Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Varicocele – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/mens-health/varicocele/

  A varicocele affects only the left testicle in 90 per cent of cases. In 10 per cent of cases, both testicles are affected. It is rare to have a varicocele on the right testicle alone. […] Usually the varicocele causes no symptoms, apart from a swelling on the outside of the testicle that may be more noticeable when standing. It is sometimes described as feeling like a bag of worms. […] Occasionally it may cause an aching discomfort or a feeling of fullness in the testicle. The discomfort may be worse after standing for a long time, and may feel better when you lie down. […] Men who are experiencing discomfort or fertility problems associated with a varicocele may need treatment with a procedure to correct the varicocele. Treating a varicocele can help improve the chances of pregnancy in couples with otherwise unexplained fertility problems.

• #2 Varicocele – Carolina Urology Partners

  https://carolinaurology.com/condition/varicocele/

  A varicocele refers to one or more enlarged veins in the scrotum, the loose pouch of skin that contains the testicles. Similar to a varicose vein in the leg, varicoceles are caused by a defect in one or more valves that help the blood to flow upwards. The defective valve causes blood to pool, making the vein swell. Affecting about 20% of men aged 15 to 25, varicoceles usually develop above the left testicle and occasionally in both testicles. […] While a varicocele often causes no symptoms, it is the most common cause of sperm production problems that can lead to male infertility. Some 40% of infertile men have a varicocele and about 80% of those who have already fathered a child but are now infertile have one. […] Most varicoceles do not cause symptoms and often go unnoticed until a physical exam or a fertility work-up. Symptoms may include: Aching or feeling of heaviness in the testicle, especially after standing for a long time; Atrophy (shrinkage) of the testicle; Infertility; Visible or palpable enlarged veins that may look like “a bag of worms”; A mass in the scrotum. […] Doctors suspect that varicoceles can cause infertility in some men by raising the temperature in the testes, which may damage or destroy sperm. However, many men with varicoceles do not have fertility problems. […] Varicoceles may raise testicular temperature, affecting sperm quality.

• #3 Varicocele Complications and Their Symptoms | Treat Varicocele azura-logo-white

  https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infovaricocele/varicocele-complications-and-symptoms/

  By now, you may know that you have a varicocele, which is a varicose vein in the scrotum. Unless you’ve done your research or spoken with your physician, you may not know that there are complications resulting from varicoceles. Without treatment, these varicocele complications can have long-term effects on infertility and testosterone levels and may cause testicular atrophy. […] You may not be aware that up to 85% of men with a varicocele have no symptoms. Having no symptoms doesn’t mean you will not experience varicocele related complications. A better understanding of varicocele complications may motivate you to seek medical advice from your physician and then take action to find the right treatment for you. […] Doctors now believe infertility or low fertility can be one of the varicocele related complications men may experience. Varicoceles have been found to cause problems for men wanting to father a child. In fact, four out of 10 men experiencing male factor infertility have a varicocele.

• #4 Varicocele: Varicose Veins in Testicles – Symptoms, Treatment – Urology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/urology/conditions-treated/male-conditions/varicocele-symptoms-treatment-diagnosis

  Because a varicocele rarely produces symptoms, it is not uncommon for a man not to be aware that he has one unless it causes problems with fertility or is noticed during a routine physical exam. […] When varicocele symptoms do occur, they tend to be felt as a dull ache or feeling of heaviness in the testicle, which gets worse during the day, particularly in hot weather or after physical exertion. The dilated veins in the scrotum can often be felt or seen, and the testicle is smaller on the varicocele side. […] Varicocele treatment is generally necessary only for infertility, or if the varicocele causes persistent pain or discomfort (even after attempting non-surgical varicocele treatment such as anti-inflammatory medications and wearing snug underwear or a jock strap) or significant testicular atrophy.

• #5 Varicocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771

  Varicoceles usually form during puberty and develop over time. They may cause some discomfort or pain, but they often result in no symptoms or complications. […] A varicocele usually occurs on the left side of the scrotum and often produces no signs or symptoms. Possible signs and symptoms may include: […] A dull, aching pain or discomfort is more likely when standing or late in the day. Lying down often relieves pain. […] If a varicocele is large enough, a mass like a „bag of worms” may be visible above the testicle. A smaller varicocele may be too small to see but noticeable by touch. […] The affected testicle may be noticeably smaller than the other testicle. […] A varicocele may lead to difficulty fathering a child, but not all varicoceles cause infertility. […] For boys going through puberty, a varicocele may inhibit testicle growth, hormone production, and other factors related to the health and function of the testicle. For men, a varicocele may result in gradual shrinkage due to tissue loss. […] A varicocele doesn’t necessarily cause infertility. An estimated 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with a varicocele experience difficulty fathering a child. Among men with fertility problems, about 40% have a varicocele.

• #6 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15239-varicocele

  Varicoceles usually cause mild symptoms, including scrotal swelling or aching pain in your testicle. They may not cause any symptoms at all. […] Varicoceles are usually painless but can sometimes cause testicular pain, which may come and go. In some people, a varicocele may cause infertility. […] Varicoceles usually don’t have any symptoms. However, you may notice: Dull testicular pain or aching in your scrotum, which often gets better when you lie down. Swelling in your testicles or scrotum. Shrinking in your testicles (testicular atrophy). Inability to achieve pregnancy after at least a year of trying (infertility). A small lump above your affected testicle. […] Larger varicoceles may feel or look like a bag of worms or spaghetti. They may cause mild discomfort, aches or pains. […] Yes, varicoceles can affect fertility. Varicoceles can contribute to about 40% of all cases of male infertility. However, many people with varicoceles have no problems achieving pregnancy.

• #7 The 5 Must-Know Signs and Symptoms of Varicocele

  https://blog.nbir.com.au/the-5-must-know-signs-and-symptoms-of-varicocele

  A varicocele is a collection of swollen veins in the scrotum. It is a common condition, occurring in about 25% of young men, and usually causes only minor symptoms. In some men, however, a varicocele is associated with more severe pain which can be troublesome and interfere with normal activities. […] Varicoceles can also be associated with reduced fertility and are therefore commoner in those men suffering from fertility problems. […] When it comes to identifying varicoceles, start by looking for the following symptoms: 1. A Dull Ache in the Testicles – this is a common sign to watch for since you also feel it. Its common amongst sufferers to experience more pain later in the day, or after exercising. Some men have also describe a dragging sensation in their testicle. In rare cases you may feel a sharp, acute pain described as a stabbing pain.

• #8 Varicocele – Urologist in Syracuse, NY, BPH, ED, Prostate Cancer Treatment

  https://www.ampofny.com/varicocele/

  Varicoceles can cause discomfort in the scrotum often described as heaviness or dragging sensation. Pain may feel congestive or like a toothache. The pain is generally mild to moderate. Discomfort gets worse with long periods of sitting, standing or physical activity. The pain is typically relieved by lying down. […] With time, varicoceles may enlarge and become more noticeable. Varicocele can impair sperm production and cause infertility. Men trying to start a family or men who may want to start a family in the future, may benefit from varicocele treatment.

• #9 Varicocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771

  Varicoceles usually form during puberty and develop over time. They may cause some discomfort or pain, but they often result in no symptoms or complications. […] A varicocele usually occurs on the left side of the scrotum and often produces no signs or symptoms. Possible signs and symptoms may include: […] A dull, aching pain or discomfort is more likely when standing or late in the day. Lying down often relieves pain. […] If a varicocele is large enough, a mass like a „bag of worms” may be visible above the testicle. A smaller varicocele may be too small to see but noticeable by touch. […] The affected testicle may be noticeably smaller than the other testicle. […] A varicocele may lead to difficulty fathering a child, but not all varicoceles cause infertility. […] For boys going through puberty, a varicocele may inhibit testicle growth, hormone production, and other factors related to the health and function of the testicle. For men, a varicocele may result in gradual shrinkage due to tissue loss. […] A varicocele doesn’t necessarily cause infertility. An estimated 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with a varicocele experience difficulty fathering a child. Among men with fertility problems, about 40% have a varicocele.

• #10 The Top 9 Symptoms of a Varicocele | Azura Vascular Care azura-logo-white

  https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infovaricocele/symptoms-of-a-varicocele/

  A varicocele is a group of enlarged veins in your scrotum, the pouch of skin that holds your testicles in place. Varicoceles are usually the result of incompetent or faulty valves in the veins in your scrotum. Often, they cause no symptoms at all. However, if you do have any varicocele symptoms, they’ll fall into one of three groups. […] Usually, if you experience any symptoms of a varicocele they will be in one of the following categories: The look and feel of your scrotum, Pain in the groin or scrotum caused by your varicocele, Systemic problems such as male factor infertility and low testosterone levels. […] While varicocele pain is not common, it can occur, especially as the varicocele becomes larger. Pain will typically take on the following characteristics. […] It’s clear that some varicocele symptoms are more serious than others. For example, low sperm and testosterone production can be quite serious for men who are trying to start or grow their family. Other symptoms of a varicocele, however, are more aesthetic, such as a lump on your scrotum that feels and looks like a bag of worms.

• #11

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/varicoceles

  Typically, varicoceles cause mild symptoms, including swelling of the scrotum and pain in the testicles. You may not notice any symptoms. If a varicocele causes significant discomfort or affects fertility, medical treatment may be considered. […] Varicoceles often do not cause any symptoms, especially in mild cases. However, when symptoms do occur, they might include: Dull pain or discomfort, A visible swelling or lump in the scrotum, Aching or throbbing in the scrotum, Infertility. […] It’s important to note that many varicoceles are asymptomatic and might be discovered incidentally during a physical exam. If you suspect you have a varicocele or are experiencing any symptoms in the scrotum, contact your provider to schedule an appointment.

• #12

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/varicoceles

  Usually, varicoceles cause mild symptoms like swelling of the scrotum and testicular pain, though you might not experience any noticeable signs. […] However, when varicocele symptoms do occur, they might include: A visible swelling or lump in the scrotum, Aching or throbbing in the scrotum, Infertility, Discomfort or dull pain. […] Many people never show any symptoms of varicoceles, especially in mild cases. Because they can be asymptomatic, most people aren’t aware they have varicoceles until a doctor discovers them during a physical exam. […] If you suspect you have a varicocele or are experiencing any symptoms in the scrotum, contact your provider to schedule an appointment. […] Most varicoceles go away with proper treatment. However, larger varicoceles may cause complications such as low testosterone and infertility. Low testosterone may shrink the size of the testicles, reduce sex drive, cause depression and decrease muscle mass.

• #13 Varicocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771

  Varicoceles usually form during puberty and develop over time. They may cause some discomfort or pain, but they often result in no symptoms or complications. […] A varicocele usually occurs on the left side of the scrotum and often produces no signs or symptoms. Possible signs and symptoms may include: […] A dull, aching pain or discomfort is more likely when standing or late in the day. Lying down often relieves pain. […] If a varicocele is large enough, a mass like a „bag of worms” may be visible above the testicle. A smaller varicocele may be too small to see but noticeable by touch. […] The affected testicle may be noticeably smaller than the other testicle. […] A varicocele may lead to difficulty fathering a child, but not all varicoceles cause infertility. […] For boys going through puberty, a varicocele may inhibit testicle growth, hormone production, and other factors related to the health and function of the testicle. For men, a varicocele may result in gradual shrinkage due to tissue loss. […] A varicocele doesn’t necessarily cause infertility. An estimated 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with a varicocele experience difficulty fathering a child. Among men with fertility problems, about 40% have a varicocele.

• #14 Varicocele Male Infertility: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/sections/ir/advanced-services/varicocele

  A varicocele is a varicose vein of the testicle and scrotum that may cause pain, testicular atrophy (shrinkage) or fertility problems. […] Pain: aching pain when an individual has been standing or sitting for long periods of time and pressure builds up on the affected veins. Typically, painful varicoceles are prominent in size. […] Fertility Problems: There is an association between varicoceles and infertility. The incidence of varicocele increases to 30 percent in infertile couples. Decreased sperm count, decreased motility of sperm, and an increase in the number of deformed sperm are related to varicoceles. Some experts believe that blocked and enlarged veins around the testes, called varicoceles, cause infertility by raising the temperature in the scrotum and decreasing sperm production. […] Testicular Atrophy: Shrinking of the testicles is another sign of varicoceles. Often, once the testicle is repaired it will return to normal size.

• #15 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  While untreated varicoceles may progress, they infrequently cause pain, although this is reported in 2% to 10% of varicocele patients. Suggested mechanisms for such pain include increased testicular temperatures, higher venous pressure, oxidative stress, hormonal imbalances, reflux of toxic metabolites from the kidneys or adrenals, hypoxia, or possible stretching of nerve fibers in the spermatic cords from the dilated varicocele complex. Orchialgia associated with varicoceles is typically described as aching, dull, or throbbing but rarely can be acute, sharp, or stabbing. […] It is thought that large varicoceles may eventually cause testicular failure, ultimately resulting in lower hormonal production, oligospermia, and testicular atrophy. Varicoceles can also decrease sperm nuclear DNA integrity, which has been linked to reduced sperm motility, viability, counts, and abnormal morphology.

• #16 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/men/what-is-varicocele

  Varicoceles rarely hurt. You may not even know you have one until you or the doctor sees it. Symptoms could include a mass in your scrotum and testicles that are different in size. […] If your varicocele does cause pain, it might: Switch from dull to sharp, Get worse when you stand or exert yourself, especially for a long time, Become more intense as the day goes on, Go away when you lie on your back. […] You may also have problems getting your partner pregnant. Varicoceles are one of the most common causes of infertility in men and people assigned male at birth. Treating your varicocele should improve your sperm and help with infertility issues.

• #17 Varicocele (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/varicocele.html

  In most cases, guys have no symptoms at all. A guy might not even be aware that he has a varicocele. When symptoms do happen, it’s usually during hot weather, after heavy exercise, or when a guy has been standing or sitting for a long time. […] Signs include: a dull ache in the testicle(s), a feeling of heaviness or dragging in the scrotum, dilated veins in the scrotum that can be felt (described as feeling like worms or spaghetti), discomfort in the testicle or on that particular side of the scrotum, the testicle is smaller on the side where the dilated veins are (due to difference in blood flow).

• #18 Pillar | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/pillar/varicocele-types-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-treatment

  Varicocele is a condition where the veins in the scrotum, aka pampiniform venous plexus become enlarged. This enlargement happens when the valves within these veins do not work as they should, causing blood to pool and the veins to dilate. Varicocele is a common condition, affecting about 10% to 15% of men worldwide. In India, the prevalence of varicocele is higher, with studies suggesting that it affects approximately 20% to 25% of men in the country. […] All varicoceles may not cause apparent symptoms. Many varicoceles are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during routine physical examinations or fertility evaluations. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary in severity and may include the following: Visible or palpable lump: Varicocele often presents as a lump or swelling in the scrotum. This lump occurs due to the enlarged and dilated veins (characteristic of the varicocele). It may develop anywhere but mainly grows above the testicle. It may be more noticeable while standing or straining. It may feel like a cluster of worms or a bag of soft, squishy tubes. Scrotal discomfort or pain: Varicocele can cause discomfort or pain in the scrotum area. A person may experience pain as a dull ache or heaviness in the affected area. The discomfort may vary in intensity, ranging from mild to moderate. Numerous factors, such as prolonged standing, physical exertion, or hot weather, can exacerbate the pain. On the other hand, lying down or supporting the scrotum with a jockstrap or similar supportive garment may provide relief. Testicular atrophy (shrinkage): In some cases, varicocele can lead to testicular atrophy, which is the reduction of the size of the affected testicle. This testicle shrinkage occurs due to increased pressure and impaired blood flow in the affected veins. Testicular atrophy can be associated with infertility or changes in the size and shape of the testicle. However, testicular atrophy is not present in all individuals with varicocele. Fertility issues: Varicocele can sometimes impact fertility. It may affect sperm quality or quantity due to increased temperature in the testicles and impaired blood flow. Some individuals with varicocele may experience difficulty in conceiving with their partner. According to many studies, not all varicoceles lead to fertility problems. Many individuals with varicocele may live normally and can give birth to a child.

• #19 Varicocele embolisation for enlarged veins in the testicles – Overview | Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/varicocele-embolisation

  You are most likely to be aware of a varicocele when standing. This is because the affected veins can fill with blood as a result of gravity. […] Often, varicoceles cause no symptoms and are harmless. Sometimes, they can cause an ache or discomfort in the scrotum. […] There is debate about if varicoceles are linked to infertility (being unable to conceive children).

• #20 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | HayatMedTour

  https://hayatmedtour.com/Blog/varicocele-causes-symptoms-and-diagnosis/

  Varicocele usually has no symptoms and is often not diagnosed until examinations and tests are performed. However, a varicocele may worsen over time and cause the following symptoms: […] Varicocele often has no symptoms and does not cause any problems. But in some cases, varicocele can reduce the quality of sperm and cause fertility problems. In addition, the disruption of blood supply to the testicles can gradually shrink the testicle affected by varicocele. […] Varicocele usually appears during puberty and may become larger and more noticeable over time. […] Varicocele may affect testosterone and LH hormone levels. […] Male infertility is one of the most serious complications of varicocele. This condition causes infertility in men by reducing the number and movement of sperm, changing the shape of sperm, and damaging sperm DNA. So about 40% of men who have primary infertility problems have varicocele. In addition, the prevalence of varicocele in men with secondary infertility is about 70%.

• #21 Varicoceles | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/v/varicoceles

  Varicoceles are large, twisted veins that drain blood from the testicles. They are much like varicose veins of the leg. Most often, they occur after puberty on the left side of the scrotum. Once a varicocele is present, it will not go away on its own. […] Most people with varicoceles have no symptoms. Some do feel pain. The pain can vary from a dull, heavy discomfort to a sharp pain. The pain may increase with sitting, standing or strenuous activity. It usually resolves when lying flat on the back. […] The testicle on the side with the varicocele may be smaller in size than the one on the opposite side. The affected testicle may not grow well and may not produce good sperm when it is time. The scrotum (sac) may appear swollen. […] Varicoceles vary in size and may become larger and more visible as time passes.

• #22 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  A varicocele is a common medical condition characterized by abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus, which drains blood from each testicle. The result is often a complex network of swollen vessels. Varicoceles are classified as small, medium, and large. While many individuals with varicoceles may remain asymptomatic, these varicose-like veins can lead to various issues, including discomfort, testicular atrophy, and impaired fertility. Varicoceles are clinically significant because they are the most commonly identified cause of abnormal semen analysis, low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. […] Varicoceles occur in approximately 15% to 20% of all males but are found in about 40% of infertile males. It is unclear exactly how a varicocele impairs the production, structure, and function of sperm, although there are several theories. The association between clinically significant varicoceles and male infertility is undeniable.

• #23 Varicocele Grading – Pristyn Care

  https://www.pristyncare.com/blog/varicocele-grading/

  A varicocele is a medical condition that affects the veins in your scrotum. Much like varicose veins you might see in your legs, varicoceles are enlarged veins that can occur within the loose bag of skin that houses your testicles. These are not just simple swellings, but a meshwork of blood vessels gone haywire. They are quite common and can be found in about 15 out of 100 men, generally forming during puberty. […] The treatment for varicoceles depends on the symptoms, the grade of the varicocele, and whether there are any complications such as infertility or testicular atrophy. […] In the case of a Grade III varicocele, due to its large size and potential for causing discomfort or fertility issues, surgical intervention is usually recommended. […] The complication risks increase with the grade of the varicocele. The highest risk is associated with a Grade 3 varicocele, which may lead to fertility issues, chronic discomfort or even testicular atrophy (shrinkage).

• #24 Varicocele Grading – Pristyn Care

  https://www.pristyncare.com/blog/varicocele-grading/

  Symptoms of a high-grade (grade 3) varicocele may include visible or palpable enlarged veins, scrotal swelling, discomfort or even pain in the affected area. […] Yes, even a low-grade (grade 1) varicocele can potentially cause infertility by affecting sperm production, quality and/or function. However, not all low-grade varicoceles lead to fertility issues. […] Yes, a varicocele can progress over time, meaning its grade can increase. However, this doesn’t occur in every case, and regular check-ups with your doctor can help monitor any changes.

• #25 Varicocele Progression – How Fast Does Varicocele Progress???if | Practo Consult

  https://www.practo.com/consult/varicocele-progression-how-fast-does-varicocele-progress-if-someone-has-grade-1-varicocele-then-in-how-much-time-will/q

  Progression of varicocele and it’s effect on sperm quality are two different things. […] All grade 1 varicocele do not necessarily go on to grade 3 or 4, as a matter of fact mostly they do not progress. […] And grade 1 varicocele do not affect fertility much.

• #26 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/varicocele

  A varicocele can result in decreased sperm production and quality, which in some cases can lead to infertility. It can also shrink the testicles. […] Varicoceles often cause no signs or symptoms and don’t usually require treatment. […] But if the varicocele is large, your testicles are too small, your sperm count is low, or you and your partner are having difficulty getting pregnant, your doctor may recommend treatment. […] Infertility is a common complication of a varicocele.

• #27 Varicocele | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/varicocele

  If you have pain or notice a lump in your scrotum, its important to see your doctor. […] Your doctor may suggest treatment if: your varicocele is painful or uncomfortable, the varicocele is making one testicle smaller than the other, you have fertility problems. […] A varicocele can cause complications, including: reduced growth of a testicle in teenagers, reduced testosterone production from the affected testicle, problems with fertility.

• #28 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | HayatMedTour

  https://hayatmedtour.com/Blog/varicocele-causes-symptoms-and-diagnosis/

  Varicocele usually has no symptoms and is often not diagnosed until examinations and tests are performed. However, a varicocele may worsen over time and cause the following symptoms: […] Varicocele often has no symptoms and does not cause any problems. But in some cases, varicocele can reduce the quality of sperm and cause fertility problems. In addition, the disruption of blood supply to the testicles can gradually shrink the testicle affected by varicocele. […] Varicocele usually appears during puberty and may become larger and more noticeable over time. […] Varicocele may affect testosterone and LH hormone levels. […] Male infertility is one of the most serious complications of varicocele. This condition causes infertility in men by reducing the number and movement of sperm, changing the shape of sperm, and damaging sperm DNA. So about 40% of men who have primary infertility problems have varicocele. In addition, the prevalence of varicocele in men with secondary infertility is about 70%.

• #29 Treatment for enlarged scrotum veins – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/enlarged-scrotum-veins

  Not all varicoceles cause infertility. It’s estimated that 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with varicoceles have difficulties fathering a child. About 40% of men with fertility problems have a varicocele. […] Varicoceles can affect fertility because they can affect the temperature of the testicle. Sperm production is most efficient at a lower temperature, about 4 degrees lower than the average body temperature. This is why the scrotum and testicles are outside the body cavity. Pooling blood in a varicocele can heat the testicles above the optimal temperature, leading to lower sperm counts. Similarly, men with fertility challenges are told to avoid hot tubs and saunas. The cooler testicle temperatures are more conducive to a high sperm count. […] Most varicoceles develop slowly over time. Talk with your health care team if you have concerns about testicular pain or fertility, or if you have a sudden onset varicocele, as it could be a sign of other health conditions.

• #30 Varicoceles: Treatment, surgery, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221051

  Research published in 2016 found that, out of 7,035 healthy young men who were surveyed from 1996 to 2010, 15.7 percent had varicoceles. Those with varicoceles also had poorer semen quality. […] Sperm production is most efficient at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature. […] A varicocele can lead to testicular atrophy, or shrinkage. Sperm-producing tubules make up the bulk of the testicle. If they are damaged, the testicle might become smaller and softer. […] As the cells react to the increase in pressure, a change in hormones can result. There may be higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). This hormone is present in both men and women, but it is higher in women. There may also be normal-to-subnormal levels of testosterone.

• #31 Varicocele Complications and Their Symptoms | Treat Varicocele azura-logo-white

  https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infovaricocele/varicocele-complications-and-symptoms/

  Doctors believe a varicocele can cause low testosterone in some men. Testosterone is the primary male hormone produced in the testicles. When the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, men can experience a number of symptoms. […] Varicocele symptoms caused by low testosterone production are numerous and include: Sexual dysfunction, or inability to get an erection; Low libido, or sex drive; Depressed mood; Tiredness; Lack of motivation; Sleep problems; Concentration issues; Decreased ability to exercise; Sudden sweating or flushed face; Moodiness; Decreased muscle mass. […] A varicocele can damage the testicle to the point that it shrinks. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why a varicocele causes testicles to atrophy, but they think the pooling blood in the affected veins can increase pressure, in turn increasing exposure to toxins, which could result in damage to the testicle.

• #32 Varicocele Complications and Their Symptoms | Treat Varicocele azura-logo-white

  https://www.azuravascularcare.com/infovaricocele/varicocele-complications-and-symptoms/

  Doctors believe a varicocele can cause low testosterone in some men. Testosterone is the primary male hormone produced in the testicles. When the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, men can experience a number of symptoms. […] Varicocele symptoms caused by low testosterone production are numerous and include: Sexual dysfunction, or inability to get an erection; Low libido, or sex drive; Depressed mood; Tiredness; Lack of motivation; Sleep problems; Concentration issues; Decreased ability to exercise; Sudden sweating or flushed face; Moodiness; Decreased muscle mass. […] A varicocele can damage the testicle to the point that it shrinks. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why a varicocele causes testicles to atrophy, but they think the pooling blood in the affected veins can increase pressure, in turn increasing exposure to toxins, which could result in damage to the testicle.

• #33

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/varicoceles

  Usually, varicoceles cause mild symptoms like swelling of the scrotum and testicular pain, though you might not experience any noticeable signs. […] However, when varicocele symptoms do occur, they might include: A visible swelling or lump in the scrotum, Aching or throbbing in the scrotum, Infertility, Discomfort or dull pain. […] Many people never show any symptoms of varicoceles, especially in mild cases. Because they can be asymptomatic, most people aren’t aware they have varicoceles until a doctor discovers them during a physical exam. […] If you suspect you have a varicocele or are experiencing any symptoms in the scrotum, contact your provider to schedule an appointment. […] Most varicoceles go away with proper treatment. However, larger varicoceles may cause complications such as low testosterone and infertility. Low testosterone may shrink the size of the testicles, reduce sex drive, cause depression and decrease muscle mass.

• #34 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  A varicocele is a common medical condition characterized by abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus, which drains blood from each testicle. The result is often a complex network of swollen vessels. Varicoceles are classified as small, medium, and large. While many individuals with varicoceles may remain asymptomatic, these varicose-like veins can lead to various issues, including discomfort, testicular atrophy, and impaired fertility. Varicoceles are clinically significant because they are the most commonly identified cause of abnormal semen analysis, low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. […] Varicoceles occur in approximately 15% to 20% of all males but are found in about 40% of infertile males. It is unclear exactly how a varicocele impairs the production, structure, and function of sperm, although there are several theories. The association between clinically significant varicoceles and male infertility is undeniable.

• #35 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  A varicocele is a common medical condition characterized by abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus, which drains blood from each testicle. The result is often a complex network of swollen vessels. Varicoceles are classified as small, medium, and large. While many individuals with varicoceles may remain asymptomatic, these varicose-like veins can lead to various issues, including discomfort, testicular atrophy, and impaired fertility. Varicoceles are clinically significant because they are the most commonly identified cause of abnormal semen analysis, low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. […] Varicoceles occur in approximately 15% to 20% of all males but are found in about 40% of infertile males. It is unclear exactly how a varicocele impairs the production, structure, and function of sperm, although there are several theories. The association between clinically significant varicoceles and male infertility is undeniable.

• #36 Varicoceles: Treatment, surgery, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221051

  Varicoceles rarely cause pain, but if they do, the pain will probably: […] Varicoceles will often go unnoticed, but a physician may notice them during a medical examination. […] However, the individual should see a doctor if they notice: any change in the size, shape, or appearance of the testes, a lump, fertility problems, swelling in the scrotum, veins that show as unusually large or twisted. […] Infertility is the most serious complication that can occur. It probably happens because the increased amount of blood in the region raises the temperature of the testicles. […] Between 35 and 44 percent of men with primary infertility have varicoceles. Primary infertility is when a couple have not successfully conceived after 12 months of trying. […] Varicoceles affect 45 to 81 percent of men with secondary infertility. This is when a couple has been able to conceive at least once but are no longer able to.

• #37 Varicocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771

  Varicoceles usually form during puberty and develop over time. They may cause some discomfort or pain, but they often result in no symptoms or complications. […] A varicocele usually occurs on the left side of the scrotum and often produces no signs or symptoms. Possible signs and symptoms may include: […] A dull, aching pain or discomfort is more likely when standing or late in the day. Lying down often relieves pain. […] If a varicocele is large enough, a mass like a „bag of worms” may be visible above the testicle. A smaller varicocele may be too small to see but noticeable by touch. […] The affected testicle may be noticeably smaller than the other testicle. […] A varicocele may lead to difficulty fathering a child, but not all varicoceles cause infertility. […] For boys going through puberty, a varicocele may inhibit testicle growth, hormone production, and other factors related to the health and function of the testicle. For men, a varicocele may result in gradual shrinkage due to tissue loss. […] A varicocele doesn’t necessarily cause infertility. An estimated 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with a varicocele experience difficulty fathering a child. Among men with fertility problems, about 40% have a varicocele.

• #38 Varicocele | Tennessee | Urology Associates P.C.

  https://www.urologynashville.com/conditions/for-men/varicocele/

  A varicocele is enlarged veins in the scrotum, the loose pouch of skin that contains the testicles. […] Symptoms may include: Aching or feeling of heaviness in the testicle, especially after standing for a long time. Atrophy (shrinkage) of the testicle. Visible or palpable enlarged veins that may look like a bag of worms. Infertility. A mass in the scrotum. […] Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility and the most common cause of sperm production problems that can lead to male infertility. Some 40% of infertile men have a varicocele and about 80% of those who have already fathered a child but are now infertile, have one. Doctors suspect that varicoceles can cause infertility in some men by raising the temperature in the testes, which may damage or destroy sperm.

• #39 Treatment for enlarged scrotum veins – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/enlarged-scrotum-veins

  Not all varicoceles cause infertility. It’s estimated that 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with varicoceles have difficulties fathering a child. About 40% of men with fertility problems have a varicocele. […] Varicoceles can affect fertility because they can affect the temperature of the testicle. Sperm production is most efficient at a lower temperature, about 4 degrees lower than the average body temperature. This is why the scrotum and testicles are outside the body cavity. Pooling blood in a varicocele can heat the testicles above the optimal temperature, leading to lower sperm counts. Similarly, men with fertility challenges are told to avoid hot tubs and saunas. The cooler testicle temperatures are more conducive to a high sperm count. […] Most varicoceles develop slowly over time. Talk with your health care team if you have concerns about testicular pain or fertility, or if you have a sudden onset varicocele, as it could be a sign of other health conditions.

• #40 Varicocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20378771

  Varicoceles usually form during puberty and develop over time. They may cause some discomfort or pain, but they often result in no symptoms or complications. […] A varicocele usually occurs on the left side of the scrotum and often produces no signs or symptoms. Possible signs and symptoms may include: […] A dull, aching pain or discomfort is more likely when standing or late in the day. Lying down often relieves pain. […] If a varicocele is large enough, a mass like a „bag of worms” may be visible above the testicle. A smaller varicocele may be too small to see but noticeable by touch. […] The affected testicle may be noticeably smaller than the other testicle. […] A varicocele may lead to difficulty fathering a child, but not all varicoceles cause infertility. […] For boys going through puberty, a varicocele may inhibit testicle growth, hormone production, and other factors related to the health and function of the testicle. For men, a varicocele may result in gradual shrinkage due to tissue loss. […] A varicocele doesn’t necessarily cause infertility. An estimated 10% to 20% of men diagnosed with a varicocele experience difficulty fathering a child. Among men with fertility problems, about 40% have a varicocele.

• #41 Varicocele – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378772

  A varicocele often doesn’t need to be treated. For a man experiencing infertility, surgery to correct the varicocele may be a part of the fertility treatment plan. […] For teenagers or young adults generally those not seeking fertility treatment a health care provider may suggest annual checkups to monitor any changes. Surgery might be recommended in the following situations: […] A testicle that shows delayed development […] Low sperm count or other sperm irregularities (usually only tested in adults) […] Chronic pain not managed by pain medication. […] The balance between the benefits and risks of surgery shifts if the treatment is only for pain management. While varicoceles may cause pain, most do not. A person with a varicocele may have testicular pain, but the pain may be caused by something else an unknown or not yet identified cause. When varicocele surgery is done primarily to treat pain, there is a risk that the pain may worsen, or the nature of the pain may change.

• #42 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Varicocele | Prof.Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

  https://dreminozbek.com/en/frequently-asked-questions-and-answers-about-varicocele/

  Testicular atrophy, which develops due to every varicocele disease, does not improve with surgery. This is related to age. If varicocele-related atrophy has developed before the age of 18, this situation can be corrected with surgery. If varicocele has testicular atrophy and the patient has been operated after the age of 18, this atrophy does not improve. […] There are many reasons for premature ejaculation. It has been reported in scientific studies that varicocele can cause premature ejaculation. […] The testicles have two important functions: producing sperm and making Testosterone. Over time, testicular atrophy develops due to varicocele and if there is testicular damage (atrophy), these patients may have erection problems. […] Yes, azoospermia due to varicocele (no sperm can be seen in the spermiogram) can be seen. This condition is more common in long-term and high-grade (G-2.3) patients. […] Varicocele is not a dangerous disease. It does not turn into cancer. It does not adversely affect human health. It only causes problems such as infertility and erectile dysfunction.

• #43 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Varicocele | Prof.Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

  https://dreminozbek.com/en/frequently-asked-questions-and-answers-about-varicocele/

  Testicular atrophy, which develops due to every varicocele disease, does not improve with surgery. This is related to age. If varicocele-related atrophy has developed before the age of 18, this situation can be corrected with surgery. If varicocele has testicular atrophy and the patient has been operated after the age of 18, this atrophy does not improve. […] There are many reasons for premature ejaculation. It has been reported in scientific studies that varicocele can cause premature ejaculation. […] The testicles have two important functions: producing sperm and making Testosterone. Over time, testicular atrophy develops due to varicocele and if there is testicular damage (atrophy), these patients may have erection problems. […] Yes, azoospermia due to varicocele (no sperm can be seen in the spermiogram) can be seen. This condition is more common in long-term and high-grade (G-2.3) patients. […] Varicocele is not a dangerous disease. It does not turn into cancer. It does not adversely affect human health. It only causes problems such as infertility and erectile dysfunction.

• #44 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  The prognosis of a varicocele is quite good. If the varicocele is causing pain, this can be relieved with surgical repair. Improvement in semen parameters is generally noted in infertile men with abnormal semen parameters and clinically significant varicoceles. Varicocelectomy procedures for large varicoceles in adolescents with a small testis can allow testicular catch-up growth and help prevent future infertility. Asymptomatic varicoceles in fertile men with normal testosterone levels do not need treatment and appear to cause no adverse effects. […] Complications of surgery include scrotal hematomas, hydroceles, infection, scrotal tissue damage, wound infections, and arterial injury to the testis that may result in atrophy of the testis or even loss of the testicle.

• #45 Varicocele Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/varicocele

  Most of the time, varicoceles develop slowly. They are more common in men ages 15 to 25 and are most often seen on the left side of the scrotum. […] Symptoms include: Enlarged, twisted veins in the scrotum, Dull ache or discomfort, Painless testicle lump, scrotal swelling, or bulge in the scrotum, Possible problems with fertility or decreased sperm count. Some men do not have symptoms. […] A varicocele is often harmless and often does not need to be treated, unless there is a change in the size of your testicle or a problem with fertility. If you have surgery, your sperm count will likely increase and it may improve your fertility. In most cases, testicular wasting (atrophy) does not improve unless surgery is done early in adolescence. […] Infertility is a complication of varicocele.

• #46 Varicocele Microsurgery | Schedule Varicocelectomy Surgery with UH Surgeons & Doctors in Northeast Ohio | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/urology-services/conditions-and-treatments/mens-sexual-health/varicocele-repair

  Veins in the scrotum are enlarged and visible (similar to varicose veins in the legs) and can feel like a bag of worms by your testicle. […] Dull, recurring ache and heaviness in the scrotal area. […] A lump or swelling in the testicle(s) with or without pain. […] One testicle significantly larger than the other. […] Some men will not have any of these signs or symptoms and have a varicocele found only on an ultrasound. If a varicocele is present, even without symptoms, it still may affect fertility. […] Varicocele repair can improve pain, sperm counts, sperm motility (the ability of your sperm to move) and the quality of your sperm.

• #47 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  The prognosis of a varicocele is quite good. If the varicocele is causing pain, this can be relieved with surgical repair. Improvement in semen parameters is generally noted in infertile men with abnormal semen parameters and clinically significant varicoceles. Varicocelectomy procedures for large varicoceles in adolescents with a small testis can allow testicular catch-up growth and help prevent future infertility. Asymptomatic varicoceles in fertile men with normal testosterone levels do not need treatment and appear to cause no adverse effects. […] Complications of surgery include scrotal hematomas, hydroceles, infection, scrotal tissue damage, wound infections, and arterial injury to the testis that may result in atrophy of the testis or even loss of the testicle.

• #48 How we Treat Varicocele Symptoms – Vascular Institute of Virginia

  https://vavascularinstitute.com/how-we-treat-varicocele-symptoms/

  Varicocele symptoms include: […] Pain. A varicocele may cause aching pain when one sits or stands for an extended period. Either position can increase the pressure in the vein. The aching could also worsen with heavy lifting. […] Fertility issues. Varicoceles have been named as a contributing factor to male infertility. However, research does also show that it can be difficult to pinpoint this condition as a primary cause. Some of the ways that fertility may be affected by a varicocele include decreased sperm count, increased number of deformed sperm, and a decrease in sperm motility. While more research is needed, it is believed that varicoceles may contribute to these problems by increasing the temperature of the testicles, where sperm are produced. Studies have shown that 50 to 70 percent of men with coinciding fertility problems and a varicocele see significant improvement in sperm quantity and quality after varicocele repair. […] Testicular atrophy. Varicoceles may lead to the shrinkage of the affected testicle. When the varicocele is repaired, there is a good chance that the smaller testicle will return to normal size.

• #49 Varicocele – FV Hospital

  https://www.fvhospital.com/learn-more/varicocele/

  It will take several months after surgery before improvements in sperm quality can be seen with a semen analysis. This is because it takes approximately 3 to 4 months for new sperm to develop. […] Majority of males with varicocele will not have problems. One out of 5 males with varicocele will experience difficulty fathering children. […] Treatment of teens depends on each case. Its of great value to talk about choices with an urologist or paediatric urologist. […] As a rule, varicoceles with no symptoms are not repaired. Most urologists do not believe these varicoceles cause health problems if not treated. […] Supporting the scrotum with a jockstrap or briefs-style underwear can help varicocele pain. Lying on your back helps the varicocele drain, and often eases pain. […] Semen analyses are often done 3 to 4 months after the procedure. Semen quality often improves within 6 months, but it may also take as long as a year.

• #50 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/varicocele

  A varicocele can result in decreased sperm production and quality, which in some cases can lead to infertility. It can also shrink the testicles. […] Varicoceles often cause no signs or symptoms and don’t usually require treatment. […] But if the varicocele is large, your testicles are too small, your sperm count is low, or you and your partner are having difficulty getting pregnant, your doctor may recommend treatment. […] Infertility is a common complication of a varicocele.

• #51 Varicocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448113/

  The prognosis of a varicocele is quite good. If the varicocele is causing pain, this can be relieved with surgical repair. Improvement in semen parameters is generally noted in infertile men with abnormal semen parameters and clinically significant varicoceles. Varicocelectomy procedures for large varicoceles in adolescents with a small testis can allow testicular catch-up growth and help prevent future infertility. Asymptomatic varicoceles in fertile men with normal testosterone levels do not need treatment and appear to cause no adverse effects. […] Complications of surgery include scrotal hematomas, hydroceles, infection, scrotal tissue damage, wound infections, and arterial injury to the testis that may result in atrophy of the testis or even loss of the testicle.

• #52 Varicocele – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378772

  A varicocele often doesn’t need to be treated. For a man experiencing infertility, surgery to correct the varicocele may be a part of the fertility treatment plan. […] For teenagers or young adults generally those not seeking fertility treatment a health care provider may suggest annual checkups to monitor any changes. Surgery might be recommended in the following situations: […] A testicle that shows delayed development […] Low sperm count or other sperm irregularities (usually only tested in adults) […] Chronic pain not managed by pain medication. […] The balance between the benefits and risks of surgery shifts if the treatment is only for pain management. While varicoceles may cause pain, most do not. A person with a varicocele may have testicular pain, but the pain may be caused by something else an unknown or not yet identified cause. When varicocele surgery is done primarily to treat pain, there is a risk that the pain may worsen, or the nature of the pain may change.

• #53 4 Signs of a Varicocele That Needs Treatment | Vascular and Interventional Radiologist & Endovascular Specialist located in Midtown, New York, NY | Yosef Golowa, MD, FSIR

  https://www.drgolowa.com/post/4-signs-of-a-varicocele-that-needs-treatment

  A varicocele is a bulging, swollen vein in your scrotum, or the skin surrounding your testicles. While varicoceles aren’t always problematic, they can cause bothersome symptoms and complications that range from uncomfortable to life-altering. […] If your semen analysis results seem normal, Dr. Golowa may recommend additional tests every 2-3 years. Abnormal results, such as unusually formed or poorly moving sperm, are a varicocele sign. […] When varicoceles lead to low sperm count, motility, or quality, you run the risk of infertility. […] Varicocele treatment can also help alleviate bothersome symptoms of varicoceles. While not everyone experiences them, varicocele symptoms may include a dull ache or heaviness in your scrotum or groin. […] If your varicocele has lowered your testosterone levels, you could experience fatigue, reduced libido, lower muscle mass, depressed moods, and erectile dysfunction (ED). Appropriate varicocele treatment can help turn these issues around.

• #54 Varicocele – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378772

  A varicocele often doesn’t need to be treated. For a man experiencing infertility, surgery to correct the varicocele may be a part of the fertility treatment plan. […] For teenagers or young adults generally those not seeking fertility treatment a health care provider may suggest annual checkups to monitor any changes. Surgery might be recommended in the following situations: […] A testicle that shows delayed development […] Low sperm count or other sperm irregularities (usually only tested in adults) […] Chronic pain not managed by pain medication. […] The balance between the benefits and risks of surgery shifts if the treatment is only for pain management. While varicoceles may cause pain, most do not. A person with a varicocele may have testicular pain, but the pain may be caused by something else an unknown or not yet identified cause. When varicocele surgery is done primarily to treat pain, there is a risk that the pain may worsen, or the nature of the pain may change.

• #55 Varicocele – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378772

  A varicocele often doesn’t need to be treated. For a man experiencing infertility, surgery to correct the varicocele may be a part of the fertility treatment plan. […] For teenagers or young adults generally those not seeking fertility treatment a health care provider may suggest annual checkups to monitor any changes. Surgery might be recommended in the following situations: […] A testicle that shows delayed development […] Low sperm count or other sperm irregularities (usually only tested in adults) […] Chronic pain not managed by pain medication. […] The balance between the benefits and risks of surgery shifts if the treatment is only for pain management. While varicoceles may cause pain, most do not. A person with a varicocele may have testicular pain, but the pain may be caused by something else an unknown or not yet identified cause. When varicocele surgery is done primarily to treat pain, there is a risk that the pain may worsen, or the nature of the pain may change.

• #56 Varicocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15239-varicocele

  Some people who have varicoceles have fertility issues. If you have concerns about your ability to have a biological child, talk to a healthcare provider. They’ll help you understand your options. […] If you have a higher-grade varicocele and don’t get treatment, it can permanently damage your testicles.

• #57 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Varicocele | Prof.Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

  https://dreminozbek.com/en/frequently-asked-questions-and-answers-about-varicocele/

  Varicocele is a disease seen in approximately 20% of young men. If left untreated, it will result in infertility in the future. […] If varicocele is not treated, serious problems can occur. These: Infertility (infertility) premature ejaculation Impotence (erection problem, erectile dysfunction, ED, erectile dysfunction) Testicular atrophy (shrinkage of the testis) Hypogonadism (hormone deficiency, testosterone deficiency) Psychological problems Chronic inguinal pain, testicular pain. […] Varicocele does not heal on its own. It progresses further over time. It progresses, especially in those who stand for a long time due to their profession. In this respect, it is not right to expect it to heal on its own. […] Yes, test atrophy, that is, testicular shrinkage occurs in varicocele patients. This rate is higher especially in patients with long-term and G-2,3 varicocele.

• #58 Varicocele: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – CK Birla Hospital

  https://www.ckbhospital.com/blogs/varicocele-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Many people with varicoceles do not experience any symptoms. However, when present, symptoms may include pain or discomfort in the testicle area (less common), low-grade fever (less common), and a general feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum (more common). […] The most common varicocele symptom is a dull ache in the testicle on the affected side. The testicular pain may worsen with prolonged standing or sitting. Other symptoms may include: A heavy or dragging feeling in the scrotum, Enlargement of the veins in the scrotum, Testicular atrophy (shrinking), Worsening fertility, Swelling in the scrotum, A weak stream of urine when you pee. […] If left untreated, the varicocele may cause infertility in men due to damage to the spermatic cord and blood vessels by persistent pressure on them. It also may lead to chronic pain, swelling and lower back pain. […] Most of the time, this condition doesn’t go away without treatment and will get worse over time. Not only do the varicose veins become more dilated, but there is an increase in the connective tissue around the veins, which does not allow them to return to their normal size.

• #59 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Varicocele | Prof.Dr. Emin ÖZBEK

  https://dreminozbek.com/en/frequently-asked-questions-and-answers-about-varicocele/

  Testicular atrophy, which develops due to every varicocele disease, does not improve with surgery. This is related to age. If varicocele-related atrophy has developed before the age of 18, this situation can be corrected with surgery. If varicocele has testicular atrophy and the patient has been operated after the age of 18, this atrophy does not improve. […] There are many reasons for premature ejaculation. It has been reported in scientific studies that varicocele can cause premature ejaculation. […] The testicles have two important functions: producing sperm and making Testosterone. Over time, testicular atrophy develops due to varicocele and if there is testicular damage (atrophy), these patients may have erection problems. […] Yes, azoospermia due to varicocele (no sperm can be seen in the spermiogram) can be seen. This condition is more common in long-term and high-grade (G-2.3) patients. […] Varicocele is not a dangerous disease. It does not turn into cancer. It does not adversely affect human health. It only causes problems such as infertility and erectile dysfunction.

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