Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Overview – Munchausen syndrome – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/munchausen-syndrome/overview/

  Treating Munchausen syndrome can be difficult because most people with it refuse to admit they have a problem and refuse to co-operate with treatment plans. […] Some experts recommend that healthcare professionals should adopt a gentle non-confrontational approach, suggesting the person may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. […] Others argue that a person with Munchausen syndrome should be confronted directly and asked why they’ve lied and whether they have stress and anxiety. […] If a person admits to their behaviour, they can be referred to a psychiatrist for further treatment. […] It may be possible to help control the symptoms of Munchausen syndrome if the person admits they have a problem and co-operates with treatment. […] There’s no standard treatment for Munchausen syndrome, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown some success controlling symptoms. […] People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. […] It can also teach family members how to avoid reinforcing the person’s abnormal behaviour.

• #2 Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy: The Complete Guide | Sandstone Care

  https://www.sandstonecare.com/blog/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy/

  There is no known cure for Munchausen by proxy. […] Treatment for Munchausen by proxy often involves individual and family therapy. […] A person may learn to manage the symptoms of Munchausen by proxy through psychotherapy. […] For a child of a caregiver with Munchausen by proxy, they may need medical care for physical harm they experienced. […] They also need psychiatric care for conditions that come as a result of their experiences and abuse, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. […] While this can be a complicated illness to treat, psychotherapy can help people understand how their thoughts, feelings, and actions are connected and learn how to restructure them into healthy behaviors. […] Victims of Munchausen, by proxy, often face lifelong physical and emotional problems.

• #3 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  The first goal of treatment for factitious disorder imposed on self is to modify harmful behaviors and reduce the misuse or overuse of medical resources. […] A form of psychotherapy that addresses your thinking and behavioral patterns (cognitive behavioral therapy) helps treat factitious disorder imposed on self. Family therapy may also help teach your family members more about this condition. Group therapy may reduce feelings of isolation or abandonment. […] It can be difficult to treat factitious disorder imposed on self many people who experience this condition deny that they have it, making it difficult to treat. However, treatment is available when you’re ready. […] Your caregiver(s) will focus on reducing self-harm and educating you on how to care for yourself and prevent complications.

• #4 Munchausen’s syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/munchausens-syndrome/

  As mentioned, treating Munchausens syndrome can be very difficult as most people with the condition will refuse to admit they have a problem and will not co-operate with suggested treatment plans. […] Because of this, some experts have suggested that health professionals adopt a gentle, non-confrontational approach. So rather than directly accuse a person of lying, they may gently suggest that they have complex health needs that may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. Still, even with this approach, many people refuse, or simply move to another area. […] For people who do admit they have a problem, and co-operate with treatment, it may be possible to help them control the symptoms of Munchausens syndrome. […] There is no standard treatment for the condition, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved relatively successful in helping people control their symptoms.

• #5 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] The diagnosis and management of Munchausen syndrome are complex. It is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a psychiatrist, psychologist, primary care provider, social work, and nursing staff. […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #6 Munchausen Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25371

  The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the precipitating and perpetuating factor for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #7 Overview – Munchausen syndrome – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/munchausen-syndrome/overview/

  Treating Munchausen syndrome can be difficult because most people with it refuse to admit they have a problem and refuse to co-operate with treatment plans. […] Some experts recommend that healthcare professionals should adopt a gentle non-confrontational approach, suggesting the person may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. […] Others argue that a person with Munchausen syndrome should be confronted directly and asked why they’ve lied and whether they have stress and anxiety. […] If a person admits to their behaviour, they can be referred to a psychiatrist for further treatment. […] It may be possible to help control the symptoms of Munchausen syndrome if the person admits they have a problem and co-operates with treatment. […] There’s no standard treatment for Munchausen syndrome, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown some success controlling symptoms. […] People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. […] It can also teach family members how to avoid reinforcing the person’s abnormal behaviour.

• #8 Munchausen’s syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/munchausens-syndrome/

  As mentioned, treating Munchausens syndrome can be very difficult as most people with the condition will refuse to admit they have a problem and will not co-operate with suggested treatment plans. […] Because of this, some experts have suggested that health professionals adopt a gentle, non-confrontational approach. So rather than directly accuse a person of lying, they may gently suggest that they have complex health needs that may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. Still, even with this approach, many people refuse, or simply move to another area. […] For people who do admit they have a problem, and co-operate with treatment, it may be possible to help them control the symptoms of Munchausens syndrome. […] There is no standard treatment for the condition, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved relatively successful in helping people control their symptoms.

• #9

  https://slam.nhs.uk/munchausens-syndrome

  Treating Munchausen’s syndrome can be difficult because most people with it refuse to admit they have a problem and refuse to co-operate with treatment plans. […] Some experts recommend that healthcare professionals should adopt a gentle non-confrontational approach, suggesting the person may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. […] Others argue that a person with Munchausen’s syndrome should be confronted directly and asked why they’ve lied and whether they have stress and anxiety. […] People who have Munchausen’s are genuinely mentally ill, but will often only admit to having a physical illness. […] If a person admits to their behaviour, they can be referred to a psychiatrist for further treatment. If they do not admit to lying, most experts agree the doctor in charge of their care should minimise medical contact with them.

• #10 Overview – Munchausen syndrome – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/munchausen-syndrome/overview/

  Treating Munchausen syndrome can be difficult because most people with it refuse to admit they have a problem and refuse to co-operate with treatment plans. […] Some experts recommend that healthcare professionals should adopt a gentle non-confrontational approach, suggesting the person may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. […] Others argue that a person with Munchausen syndrome should be confronted directly and asked why they’ve lied and whether they have stress and anxiety. […] If a person admits to their behaviour, they can be referred to a psychiatrist for further treatment. […] It may be possible to help control the symptoms of Munchausen syndrome if the person admits they have a problem and co-operates with treatment. […] There’s no standard treatment for Munchausen syndrome, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown some success controlling symptoms. […] People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. […] It can also teach family members how to avoid reinforcing the person’s abnormal behaviour.

• #11 Factitious disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034

  Treatment of factitious disorder is often hard, and there are no standard therapies. Because people with factitious disorder want to be in the sick role, they often aren’t willing to seek or accept treatment for the condition. But if approached in a way that doesn’t judge, people with factitious disorder may agree to have a mental health professional assess and treat them. […] Directly accusing people of having factitious disorder usually makes them angry and defensive. This can cause them to suddenly end a relationship with a healthcare professional or hospital and seek treatment elsewhere. So healthcare professionals may try to create an „out” that spares people the humiliation of admitting to faking symptoms and instead offer information and help. […] Either way, the healthcare professionals try to steer people with factitious disorder toward care with a mental health professional. And both healthcare professionals and loved ones can reinforce healthy, productive behaviors and not give too much attention to symptoms.

• #12 Munchausen Syndrome & by Proxy: Cases, Meaning, Test & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/munchausen_syndrome/article.htm

  What is the treatment for Munchausen syndrome? […] Because of the chronic nature of the condition and the tendency of sufferers to flee from care, the treatment of Munchausen syndrome can be a challenge. No one method is consistently effective in managing this illness. […] Confronting victims of Munchausen syndrome tends to be ineffective. In fact, people with this condition are more likely to prematurely end treatment in response to being confronted, only to resume seeking unnecessary tests, procedures, and other treatments from a new health-care provider. […] Therefore, maintaining a delicate balance between providing the sufferer of Munchausen syndrome with empathetic professional support with preventing their receiving more unnecessary tests and procedures is key to treating victims of this condition.

• #13 Factitious disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034

  Treatment of factitious disorder is often hard, and there are no standard therapies. Because people with factitious disorder want to be in the sick role, they often aren’t willing to seek or accept treatment for the condition. But if approached in a way that doesn’t judge, people with factitious disorder may agree to have a mental health professional assess and treat them. […] Directly accusing people of having factitious disorder usually makes them angry and defensive. This can cause them to suddenly end a relationship with a healthcare professional or hospital and seek treatment elsewhere. So healthcare professionals may try to create an „out” that spares people the humiliation of admitting to faking symptoms and instead offer information and help. […] Either way, the healthcare professionals try to steer people with factitious disorder toward care with a mental health professional. And both healthcare professionals and loved ones can reinforce healthy, productive behaviors and not give too much attention to symptoms.

• #14 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly known as Munchausen syndrome, is a psychiatric disorder in which a person assumes the role of a sick patient without the intention of external gain. […] This article reviews the pathophysiology of factitious disorder imposed on self and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management. […] Summarize the treatment options for factitious disorder imposed on self. […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. […] In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. […] It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder.

• #15 Munchausen Syndrome (Factitious disorder)

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome

  As with other factitious disorders, the primary treatment for Munchausen syndrome is psychotherapy or talk therapy (a type of counseling). Treatment usually focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual (cognitive behavioral therapy). Family therapy may also help teach family members not to reward or support the behavior of the person with the disorder. […] There are no medications to treat factitious disorders themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related illness, such as depression or anxiety. The use of medications must be carefully monitored in people with factitious disorders due to the risk that the drugs may be used in a harmful way.

• #16 Overview – Munchausen syndrome – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/munchausen-syndrome/overview/

  Treating Munchausen syndrome can be difficult because most people with it refuse to admit they have a problem and refuse to co-operate with treatment plans. […] Some experts recommend that healthcare professionals should adopt a gentle non-confrontational approach, suggesting the person may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. […] Others argue that a person with Munchausen syndrome should be confronted directly and asked why they’ve lied and whether they have stress and anxiety. […] If a person admits to their behaviour, they can be referred to a psychiatrist for further treatment. […] It may be possible to help control the symptoms of Munchausen syndrome if the person admits they have a problem and co-operates with treatment. […] There’s no standard treatment for Munchausen syndrome, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown some success controlling symptoms. […] People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. […] It can also teach family members how to avoid reinforcing the person’s abnormal behaviour.

• #17 Munchausen’s syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/munchausens-syndrome/

  Psychoanalysis is a type of psychotherapy that is based on the theories of Sigmund Freud. Freud suggested that unconscious beliefs or motivations, often formed during early childhood, can lay at the root of many psychological conditions. Psychoanalysis attempts to uncover and then resolve these unconscious beliefs and motivations. […] CBT works by helping people to identify any unhelpful and unrealistic beliefs and behavioural patterns they may have. The therapist then shows them ways in which they can replace these beliefs with more realistic and balanced ones.

• #18 Munchausen’s syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/munchausens-syndrome/

  Psychoanalysis is a type of psychotherapy that is based on the theories of Sigmund Freud. Freud suggested that unconscious beliefs or motivations, often formed during early childhood, can lay at the root of many psychological conditions. Psychoanalysis attempts to uncover and then resolve these unconscious beliefs and motivations. […] CBT works by helping people to identify any unhelpful and unrealistic beliefs and behavioural patterns they may have. The therapist then shows them ways in which they can replace these beliefs with more realistic and balanced ones.

• #19 Factitious disorder imposed on self – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_self

  When confronted with this diagnosis, patients often refuse to accept it and will continue their behaviors seeking healthcare at different institutions or physicians. […] Those who accept the diagnosis benefit most from psychotherapy delivered by a skilled therapist or psychiatrist. In doing so, patients can learn the underlying subconscious motivations that drive their conscious behaviors in order to develop a sense of awareness the prevents them from continuing these harmful behaviors. […] Specific forms of therapy may be tailored to underlying personality disorders contributing to their behaviors. For example, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be used to treat borderline personality disorder. […] Medications may be necessary to treat an underlying mood disorder or anxiety disorder, as many patients with this disorder may have underlying depression. […] Patients with underlying depression and/or anxiety are typically responsive to antidepressants with or without cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy.

• #20 A mixture of Munchausen syndrome and malingering: factitious AIDS

  https://www.munchausen.com/living-with-a-fd/

  Though I always knew that I had a factitious disorder at least on some level it was difficult to admit to it on a practical level. […] One of the reasons I found it difficult to admit to it is that there is little if any treatment in the eyes of most professionals; it is generally considered to be a hopeless diagnosis. […] There is psychotherapy which can help you to develop some insight into how FD developed and strategies to prevent an occurrence. These strategies can include DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) or STEPPS (Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving) for coping skills, as well as CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). […] A whole-person approach also includes the treatment of existing (legitimate) health conditions, even if it involves pain that would drive anyone up the wall.

• #21 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  The first goal of treatment for factitious disorder imposed on self is to modify harmful behaviors and reduce the misuse or overuse of medical resources. […] A form of psychotherapy that addresses your thinking and behavioral patterns (cognitive behavioral therapy) helps treat factitious disorder imposed on self. Family therapy may also help teach your family members more about this condition. Group therapy may reduce feelings of isolation or abandonment. […] It can be difficult to treat factitious disorder imposed on self many people who experience this condition deny that they have it, making it difficult to treat. However, treatment is available when you’re ready. […] Your caregiver(s) will focus on reducing self-harm and educating you on how to care for yourself and prevent complications.

• #22

  https://slam.nhs.uk/munchausens-syndrome

  People with Munchausen’s syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. […] The person with the syndrome and their close family members discuss how it’s affected the family and the positive changes that can be made. […] It can also teach family members how to avoid reinforcing the person’s abnormal behaviour. For example, this could involve recognising when the person is playing the „sick role” and avoiding showing them concern or offering support.

• #23 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (Munchausen Syndrome)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9833-munchausen-syndrome-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self

  The first goal of treatment for factitious disorder imposed on self is to modify harmful behaviors and reduce the misuse or overuse of medical resources. […] A form of psychotherapy that addresses your thinking and behavioral patterns (cognitive behavioral therapy) helps treat factitious disorder imposed on self. Family therapy may also help teach your family members more about this condition. Group therapy may reduce feelings of isolation or abandonment. […] It can be difficult to treat factitious disorder imposed on self many people who experience this condition deny that they have it, making it difficult to treat. However, treatment is available when you’re ready. […] Your caregiver(s) will focus on reducing self-harm and educating you on how to care for yourself and prevent complications.

• #24 Munchausen Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25371

  The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the precipitating and perpetuating factor for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #25 Factitious disorder imposed on self – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_self

  When confronted with this diagnosis, patients often refuse to accept it and will continue their behaviors seeking healthcare at different institutions or physicians. […] Those who accept the diagnosis benefit most from psychotherapy delivered by a skilled therapist or psychiatrist. In doing so, patients can learn the underlying subconscious motivations that drive their conscious behaviors in order to develop a sense of awareness the prevents them from continuing these harmful behaviors. […] Specific forms of therapy may be tailored to underlying personality disorders contributing to their behaviors. For example, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be used to treat borderline personality disorder. […] Medications may be necessary to treat an underlying mood disorder or anxiety disorder, as many patients with this disorder may have underlying depression. […] Patients with underlying depression and/or anxiety are typically responsive to antidepressants with or without cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy.

• #26 Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self): definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-munchausen-syndrome/

  Treatment options for Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self) include psychotherapy (talk therapy), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, medication, and treatment of coexisting mental disorders. […] Psychotherapy (talk therapy) serves as the main treatment for Munchausen syndrome, helping individuals address the underlying psychological factors driving deceptive medical behaviors. Building self-esteem, enhancing emotional control, and lessening the need to fake or cause disease are the main goals of therapy sessions. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) targets the distorted thought processes leading individuals to fabricate or exaggerate medical conditions. […] Family therapy is essential for resolving the relational factors contributing to MS. […] No specific pharmacological treatment exists for Munchausen syndrome. […] Addressing co-existing mental disorders helps reduce the emotional distress driving Munchausen syndrome.

• #27 Munchausen Syndrome (Factitious disorder)

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome

  As with other factitious disorders, the primary treatment for Munchausen syndrome is psychotherapy or talk therapy (a type of counseling). Treatment usually focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual (cognitive behavioral therapy). Family therapy may also help teach family members not to reward or support the behavior of the person with the disorder. […] There are no medications to treat factitious disorders themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related illness, such as depression or anxiety. The use of medications must be carefully monitored in people with factitious disorders due to the risk that the drugs may be used in a harmful way.

• #28 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  Factitious disorder imposed on self, formerly known as Munchausen syndrome, is a psychiatric disorder in which a person assumes the role of a sick patient without the intention of external gain. […] This article reviews the pathophysiology of factitious disorder imposed on self and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its management. […] Summarize the treatment options for factitious disorder imposed on self. […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. […] In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. […] It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder.

• #29 Munchausen Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25371

  The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the precipitating and perpetuating factor for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #30 Factitious disorder imposed on self – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_self

  When confronted with this diagnosis, patients often refuse to accept it and will continue their behaviors seeking healthcare at different institutions or physicians. […] Those who accept the diagnosis benefit most from psychotherapy delivered by a skilled therapist or psychiatrist. In doing so, patients can learn the underlying subconscious motivations that drive their conscious behaviors in order to develop a sense of awareness the prevents them from continuing these harmful behaviors. […] Specific forms of therapy may be tailored to underlying personality disorders contributing to their behaviors. For example, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be used to treat borderline personality disorder. […] Medications may be necessary to treat an underlying mood disorder or anxiety disorder, as many patients with this disorder may have underlying depression. […] Patients with underlying depression and/or anxiety are typically responsive to antidepressants with or without cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy.

• #31 A mixture of Munchausen syndrome and malingering: factitious AIDS

  https://www.munchausen.com/living-with-a-fd/

  And in some cases, though medications won’t make you honest, they can treat depression or anxiety or help to stabilize mood. […] But as someone who suffers (or did) from a factitious disorder, what I can tell you is that a 12-step program is absolutely essential. This is what truly saved my life. […] I have also started a book on the treatment of factitious disorders. If there are any proceeds, the bulk of them will go to a charity for some of those affected by my addiction.

• #32 Munchausen Syndrome (Factitious disorder)

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome

  As with other factitious disorders, the primary treatment for Munchausen syndrome is psychotherapy or talk therapy (a type of counseling). Treatment usually focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual (cognitive behavioral therapy). Family therapy may also help teach family members not to reward or support the behavior of the person with the disorder. […] There are no medications to treat factitious disorders themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related illness, such as depression or anxiety. The use of medications must be carefully monitored in people with factitious disorders due to the risk that the drugs may be used in a harmful way.

• #33 What is munchausen syndrome? | Signs, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome/

  People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. The person with the syndrome and their close family members discuss how it has affected the family and the positive changes that can be made. […] Munchausen syndrome sufferers who have no other psychiatric illness seem to have a better chance of full recovery than those who also suffer from another mental illness. However, when a person with another psychiatric disorder gets treatment for that problem, their symptoms of Munchausen syndrome often improve as well. […] There are no medications to treat factitious disorders such as Munchausen syndrome themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related illness, such as depression or anxiety. The use of medications must be carefully monitored in people with Munchausen syndrome due to the risk that the prescribed medication may be used in a harmful way by the sufferer.

• #34 Factitious disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034

  Treatment often focuses on managing the condition and making people better able to function, rather than trying to cure it. Treatment generally includes: Having a primary healthcare professional. Using one healthcare professional to oversee medical care can help manage needed care and the treatment plan. This can reduce or stop visits to many healthcare professionals that aren’t needed. […] Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, and behavior therapy may help control stress and build coping skills. Family therapy also may be suggested. Other mental health conditions, such as depression, also may be addressed. […] Medicines may be used to treat other mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety. […] If factitious disorder symptoms are severe, a short stay in a mental health hospital may be needed for safety and to create a treatment plan.

• #35 Factitious disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028

  Factitious disorder is a rare condition that can be hard to diagnose and treat. Help from medical and mental health professionals is critical to prevent serious injury and even death when people with factitious disorder hurt themselves. […] Recognizing and treating factitious disorder may help avoid potentially dangerous tests and treatments that aren’t needed. […] Associated Procedures include Cognitive behavioral therapy and Psychotherapy.

• #36 Factitious disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034

  Treatment may not be accepted or may not help, especially for people with severe factitious disorder. In these cases, the goal may be to stop further invasive or risky treatments. When factitious disorder is imposed on others, healthcare professionals assess for abuse and need to report the abuse to authorities.

• #37

  https://slam.nhs.uk/munchausens-syndrome

  This is because the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust and if there’s evidence the patient can no longer be trusted, the doctor is unable to continue treating them. […] It may be possible to help control the symptoms of Munchausen’s syndrome if the person admits they have a problem and co-operates with treatment. […] There’s no standard treatment for Munchausen’s syndrome, but a combination of psychoanalysis and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has shown some success controlling symptoms. […] Psychoanalysis is a type of psychotherapy that attempts to uncover and resolve unconscious beliefs and motivations. […] CBT helps a person identify unhelpful and unrealistic beliefs and behavioural patterns. A specially trained therapist teaches the person ways of replacing unrealistic beliefs with more realistic and balanced ones.

• #38

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/reparenting-treat-woman-munchausens-syndrome/story?id=22773089

  Avigal, now 53, says she has had a remarkable recovery with the help of New Palz, N.Y., psychologist Tom G. Hall, who used unconventional methods to teach her healthier ways of coping. […] Today, the pair is committed to educating others about an unconventional treatment they call „reparenting” to bring hope to those who suffer one of the cruelest, and least curable, of psychiatric disorders. […] Hall allowed Avigal to contact him by email and telephone at any time outside scheduled therapy sessions, becoming a surrogate parent. […] „I saw that her healing depended more on our relationship itself than any insight I offered, and I felt compelled to expand my role beyond the bounds of conventional therapy,” he writes in the book’s introduction. „This choice stretched me as a psychologist and a person, pushing me well outside of my emotional comfort zone. In the end, it proved instrumental to Andrea’s recovery.”

• #39

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/reparenting-treat-woman-munchausens-syndrome/story?id=22773089

  Avigal, now 53, says she has had a remarkable recovery with the help of New Palz, N.Y., psychologist Tom G. Hall, who used unconventional methods to teach her healthier ways of coping. […] Today, the pair is committed to educating others about an unconventional treatment they call „reparenting” to bring hope to those who suffer one of the cruelest, and least curable, of psychiatric disorders. […] Hall allowed Avigal to contact him by email and telephone at any time outside scheduled therapy sessions, becoming a surrogate parent. […] „I saw that her healing depended more on our relationship itself than any insight I offered, and I felt compelled to expand my role beyond the bounds of conventional therapy,” he writes in the book’s introduction. „This choice stretched me as a psychologist and a person, pushing me well outside of my emotional comfort zone. In the end, it proved instrumental to Andrea’s recovery.”

• #40 Challenges presented by Munchausen syndrome | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2017/05/commentary-and-debate/challenges-presented-munchausen-syndrome

  In Norway, all inhabitants have a personal identity number. This provides a good possibility of identification and relatively high transparency when a comprehensive discharge summary with the diagnosis F68.1 is sent to other involved health institutions. We have followed our patients for several years (in one case for 15 years) and have been able to show that sending a detailed discharge summary, not only to the primary doctor and referring doctor or health institution, but to all health enterprises that the patient has been in contact with according to their own verified information, has resulted in the person concerned either stopping their behaviour or having their activity considerably reduced. […] However, in our view, attempting to protect the patient against serious self-inflicted and iatrogenic injuries, which sometimes put their lives at risk, is an ethically higher objective than passively accepting that the patient continues in his or her behaviour.

• #41 Munchausen syndrome by proxy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  The child needs to be protected. They may need to be removed from the direct care of the caretaker in question. […] Children may require medical care to treat complications from injuries, infections, medicines, surgeries, or tests. They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. […] Treatment most often involves individual and family therapy. Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities.

• #42 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Warnings

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-by-proxy

  How Is Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Treated? The first concern in MSP is to ensure the safety and protection of any real or potential victims. This may require that the child be placed in the care of another. In fact, managing a case involving MSP often requires a team that includes a social worker, foster care organizations, and law enforcement, as well as doctors. […] Successful treatment of people with MSP is difficult because those with the disorder often deny there is a problem. In addition, treatment success is dependent on the person telling the truth, and people with MSP tend to be such accomplished liars that they begin to have trouble telling fact from fiction. […] Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) generally focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder (cognitive-behavioral therapy). The goal of therapy for MSP is to help the person identify the thoughts and feelings that are contributing to the behavior, and to learn to form relationships that are not associated with being ill. […] In general, MSP is a very difficult disorder to treat and often requires years of therapy and support.

• #43 Munchausen syndrome by proxy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  The child needs to be protected. They may need to be removed from the direct care of the caretaker in question. […] Children may require medical care to treat complications from injuries, infections, medicines, surgeries, or tests. They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. […] Treatment most often involves individual and family therapy. Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities.

• #44 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #45 Munchausen syndrome by proxy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  The child needs to be protected. They may need to be removed from the direct care of the caretaker in question. […] Children may require medical care to treat complications from injuries, infections, medicines, surgeries, or tests. They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. […] Treatment most often involves individual and family therapy. Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities.

• #46 Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy: The Complete Guide | Sandstone Care

  https://www.sandstonecare.com/blog/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy/

  Children may need medical care for any medical problems they experienced or developed as a result of Munchausen by proxy syndrome, whether it be complications from injuries, medicines, infections, or surgeries. […] They also often face significant psychological problems and need care for mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

• #47 Munchausen syndrome by proxy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  The child needs to be protected. They may need to be removed from the direct care of the caretaker in question. […] Children may require medical care to treat complications from injuries, infections, medicines, surgeries, or tests. They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. […] Treatment most often involves individual and family therapy. Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities.

• #48 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  Treatment for the child usually involves removing the child from the care of the abuser. The abuser may face criminal charges, and long-term psychiatric counseling is often recommended. […] The treatment for MSP must involve both the child and the adult. It may also be beneficial for the entire family to participate in treatment. […] Once its determined that the child is being abused, they must be protected. This usually means contacting Child Protective Services and removing all children from the care of the abuser. Any existing physical illness or injury must be treated accordingly. Psychological counseling may also be necessary. […] If MSP is suspected, psychiatric counseling will be recommended. However, treatment may be difficult if the caretaker doesn’t admit that there’s a problem. Individual or family therapy may help all parties cope with the situation. […] For the caretaker being treated for MSP, psychiatric counseling is often required for many years. Its a very difficult condition to treat effectively.

• #49 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/munchausen-by-proxy-5071840

  The treatment of FDIA or Munchausen syndrome by proxy generally requires treatment of the caregiver and the victim. […] In the event that a parent/caregiver is willing to get help, and they are not being investigated for abuse, the attending primary care physician should refer out to individual or family therapy. […] If the child or the adult victim is removed from the perpetrator’s care, treatment may involve both medical and psychological interventions. […] Victims of FDIA will need psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment to help them understand and deal with the abuse they’ve been subjected to by a caregiver or parent. […] The doctor and mental health experts should form a hospital-based or community-based multidisciplinary child protection team to treat the victim. […] Treatment for the caregiver/perpetrator will depend on legal issues surrounding the case and other psychiatric conditions.

• #50 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #51 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #52 Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/munchausen-syndrome-proxy/

  Safety of the child is the No. 1 priority of treatment. The child should be treated for any medical problems they are having and protected from further abuse. They may need to be removed from the care of the affected caregiver. Psychological treatment for the child may be necessary, as well, to help them understand and cope with what has happened to them. […] Treatment of the mother, father, or caregiver involved is not as straightforward. Many times, this person will deny playing a role, even when evidence proves it. They often have blurred what is true and what is not. Until they are ready to recognize the truth, it will be difficult for them to get better. […] Psychotherapy is recommended for persons who have MSP. During these counseling sessions, the therapist helps the caregiver identify the feelings that caused their harmful behavior. Over time, the caregiver can learn to change that behavior. They can learn to form healthy relationships that don’t rely on someone being sick. […] Because this mental illness is linked to child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities.

• #53 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #54 Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA): What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9834-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-another-fdia

  The first goal of treatment for factitious disorder imposed on another is to modify harmful behaviors and reduce the misuse or overuse of medical resources. Then, your care team will address any underlying causes of your behavior. […] Healthcare providers will work together to make sure the person under your care isnt in danger and doesnt undergo unnecessary medical testing or treatment. Additional help for the victim, or the person within your care, may include: […] To address any underlying causes of your behavior, your healthcare provider may refer you to a type of psychotherapy called cognitive behavioral therapy. The goal of therapy is to identify how your thoughts and feelings contribute to your behaviors. Youll also learn about the importance of honesty. A mental health professional will help you adjust your thinking and behaviors. […] Generally, FDIA is a very difficult disorder to treat and often requires years of therapy and support. Social services, law enforcement, Child Protective Services, Adult Protective Services and healthcare providers must all work together as a team to stop the behavior.

• #55 What is Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167880

  Various experts can provide treatment to the caregiver and the dependent. […] Treatment may involve: psychotherapy and counseling, family therapy, physical therapy. […] Psychotherapy can help the caregiver identify the reasons for their actions and how to resolve the problem. This may involve learning to form relationships that are not associated with illness. […] Family therapy looks at family tensions and parenting skills and seeks to promote a healthy relationship between the child and the caregiver. […] Effective treatment is usually possible once a person acknowledges that the problem exists. Treatment can be difficult if the person denies that they have FDIA. […] A team will work with the dependent, who is usually a child, to restore their mental and physical health. […] They may benefit from long-term counseling to deal with anxiety, trauma, and stress. They may also need to learn to form and maintain healthy relationships that do not involve being ill. […] Other challenges may include catching up on missed schooling, developing social skills, and restoring other aspects of a child’s usual routine.

• #56 Therapists: Treating Perpetrators, Survivors, and Family Members Resources | Munchausen Support

  https://www.munchausensupport.com/resources/therapists/

  Many perpetrators who receive treatment do so because of a court order rather than choosing so voluntarily. […] Therapist should have access to an MBP expert for regular consultation during the course of treatment. […] It is important for therapists to work with CPS to establish a therapy agreement that includes boundaries around treatment, a clear plan, and safety protocols for the child. […] If a perpetrator continues to deny that the abuse took placewhich the vast majority of them will dotreatment will be unsuccessful. […] Therapists are advised to use the ACCEPTS model for treatment: ACknowledgement, Coping, Empathy, Parenting, Taking charge, and Support. […] Treatment should focus on: Providing support, Managing trauma, Exploring story of illness and health, Teaching coping skills, Encouraging optimal independent functioning. […] Trauma-focused psychotherapies such as Cognitive Processing Therapy and EMDR may be helpful in recovery.

• #57 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #58 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy

  How is Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #59 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] The diagnosis and management of Munchausen syndrome are complex. It is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a psychiatrist, psychologist, primary care provider, social work, and nursing staff. […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #60 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Warnings

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-by-proxy

  How Is Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Treated? The first concern in MSP is to ensure the safety and protection of any real or potential victims. This may require that the child be placed in the care of another. In fact, managing a case involving MSP often requires a team that includes a social worker, foster care organizations, and law enforcement, as well as doctors. […] Successful treatment of people with MSP is difficult because those with the disorder often deny there is a problem. In addition, treatment success is dependent on the person telling the truth, and people with MSP tend to be such accomplished liars that they begin to have trouble telling fact from fiction. […] Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) generally focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder (cognitive-behavioral therapy). The goal of therapy for MSP is to help the person identify the thoughts and feelings that are contributing to the behavior, and to learn to form relationships that are not associated with being ill. […] In general, MSP is a very difficult disorder to treat and often requires years of therapy and support.

• #61 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Warnings

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/munchausen-by-proxy

  How Is Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Treated? The first concern in MSP is to ensure the safety and protection of any real or potential victims. This may require that the child be placed in the care of another. In fact, managing a case involving MSP often requires a team that includes a social worker, foster care organizations, and law enforcement, as well as doctors. […] Successful treatment of people with MSP is difficult because those with the disorder often deny there is a problem. In addition, treatment success is dependent on the person telling the truth, and people with MSP tend to be such accomplished liars that they begin to have trouble telling fact from fiction. […] Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) generally focuses on changing the thinking and behavior of the individual with the disorder (cognitive-behavioral therapy). The goal of therapy for MSP is to help the person identify the thoughts and feelings that are contributing to the behavior, and to learn to form relationships that are not associated with being ill. […] In general, MSP is a very difficult disorder to treat and often requires years of therapy and support.

• #62 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] The diagnosis and management of Munchausen syndrome are complex. It is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a psychiatrist, psychologist, primary care provider, social work, and nursing staff. […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #63 Factitious disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034

  Treatment often focuses on managing the condition and making people better able to function, rather than trying to cure it. Treatment generally includes: Having a primary healthcare professional. Using one healthcare professional to oversee medical care can help manage needed care and the treatment plan. This can reduce or stop visits to many healthcare professionals that aren’t needed. […] Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, and behavior therapy may help control stress and build coping skills. Family therapy also may be suggested. Other mental health conditions, such as depression, also may be addressed. […] Medicines may be used to treat other mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety. […] If factitious disorder symptoms are severe, a short stay in a mental health hospital may be needed for safety and to create a treatment plan.

• #64 How to Deal With Someone With Munchausen Syndrome

  https://balancerehabclinic.com/factitious-disorder/

  Munchausen Syndrome Treatment […] You proactively seek treatment for many ailments if you have Munchausen syndrome, but you are usually afraid to acknowledge and seek therapy for the condition itself. This complicates treating this illness, and the prognosis for recovery is bleak. It may be beneficial if caregivers can prevent you from self-harm and teach you about the potential effects. Its also a good idea to try to limit your care to just one or two doctors who work closely together (internist or psychiatrist, for instance). […] When seeking treatment, the first step is to change your behavior and limit your need for healthcare resources. […] Psychotherapy is the most common treatment for Munchausen syndrome (a type of counseling). The focus of treatment will be on improving your mindset and behavior (cognitive-behavioral therapy). Family therapy may also be beneficial in educating your close members of the family about Munchausen Syndrome. Group therapy may help you feel less alone or as if no one cares about you. Antidepressants and antipsychotic medicines arent known to assist.

• #65 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP) Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/munchausen-syndrome-proxy-msbp/

  How is MSBP treated? Child protective services, law enforcement, and doctors are all involved in treatment for MSBP. Caregivers who have this condition need long-term counseling. They may resist treatment or deny that there is a problem. Medicines are used only when the caregiver has another health problem, such as anxiety disorder, along with MSBP. […] Even after treatment, caregivers may repeat their behavior. So doctors, counselors, and family members need to closely watch how the caregiver interacts with their children. […] If a child has a caregiver with MSBP, the first step is to move the child into safe custody. Then a doctor will monitor the child for symptoms. Most of the time, the child’s symptoms stop after the child is away from the caregiver. Some children need counseling or other help.

• #66 Munchausen Syndrome: Mental Disorder, Symptoms, Test & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/munchausen_syndrome/article_em.htm

  Are Treatments Successful for Munchausen Syndrome? Can You Die from It? People with Munchausen syndrome are rarely treated successfully. They are reluctant to seek treatment for the psychological problem and are generally unwilling to undergo psychiatric treatment. The self-inflicted illnesses and injuries of people with Munchausen syndrome can cause serious consequences. These individuals often undergo several unnecessary surgeries throughout their lifetime.

• #67 Münchhausen’s Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/munchhausens-syndrome

  When the diagnosis is suspected it is important to strike a balance between exclusion of serious disease and feeding the pathological needs. […] Psychiatric treatment may be helpful but often patients discharge themselves from hospital once their presenting condition has received attention or they change GPs if confronted in primary care. Offers of psychiatric treatment are often rejected, but if childhood trauma has been unearthed, cognitive behavioural therapy directed towards this aspect may be acceptable. […] Patients with comorbid depression may be helped by non-addictive medication such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant but no medication has been found to make a significant difference to the behaviour of Mnchhausen’s syndrome patients.

• #68 Munchausen Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25371

  The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the instigator for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] The standard therapy for all patients with suspected Munchausen is psychotherapy, though most patients refuse. It is not necessary for the patient to admit to their factitious disorder and, in fact, most patients rarely do. In certain cases, it may be helpful to target cognitive-behavioral therapy toward childhood trauma that could be the precipitating and perpetuating factor for the disorder. It has also been concluded that various medical interventions such as anti-depressants and/or anti-psychotics showed no benefit in the disorder. […] […] It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #69 Factitious disorders – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/695

  Systematic evidence for directing treatment is lacking. […] Treatment algorithm […] ACUTE […] suspected factitious disorder

• #70 SciELO Brazil – Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a narrative review Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a narrative review

  https://www.scielo.br/j/eins/a/wPQGR7K6kRfx9vQwGkrw56B/

  In general, treatment for factitious disorder is not based on controlled and randomized studies. In 2008 a systematic review on factitious disorders, which included 32 case reports and 13 case series, showed insufficient evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of any management technique for factitious disorders, including psychotherapy, drug treatment, behavioral therapy and multidisciplinary techniques. […] So far, no biologic or psychological therapy has shown efficacy based on reviews and empiric reports of clinicians with experience on this field. No comparative analyses have been carried out between different types of therapeutic approach, although a number of techniques have been described, such as psychodynamic and behavioral techniques. […] Some authors stated that involuntary psychiatric hospitalization has been used for patients who put himself/herself at risk and who cannot be treated on an outpatient unit. Such approach is need because most patients, although willing to assume the position of an ill person or put others in this position, do not recognize themselves as having mental disorder, they often do not adhere to treatment, and sometimes run away from their hometown to try to be admitted in another health service by reporting previous clinical features he/she had produced intentionally. Treatment of these patients is extremely difficult; presents very low rates of adherence, poor prognosis; and few cases have improvements. It should be emphasized that most of the treatments reported in case studies or literature reviews were conducted in hospital settings, with few weeks or months of treatment, which could be an important bias in these studies.

• #71 Munchausen syndrome | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/munchausen-syndrome

  Treatment aims to manage rather than cure the condition, but is rarely successful. […] Treatment options may include: […] Medications to treat associated mental health illnesses such as depression or anxiety. Unfortunately, a person with Munchausen syndrome may misuse prescription drugs to provoke symptoms for further medical intervention. […] Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) may help to change the persons beliefs and actions. However, it is unlikely that someone with Munchausen syndrome would admit to falsifying symptoms, which can make progress difficult. Some people with Munchausen syndrome flatly refuse psychiatric help. […] Avoiding unnecessary tests and surgeries is important to reduce the risk of complications. This can be aided by encouraging the person to go to only one primary care doctor. However, a person with Munchausen syndrome is likely to move on to other doctors and start again.

• #72 Munchausen Syndrome: Mental Disorder, Symptoms, Test & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/munchausen_syndrome/article_em.htm

  Are Treatments Successful for Munchausen Syndrome? Can You Die from It? People with Munchausen syndrome are rarely treated successfully. They are reluctant to seek treatment for the psychological problem and are generally unwilling to undergo psychiatric treatment. The self-inflicted illnesses and injuries of people with Munchausen syndrome can cause serious consequences. These individuals often undergo several unnecessary surgeries throughout their lifetime.

• #73 Munchausen Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518999/

  It is paramount to consult psychiatry if a patient has suspected Munchausen disorder. […] The diagnosis and management of Munchausen syndrome are complex. It is best managed by an interprofessional team that includes a psychiatrist, psychologist, primary care provider, social work, and nursing staff. […] The overall prognosis is very poor because many of these patients also have other comorbid disorders like substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.

• #74 Munchausen’s syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/munchausens-syndrome/

  As mentioned, treating Munchausens syndrome can be very difficult as most people with the condition will refuse to admit they have a problem and will not co-operate with suggested treatment plans. […] Because of this, some experts have suggested that health professionals adopt a gentle, non-confrontational approach. So rather than directly accuse a person of lying, they may gently suggest that they have complex health needs that may benefit from a referral to a psychiatrist. Still, even with this approach, many people refuse, or simply move to another area. […] For people who do admit they have a problem, and co-operate with treatment, it may be possible to help them control the symptoms of Munchausens syndrome. […] There is no standard treatment for the condition, but a combination of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has proved relatively successful in helping people control their symptoms.

• #75 What is munchausen syndrome? | Signs, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/munchausen-syndrome/

  People with Munchausen syndrome still in close contact with their family may also benefit from having family therapy. The person with the syndrome and their close family members discuss how it has affected the family and the positive changes that can be made. […] Munchausen syndrome sufferers who have no other psychiatric illness seem to have a better chance of full recovery than those who also suffer from another mental illness. However, when a person with another psychiatric disorder gets treatment for that problem, their symptoms of Munchausen syndrome often improve as well. […] There are no medications to treat factitious disorders such as Munchausen syndrome themselves. Medication may be used, however, to treat any related illness, such as depression or anxiety. The use of medications must be carefully monitored in people with Munchausen syndrome due to the risk that the prescribed medication may be used in a harmful way by the sufferer.

• #76 The diagnosis and treatment of Munchausen’s syndrome – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12972228/

  Patients with Munchausen’s syndrome–a syndrome characterized by the intentional production of physical symptoms to gain the sick role-present a variety of challenges to health care providers. […] The most important role of the psychiatrist in the treatment of Munchausen’s syndrome is to help the primary treatment team manage the patient in the safest and most appropriate way. Such management includes avoiding unnecessary procedures, preventing further self-harm, and avoiding angry or threatening interactions with the patient. […] The prognosis for patients with Munchausen’s syndrome appears to be poor; flexible and creative approaches that emphasize consistency of care and regular outpatient psychiatric treatment have had the greatest success.

• #77 Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/munchausen-syndrome-by-proxy/

  Coordination of care between primary care providers and other specialties is key to not continue the cycle of abuse and endanger the child. Health care providers have to be cautious while confronting the abuser so as to not antagonize them. […] Victim and abuser education center on child therapy, abuser therapy, family therapy, and eventually re-unification of family as warranted. […] There has been limited research done on the outcomes of treatment options, including those that are impairment, activity or environmentally-based participation. One study has shown that family reunification was possible after psychiatric intervention in certain cases with the caveat that long-term follow-up would still be needed in order to ensure the safety of the child.

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