a purpose, the reason why it came into being. Disordered behaviors arise from the body attempting to cope with difficult life experiences. While the behavior may not be productive or healthy, it was the best you could do at the time with the resources you had. […] supporting: […] Rumination Syndrome/Disorder […] What to expect in a session? […] Compassionate treatment […] Meal planning support […] Grocery shopping assistance […] Nutrition education […] Debunking diet myths […] Exposure therapy to introduce new foods (if/when you’re ready) […] Individualized digestive healing protocols.

• #17 Rumination disorder | UKAT

  https://www.ukat.co.uk/eating-disorders/rumination-disorder/

  Rumination syndrome does not discriminate; it can affect individuals of any age, gender or background. […] Recognising the symptoms and signs of rumination disorder is a critical step towards seeking help and beginning the journey to recovery. […] Both the core and secondary rumination disorder symptoms can have profound impacts on your physical health, emotional well-being and quality of life. […] If you or someone you know is exhibiting these symptoms, it is essential to approach the situation with empathy and seek professional help. […] Healthcare providers must approach individuals with compassion and sensitivity throughout the rumination syndrome diagnostic process. […] Acknowledging the emotional and psychological aspects of the condition is essential in building trust and encouraging individuals to engage in rumination disorder treatment.

• #18 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  Rumination disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated regurgitation (bringing back up) and re-chewing of food. […] Furthermore, it delineates the critical role nursing plays in the care and management of patients with rumination disorder. […] Understanding these risk factors can offer invaluable insights for preventive methods, early detection, and the development of effective treatment strategies. […] Learning to identify the symptoms of rumination disorder offers crucial assistance in early diagnosis, thereby enabling effective treatment plans. […] Nursing interventions incline towards the practical aspects of patient-care in handling rumination disorder. […] Some key nurse-led interventions for rumination disorder include: Educate patients and families about rumination disorder: Nurses play a vital role in providing necessary information about the disorder, helping to dispel misconceptions, and promoting a better understanding.

• #19 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #20 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  Rumination disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated regurgitation (bringing back up) and re-chewing of food. […] Furthermore, it delineates the critical role nursing plays in the care and management of patients with rumination disorder. […] Understanding these risk factors can offer invaluable insights for preventive methods, early detection, and the development of effective treatment strategies. […] Learning to identify the symptoms of rumination disorder offers crucial assistance in early diagnosis, thereby enabling effective treatment plans. […] Nursing interventions incline towards the practical aspects of patient-care in handling rumination disorder. […] Some key nurse-led interventions for rumination disorder include: Educate patients and families about rumination disorder: Nurses play a vital role in providing necessary information about the disorder, helping to dispel misconceptions, and promoting a better understanding.

• #21 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with recurrent regurgitation without associated retching or significant nausea. […] Behavioural therapies including diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback are effective treatments for rumination syndrome and have the largest evidence bases. […] Following treatment, most patients have large reductions in their frequency of regurgitation. […] Following a positive clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome, one of the most crucial aspects of treatment is an effective doctor-patient interaction. This should include a detailed explanation to educate the patient on the nature and pathophysiology of the condition with reassurance. […] Behavioural interventions have the greatest evidence base for the treatment of rumination syndrome. The two interventions most often used are diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback.

• #22 20.7 Rumination Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-7-rumination-disorder

  Rumination syndrome is described as having a primary maintenance pathway and secondary mechanisms that maintain the disorder. […] Rumination syndrome is a treatable condition and is considered an acquired habit that can be reversed. […] The most effective treatments for rumination syndrome are behavioral therapies that include diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback. […] Families play an essential role in therapy for individuals with rumination disorders. […] Nurses have vital roles in managing clients with rumination disorder. […] Education on rumination syndrome should occur with the client and family. […] Clients should also be educated on behavioral techniques used to manage rumination syndrome, like diaphragmatic breathing.

• #23 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Medications for rumination disorder can target multiple potential causal factors, including those to help the stomach accommodate the food, or empty, faster. […] Rumination treatment in children is easier than with adults. […] In the case of rumination disorder, it is necessary to rule out underlying gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux. Psychiatric evaluations can uncover other contributing factors, such as underlying depression or anxiety. Once the underlying cause of rumination is determined, rumination disorder prognosis is good. […] Complications such as aspiration, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma may be seen if there is a delay in diagnosing and treating the condition.

• #24 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #25 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Diaphragmatic breathing can be taught at the bedside by clinicians, nurse specialists, speech and language therapists or behavioural therapists. […] When the response to diaphragmatic breathing is incomplete, more advanced behavioural therapy with biofeedback may be an effective tool for rumination syndrome. […] There are very few studies on effective medical therapy for rumination syndrome. Baclofen may however be a reasonable option as second-line management option following behavioural approaches. […] Limited evidence from case series suggests that in refractory cases, rumination syndrome can be treated with Nissens fundoplication in order to enhance the resting pressure of the LOS and to partially negate the intragastric propulsive force provided by contraction of anterior wall musculature by reducing concurrent LOS relaxation.

• #26 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Diaphragmatic breathing is a technique used to treat rumination disorder. By using diaphragmatic breathing exercises, the person uses a relaxation technique to inhale and exhale by expanding the abdomen instead of the chest. This type of breathing is incompatible with regurgitation of food, meaning a person can’t engage in rumination behaviors while practicing this breathing. […] Currently, the most effective treatment strategies in rumination disorder consist of behavioral therapy focusing on breathing and relaxation techniques. Breathing techniques use habit reversal to create a competing behavior (or a distraction) to reduce the regurgitation episodes. […] Rumination disorder strategies must include education for both the parents and child, rebonding of the parent and child, counseling, support groups, stress reduction and treating underlying psychopathologies like depression or anxiety.

• #27 Rumination Syndrome: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17981-rumination-syndrome

  The main treatment for rumination syndrome is behavioral therapy to stop regurgitation. […] The behavioral therapy that is usually prescribed for rumination syndrome is diaphragmatic breathing. […] Practice this exercise for 5 to 10 minutes, three to four times a day. […] Contact your doctor if you or your child have signs or symptoms of rumination syndrome, especially if you/or your child is regurgitating food on a regular basis.

• #28 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #29 Rumination Syndrome – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/rumination-syndrome/

  In the early stages after diagnosis, it is important that nutrition, oral intake and weight is monitored as well as hydration status. If there is evidence of weight loss or malnutrition, dehydration, support from a dietetics team and supplementation may be required until the condition is effectively treated. […] Best Practice Advice 4: Diaphragmatic breathing with or without biofeedback is the first-line therapy in all cases of rumination syndrome. […] It is also recommended to treat any psychological issues if present.

• #30 Rumination Syndrome – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/rumination-syndrome/

  In the early stages after diagnosis, it is important that nutrition, oral intake and weight is monitored as well as hydration status. If there is evidence of weight loss or malnutrition, dehydration, support from a dietetics team and supplementation may be required until the condition is effectively treated. […] Best Practice Advice 4: Diaphragmatic breathing with or without biofeedback is the first-line therapy in all cases of rumination syndrome. […] It is also recommended to treat any psychological issues if present.

• #31 Rumination Syndrome | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. […] The primary focus of treatment is behavioral therapy. […] Behavioral therapy for rumination includes instruction in diaphragmatic breathing, use of behavioral strategies to catch and respond to sensations that come before regurgitation, and exposure therapy techniques. […] The goal is to work with your child’s gastroenterologist and behavioral psychologist to end the pattern of rumination. […] Our treatment approach includes treating the trigger symptoms, such as nausea or bloating that can contribute to the increased frequency of rumination, as well as identifying and managing secondary problems that may contribute to rumination such as anxiety, stress and worry. […] We focus on behavioral treatment to undo the learned rumination „habit.” This treatment includes increasing awareness of what the abdominal muscles are doing, learning to keep the body relaxed during mealtimes, and retraining the stomach to tolerate meals again.

• #32 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination syndrome is characterized by the effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth followed usually by expulsion, though in some people, or under certain circumstances, it is followed by re-chewing and re-swallowing. […] The treatment of this condition involves behavioral modification. The current behavioral treatment for rumination syndrome consists of habit reversal using special breathing techniques (diaphragmatic breathing) to compete with the urge to regurgitate. […] In general, early intervention with behavioral treatment is recommended in order to reduce adverse consequences related to school absenteeism, weight loss, extensive diagnostic testing, and hospitalization in this population. […] The outcome for children and adolescents with rumination syndrome who undergo behavioral treatment is very good. The vast majority will have significant improvement of their symptoms, and many report complete resolution of symptoms following treatment.

• #33 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  The emotional support provided by nurses is as important as the physical care they deliver. […] In essence, the importance of nursing in managing rumination disorder can never be overstated. Nurses involvement is not just limited to executing medical protocols but extends into areas of emotional support and advocacy.

• #34 ARFID & Rumination Syndrome – Nutrition with Naia

  https://nutritionwithnaia.com/feeding-disorders/

  Rumination Syndrome, also known as Rumination Disorder, is when food is regurgitated during or after eating. The food is either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. Regurgitation can happen spontaneously or voluntarily (often linked to anxiety/stress). Many people can feel the sensation that food is stuck in their throat or about to come up and can regurgitate intentionally, partially relieving the discomfort. At times, regurgitation can be a form of self-soothing, used to reduce anxiety even though it may cause feelings of guilt, shame, or hopelessness afterwards. […] Rumination Syndrome is often misdiagnosed, most commonly as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or if significant weight loss has occurred, anorexia nervosa. Due to misdiagnosis and the fact that RS is not widely known, the disorder often progresses and health may suffer as a consequence.

• #35 ARFID & Rumination Syndrome – Nutrition with Naia

  https://nutritionwithnaia.com/feeding-disorders/

  Shame is also a key component of rumination syndrome. Many people hide this behavior from their friends and family for fear of people thinking they are “gross” or that there is something “wrong” with them. I want to reassure you – […] There is nothing wrong with you. […] For whatever reason, your body learned to regurgitate food but that doesn’t mean you are broken. Every “disorder” has a purpose, the reason why it came into being. Disordered behaviors arise from the body attempting to cope with difficult life experiences. While the behavior may not be productive or healthy, it was the best you could do at the time with the resources you had. […] supporting: […] Rumination Syndrome/Disorder […] What to expect in a session? […] Compassionate treatment […] Meal planning support […] Grocery shopping assistance […] Nutrition education […] Debunking diet myths […] Exposure therapy to introduce new foods (if/when you’re ready) […] Individualized digestive healing protocols.

• #36 Rumination Syndrome | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. […] The primary focus of treatment is behavioral therapy. […] Behavioral therapy for rumination includes instruction in diaphragmatic breathing, use of behavioral strategies to catch and respond to sensations that come before regurgitation, and exposure therapy techniques. […] The goal is to work with your child’s gastroenterologist and behavioral psychologist to end the pattern of rumination. […] Our treatment approach includes treating the trigger symptoms, such as nausea or bloating that can contribute to the increased frequency of rumination, as well as identifying and managing secondary problems that may contribute to rumination such as anxiety, stress and worry. […] We focus on behavioral treatment to undo the learned rumination „habit.” This treatment includes increasing awareness of what the abdominal muscles are doing, learning to keep the body relaxed during mealtimes, and retraining the stomach to tolerate meals again.

• #37 Rumination Syndrome – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/rumination-syndrome/

  In the early stages after diagnosis, it is important that nutrition, oral intake and weight is monitored as well as hydration status. If there is evidence of weight loss or malnutrition, dehydration, support from a dietetics team and supplementation may be required until the condition is effectively treated. […] Best Practice Advice 4: Diaphragmatic breathing with or without biofeedback is the first-line therapy in all cases of rumination syndrome. […] It is also recommended to treat any psychological issues if present.

• #38 Multidisciplinary Treatment Is Effective for Patients With Rumination Syndrome – Pediatrics Nationwide

  https://pediatricsnationwide.org/2023/03/27/multidisciplinary-treatment-for-rumination-syndrome-associates-with-high-rates-of-symptom-improvement/

  Tiered, multidisciplinary behavioral treatment is effective at improving symptoms of rumination syndrome (RS) among children and adolescents, even in the outpatient setting. […] The treatment for RS is primarily behavioral, typically under the guidance of a specialized GI psychologist. […] RS is a disorder that cannot be effectively treated by a GI doctor alone. It really requires a multidisciplinary team. Treatment of RS involves a GI doctor and a GI psychologist, and we oftentimes will involve one of our GI dieticians or more team members as well. I think [RS management] is a good example of how we can adapt, from a medical standpoint, to better serve the patient. It’s just a good example of the importance of multidisciplinary care.

• #39 Rumination Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies – Practical Gastro

  https://practicalgastro.com/2016/09/02/rumination-syndrome-an-update-on-diagnostic-and-treatment-strategies/

  Rumination syndrome (RS) can occur as a primary disorder or as a conditioned response in the setting of other vomiting disorders, particularly gastroparesis. This article will focus on the importance of history taking to diagnose rumination syndrome and review treatment strategies including breathing and relaxation skills. In addition, we emphasize a new approach, jejunostomy tube placement in patients with the most severe symptoms. […] A multidisciplinary team consisting of the gastroenterologist, nutritionist and mental health specialist is recommended to manage rumination syndrome. These different approaches address breathing techniques, relaxation, meditation, as well as pharmacologic approaches for inducing improvement and, over time, cessation of rumination. […] Nutritional support prevents the complications including dehydration, vitamin deficiencies and marked hypokalemia which may require frequent hospitalizations. In patients awaiting response to behavioral therapy, a temporary jejunostomy tube provides enteral nutrition while bypassing the stomach. This aggressive approach improves quality of life, allows patients to concentrate on breathing treatments, return to work and overall become more functional. The jejunostomy tube may be placed laparoscopically, endoscopically or by interventional radiology depending on the center. […] Physicians should also recognize the subset of patients in whom a feeding jejunostomy tube is necessary to maintain nutrition and electrolyte balance while the patient masters the breathing and relaxation approaches, slowly increase oral caloric intake and finally overcome the rumination reflex.

• #40 Rumination syndrome – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20377339

  Your Mayo Clinic care team. Mayo Clinic gastroenterologists work closely with psychiatrists and psychologists to treat people with rumination syndrome. Pediatricians are involved in the care of children with this condition. […] Effective treatment. The rumination syndrome treatment team at Mayo Clinic includes behavioral psychologists who teach breathing techniques that can prevent rumination. This treatment is generally effective for most people.

• #41 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #42 Rumination syndrome – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20377339

  Your Mayo Clinic care team. Mayo Clinic gastroenterologists work closely with psychiatrists and psychologists to treat people with rumination syndrome. Pediatricians are involved in the care of children with this condition. […] Effective treatment. The rumination syndrome treatment team at Mayo Clinic includes behavioral psychologists who teach breathing techniques that can prevent rumination. This treatment is generally effective for most people.

• #43 Rumination Disorder Clinic | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/gastroenterology/rumination-disorder-clinic/

  Childrens Mercy offers one of the nations only interdisciplinary programs for children and teens with rumination disorder, a gastrointestinal condition. […] Rumination disorder, sometimes called rumination syndrome, causes the backward flow of recently eaten food from the stomach to the mouth, where it is reswallowed or spit out. […] Our approach to treatment includes medical and behavioral health therapies to ensure that we are comprehensively addressing all possible causes of rumination for your child. Treatment options include: […] Thanks to behavioral modification, Bobbi has learned how to effectively manage her stress, and continue her active life as a junior at Holton High School.

• #44 Multidisciplinary Treatment Is Effective for Patients With Rumination Syndrome – Pediatrics Nationwide

  https://pediatricsnationwide.org/2023/03/27/multidisciplinary-treatment-for-rumination-syndrome-associates-with-high-rates-of-symptom-improvement/

  Tiered, multidisciplinary behavioral treatment is effective at improving symptoms of rumination syndrome (RS) among children and adolescents, even in the outpatient setting. […] The treatment for RS is primarily behavioral, typically under the guidance of a specialized GI psychologist. […] RS is a disorder that cannot be effectively treated by a GI doctor alone. It really requires a multidisciplinary team. Treatment of RS involves a GI doctor and a GI psychologist, and we oftentimes will involve one of our GI dieticians or more team members as well. I think [RS management] is a good example of how we can adapt, from a medical standpoint, to better serve the patient. It’s just a good example of the importance of multidisciplinary care.

• #45 Multidisciplinary Treatment Is Effective for Patients With Rumination Syndrome – Pediatrics Nationwide

  https://pediatricsnationwide.org/2023/03/27/multidisciplinary-treatment-for-rumination-syndrome-associates-with-high-rates-of-symptom-improvement/

  Tiered, multidisciplinary behavioral treatment is effective at improving symptoms of rumination syndrome (RS) among children and adolescents, even in the outpatient setting. […] The treatment for RS is primarily behavioral, typically under the guidance of a specialized GI psychologist. […] RS is a disorder that cannot be effectively treated by a GI doctor alone. It really requires a multidisciplinary team. Treatment of RS involves a GI doctor and a GI psychologist, and we oftentimes will involve one of our GI dieticians or more team members as well. I think [RS management] is a good example of how we can adapt, from a medical standpoint, to better serve the patient. It’s just a good example of the importance of multidisciplinary care.

• #46 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with recurrent regurgitation without associated retching or significant nausea. […] Behavioural therapies including diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback are effective treatments for rumination syndrome and have the largest evidence bases. […] Following treatment, most patients have large reductions in their frequency of regurgitation. […] Following a positive clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome, one of the most crucial aspects of treatment is an effective doctor-patient interaction. This should include a detailed explanation to educate the patient on the nature and pathophysiology of the condition with reassurance. […] Behavioural interventions have the greatest evidence base for the treatment of rumination syndrome. The two interventions most often used are diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback.

• #47 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Rumination disorder can be treated through behavior modification, habit reversal training and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. […] Treatment for rumination disorder depends on accurate diagnosis and finding the underlying cause of the disorder. It also encompasses managing symptoms and reducing complications that may arise as a result of regurgitating food, rechewing it and swallowing it again. Rumination disorder treatment is primarily psychosocial or psychodynamic and consists of non-punishing behavioral strategies. […] According to the Nationwide Childrens Hospital, the goals for treating rumination disorder are: Education, Treating the trigger symptoms, Treating symptoms such as nausea or bloating, Undoing newly learned habits, Learning new behaviors for abdominal muscles, Retraining the stomach to hold food again, Teaching self-regulation, Identifying and addressing other problems like depression, anxiety and stress.

• #48 Rumination Syndrome | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. […] The primary focus of treatment is behavioral therapy. […] Behavioral therapy for rumination includes instruction in diaphragmatic breathing, use of behavioral strategies to catch and respond to sensations that come before regurgitation, and exposure therapy techniques. […] The goal is to work with your child’s gastroenterologist and behavioral psychologist to end the pattern of rumination. […] Our treatment approach includes treating the trigger symptoms, such as nausea or bloating that can contribute to the increased frequency of rumination, as well as identifying and managing secondary problems that may contribute to rumination such as anxiety, stress and worry. […] We focus on behavioral treatment to undo the learned rumination „habit.” This treatment includes increasing awareness of what the abdominal muscles are doing, learning to keep the body relaxed during mealtimes, and retraining the stomach to tolerate meals again.

• #49 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Rumination disorder can be treated through behavior modification, habit reversal training and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. […] Treatment for rumination disorder depends on accurate diagnosis and finding the underlying cause of the disorder. It also encompasses managing symptoms and reducing complications that may arise as a result of regurgitating food, rechewing it and swallowing it again. Rumination disorder treatment is primarily psychosocial or psychodynamic and consists of non-punishing behavioral strategies. […] According to the Nationwide Childrens Hospital, the goals for treating rumination disorder are: Education, Treating the trigger symptoms, Treating symptoms such as nausea or bloating, Undoing newly learned habits, Learning new behaviors for abdominal muscles, Retraining the stomach to hold food again, Teaching self-regulation, Identifying and addressing other problems like depression, anxiety and stress.

• #50 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Rumination disorder can be treated through behavior modification, habit reversal training and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. […] Treatment for rumination disorder depends on accurate diagnosis and finding the underlying cause of the disorder. It also encompasses managing symptoms and reducing complications that may arise as a result of regurgitating food, rechewing it and swallowing it again. Rumination disorder treatment is primarily psychosocial or psychodynamic and consists of non-punishing behavioral strategies. […] According to the Nationwide Childrens Hospital, the goals for treating rumination disorder are: Education, Treating the trigger symptoms, Treating symptoms such as nausea or bloating, Undoing newly learned habits, Learning new behaviors for abdominal muscles, Retraining the stomach to hold food again, Teaching self-regulation, Identifying and addressing other problems like depression, anxiety and stress.

• #51 Treatment Options For Rumination Disorder: Medications, Therapies, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/rumination-disorder/treatment/

  Rumination disorder can be treated through behavior modification, habit reversal training and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. […] Treatment for rumination disorder depends on accurate diagnosis and finding the underlying cause of the disorder. It also encompasses managing symptoms and reducing complications that may arise as a result of regurgitating food, rechewing it and swallowing it again. Rumination disorder treatment is primarily psychosocial or psychodynamic and consists of non-punishing behavioral strategies. […] According to the Nationwide Childrens Hospital, the goals for treating rumination disorder are: Education, Treating the trigger symptoms, Treating symptoms such as nausea or bloating, Undoing newly learned habits, Learning new behaviors for abdominal muscles, Retraining the stomach to hold food again, Teaching self-regulation, Identifying and addressing other problems like depression, anxiety and stress.

• #52 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination syndrome is characterized by the effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth followed usually by expulsion, though in some people, or under certain circumstances, it is followed by re-chewing and re-swallowing. […] The treatment of this condition involves behavioral modification. The current behavioral treatment for rumination syndrome consists of habit reversal using special breathing techniques (diaphragmatic breathing) to compete with the urge to regurgitate. […] In general, early intervention with behavioral treatment is recommended in order to reduce adverse consequences related to school absenteeism, weight loss, extensive diagnostic testing, and hospitalization in this population. […] The outcome for children and adolescents with rumination syndrome who undergo behavioral treatment is very good. The vast majority will have significant improvement of their symptoms, and many report complete resolution of symptoms following treatment.

• #53 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome should be considered in any patient who presents with recurrent regurgitation without associated retching or significant nausea. […] Behavioural therapies including diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback are effective treatments for rumination syndrome and have the largest evidence bases. […] Following treatment, most patients have large reductions in their frequency of regurgitation. […] Following a positive clinical diagnosis of rumination syndrome, one of the most crucial aspects of treatment is an effective doctor-patient interaction. This should include a detailed explanation to educate the patient on the nature and pathophysiology of the condition with reassurance. […] Behavioural interventions have the greatest evidence base for the treatment of rumination syndrome. The two interventions most often used are diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback.

• #54 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #55 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #56 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #57 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Rumination syndrome | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377320

  Biofeedback is part of behavior therapy for rumination syndrome. During biofeedback, imaging can help you or your child learn diaphragmatic breathing skills to counteract regurgitation. […] For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant’s environment and behavior. […] Some people with rumination syndrome may benefit from treatment with medicine that helps relax the stomach after eating. […] If frequent rumination is damaging the esophagus, proton pump inhibitors such as esomeprazole (Nexium) or omeprazole (Prilosec) may be prescribed. These medicines can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation.

• #58 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Diaphragmatic breathing can be taught at the bedside by clinicians, nurse specialists, speech and language therapists or behavioural therapists. […] When the response to diaphragmatic breathing is incomplete, more advanced behavioural therapy with biofeedback may be an effective tool for rumination syndrome. […] There are very few studies on effective medical therapy for rumination syndrome. Baclofen may however be a reasonable option as second-line management option following behavioural approaches. […] Limited evidence from case series suggests that in refractory cases, rumination syndrome can be treated with Nissens fundoplication in order to enhance the resting pressure of the LOS and to partially negate the intragastric propulsive force provided by contraction of anterior wall musculature by reducing concurrent LOS relaxation.

• #59 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Rumination syndrome | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377320

  Rumination syndrome is a condition in which someone repeatedly regurgitates undigested or partially digested food from the stomach. The regurgitated food is then chewed again and swallowed or spit out. People with rumination syndrome don’t try to regurgitate food. It happens without any effort. […] Treatment may include behavioral therapy or medicine. Behavioral therapy typically involves teaching people to breathe from the diaphragm. […] Treatment for rumination syndrome takes place after ruling out other disorders and depends on age and cognitive ability. […] Habit-reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. First, you learn to recognize when rumination happens. When rumination starts, you use the abdominal muscles to breathe in and out. This technique is called diaphragmatic breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing prevents abdominal contractions and regurgitation.

• #60 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210318/Rumination-syndrome-often-confused-with-other-gastrointestinal-conditions.aspx

  Patients who regurgitate regularly but without any known cause may have a condition called rumination. […] Rumination syndrome is a behavioral problem, in which patients effortlessly and repeatedly regurgitate food into their mouths while eating and sitting upright. […] The treatment for rumination is behavioral and involves the practice of diaphragmatic, or deep, breathing. Two pilot trials have shown that this significantly improves gastroesophageal reflux. Comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination syndrome (CBT-RS) is also recommended. CBT is an increasingly popular type of behavior therapy that helps people re-orient their thinking, teaching them new thought processes to replace old patterns that lead to self-harm and other poor outcomes.

• #61 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210318/Rumination-syndrome-often-confused-with-other-gastrointestinal-conditions.aspx

  Patients who regurgitate regularly but without any known cause may have a condition called rumination. […] Rumination syndrome is a behavioral problem, in which patients effortlessly and repeatedly regurgitate food into their mouths while eating and sitting upright. […] The treatment for rumination is behavioral and involves the practice of diaphragmatic, or deep, breathing. Two pilot trials have shown that this significantly improves gastroesophageal reflux. Comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination syndrome (CBT-RS) is also recommended. CBT is an increasingly popular type of behavior therapy that helps people re-orient their thinking, teaching them new thought processes to replace old patterns that lead to self-harm and other poor outcomes.

• #62 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #63 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #64 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  Rumination disorder, also known as rumination syndrome, is a rare and chronic condition. It affects infants, children, and adults. […] Treatment for rumination disorder is the same in both children and adults. Treatment focuses on changing the learned behavior responsible for regurgitation. Different approaches may be used. Your doctor will tailor the approach based on your age and abilities. […] The simplest and most effective treatment for rumination disorder in children and adults is diaphragmatic breathing training. It involves learning how to breathe deeply and relax the diaphragm. Regurgitation cannot occur when the diaphragm is relaxed. […] Apply diaphragmatic breathing techniques during and right after meals. Eventually, rumination disorder should disappear. […] Other treatments for rumination disorder can include changes in posture, both during and right after a meal, removing distractions during meal times, reducing stress and distractions during meal times, and psychotherapy.

• #65 Rumination Syndrome | Gastroenterology | Connecticut Children’s

  https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/gastroenterology/conditions/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a disorder associated with regurgitation, or backward flow, of undigested food and drink back into the mouth shortly after eating without any effort. […] Treatment of rumination syndrome is generally focused on changing this abnormal increased sensation. […] To accomplish this, your health care team may suggest the following approaches for treating your childs rumination syndrome: Behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Removing distractions during meals, Creating a relaxed environment during meals, Medications to help block the food from coming back up.

• #66 Rumination Disorder: Treatment in Children vs. Adults, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rumination-disorder

  There is currently no medication available for rumination disorder. […] Diagnosing rumination disorder can be a difficult and lengthy process. Once a diagnosis has been made, the outlook is excellent. Treatment for rumination disorder is effective in the majority of people. In some cases, rumination disorder even goes away on its own.

• #67 What Is Rumination Disorder?  – National Alliance for Eating Disorders

  https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/what-is-rumination-disorder/

  Rumination disorder affects people of all ages and genders. […] Understanding these intricate physiological responses can help both individuals living with rumination disorder and the healthcare professionals providing care. […] Addressing rumination disorder involves a multidimensional approach as there are currently no medications specifically tailored for its treatment. […] By diligently addressing the underlying miscommunication between the brain and the gut, these treatments empower individuals to navigate the challenging journey of overcoming rumination disorder.

• #68 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  To diagnose rumination syndrome, a healthcare professional asks about current symptoms and takes a medical history. This first examination, combined with observing behavior, is often enough to diagnose rumination syndrome. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your rumination syndrome-related health concerns. […] Treatment for rumination syndrome takes place after ruling out other disorders and depends on age and cognitive ability. […] Habit-reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. […] Biofeedback is part of behavior therapy for rumination syndrome. […] For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant’s environment and behavior. […] Some people with rumination syndrome may benefit from treatment with medicine that helps relax the stomach after eating.

• #69 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Diaphragmatic breathing can be taught at the bedside by clinicians, nurse specialists, speech and language therapists or behavioural therapists. […] When the response to diaphragmatic breathing is incomplete, more advanced behavioural therapy with biofeedback may be an effective tool for rumination syndrome. […] There are very few studies on effective medical therapy for rumination syndrome. Baclofen may however be a reasonable option as second-line management option following behavioural approaches. […] Limited evidence from case series suggests that in refractory cases, rumination syndrome can be treated with Nissens fundoplication in order to enhance the resting pressure of the LOS and to partially negate the intragastric propulsive force provided by contraction of anterior wall musculature by reducing concurrent LOS relaxation.

• #70 Treatment options for rumination syndrome: A systematic review

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v7/i6/297.htm

  Rumination syndrome (RS) is characterized by recurrent effortless postprandial regurgitation of recently ingested food from the stomach to the oral cavity and has been associated with quality of life impairment and malnutrition. […] There is a general lack of consensus on the most appropriate treatment options for RS. […] The strongest evidence points towards the use of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and Baclofen, and both should be considered depending on their availabilities. […] Our results show that diaphragmatic breathing has the strongest data for efficacy in this condition. […] Although evidence for treatment options is still limited, the strongest evidence points towards the use of DB and Baclofen, and both should be considered depending on their availabilities. […] The studies with the strongest evidence were the 2 RCTs looking at EMG-guided biofeedback and Baclofen.

• #71 Treatment options for rumination syndrome: A systematic review

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v7/i6/297.htm

  Rumination syndrome (RS) is characterized by recurrent effortless postprandial regurgitation of recently ingested food from the stomach to the oral cavity and has been associated with quality of life impairment and malnutrition. […] There is a general lack of consensus on the most appropriate treatment options for RS. […] The strongest evidence points towards the use of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and Baclofen, and both should be considered depending on their availabilities. […] Our results show that diaphragmatic breathing has the strongest data for efficacy in this condition. […] Although evidence for treatment options is still limited, the strongest evidence points towards the use of DB and Baclofen, and both should be considered depending on their availabilities. […] The studies with the strongest evidence were the 2 RCTs looking at EMG-guided biofeedback and Baclofen.

• #72 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  If frequent rumination is damaging the esophagus, proton pump inhibitors such as esomeprazole (Nexium) or omeprazole (Prilosec) may be prescribed. These medicines can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation. […] Chewing gum may help ease some rumination syndrome symptoms for some people.

• #73 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  If frequent rumination is damaging the esophagus, proton pump inhibitors such as esomeprazole (Nexium) or omeprazole (Prilosec) may be prescribed. These medicines can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation. […] Chewing gum may help ease some rumination syndrome symptoms for some people.

• #74 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  If frequent rumination is damaging the esophagus, proton pump inhibitors such as esomeprazole (Nexium) or omeprazole (Prilosec) may be prescribed. These medicines can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation. […] Chewing gum may help ease some rumination syndrome symptoms for some people.

• #75 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  Rumination syndrome can be present in both children and adults and can significantly affect their quality of life. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and improving care for patients with this condition. […] The initial management of patients with rumination syndrome consists of education regarding the disease process, reassurance, and behavioral modifications to reduce the episodes of regurgitation. […] Diaphragmatic breathing is the first-line treatment for rumination syndrome. […] Referral to a behavioral therapist for augmentation strategies (general relaxation and gum chewing) and cognitive behavioral therapy for rumination disorder (CBT-RD) can be used as adjuncts. […] The correct diagnosis is required before helpful, noninvasive treatment modalities like diaphragmatic breathing can be used.

• #76 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  In rare cases, children with severe symptoms and associated weight loss require supplemental nutritional support through a tube placed in the stomach or by vein. However, after rumination syndrome is diagnosed and behavioral treatment is initiated, such measures are almost never required. […] The diagnosis of rumination syndrome is based upon clinical features, and extensive diagnostic testing is unnecessary. Early behavioral therapy is advocated, and outcomes are generally favorable.

• #77 Rumination Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies – Practical Gastro

  https://practicalgastro.com/2016/09/02/rumination-syndrome-an-update-on-diagnostic-and-treatment-strategies/

  Rumination syndrome (RS) can occur as a primary disorder or as a conditioned response in the setting of other vomiting disorders, particularly gastroparesis. This article will focus on the importance of history taking to diagnose rumination syndrome and review treatment strategies including breathing and relaxation skills. In addition, we emphasize a new approach, jejunostomy tube placement in patients with the most severe symptoms. […] A multidisciplinary team consisting of the gastroenterologist, nutritionist and mental health specialist is recommended to manage rumination syndrome. These different approaches address breathing techniques, relaxation, meditation, as well as pharmacologic approaches for inducing improvement and, over time, cessation of rumination. […] Nutritional support prevents the complications including dehydration, vitamin deficiencies and marked hypokalemia which may require frequent hospitalizations. In patients awaiting response to behavioral therapy, a temporary jejunostomy tube provides enteral nutrition while bypassing the stomach. This aggressive approach improves quality of life, allows patients to concentrate on breathing treatments, return to work and overall become more functional. The jejunostomy tube may be placed laparoscopically, endoscopically or by interventional radiology depending on the center. […] Physicians should also recognize the subset of patients in whom a feeding jejunostomy tube is necessary to maintain nutrition and electrolyte balance while the patient masters the breathing and relaxation approaches, slowly increase oral caloric intake and finally overcome the rumination reflex.

• #78 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  In rare cases, children with severe symptoms and associated weight loss require supplemental nutritional support through a tube placed in the stomach or by vein. However, after rumination syndrome is diagnosed and behavioral treatment is initiated, such measures are almost never required. […] The diagnosis of rumination syndrome is based upon clinical features, and extensive diagnostic testing is unnecessary. Early behavioral therapy is advocated, and outcomes are generally favorable.

• #79 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  In rare cases, children with severe symptoms and associated weight loss require supplemental nutritional support through a tube placed in the stomach or by vein. However, after rumination syndrome is diagnosed and behavioral treatment is initiated, such measures are almost never required. […] The diagnosis of rumination syndrome is based upon clinical features, and extensive diagnostic testing is unnecessary. Early behavioral therapy is advocated, and outcomes are generally favorable.

• #80 Rumination Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies – Practical Gastro

  https://practicalgastro.com/2016/09/02/rumination-syndrome-an-update-on-diagnostic-and-treatment-strategies/

  Rumination syndrome (RS) can occur as a primary disorder or as a conditioned response in the setting of other vomiting disorders, particularly gastroparesis. This article will focus on the importance of history taking to diagnose rumination syndrome and review treatment strategies including breathing and relaxation skills. In addition, we emphasize a new approach, jejunostomy tube placement in patients with the most severe symptoms. […] A multidisciplinary team consisting of the gastroenterologist, nutritionist and mental health specialist is recommended to manage rumination syndrome. These different approaches address breathing techniques, relaxation, meditation, as well as pharmacologic approaches for inducing improvement and, over time, cessation of rumination. […] Nutritional support prevents the complications including dehydration, vitamin deficiencies and marked hypokalemia which may require frequent hospitalizations. In patients awaiting response to behavioral therapy, a temporary jejunostomy tube provides enteral nutrition while bypassing the stomach. This aggressive approach improves quality of life, allows patients to concentrate on breathing treatments, return to work and overall become more functional. The jejunostomy tube may be placed laparoscopically, endoscopically or by interventional radiology depending on the center. […] Physicians should also recognize the subset of patients in whom a feeding jejunostomy tube is necessary to maintain nutrition and electrolyte balance while the patient masters the breathing and relaxation approaches, slowly increase oral caloric intake and finally overcome the rumination reflex.

• #81 Rumination Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies – Practical Gastro

  https://practicalgastro.com/2016/09/02/rumination-syndrome-an-update-on-diagnostic-and-treatment-strategies/

  Rumination syndrome (RS) can occur as a primary disorder or as a conditioned response in the setting of other vomiting disorders, particularly gastroparesis. This article will focus on the importance of history taking to diagnose rumination syndrome and review treatment strategies including breathing and relaxation skills. In addition, we emphasize a new approach, jejunostomy tube placement in patients with the most severe symptoms. […] A multidisciplinary team consisting of the gastroenterologist, nutritionist and mental health specialist is recommended to manage rumination syndrome. These different approaches address breathing techniques, relaxation, meditation, as well as pharmacologic approaches for inducing improvement and, over time, cessation of rumination. […] Nutritional support prevents the complications including dehydration, vitamin deficiencies and marked hypokalemia which may require frequent hospitalizations. In patients awaiting response to behavioral therapy, a temporary jejunostomy tube provides enteral nutrition while bypassing the stomach. This aggressive approach improves quality of life, allows patients to concentrate on breathing treatments, return to work and overall become more functional. The jejunostomy tube may be placed laparoscopically, endoscopically or by interventional radiology depending on the center. […] Physicians should also recognize the subset of patients in whom a feeding jejunostomy tube is necessary to maintain nutrition and electrolyte balance while the patient masters the breathing and relaxation approaches, slowly increase oral caloric intake and finally overcome the rumination reflex.

• #82 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #83 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #84 Rumination Syndrome – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination Disorder is an Eating Disorder that is usually seen in Children and Adolescents. […] Rumination Syndrome is a condition where children and young people unintentionally vomit or regurgitate food very soon after eating. It is closely linked to high levels of anxiety in children and adolescents. […] Young people should always be evaluated by a specialist team. Physical complications should be assessed and ruled out by gastroenterologists. […] Anxiety is very often linked to Rumination Disorder and early intervention is important. Rumination disorder and the anxiety that is represented is unlikely to go away on its own. […] Diaphragmatic breathing and psychotherapy, with or without medication are useful in the treatment of Adolescent and Childhood Rumination Disorders. […] Signs and symptoms of Rumination in teens may include: Regurgitation of food, usually within minutes or whilst at the table, Abdominal Pain, Feeling over full, Bad breath, Feeling sick or nausea, Weight loss, Vomiting without retching, Avoiding eating with family and friends, Malnutrition, Crossing percentiles on weight graphs, Hunger, Irritability and anger at mealtimes, Unusual posture. Head tilted backwards and cat like position at mealtimes.

• #85 Rumination Syndrome – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination Disorder is an Eating Disorder that is usually seen in Children and Adolescents. […] Rumination Syndrome is a condition where children and young people unintentionally vomit or regurgitate food very soon after eating. It is closely linked to high levels of anxiety in children and adolescents. […] Young people should always be evaluated by a specialist team. Physical complications should be assessed and ruled out by gastroenterologists. […] Anxiety is very often linked to Rumination Disorder and early intervention is important. Rumination disorder and the anxiety that is represented is unlikely to go away on its own. […] Diaphragmatic breathing and psychotherapy, with or without medication are useful in the treatment of Adolescent and Childhood Rumination Disorders. […] Signs and symptoms of Rumination in teens may include: Regurgitation of food, usually within minutes or whilst at the table, Abdominal Pain, Feeling over full, Bad breath, Feeling sick or nausea, Weight loss, Vomiting without retching, Avoiding eating with family and friends, Malnutrition, Crossing percentiles on weight graphs, Hunger, Irritability and anger at mealtimes, Unusual posture. Head tilted backwards and cat like position at mealtimes.

• #86 20.7 Rumination Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-7-rumination-disorder

  Rumination syndrome is described as having a primary maintenance pathway and secondary mechanisms that maintain the disorder. […] Rumination syndrome is a treatable condition and is considered an acquired habit that can be reversed. […] The most effective treatments for rumination syndrome are behavioral therapies that include diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback. […] Families play an essential role in therapy for individuals with rumination disorders. […] Nurses have vital roles in managing clients with rumination disorder. […] Education on rumination syndrome should occur with the client and family. […] Clients should also be educated on behavioral techniques used to manage rumination syndrome, like diaphragmatic breathing.

• #87 20.7 Rumination Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-7-rumination-disorder

  Rumination syndrome is described as having a primary maintenance pathway and secondary mechanisms that maintain the disorder. […] Rumination syndrome is a treatable condition and is considered an acquired habit that can be reversed. […] The most effective treatments for rumination syndrome are behavioral therapies that include diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback. […] Families play an essential role in therapy for individuals with rumination disorders. […] Nurses have vital roles in managing clients with rumination disorder. […] Education on rumination syndrome should occur with the client and family. […] Clients should also be educated on behavioral techniques used to manage rumination syndrome, like diaphragmatic breathing.

• #88 20.7 Rumination Disorder – Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing | OpenStax

  https://openstax.org/books/psychiatric-mental-health/pages/20-7-rumination-disorder

  Rumination syndrome is described as having a primary maintenance pathway and secondary mechanisms that maintain the disorder. […] Rumination syndrome is a treatable condition and is considered an acquired habit that can be reversed. […] The most effective treatments for rumination syndrome are behavioral therapies that include diaphragmatic breathing and biofeedback. […] Families play an essential role in therapy for individuals with rumination disorders. […] Nurses have vital roles in managing clients with rumination disorder. […] Education on rumination syndrome should occur with the client and family. […] Clients should also be educated on behavioral techniques used to manage rumination syndrome, like diaphragmatic breathing.

• #89 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #90 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Rumination syndrome | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377320

  Biofeedback is part of behavior therapy for rumination syndrome. During biofeedback, imaging can help you or your child learn diaphragmatic breathing skills to counteract regurgitation. […] For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant’s environment and behavior. […] Some people with rumination syndrome may benefit from treatment with medicine that helps relax the stomach after eating. […] If frequent rumination is damaging the esophagus, proton pump inhibitors such as esomeprazole (Nexium) or omeprazole (Prilosec) may be prescribed. These medicines can protect the lining of the esophagus until behavior therapy reduces the frequency and severity of regurgitation.

• #91 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/rumination-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Living with rumination disorder can seriously impact a young persons life, affecting their health and ability to form friendships with others. […] Rumination disorder can seriously affect a young persons daily life and may lead to weight loss, malnutrition, and social isolation. […] Any young person living with an eating disorder requires immediate care and attention. […] Rumination disorder can cause severe damage to a young persons physical health and prevent them from growing and developing healthily. It can also cause interpersonal difficulties, affecting how they socialise and build relationships. However, with effective treatment, young people can learn to manage symptoms and live a healthy and inspired life. […] Taking your child to a mental health expert that specialises in eating disorders among young people is the best way to receive a quick and accurate diagnosis that paves the way for effective treatment.

• #92 Rumination syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377333

  To diagnose rumination syndrome, a healthcare professional asks about current symptoms and takes a medical history. This first examination, combined with observing behavior, is often enough to diagnose rumination syndrome. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your rumination syndrome-related health concerns. […] Treatment for rumination syndrome takes place after ruling out other disorders and depends on age and cognitive ability. […] Habit-reversal behavior therapy is used to treat people without developmental disabilities who have rumination syndrome. […] Biofeedback is part of behavior therapy for rumination syndrome. […] For infants, treatment usually focuses on working with parents or caregivers to change the infant’s environment and behavior. […] Some people with rumination syndrome may benefit from treatment with medicine that helps relax the stomach after eating.

• #93 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #94 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #95 Rumination Syndrome – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination Disorder is an Eating Disorder that is usually seen in Children and Adolescents. […] Rumination Syndrome is a condition where children and young people unintentionally vomit or regurgitate food very soon after eating. It is closely linked to high levels of anxiety in children and adolescents. […] Young people should always be evaluated by a specialist team. Physical complications should be assessed and ruled out by gastroenterologists. […] Anxiety is very often linked to Rumination Disorder and early intervention is important. Rumination disorder and the anxiety that is represented is unlikely to go away on its own. […] Diaphragmatic breathing and psychotherapy, with or without medication are useful in the treatment of Adolescent and Childhood Rumination Disorders. […] Signs and symptoms of Rumination in teens may include: Regurgitation of food, usually within minutes or whilst at the table, Abdominal Pain, Feeling over full, Bad breath, Feeling sick or nausea, Weight loss, Vomiting without retching, Avoiding eating with family and friends, Malnutrition, Crossing percentiles on weight graphs, Hunger, Irritability and anger at mealtimes, Unusual posture. Head tilted backwards and cat like position at mealtimes.

• #96 Rumination syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of a not so uncommon disorder | Anales de Pediatría

  https://analesdepediatria.org/en-rumination-syndrome-diagnostic-therapeutic-difficulties-articulo-S234128791730220X

  The use of biofeedback for treatment of rumination consists in monitoring abdominothoracic muscular activity by means of electromyography and training the patient to relax abdominal and intercostal muscles to prevent further episodes in the course of 3 sessions. […] At present, research is being conducted on the experimental use of electromyography-guided control of abdominal muscles in patients with rumination.

• #97 Rumination Syndrome | Gastroenterology | Connecticut Children’s

  https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/gastroenterology/conditions/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a disorder associated with regurgitation, or backward flow, of undigested food and drink back into the mouth shortly after eating without any effort. […] Treatment of rumination syndrome is generally focused on changing this abnormal increased sensation. […] To accomplish this, your health care team may suggest the following approaches for treating your childs rumination syndrome: Behavioral therapy, Biofeedback, Removing distractions during meals, Creating a relaxed environment during meals, Medications to help block the food from coming back up.

• #98 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #99 Rumination Syndrome – Kidshealth | Akron Children’s

  https://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/rumination-syndrome.html

  Rumination syndrome happens when just-swallowed food comes back up into the mouth from the stomach. […] Most young children with rumination syndrome outgrow it. In kids ages 10 and older, though, the condition can last longer and be tougher to manage. […] Rumination syndrome can lead to problems from poor nutrition. Kids may not get enough vitamins, minerals, and protein. They may not grow well or could become dehydrated (have too little water in the body). […] Treatment for rumination syndrome includes teaching kids the right way to eat food and let it digest. They learn how to notice when their belly gets tight and relax the muscles to help prevent food from coming back up. […] If rumination syndrome causes your child to lose weight or not grow properly, your doctor may suggest diet changes. Sometimes kids need enteral (EN-tur-ul) nutrition therapy, which consists of special drinks with vitamins and other nutrients kids need to grow.

• #100 Multidisciplinary Treatment Is Effective for Patients With Rumination Syndrome – Pediatrics Nationwide

  https://pediatricsnationwide.org/2023/03/27/multidisciplinary-treatment-for-rumination-syndrome-associates-with-high-rates-of-symptom-improvement/

  Tiered, multidisciplinary behavioral treatment is effective at improving symptoms of rumination syndrome (RS) among children and adolescents, even in the outpatient setting. […] The treatment for RS is primarily behavioral, typically under the guidance of a specialized GI psychologist. […] RS is a disorder that cannot be effectively treated by a GI doctor alone. It really requires a multidisciplinary team. Treatment of RS involves a GI doctor and a GI psychologist, and we oftentimes will involve one of our GI dieticians or more team members as well. I think [RS management] is a good example of how we can adapt, from a medical standpoint, to better serve the patient. It’s just a good example of the importance of multidisciplinary care.

• #101 Rumination Disorder Clinic | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/gastroenterology/rumination-disorder-clinic/

  Childrens Mercy offers one of the nations only interdisciplinary programs for children and teens with rumination disorder, a gastrointestinal condition. […] Rumination disorder, sometimes called rumination syndrome, causes the backward flow of recently eaten food from the stomach to the mouth, where it is reswallowed or spit out. […] Our approach to treatment includes medical and behavioral health therapies to ensure that we are comprehensively addressing all possible causes of rumination for your child. Treatment options include: […] Thanks to behavioral modification, Bobbi has learned how to effectively manage her stress, and continue her active life as a junior at Holton High School.

• #102 Rumination Disorder Clinic | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/gastroenterology/rumination-disorder-clinic/

  Childrens Mercy offers one of the nations only interdisciplinary programs for children and teens with rumination disorder, a gastrointestinal condition. […] Rumination disorder, sometimes called rumination syndrome, causes the backward flow of recently eaten food from the stomach to the mouth, where it is reswallowed or spit out. […] Our approach to treatment includes medical and behavioral health therapies to ensure that we are comprehensively addressing all possible causes of rumination for your child. Treatment options include: […] Thanks to behavioral modification, Bobbi has learned how to effectively manage her stress, and continue her active life as a junior at Holton High School.

• #103 Rumination Syndrome | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a condition where people regurgitate and either vomit or re-swallow their food or drink soon after eating. […] Our Rumination Syndrome Program expertly cares for children with this condition. […] The Rumination Syndrome Program at Nationwide Children’s was developed based on the components of treatment listed above, and designed specifically to help patients suffering from rumination syndrome.

• #104 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination syndrome is characterized by the effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth followed usually by expulsion, though in some people, or under certain circumstances, it is followed by re-chewing and re-swallowing. […] The treatment of this condition involves behavioral modification. The current behavioral treatment for rumination syndrome consists of habit reversal using special breathing techniques (diaphragmatic breathing) to compete with the urge to regurgitate. […] In general, early intervention with behavioral treatment is recommended in order to reduce adverse consequences related to school absenteeism, weight loss, extensive diagnostic testing, and hospitalization in this population. […] The outcome for children and adolescents with rumination syndrome who undergo behavioral treatment is very good. The vast majority will have significant improvement of their symptoms, and many report complete resolution of symptoms following treatment.

• #105 Rumination Syndrome – About Kids GI

  https://aboutkidsgi.org/upper-gi/rumination-syndrome/

  Rumination syndrome is characterized by the effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth followed usually by expulsion, though in some people, or under certain circumstances, it is followed by re-chewing and re-swallowing. […] The treatment of this condition involves behavioral modification. The current behavioral treatment for rumination syndrome consists of habit reversal using special breathing techniques (diaphragmatic breathing) to compete with the urge to regurgitate. […] In general, early intervention with behavioral treatment is recommended in order to reduce adverse consequences related to school absenteeism, weight loss, extensive diagnostic testing, and hospitalization in this population. […] The outcome for children and adolescents with rumination syndrome who undergo behavioral treatment is very good. The vast majority will have significant improvement of their symptoms, and many report complete resolution of symptoms following treatment.

• #106 Rumination Disorder Clinic | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/gastroenterology/rumination-disorder-clinic/

  Childrens Mercy offers one of the nations only interdisciplinary programs for children and teens with rumination disorder, a gastrointestinal condition. […] Rumination disorder, sometimes called rumination syndrome, causes the backward flow of recently eaten food from the stomach to the mouth, where it is reswallowed or spit out. […] Our approach to treatment includes medical and behavioral health therapies to ensure that we are comprehensively addressing all possible causes of rumination for your child. Treatment options include: […] Thanks to behavioral modification, Bobbi has learned how to effectively manage her stress, and continue her active life as a junior at Holton High School.

• #107 Rumination Syndrome | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/rumination-syndrome

  Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. […] The primary focus of treatment is behavioral therapy. […] Behavioral therapy for rumination includes instruction in diaphragmatic breathing, use of behavioral strategies to catch and respond to sensations that come before regurgitation, and exposure therapy techniques. […] The goal is to work with your child’s gastroenterologist and behavioral psychologist to end the pattern of rumination. […] Our treatment approach includes treating the trigger symptoms, such as nausea or bloating that can contribute to the increased frequency of rumination, as well as identifying and managing secondary problems that may contribute to rumination such as anxiety, stress and worry. […] We focus on behavioral treatment to undo the learned rumination „habit.” This treatment includes increasing awareness of what the abdominal muscles are doing, learning to keep the body relaxed during mealtimes, and retraining the stomach to tolerate meals again.

• #108 Rumination syndrome – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rumination-syndrome/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20377339

  Your Mayo Clinic care team. Mayo Clinic gastroenterologists work closely with psychiatrists and psychologists to treat people with rumination syndrome. Pediatricians are involved in the care of children with this condition. […] Effective treatment. The rumination syndrome treatment team at Mayo Clinic includes behavioral psychologists who teach breathing techniques that can prevent rumination. This treatment is generally effective for most people.

• #109 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome is a poorly recognised, infrequently diagnosed, yet easily manageable disorder of gut-brain interaction. Greater awareness among medical professionals will ensure prompt diagnosis, prevent malnutrition and reduce inappropriate referrals for psychiatric assessments or invasive investigations.

• #110 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Rumination syndrome is a poorly recognised, infrequently diagnosed, yet easily manageable disorder of gut-brain interaction. Greater awareness among medical professionals will ensure prompt diagnosis, prevent malnutrition and reduce inappropriate referrals for psychiatric assessments or invasive investigations.

• #111 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=134&ContentID=82

  Rumination syndrome is a rare behavioral disorder in which food is brought back up from the stomach. It’s either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. […] Behavioral therapy will help you to notice the pattern and work to fix it. […] Rumination syndrome should be considered in anyone who vomits after eating, has regurgitation, and weight loss.

• #112 ARFID & Rumination Syndrome – Nutrition with Naia

  https://nutritionwithnaia.com/feeding-disorders/

  Rumination Syndrome, also known as Rumination Disorder, is when food is regurgitated during or after eating. The food is either rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out. Regurgitation can happen spontaneously or voluntarily (often linked to anxiety/stress). Many people can feel the sensation that food is stuck in their throat or about to come up and can regurgitate intentionally, partially relieving the discomfort. At times, regurgitation can be a form of self-soothing, used to reduce anxiety even though it may cause feelings of guilt, shame, or hopelessness afterwards. […] Rumination Syndrome is often misdiagnosed, most commonly as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or if significant weight loss has occurred, anorexia nervosa. Due to misdiagnosis and the fact that RS is not widely known, the disorder often progresses and health may suffer as a consequence.

• #113 Rumination syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of a not so uncommon disorder | Anales de Pediatría

  https://analesdepediatria.org/en-rumination-syndrome-diagnostic-therapeutic-difficulties-articulo-S234128791730220X

  Rumination syndrome is an uncommon gastrointestinal functional disorder that may be difficult to diagnose, as not many physicians are aware of this condition. […] When the correct diagnosis is eventually made, therapy for the syndrome can be difficult and complex because of its multifactorial nature. […] Due to the limited knowledge of this condition among attending professionals in terms of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, patients with rumination syndrome are often misdiagnosed and undergo numerous avoidable complementary tests, and invasive, costly treatments. […] Treatment is difficult and complex due to the multifactorial nature of the disorder, and usually involves both medical and behavioural interventions, most of them of limited efficacy. […] The treatment of rumination syndrome aims to modify the underlying mechanism that causes it, that is, the voluntary contraction of the abdominal wall, by abdominal retraining techniques.

• #114 Rumination disorder | UKAT

  https://www.ukat.co.uk/eating-disorders/rumination-disorder/

  Our rehab treatment ensures that all aspects of your well-being are addressed and that no stone is left unturned in the quest for lasting rumination disorder recovery. […] Nutritional counselling Your journey starts with nutritional counselling. […] Our dietitians will work closely with you to develop eating habits that nourish and support your body. […] Learning and maintaining correct postures can reduce the frequency of regurgitation episodes and improve digestion. […] This ongoing support is a cornerstone of your long-term recovery and well-being.

• #115 Treatment options for rumination syndrome: A systematic review

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v7/i6/297.htm

  The exercises that were part of the biofeedback protocols were essentially abdominal breathing exercises otherwise known as DB. […] DB was further supported by other non-RCT studies included in this analysis. […] Many of the studies analyzed performed physiological tests prior to the treatment and post-treatment, thus allowing an insight into possible mechanisms of the origin of symptoms in these patients. […] Other studies not involving DB also shed light on mechanisms of RS and its treatment. […] There are likely psychosocial and cognitive processes in play that initiate and perpetuate symptoms in RS as evident by patients reporting onset of symptoms following acute illness, surgeries, psychological stress and major life events. […] It is therefore not recommended to treat RS patients with surgery without concomitant GERD or structural abnormalities at this point without further evidence. […] In conclusion, RS may present similarly to other conditions such as GERD and gastroparesis and is likely under-recognized, therefore clinicians need to be aware of this syndrome in their differential diagnosis.

• #116 Rumination syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of a not so uncommon disorder | Anales de Pediatría

  https://analesdepediatria.org/en-rumination-syndrome-diagnostic-therapeutic-difficulties-articulo-S234128791730220X

  The use of biofeedback for treatment of rumination consists in monitoring abdominothoracic muscular activity by means of electromyography and training the patient to relax abdominal and intercostal muscles to prevent further episodes in the course of 3 sessions. […] At present, research is being conducted on the experimental use of electromyography-guided control of abdominal muscles in patients with rumination.

• #117 Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and practical management | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/13/5/440

  Diaphragmatic breathing can be taught at the bedside by clinicians, nurse specialists, speech and language therapists or behavioural therapists. […] When the response to diaphragmatic breathing is incomplete, more advanced behavioural therapy with biofeedback may be an effective tool for rumination syndrome. […] There are very few studies on effective medical therapy for rumination syndrome. Baclofen may however be a reasonable option as second-line management option following behavioural approaches. […] Limited evidence from case series suggests that in refractory cases, rumination syndrome can be treated with Nissens fundoplication in order to enhance the resting pressure of the LOS and to partially negate the intragastric propulsive force provided by contraction of anterior wall musculature by reducing concurrent LOS relaxation.

• #118 Rumination Syndrome: A Lesser-Known Eating Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-neuroscience-of-eating-disorders/202309/rumination-syndrome-a-lesser-known-eating-disorder

  Rumination syndrome is a disorder involving regurgitation of undigested food. […] Rumination syndrome is classified as both an eating disorder and a disorder of gut-brain interaction. […] Medical professionals have determined that the abdominal muscles of people with RS start to contract after food enters the stomach, putting pressure on the stomach. […] The standard, most effective way of treating RS has been diaphragmatic breathing (DB). […] If DB is ineffective or if an individual with RS has difficulties with DB, physicians will likely seek other behavioral interventions. […] Health professionals, therefore, need to be educated on how to diagnose and treat this disorder.

• #119 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  Rumination disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated regurgitation (bringing back up) and re-chewing of food. […] Furthermore, it delineates the critical role nursing plays in the care and management of patients with rumination disorder. […] Understanding these risk factors can offer invaluable insights for preventive methods, early detection, and the development of effective treatment strategies. […] Learning to identify the symptoms of rumination disorder offers crucial assistance in early diagnosis, thereby enabling effective treatment plans. […] Nursing interventions incline towards the practical aspects of patient-care in handling rumination disorder. […] Some key nurse-led interventions for rumination disorder include: Educate patients and families about rumination disorder: Nurses play a vital role in providing necessary information about the disorder, helping to dispel misconceptions, and promoting a better understanding.

• #120 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #121 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  The emotional support provided by nurses is as important as the physical care they deliver. […] In essence, the importance of nursing in managing rumination disorder can never be overstated. Nurses involvement is not just limited to executing medical protocols but extends into areas of emotional support and advocacy.

• #122 Rumination Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576404/

  The nurse can also help the clinical team by educating the patient on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and ensuring compliance with them at every visit. […] A collaborative interprofessional team of physicians, behavioral therapists, and nurses can optimize existing treatment strategies for these patients and greatly improve their clinical outcomes.

• #123 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  Rumination disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the repeated regurgitation (bringing back up) and re-chewing of food. […] Furthermore, it delineates the critical role nursing plays in the care and management of patients with rumination disorder. […] Understanding these risk factors can offer invaluable insights for preventive methods, early detection, and the development of effective treatment strategies. […] Learning to identify the symptoms of rumination disorder offers crucial assistance in early diagnosis, thereby enabling effective treatment plans. […] Nursing interventions incline towards the practical aspects of patient-care in handling rumination disorder. […] Some key nurse-led interventions for rumination disorder include: Educate patients and families about rumination disorder: Nurses play a vital role in providing necessary information about the disorder, helping to dispel misconceptions, and promoting a better understanding.

• #124 Rumination Disorder: Symptoms & Treatment | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/mental-health-nursing/rumination-disorder/

  The emotional support provided by nurses is as important as the physical care they deliver. […] In essence, the importance of nursing in managing rumination disorder can never be overstated. Nurses involvement is not just limited to executing medical protocols but extends into areas of emotional support and advocacy.

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