Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Social Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/social-anxiety-disorder

  Social anxiety disorder (formerly social phobia) is characterized by persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. […] An estimated 7.1% of U.S. adults had social anxiety disorder in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of social anxiety disorder among adults was higher for females (8.0%) than for males (6.1%). […] An estimated 12.1% of U.S. adults experience social anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with social anxiety disorder in the past year, an estimated 29.9% had serious impairment, 38.8% had moderate impairment, and 31.3% had mild impairment. […] An estimated 9.1% of adolescents had social anxiety disorder, and an estimated 1.3% had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of social anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (11.2%) than for males (7.0%).

• #2 Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11086145/

  Some anticipatory anxiety is expected on specific occasions such as giving a speech. However, some individuals have an excessive fear of such situations when they are under scrutiny, believing that their performance will cause them embarrassment or humiliation, frequently leading to deliberate avoidance of these situations. This disabling condition has been termed social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder is common, with a lifetime prevalence of 2% to 5%, but is probably underreported. […] The diagnosis of social anxiety disorder is aided by the patient’s history together with DSM-IV criteria. Research into the neurobiology of social anxiety disorder suggests a dysfunction of postsynaptic serotonin receptors and a hypersensitivity to challenge with caffeine, CO2, and pentagastrin. Neuroimaging studies suggest a dysfunction of the striatal presynaptic dopamine transporter in social anxiety disorder.

• #3 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561

  It’s normal to feel nervous in some social situations. For example, going on a date or giving a presentation may cause that feeling of butterflies in your stomach. But in social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, everyday interactions cause significant anxiety, self-consciousness and embarrassment because you fear being scrutinized or judged negatively by others. […] In contrast to everyday nervousness, social anxiety disorder includes fear, anxiety and avoidance that interfere with relationships, daily routines, work, school or other activities. Social anxiety disorder typically begins in the early to mid-teens, though it can sometimes start in younger children or in adults. […] Like many other mental health conditions, social anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors.

• #4 Social Phobia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290854-overview

  Social phobia, also called social anxiety disorder, is the third most common mental health disorder after depression and substance abuse, affecting as many as 10 million Americans. Social phobia is an anxiety disorder involving intense distress in response to public situations. […] In the United States, 9% of youth experience social phobia at some point in their lifetimea slightly lower rate than the 12.1% rate observed among US adults in the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)-Replication study. This social phobia was associated with marked levels of impairment and persistence. […] The lifetime prevalence of social phobia is estimated at 7%12%. […] Social phobia often goes undiagnosed in patients with other coexisting acute psychiatric conditions such as depression or suicidality but should not be overlooked, as it can contribute to a lack of symptom remission. In some situations, social phobia may be the root cause of depressive or suicidal symptoms.

• #5 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJMH/6/2/11332

  Social phobia even though being a common psychiatric disorder is still under recognized and under treated. […] We study prevalence, severity, disability and quality of life with respect to social phobia among university students in India. […] Social phobia was found in 19.5% of participants, in varied degrees of severity and correlated with various faculties in university, resulting in significant disability in work, social life, and family life, as well as impairment in quality of life. […] Social phobia is the most common anxiety disorder and the third most common psychiatric disorder, after major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence. […] Lifetime prevalence estimates for social phobia vary greatly and range from 0.4 to 20.4 % in different studies. […] Among the more well know epidemiological studies, the Epidemiological Catchment Area Survey in 1991 suggests a lifetime prevalence of social phobia at 2.73%.

• #6 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. […] SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions.

• #7 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Social-Anxiety-Epidemiology.aspx

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia is common in the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of 25% in adults. It presents as a fear of any situations in which interactions with other people are required. SAD is said to be the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the world. […] Epidemiological studies in the USA report that about 7% of the population is affected by social anxiety at any time, and the lifetime risk of the disorder is around 13%. SAD rates among the South American populations are similar to those of the USA, whereas Korea, China, and Japan show extremely low rates of 0.6%, 0.2%, and 0.8% respectively. Generally, high rates of SAD are found in Russia. […] The prevailing SAD rates in other Western countries are similar to those in the USA. […] A survey carried out in 2001-2002 in the USA showed that the following categories of people were more likely to have SAD: youth, people from a low-income group, native Americans.

• #8 Phobic Disorders: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-overview

  Collectively, phobic disorders (including social anxiety disorder [social phobia], specific phobia, and agoraphobia) are the most common forms of psychiatric illness, surpassing the rates of mood disorders and substance abuse. […] Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) – 7%. […] Social anxiety disorder appears to be less common in much of the world than it is in the United States, with 12-month prevalence estimates clustering in the range of 0.5-2.0%; median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%. […] The 12-month prevalence estimates for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents are comparable to those in adults. […] The phobic disorders appear to have a higher incidence among women. Higher rates of social anxiety disorder are found in females in the general population (with female-to-male ratios ranging from 1.5:1 to 2.2:1). […] The prevalence of social anxiety disorder in the United States is higher in American Indians and lower in persons of Asian, Latino, African American, and Afro-Caribbean descent as compared with non-Hispanic white individuals.

• #9 Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia | Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-spanish-journal-psychiatry-mental-health-250-articulo-epidemiology-social-phobia-in-andalusia-S188898912100118X

  Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia […] Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample. […] Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95% CI=0.8-1.4). […] Among this large Andalusian population sample, the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had previously reported such a strong association with paranoia. […] Social phobia, which is now denominated social anxiety disorder (SAD), is characterized by the presence of fear or intense anxiety in one or more social situations in which an individual may be exposed to examination by other people.

• #10 Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia | Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-spanish-journal-psychiatry-mental-health-250-articulo-epidemiology-social-phobia-in-andalusia-S188898912100118X

  Few epidemiological studies of SAD have been performed in Spain, while more specifically none have been conducted in Andalusia. […] The lifetime prevalence of social phobia is now estimated to stand at (% [SD]) 4.0% (0.1), at 2.4% (0.1) in the last 12 months and at 1.3% (0.0) in the last month. […] The different risk factors associated with SAD include sociodemographic factors such as female sex, adolescence, high per capita income, a history of traumatic events during childhood, few social skills, alterations in social cognition and absenteeism from school. […] Up to 70%-80% of patients with SAD have other comorbid mental disorders, especially depression, psychotic disorders and substance abuse. […] The prevalence of SAD in Andalusia amounts to 1.1%, which is similar to the levels reported in other international studies. The chief risk factors associated with SAD are a younger age, social adversity and the presence of high levels of paranoia.

• #11

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2023/65120/nationally_representative_epidemiological_study_of.10.aspx

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also termed as social phobia, is a disabling psychiatric condition with limited epidemiological research on it in India. This study, using data from the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), 2016, is the first to explore its current prevalence and associated factors in India. […] The study found a 0.47% prevalence of SAD, with an average age of 35.68 years (standard deviation (SD) = 15.23) among those affected. […] A considerable portion of India’s population (approximately 65 lakhs) is affected by SAD. […] The current prevalence of SAD in India stands at approximately 0.47%. Notably, individuals residing in urban metropolitan areas exhibit a higher susceptibility to this condition. […] The intriguing discovery of an increased likelihood of SAD among males demands more rigorous scientific exploration.

• #12 Social anxiety disorder (Social phobia) – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/anxiety/types-of-anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder

  Social anxiety disorder (also called social phobia) is when you experience intense anxiety about social situations or performing in front of others. […] If you have social anxiety disorder you’re not alone: around 11 per cent of Australians experience social anxiety during their lifetime; around 7 per cent experience social anxiety in any 12-month period. […] Research shows that the most effective treatments for social anxiety are: cognitive behaviour therapy, behaviour therapy (including exposure therapy), antidepressant medication for severe social anxiety. […] Social anxiety can run in the family, in part because of a possible genetic predisposition.

• #13 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder

  Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, substance use, and other psychological conflicts. […] The National Comorbidity Survey of over 8,000 American correspondents in 1994 revealed 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 7.9 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively; this makes it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder after depression and alcohol use disorder, and the most common of the anxiety disorders. […] According to US epidemiological data from the National Institute of Mental Health, social phobia affects 15 million adult Americans in any given year.

• #14 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder

  The mean onset of social phobia is 10 to 13 years. […] Social anxiety disorder occurs more often in females than males. […] The prevalence of social phobia appears to be increasing among white, married, and well-educated individuals. […] Surveys carried out in 2002 show the youth of England, Scotland, and Wales have a prevalence rate of 0.4 percent, 1.8 percent, and 0.6 percent, respectively. […] In Australia, social phobia is the 8th and 5th leading disease or illness for males and females between 15 and 24 years of age as of 2003. […] Because of the difficulty in separating social phobia from poor social skills or shyness, some studies have a large range of prevalence.

• #15 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  Combined with the fact that many people never get their social anxiety disorder diagnosed, its likely that the number of people with social anxiety disorder is much higher than currently on record. […] Jeffries and Ungar (2020) conducted a self-reported study of nearly 7,000 individuals, aged 16-29, across seven countries selected for their cultural and economic diversity: Brazil, China, Indonesia, Russia, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. […] They found that 36% of participants met the threshold for social anxiety disorder. […] Despite previous research showing the U.S. had a 12% lifetime prevalence rate of SAD in 2005, just fifteen years later Jeffries and Ungar found that participants in the U.S. reported the highest rate of this disorder – nearly 58%. […] According to their findings, 18% of those interviewed claimed that they did not have SAD, but still exceeded the threshold needed to qualify.

• #15 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  Notably, recent studies have found that the number of people meeting this criteria/who do have social anxiety disorder has been steadily increasing. […] Approximately 15 million adults in the United States are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder every year, totaling about 7.1% of the population. […] As staggering as that number is, its likely that the number of individuals afflicted with social anxiety disorder is even higher than the number of those officially diagnosed. […] According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (2022), in most cases of social anxiety disorder, the individual began experiencing symptoms when they were only around 13 years old. […] Furthermore, 36% of those who have social anxiety disorder report that they experienced symptoms for ten years or more before seeking help.

• #16 Social Phobia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290854-overview

  Social phobia is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders; in one study, 60% of children with social phobia had another disorder (generally an anxiety disorder); 10% had generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or specific phobia. […] Social phobia can also be comorbid with autistic spectrum disorder. Longstanding social phobia increases the lifetime risk of depression later in adulthood, potentially leading to an increased risk of substance abuse, including alcoholism. […] Social phobia occurs in many cultures. Persons of Asian descent in North America may not receive treatment as early in the course of the disorder as persons of European descent. […] In the general population, more females than males develop social phobia, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.52:1; however, in clinical samples, cases involving males are more prevalent. […] Social phobia typically manifests in middle childhood, at approximately age 10 years.

• #17 Pulsenotes | Social anxiety disorder

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/social-anxiety-disorder

  In social anxiety disorder, the fear of social situations is overwhelming and disproportionate. […] It is estimated that up to 15% of adults may have social anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] Studies have shown that 8-15% of adults will have social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. […] Social anxiety disorder more commonly affects women than men. […] There is significant comorbidity between social anxiety disorder and other mental health problems including depression (19%) and substance use disorder (17%). […] The DSM-V refers to a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, whereas the ICD-11 refers to social phobia. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder.

• #18 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJMH/6/2/11332

  Also, estimates of more than 8,000 individuals from the National Comorbidity Survey in 1994, suggests the lifetime prevalence of social phobia at 13.3%. […] There is paucity of information on the epidemiology of this disorder in the developing world, especially among university students. […] A cross-sectional survey of students at the University of Ibadan (Nigeria) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) revealed a prevalence of social phobia at 8.5%. […] Another study of 523 Swedish University students with the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire (SPSQ) reported prevalence to be as high as 16.1%. […] In India, there has been only one study on social phobia (among high school adolescents) which mentions a prevalence of 12.8% and also an association with impairment in academic functioning.

• #19 Prevalence and Associated Factors of Social Phobia Among College of Health Science Students, Mettu Town, Southwest Ethiopia 2019; Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

  https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/373/FULLTEXT/

  Social phobia or social anxiety disorder is a serious and disabling mental health problem that begins before or during adolescence, and is associated with significant impairment in social functioning. It was the most prevalent anxiety disorder to seek psychiatric help, leading to an underestimation of the problem. […] The prevalence of social phobia in the current study was 16.4%. Of 336 total study participants, 16.4% showed positive for social phobia; female sex, previous history of chronic physical illness, current use of tobacco were found to be independent predictors of social phobia among college students. […] Social phobia among college students was significantly higher than studies conducted in different settings. Early detection and availing appropriate management in the college students may be of great importance in reducing the prevalence of this common disorder.

• #20 Internet Scientific Publications

  https://ispub.com/IJMH/6/2/11332

  Social phobia even though being a common psychiatric disorder, is under recognized and under treated. […] Disability in diverse functional areas and impaired quality of life are the two important domains of consequences of social phobia. […] The present study studies social phobia and its impact in undergraduate students (young adults) of various faculties of a University in India. […] The prevalence of social phobia varies widely among different countries. […] In this study, social phobia was found in 19.5% of subjects, much more than other studies among university students. […] Prevalence rates may vary widely because of overlapping symptoms with other disorders. […] In community epidemiological surveys, the prevalence of social phobia depends heavily on where the diagnostic threshold is set, ranging from 1.9% to 18.7%.

• #21 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. […] Nevertheless, most of the available data on the epidemiology of SAD originate from high income countries in the West. […] Few data have systematically addressed the 30-day prevalence of SAD (which is important in establishing the prevalence at a particular point in time), whether age of onset and persistence vary across a range of different countries, whether impairment associated with SAD differs from place to place, and whether SAD treatment differs across the globe. […] SAD is associated with substantial impairment in multiple domains of role functioning in the WMH data and with a mean number of days out of work of 24.7 (1.8) in the past year.

• #22 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561

  Several factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including family history, negative experiences, temperament, new social or work demands, and having an appearance or condition that draws attention. […] Left untreated, social anxiety disorder can control your life. Anxieties can interfere with work, school, relationships or enjoyment of life. This disorder can cause low self-esteem, trouble being assertive, negative self-talk, hypersensitivity to criticism, poor social skills, isolation and difficult social relationships, low academic and employment achievement, substance abuse, and suicide or suicide attempts. […] Other anxiety disorders and certain other mental health disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and substance abuse problems, often occur with social anxiety disorder.

• #23 Social Anxiety Disorder | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617170/all/Social_Anxiety_Disorder?q=venlafaxine

  Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is a psychological condition with developmental and genetic underpinnings. The disorder is characterized by marked and persistent fear of social situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others. […] Approximately 7% of youths suffer from social anxiety disorder. The prevalence is somewhat higher in girls than in boys. Subclinical social anxiety symptoms are much more common and are distinguished by the degree of functional impairment and cultural context.

• #24 Social Anxiety Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-phobia

  Social anxiety disorder sometimes known as social phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes anxiety or fear in social settings. […] According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), around 15 million American adults have social anxiety disorder. It often starts during the teenage years. […] According to the ADAA, over one-third of people with social anxiety dont seek help until they have had symptoms for at least 10 years. […] Without treatment, social phobia can affect achievement at work and in studies, social interaction, relationships, self-esteem, and quality of life. […] Up to 90% of people have another condition alongside social anxiety, such as depression, alcohol misuse, or thinking about or attempting suicide. […] Counseling therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication can help many people cope with social anxiety and other mental health issues.

• #25 Developmental Epidemiology of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia in Adolescents | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_3

  Remission is rare, posing affected youth at risk for secondary complications such as depressive and substance use disorders and somatic conditions. […] Risk factors that have been implicated in the development of SAD include deficits in social skills and negative peer status, as well as family-related factors such as parental psychopathology, heritability estimates and temperament, anxiogenic parenting, and transmission of interpretation bias. […] Future studies may benefit from such a family-oriented perspective to depict the divergent developmental sequence, to provide a comprehensive model in promoting epidemiological understanding of SAD, and to delineate targeted prevention and early interventions.

• #25 Developmental Epidemiology of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia in Adolescents | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_3

  This chapter reports on the prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and social fears in Western and non-Western countries, onset and course characteristics, mental and physical comorbidities, as well as risk factor constellations based on findings from clinical and population-based samples in children, adolescents, and adults. […] SAD represents one of the most common mental disorders: About one-fifth of the population reports unreasonably strong social fears, ranging from pervasive shyness to more or less isolated social fears; another 13 % of the population meets the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder at some point in their life. […] Childhood and adolescence have emerged as developmentally sensitive time windows for first onset, with considerable persistence but also substantial fluctuations in symptom severity around the diagnostic threshold up to adulthood.

• #26 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  Among those with 12-month SAD, the percentage reporting treatment of any kind (i.e., specialty mental health, general medical care, health care, human services, complementary and alternative medicine, non-health care) in the past 12 months differs significantly by impairment, with 38% receiving any treatment. […] The data indicate that across the world, SAD is a prevalent condition that is characterized by early age of onset, as well as disorder and episode persistence.

• #27 Social Anxiety Disorder – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/social-anxiety-disorder

  Social anxiety disorder affects about 2.8% of people in a given year, with a lifetime prevalence of about 5% (1). […] These rates appear to be higher in the United States. […] Most patients with social anxiety disorder recognize that their fears are unreasonable and excessive. […] Fear must involve a negative evaluation by others (eg, that patients will be humiliated, embarrassed, or rejected or will offend others). […] The fear, anxiety, and/or avoidance cause significant distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning. […] As with other anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder varies in severity and waxes and wanes over time. […] However, there are multiple therapeutic options available for patients (1). […] SSRIs and benzodiazepines are also effective for social anxiety, although benzodiazepines may be physically addictive and may also impair thinking and memory (1).

• #28 Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11086145/

  Clear guidelines for the management of social anxiety disorder, including both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, are yet to be established. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show the most promise for the future, while cognitive-behavioral therapy may also be helpful. In the meantime, physicians should treat social anxiety disorder promptly and aggressively.

• #29 Treatment of social phobia | Advances in Psychiatric Treatment | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-psychiatric-treatment/article/treatment-of-social-phobia/C14381FCAF92BA6E5BD08A820AB33484

  Alcohol and other substances are commonly used in social phobia, but such usage might result in a self-fulfilling prophecy as patients may indeed make fools of themselves after excessive alcohol consumption. […] The treatment of choice in social phobia is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). […] About 50% of patients relapse on discontinuation of an SSRI and treatment is therefore continued for a minimum of 12 months. […] The full response may occur after up to 12 weeks. […] Only one trial has compared later versions of CBT with an SSRI, and it found CBT to be superior to fluoxetine.

• #30 Social Anxiety Disorder: Symptoms, Tests, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22709-social-anxiety

  If left untreated, social anxiety disorder can be debilitating and can result in poor education outcomes, declining job performance, lower-quality relationships and an overall decreased quality of life. A large percentage of people who have social anxiety disorder and don’t get treatment can develop major depression and/or alcohol use disorder. […] Social anxiety disorder is highly treatable with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or medication such as antidepressants (typically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors also known as SSRIs or beta-blockers). […] Evidence has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and medications like antidepressants are very successful in treating and managing social anxiety disorder. Treatment can help you drastically lessen or overcome your symptoms and anxiety in social situations.

• #31 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Digital Biomarkers of Social Anxiety Severity: Digital Phenotyping Using Passive Smartphone Sensors

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/5/e16875/

  Social anxiety disorder is a highly prevalent and burdensome condition. […] Social anxiety symptoms are frequently underreported and underrecognized, creating a barrier to the accurate assessment of these symptoms. […] Social anxiety disorder (SAD) affects approximately 13% of Americans. […] SAD has a high socioeconomic cost, as it is associated with increased risk of school dropout, reduced productivity in the workplace, and lower quality of life. […] Individuals with SAD symptoms are also at increased risk for developing depressive disorders, with comorbidity rates estimated between 30% and 70% in clinical and community samples. […] Studies estimate that only 35% of individuals who meet clinical criteria receive treatment. […] Thus, a sizable proportion of individuals who are struggling with SAD symptoms and could benefit from intervention go unaided.

• #32 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Digital Biomarkers of Social Anxiety Severity: Digital Phenotyping Using Passive Smartphone Sensors

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/5/e16875/

  Currently, much of our understanding of the occurrence and presentation of SAD symptomatology is based on dispositional measures that have limited ecological validity. […] There is a great need for novel methodologies to improve our understanding and ability to identify individuals who may be vulnerable to developing this debilitating condition. […] Despite the promise of offering a better understanding of the contextual factors related to SAD symptom severity, most of the current research to date has not examined whether symptom severity can be accurately predicted utilizing only sensor data. […] This investigation is necessary to assess the utility of smartphone sensor data as a stand-alone predictive tool. […] To date, few researchers have investigated the out-of-sample accuracy of predicting social anxiety from these passive sensors.

• #33 Journal of Medical Internet Research – Digital Biomarkers of Social Anxiety Severity: Digital Phenotyping Using Passive Smartphone Sensors

  https://www.jmir.org/2020/5/e16875/

  The results suggested that there was a strong correlation between predicted and observed social anxiety symptom severity. […] Supporting our hypothesis, the bounds of the 95% CI suggested that the strength of the correlation was above 0.5. […] The predicted SAD symptom severity would show discriminant validity, evidenced by significantly higher correlations between the observed and predicted SAD symptom severity, compared with correlations with measures of affect. […] Taken together, our study extends recent efforts to utilize passive smartphone sensor data to improve the field’s ability to detect nuanced behavioral indicators of problematic pathology. […] This is especially important for individuals with social anxiety, given that the occurrence of these symptoms is more frequent than is typically reported.

• #34 Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1115/p2311.html

  Social phobia is a highly prevalent yet often overlooked psychiatric disorder that can cause severe disability but fortunately has shown responsiveness to specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. […] Recent epidemiologic studies report that social phobia has a lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3 percent and a one-year prevalence rate of 7.9 percent in community samples, making it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder, following substance abuse and depression. […] Onset of social phobia typically occurs between 11 and 19 years of age. […] Untreated, social phobia is chronic and unremitting. […] Approximately 85 percent of patients with the disorder experience academic and occupational difficulties caused by their inability to meet the social demands of securing and maintaining employment or relationships.

• #35 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  This statistic highlights the prevalence of SAD and how people may be experiencing it, but dont recognize it, or view themselves as someone who does not have it. […] There is no simple answer for whats causing social anxiety disorder to increase in prevalence the way it has been, as dozens of factors are at play. […] One of the most prominent among these is the rise of social media. […] The recent pandemic has also contributed to the growing prevalence of SAD. […] While there is no one clearly defined profile for the type of person who will develop social anxiety disorder, research has found that certain demographics have a higher likelihood of developing this disorder than others. […] Jefferies Ungar (2020) note that those who are unemployed, have lower educational levels, and/or live in rural areas are more-likely to present with SAD.

• #36 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  Conversely, the prevalence rates of social anxiety disorder are the lowest in low-income countries, and the highest in high-income countries, despite the fact that its more common in individuals who are unemployed and have lower educational levels. […] However, possibly the clearest trend in the increase in prevalence of social anxiety disorder is age. […] On average, younger demographics, such as children and teens, are more likely to meet the benchmark for social anxiety disorder than older adults. […] Jefferies Ungar (2020) found that 90% of new cases of social anxiety were reported to have occurred by the time the individual reached 23 years old. […] In most cases, social anxiety disorder is treated through talk therapy, medication, or a combination of the two. […] Most commonly, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is used as the primary method of treatment. […] Although it isnt a quick-fix solution, CBT is considered to be the most effective treatment option for those with social anxiety disorder.

• #37 Social Phobia Screener (SOPHS) | ANU National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health

  https://nceph.anu.edu.au/research/tools-resources/social-phobia-screener-sophs

  The Social Phobia Screener (SOPHS) is a brief assessment tool for identifying symptoms of social anxiety disorder. It aids in early detection and intervention, enhancing mental health support and treatment. […] This scale is designed to screen individuals in the community for presence of social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) and severity of social phobia symptoms. […] The SOPHS has been validated in a community-based sample of young Australians aged 18-30 (n = 12292), with accuracy compared to diagnostic interview (social phobia caseness on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) in a subsample of 1687 with elevated anxiety symptoms. […] The SOPHS had 78% sensitivity and 72% specificity, comparable to the 17-item Social Phobia Inventory (88% sensitivity, 58% specificity) and the 3-item Mini-SPIN (74% sensitivity, 73% specificity). […] The mean severity score within the population-based sample of young people was 2.6 (sd = 3.7). Scores were significantly higher for females and younger adults.

• #38 Prevalence and Associated Factors of Social Phobia Among College of Health Science Students, Mettu Town, Southwest Ethiopia 2019; Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study

  https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/373/FULLTEXT/

  Social phobia is highly prevalent among college students and students are dropping out because of this illness; waiting lists at the counseling center are increasing. […] The pressures of the university system may have any significant impact on their social phobia. […] The finding of the current study showed that the prevalence of social phobia among health science college students in Mettu town was 16.4%. The finding was in line with studies carried out in Swedish college where the prevalence of social phobia was 16.1%. […] However, it was higher than the study performed by the European Study of Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, revealing the prevalence of social phobia within the last twelve months and over a lifetime, 1.7% and 4.7% respectively. […] The variation might be in the previous study, the study was conducted at the national level. But the current study was conducted only in one college.

• #39 The Neural Correlates of Social Anxiety Disorder and Response to Pharmacotherapy | Neuropsychopharmacology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/1301053

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD), often referred to as social phobia, is characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations associated with being observed or evaluated by others or a fear of embarrassing oneself. Epidemiological surveys indicate that SAD represents one of the most common psychiatric disorders with 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 6.8 and 12.1%, respectively (Kessler et al, 2005a, 2005b). […] In spite of the fact that SAD is associated with severe impairments in social, occupational and family functioning, it has been widely neglected by affected individuals and health-care professionals (Katzelnick et al, 2001; Liebowitz et al, 1985; Weiller et al, 1996). Recent studies estimate that only 5% or less of individuals with SAD seek help from a mental health professional (Schneier et al, 1992; Davidson et al, 1993). […] SAD therefore represents a major public health problem due to its prevalence, morbidity, role as a risk factor, and chronic and neglected nature.

• #40 Social Phobia and Its Impact on Quality of Life Among Regular Undergra | AHMT

  https://www.dovepress.com/social-phobia-and-its-impact-on-quality-of-life-among-regular-undergra-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-AHMT

  It is generally estimated that 13% of the population will meet the diagnostic criteria for lifetime social phobia with onset typically occurring in adolescence or early adulthood. […] After major depression disorder and alcohol dependence, social anxiety disorder is the third most common disorder in the general population and it is also the most prevalent anxiety disorder. […] In Ethiopia, research conducted on prevalence of social phobia among high school students in Woldia, Gondar and Hawassa was 27.5%, 31.2%, 32.8%. […] Evidence showed that social phobia was associated with substance use, low socioeconomic status, unemployment, low level of education, and social support. […] The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of social phobia among university students, its correlate, and impacts on quality of life. […] The current study shows high prevalence of social phobia among the university students and its significant negative effects on quality of life.

• #41 Quality of Life and Clinical Correlates in Adults with Social Phobia: A Scoping Review

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/17/PAGE/224/FULLTEXT/

  In light of the substantial clinical and societal burden of social phobia (SP) and impact on the sense of well-being of affected individuals, we sought to summarise extant data related to quality of life and relevant correlates in adults with SP to distill clinical profiles for earlier identification and appropriate management. […] A total of 25 papers were included. Most of the studies (92%) were cross sectional in nature (80%), conducted in the West (92%), and within clinic or community settings (88%). Patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions, and undergraduate students reported higher rates of SP compared with community population. Significant correlates of SP included demographic (such as females, younger age, living alone, fewer years of education, unemployment) and clinical factors (such as family history of anxiety disorders, suicidal ideas, avoidant personality features). SP was widely associated with decreased QoL involving several domains and especially related to complexity, greater number of feared or trigger situations, and comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions.

• #42 Quality of Life and Clinical Correlates in Adults with Social Phobia: A Scoping Review

  https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/17/PAGE/224/FULLTEXT/

  The prevalence of SP varied from 2.1-7.1% amongst the community population, 12.7-17% amongst patients with psychiatric comorbidity and up to 37.6% amongst undergraduates. Second, correlates of SP included demographic (such as females, younger age, living alone, fewer years of education, unemployment) and clinical factors (such as family history of anxiety disorders, suicidal ideas, avoidant personality features). Third, SP was widely associated with decreased QoL involving several domains and especially related to complexity, greater number of feared or trigger situations, and comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions.

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