Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Autonomic neuropathy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829

  Autonomic neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the nerves that control automatic body functions. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy. It can also be caused by other health conditions, viral or bacterial infections, or some medications. […] Many health conditions can cause autonomic neuropathy. It can also be a side effect of treatments for other diseases, such as cancer. Some common causes of autonomic neuropathy include: […] Diabetes, especially when poorly controlled, is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes can gradually cause nerve damage throughout the body. […] Autoimmune diseases, in which your immune system attacks and damages parts of your body, including your nerves. Examples include Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disease that happens rapidly and can affect autonomic nerves.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/nerve-damage-diabetic-neuropathies/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy can lead to problems with your heart rate and blood pressure, digestive system, bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, eyes, and ability to sense hypoglycemia, also called low blood glucose or low blood sugar a condition called hypoglycemia unawareness. […] Over time, high blood glucose and high levels of fats, such as triglycerides, in the blood from diabetes can damage your nerves and the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves, leading to autonomic neuropathy. […] Autonomic neuropathy can cause hypoglycemia unawareness, meaning that you don’t feel the symptoms of low blood glucose.

• #1 Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

  https://elsevier.health/en-US/preview/diabetic-autonomic-neuropathy-co

  Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic, sympathetic, or both) in a patient with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) in whom other causes of neuropathy have been excluded r1 […] Causes of diabetic autonomic neuropathy are poorly understood. Hyperglycemia, alterations in insulin signaling, and (when present) dyslipidemia result in direct cellular damage as well as induction of inflammatory cytokines and other secondary agents of cell damage r20c60c61c62c63 […] Both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways may be affected (though not necessarily proportionately), resulting in inadequate and/or imbalanced autonomic control of heart rate, cardiac contractility, vasomotor function, gastrointestinal and genitourinary smooth muscle contractility, sweat gland secretion, and pupillary constriction r2 […] Risk increases with duration of diabetes r2c70 […] Poor glycemic control is the primary risk factor in patients with type 1 diabetes r25c74 […] Poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity are risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes r25c75c76c77c78.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Causes, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy affects the autonomic neurons of either or both of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. […] Several syndromes and diseases exhibit autonomic neuropathies and there is a wide variety of clinical features and presentations. […] Autonomic neuropathies represent a complex group of disorders that preferentially target autonomic fibres and can be classified as either acute/subacute or chronic in onset: […] Acute-onset autonomic neuropathies manifest with conditions such as paraneoplastic syndromes, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Sjgren’s syndrome, infection, or toxins/chemotherapy. […] Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a disease of autonomic failure caused by ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) autoantibodies. […] Of the chronic-onset forms, diabetes is the most widespread and disabling, with autonomic impairment leading to increased mortality.

• #1 Acute autonomic neuropathies | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/acute-autonomic-neuropathies

  Acute autonomic neuropathy is an inclusive term used to describe diseases resulting from distinct etiologies but that have in common pathology of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. […] The specific clinical manifestations of acute autonomic neuropathies are dependent on the etiology of the neuropathy; however, all acute autonomic neuropathies share common clinical features. […] A viral infection, infectious mononucleosis, rubella, or Herpes simplex infection precedes the onset of acute panautonomic neuropathy in approximately 50% of subjects. […] The frequent preceding infection, as well as the acute onset and presence of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate in the epineurium of sural nerve biopsies, suggests that the etiology is likely to be immune-mediated. […] One study found a positive correlation between high levels of autoantibodies to nicotine ganglionic acetylcholine receptors and the severity of autonomic dysfunction.

• #1 Autonomic neuropathy – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20369829

  Autonomic neuropathy may also be caused by an immune system attack triggered by some cancers (paraneoplastic syndrome). […] Certain medications, including some drugs used in cancer treatment (chemotherapy). […] Some viruses and bacteria, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and those that cause botulism and Lyme disease. […] Certain inherited disorders also can cause autonomic neuropathy.

• #1 Acute autonomic neuropathies | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/acute-autonomic-neuropathies

  The most common symptom is orthostatic hypotension. […] Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy typically affects previously healthy young or middle-aged individuals and has a 2:1 female predominance. […] Low titers of G-AChR antibodies have been found in patients with mild or chronic forms of autonomic dysfunction as well as in patients with other neurologic disorders, normal patients, or those with an underlying cancer. […] Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy usually presents as a subacute panautonomic neuropathy and may be difficult to distinguish from pandysautonomic autonomic neuropathy. […] The disease may also be limited, for example, to the gastrointestinal systemparaneoplastic enteric neuropathy. […] The condition may be associated with several types of cancer including cancer of the lung (especially small cell) as well as lymphoma and cancer of the bladder and bowel. […] In some acute autonomic neuropathies, only symptomatic treatment is required.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Causes, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/autonomic-neuropathy

  Acquired light chain (AL) and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis represent two other key aetiologies, with TTR amyloidosis now amenable to newly-approved gene-modifying therapies. […] There is a long list of causes including hereditary and acquired conditions. […] The full spectrum includes: […] Causes linked with systemic diseases include: […] Diabetic autonomic neuropathies. […] Alcoholic neuropathy. […] Amyloidosis. […] Infectious causes: eg, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Lyme disease, leprosy, Chagas’ disease. […] Toxic causes: eg, vincristine, cisplatin, amiodarone, pyridoxine overdose, thallium poisoning, paclitaxel. […] immune-mediated causes: […] Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] Hereditary causes: eg, Anderson-Fabry disease, Tangier disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia (type 2b). […] The prognosis is determined by the particular cause of the autonomic neuropathy.

• #1 Autonomic neuropathy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000776.htm

  Autonomic neuropathy has a group of symptoms. It is not a specific disease. There are many causes. […] Autonomic neuropathy may be seen with: Alcohol overuse, Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), Disorders involving scarring of tissues around the nerves, Guillain Barré syndrome or other diseases that inflame nerves, HIV/AIDS, Inherited nerve disorders, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Spinal cord injury, Surgery or injury involving the nerves.

• #1 Understanding Autonomic Neuropathy: Insights into the Silent Nervous System Disorder – Momentum Medicalsend

  https://momentuminjury.com/autonomic-neuropathy/

  Excessive and chronic alcohol consumption can damage the nerves, including those in the autonomic nervous system. Alcohol-related autonomic neuropathy often develops gradually and may be irreversible if not addressed early. […] Certain infections can trigger autonomic neuropathy. These include Lyme disease, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and shingles (herpes zoster). The infections can directly damage the nerves or trigger an inflammatory response that injures the nerves. […] In some cases, autonomic neuropathy may have a genetic component. Certain inherited conditions, such as familial dysautonomia and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, can lead to autonomic dysfunction. […] Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, some antibiotics, and certain heart medications, have been linked to autonomic neuropathy as a potential side effect. Environmental exposure, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, can also damage the nerves and contribute to autonomic dysfunction.

• #1 Reversing Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/reversing-peripheral-autonomic-neuropathy-reed-dpm-dabfas-fapwca

  In addition, neuropathy can be caused from exposure to toxins (heavy metals, gold compounds, lead, arsenic, mercury, and organophosphate pesticides), cancer therapy drugs (Vincristine, Oncovin and Vincasar), and antibiotics (metronidazole, Flagyl and Isoniazid). […] Rare causes of neuropathies include neurofibromatosis, congenital neuropathies (Fabry disease, Tangier disease, hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy, and hereditary amyloidosis) and anti-cholesterol statin medications. […] Thus, Diabetic patients who have uncontrolled blood glucose that results in osmotic swelling develop peripheral and autonomic neuropathy but also are immunocompromised to fight an infection as well as take a lot longer to heal soft-tissue and bone injuries. […] For Diabetic and non-Diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, Dr. Mark Reed has been using nitroglycerin for 30+ years to treat peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. […] This arteriole vasodilatation due to the nitroglycerin reverses the oxygen tissue damage from narrowing of the arteriole lumen due to excessive glucose osmotic swelling or from unknown causes in idiopathic neuropathy.

• #1 Autonomic peripheral neuropathy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15811460/

  The autonomic neuropathies are a group of disorders in which the small, lightly myelinated and unmyelinated autonomic nerve fibres are selectively targeted. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy in more developed countries. […] Autonomic neuropathies can also occur as a result of amyloid deposition, after acute infection, as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome, and after exposure to neurotoxins including therapeutic drugs. […] Certain antibodies (eg, anti-Hu and those directed against neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) are associated with autonomic signs and symptoms. […] There are several familial autonomic neuropathies with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns of inheritance. […] Autonomic dysfunction can occur in association with specific infections.

• #1 Types of Autonomic Disorders | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/autonomic-disorders/types

  Autonomic nervous system disorders can occur alone or as the result of another disease, such as Parkinson’s disease, cancer, autoimmune diseases, alcohol abuse, or diabetes. […] Afferent baroreflex failure is an autonomic disorder that causes fluctuations in blood pressure due to a failure of the blood pressure-sensing nerves that relay information to the brain. […] The condition occurs when there is damage to the blood pressure-sensing nerves in the neck following cancer treatment, surgery, or radiation therapy. It can happen in people who have a stroke that affects the areas of the brain where blood pressure information is relayed. It can also be a result of hereditary disorders that affect the development of blood pressure-sensing nerves. […] Familial dysautonomia is a rare inherited condition that affects the development of the autonomic and sensory nervous systems.

• #1 All You Need to Know About Autonomic Neuropathy

  https://lonestarneurology.net/peripheral-neuropathy/autonomic-neuropathy-symptoms-causes/

  Exposure to certain toxins, such as heavy metals or chemotherapy drugs, leads to it. […] Some hereditary conditions, such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy, can cause autonomic neuropathy. […] Trauma to the nerves, such as surgery or injury, can cause autonomic neuropathy. […] In some cases, the cause of autonomic nervous dysfunction is unknown. So doctors call it idiopathic autonomic neuropathy.

• #1 Reversing Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/reversing-peripheral-autonomic-neuropathy-reed-dpm-dabfas-fapwca

  Autonomic Sudomotor (sweat glands) neuropathy symptoms can involve hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating, pruritus, dry skin, limb hair loss, calluses, and reddened areas. […] Autonomic Endocrine neuropathy symptoms can involve hypoglycemic unawareness. […] Autonomic Cerebral autonomic symptoms can involve sexual dysfunction, difficulty driving at night, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, loss of food taste, decreased speech frequency and cognitive memory loss. […] Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy can be caused by many other diseases and conditions as follows: Alcoholism, kidney failure, vitamin deficiency (particularly B12 and folate), shingles (post herpetic neuralgia), Fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Autoimmune diseases (Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis or Guillain-Barre syndrome), AIDS, syphilis, and inherited disorders (amyloid polyneuropathy or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

• #1

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/brain-spine-institute/brain-care-center/conditions-treatments/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy involves damage to the nerves that manage autonomic body operations, known as autonomic nerves. […] The most frequent cause of autonomic neuropathy is diabetes. However, other health conditions, such as viral or bacterial infections, or certain medications can also cause it. […] The autonomic neuropathy causes can stem from underlying medical conditions, lifestyle factors or genetic predispositions. Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy, commonly referred to as diabetic autonomic neuropathy. […] Other causes of autonomic neuropathy include: Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as lupus, Sjgren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis may result in nerve damage affecting autonomic functions. […] Infections: Conditions such as Lyme disease, HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C are examples where infections may lead to autonomic neuropathy.

• #1 What Is Autonomic Neuropathy?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/neurological-health/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy can be caused by a variety of medical disorders, and it can also happen to be a side effect of other disorders, such as cancer treatment. The following are some of the most common causes of autonomic neuropathy: […] The most prevalent cause of autonomic neuropathy known is diabetes, especially when it is poorly controlled. Diabetes can lead to nerve damage throughout the body over time. […] The immune system targets and damages components of the body, including the nerves, in autoimmune illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disease that affects the autonomic nervous system. […] Amyloidosis is an abnormal protein deposition in tissues that damages the organs and neurological system.

• #1 Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2296

  The agonistic effects of gAChR autoantibodies need further physiological investigation in the future. […] Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) can affect any organ system and present with autonomic dysfunction. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy, and diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) has a significant negative impact on the survival and quality of life in people with diabetes. […] Involvement of the ANS may occur in patients with chronic renal failure who are on hemodialysis. […] ATTR-FAP is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in the TTR gene. […] CMT is a hereditary neuropathy in which both motor and sensory functions are affected.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Definition, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that affects internal organs. Diabetes is a common cause of autonomic neuropathy. […] Nerve damage often results from diabetes. Without proper management of diabetes, chronic high blood sugar and high levels of triglycerides can damage nerves. […] While diabetes is a common cause of autonomic neuropathy, several factors can contribute to nerve damage in internal organs. Conditions that can cause autonomic neuropathy include: metabolic conditions, including diabetes or deficiency of vitamin B12; amyloidosis, an inherited condition that causes buildup of amyloid proteins in organs; autoimmune conditions that attack nerves, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and lupus; degenerative neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy; infections, such as Chagas’ disease or HIV; alcohol use, which can cause alcoholic neuropathy.

• #1 Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/1215/p732.html

  Peripheral neuropathy, a common neurologic problem encountered by family physicians, can be classified clinically by the anatomic pattern of presenting symptoms and, if indicated, by results of electrodiagnostic studies for axonal and demyelinating disease. […] Common identifiable causes include diabetes mellitus, nerve compression or injury, alcohol use, toxin exposure, hereditary diseases, and nutritional deficiencies. […] Peripheral neuropathy is idiopathic in 25% to 46% of cases. […] Peripheral neuropathy affects 25% to 50% of patients with diabetes, depending on factors such as the patient’s age, number of years with diabetes, and level of diabetes control. […] The pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy results from injury to small- or large-diameter nerve fibers. […] Small nerve fibers mediate pain, temperature, and autonomic functions.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathies – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system/autonomic-neuropathies

  Autonomic neuropathies are peripheral nerve disorders with disproportionate involvement of autonomic fibers. […] The best known autonomic neuropathies are those accompanying peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes, amyloidosis, or autoimmune disorders. […] Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is an idiopathic disorder that often develops after a viral infection; onset may be subacute. […] Other causes can include toxins, drugs, and paraneoplastic syndromes. […] Diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy is based on demonstration of autonomic failure and of a specific cause of neuropathy (eg, diabetes, amyloidosis). […] Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy may be suspected after a viral infection. […] Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy may respond to immunotherapy; plasma exchange or IV gamma-globulin can be used for more severe cases. […] Treat underlying disorders if identified; try immunotherapy if autoimmune autonomic insufficiency is diagnosed or, if symptoms are severe, plasma exchange or IV gamma-globulin.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Inherited Autonomic Neuropathies

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1173756-overview

  Autonomic neuropathies are a collection of syndromes and diseases affecting the autonomic neurons, either parasympathetic or sympathetic, or both. Autonomic neuropathies can be hereditary or acquired in nature. […] The pathophysiology of autonomic neuropathies is variable and depends upon the underlying medical conditions. We have chosen to classify the autonomic neuropathies into hereditary and acquired. The acquired autonomic neuropathies may then be subsequently subdivided into primary or secondary. […] The acquired autonomic neuropathies are much more prevalent than the inherited ones. Here, we subclassify the acquired autonomic neuropathies into primary and secondary disorders. Primary autonomic neuropathies are disorders that are idiopathic or that have autonomic neuropathy as a characteristic feature of the disease process itself. In the secondary autonomic neuropathies, an identifiable cause, such as a nutritional deficiency, may lead to autonomic neuropathy, but does not have autonomic neuropathy as a defining feature of the disease process.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathies – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders/autonomic-neuropathies

  Autonomic neuropathies are disorders affecting the peripheral nerves that automatically (without conscious effort) regulate body processes (autonomic nerves). […] Causes include diabetes, amyloidosis, autoimmune disorders, cancer, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain drugs. […] Common causes of autonomic neuropathies include diabetes, amyloidosis (accumulation of an abnormal protein in tissues), autoimmune disorders (when the immune system misinterprets the body’s tissues as foreign and produces antibodies that attack those tissues). […] Other causes of autonomic neuropathies include cancer and drugs (including alcohol in excessive amounts and toxins). […] Viral infections may trigger an autoimmune reaction that results in destruction of autonomic nerves. […] Sometimes antibodies produced by the immune system attack acetylcholine receptors (the part of nerve cells that enables them to respond to acetylcholine). Acetylcholine is one of the chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) used to communicate within the autonomic nervous system.

• #1 Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2296

  Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a disease of autonomic failure caused by ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) autoantibodies. […] The pathogeneses of these disorders include inflammatory/autoimmune, paraneoplastic, connective tissue disease-related, toxin/drug-induced, metabolic, genetic, and infectious mechanisms. […] AAG was discovered by Vernino and colleagues in 2000 to be caused by autoantibodies to the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR), prior to which the disorder was called acute pandysautonomia. […] The key to the differential diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies presenting with autonomic dysfunction is the combination of detailed history taking, a thorough assessment of the findings of the neurological examination, and comprehensive laboratory examinations.

• #1 Acute autonomic neuropathies | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/acute-autonomic-neuropathies

  Guillain-Barr syndrome is an acute, acquired, monophasic autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves. […] It has been shown that the Zika virus is associated with Guillain-Barr syndrome and in an observational study it has been shown that Guillain-Barr syndrome is the most frequent neurologic manifestation in Zika virus postnatal infection. […] The association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barr syndrome is unclear and is not supported by a large epidemiological study. […] Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is a rare form of dysautonomia that is frequently associated with elevated titers of ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (G-AChR) antibody. […] More than 50% of patients with elevated ganglionic acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies have an autonomic neuropathy symptom complex with prominent cholinergic failure consisting of xerophthalmia, xerostomia, abnormal pupillary light response, lower gastrointestinal dysautonomia, and neurogenic bladder.

• #1 Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy and Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy – Dr. Nicholas L. DePace, M.D., F.A.C.C.

  https://franklincardiovascular.com/autoimmune-autonomic-ganglionopathy-and-autoimmune-autonomic-neuropathy/

  A rare disease, Amyloidosis (AL) which affects organs in the nervous system due to build up to abnormal proteins can occur, specifically those related to light chains or a familial type related to a different type of abnormal protein called Transthyretin (hATTR). The latter is a build-up of a genetic mutation that results in a misfolded Transthyretin protein. This causes Amyloid deposits in various organs, including the heart, nerves and GI tract. When it occurs in the nerves, patients can develop Autonomic Neuropathy and Orthostatic Hypotension. […] When a person presents with symptoms of Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy, we often seek the cause. Many have had antecedent, recent viral or bacterial infections. Some may have had concussions or head trauma or a motor vehicle accident. Occasionally, we see people with severe, acutely emotional stress. Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) or Hypermobility usually develop a more gradual type of autonomic dysfunction and not an acute or subacute type. Diabetes is probably the most common cause of autonomic dysfunction and also causes gradual nerve damage throughout the body.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Inherited Autonomic Neuropathies

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1173756-overview

  Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy. Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and may have both somatic and autonomic features. […] A disorder called acute diabetic autonomic neuropathy appears as an acute pandysautonomia and may be associated with ganglionic antibodies in some patients. […] Uremic neuropathy is a primarily somatic neuropathy commonly associated with coexistent autonomic neuropathy, either symptomatic or subclinical. […] Autonomic neuropathy may occur in approximately 50% of adults with celiac disease, leading to clinical features of presyncope and postural nausea. […] Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS), or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), is an acute autoimmune somatic neuropathy commonly associated with prominent autonomic dysfunction that can lead to both morbidity and mortality.

• #1 What Is Autonomic Neuropathy?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/neurological-health/autonomic-neuropathy

  Another probable reason is an immune system attack that happens as a result of some tumors, such as paraneoplastic syndrome. […] Certain treatments, including chemotherapy for cancer and anticholinergic drugs, viruses and bacteria that cause HIV, Lyme disease and botulism, and hereditary disorders, can all be the reason behind autonomic neuropathy. […] Diabetes is the most prevalent condition that can cause it, although other nerve-related illnesses and medications also can do so. Various other options are- Spinal cord (lower back) injuries.- Surgery.- Pharmaceuticals are used to treat cancer, such as certain chemotherapy medications (a cancer treatment that includes one or more anti-cancer medications within a set chemotherapy schedule).

• #1 Understanding Autonomic Neuropathy: Insights into the Silent Nervous System Disorder – Momentum Medicalsend

  https://momentuminjury.com/autonomic-neuropathy/

  Autonomic neuropathy can affect people of any age, but it becomes more common as individuals get older. Additionally, some studies suggest that men may be at a slightly higher risk of developing autonomic neuropathy compared to women. […] Certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, celiac disease, and cancer, can increase the risk of autonomic neuropathy. These conditions may directly damage the nerves or contribute to the development of other risk factors, such as diabetes or alcohol abuse. […] It’s important to note that the causes and risk factors mentioned above are not exhaustive, and sometimes, the exact cause of autonomic neuropathy may remain unknown.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Causes, Diagnosis, & Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/autonomic-neuropathy

  Damage to the nerves that help your organs and organ systems to function can cause a condition called autonomic neuropathy (AN). […] Factors that might cause injury to the autonomic nerves include: alcoholism, diabetes, chronic illnesses, such as HIV or Parkinsons disease, medication, such as chemotherapy drugs, nerve trauma, such as a bruise, burn, or cut, an unusual buildup of protein in your organs, autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, degenerative disorders, such as multiple system atrophy. […] Other factors that may increase your risk of AN include: diabetes, alcoholism, lupus, HIV, Parkinsons disease, botulism, cancer.

• #1 Autonomic Neuropathy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/autonomic-neuropathy-overview

  Autonomic neuropathy is nerve damage that affects your automatic body functions the things your body does whether you think about them or not. […] Certain diseases and treatments related to your nerves can cause autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes is the most common cause. Other possibilities include: […] Autonomic neuropathy is a type of neuropathy, which just means any kind of nerve damage. It’s also a form of peripheral neuropathy, which means nerve damage outside the brain and spinal cord. However, peripheral neuropathy more commonly refers to nerve damage in the feet, legs, hands, and arms that causes numbness, tingling, and other symptoms. […] In some cases, yes. Most notably, if you have diabetes, strict blood sugar control might slow down the nerve damage and sometimes reverse it. In most cases, the damage can’t be reversed. But treatments can help relieve many of the symptoms. […] That’s how your doctor might describe autonomic dysfunction caused by diabetes. […] Exercise might help autonomic neuropathy in many ways. For example, it might help control your blood sugar, blood pressure, and weight, which might help with both the underlying causes and the symptoms.

• #1 Autonomic neuropathy – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369836

  Autonomic neuropathy is a possible complication of some diseases. […] If you have diabetes or another condition that increases your risk of autonomic neuropathy and have symptoms of neuropathy, your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. […] If you are undergoing cancer treatment with a drug known to cause nerve damage, your provider will check for signs of neuropathy. […] About half of the time, no underlying cause for autonomic neuropathy is found. […] Research suggests this antioxidant might improve the measures of autonomic nerve function. More study is needed.

• #2 Autonomic neuropathy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy is a group of symptoms that occur when there is damage to the nerves that manage normally automatic body functions. These functions include blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, bowel and bladder emptying, and digestion. The nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system. […] Autonomic neuropathy has a group of symptoms. It is not a specific disease. There are many causes. […] Autonomic neuropathy may be seen with: Alcohol overuse, Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), Disorders involving scarring of tissues around the nerves, Guillain Barré syndrome or other diseases that inflame nerves, HIV/AIDS, Inherited nerve disorders, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Spinal cord injury, Surgery or injury involving the nerves.

• #2 Autonomic peripheral neuropathy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15811460/

  The autonomic neuropathies are a group of disorders in which the small, lightly myelinated and unmyelinated autonomic nerve fibres are selectively targeted. […] Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy in more developed countries. […] Autonomic neuropathies can also occur as a result of amyloid deposition, after acute infection, as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome, and after exposure to neurotoxins including therapeutic drugs. […] Certain antibodies (eg, anti-Hu and those directed against neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) are associated with autonomic signs and symptoms. […] There are several familial autonomic neuropathies with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns of inheritance. […] Autonomic dysfunction can occur in association with specific infections.

• #2 Autonomic neuropathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_neuropathy

  Autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system attacks and damages parts of the body, including the nerves. Examples include Sjgren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. GuillainBarr syndrome is an autoimmune disease that happens rapidly and can affect autonomic nerves.

• #2

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/brain-spine-institute/brain-care-center/conditions-treatments/autonomic-neuropathy

  Autonomic neuropathy involves damage to the nerves that manage autonomic body operations, known as autonomic nerves. […] The most frequent cause of autonomic neuropathy is diabetes. However, other health conditions, such as viral or bacterial infections, or certain medications can also cause it. […] The autonomic neuropathy causes can stem from underlying medical conditions, lifestyle factors or genetic predispositions. Diabetes is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy, commonly referred to as diabetic autonomic neuropathy. […] Other causes of autonomic neuropathy include: Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as lupus, Sjgren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis may result in nerve damage affecting autonomic functions. […] Infections: Conditions such as Lyme disease, HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C are examples where infections may lead to autonomic neuropathy.

• #2 Understanding Autonomic Neuropathy: Insights into the Silent Nervous System Disorder – Momentum Medicalsend

  https://momentuminjury.com/autonomic-neuropathy/

  Autonomic neuropathy refers to a condition that affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls various involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and bladder control. […] Common causes of this condition include diabetes, certain medications, and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms can vary depending on the nerves affected. Still, they may include dizziness, difficulty swallowing, an irregular heart rate, and urinary problems. […] The most common cause of autonomic neuropathy is diabetes, particularly in individuals who have poorly controlled blood sugar levels over an extended period. High blood sugar damages the nerves and disrupts their ability to transmit signals correctly, leading to autonomic dysfunction. […] Certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome, can cause autonomic neuropathy. In these conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues, including the nerves, leading to nerve damage.

• #2 Autonomic Neuropathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Inherited Autonomic Neuropathies

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1173756-overview

  Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of autonomic neuropathy. Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and may have both somatic and autonomic features. […] A disorder called acute diabetic autonomic neuropathy appears as an acute pandysautonomia and may be associated with ganglionic antibodies in some patients. […] Uremic neuropathy is a primarily somatic neuropathy commonly associated with coexistent autonomic neuropathy, either symptomatic or subclinical. […] Autonomic neuropathy may occur in approximately 50% of adults with celiac disease, leading to clinical features of presyncope and postural nausea. […] Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS), or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), is an acute autoimmune somatic neuropathy commonly associated with prominent autonomic dysfunction that can lead to both morbidity and mortality.

• #2 Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/4/2296

  Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a disease of autonomic failure caused by ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) autoantibodies. […] The pathogeneses of these disorders include inflammatory/autoimmune, paraneoplastic, connective tissue disease-related, toxin/drug-induced, metabolic, genetic, and infectious mechanisms. […] AAG was discovered by Vernino and colleagues in 2000 to be caused by autoantibodies to the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR), prior to which the disorder was called acute pandysautonomia. […] The key to the differential diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies presenting with autonomic dysfunction is the combination of detailed history taking, a thorough assessment of the findings of the neurological examination, and comprehensive laboratory examinations.

• #2 What Is Autonomic Neuropathy?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/neurological-health/autonomic-neuropathy

  Another probable reason is an immune system attack that happens as a result of some tumors, such as paraneoplastic syndrome. […] Certain treatments, including chemotherapy for cancer and anticholinergic drugs, viruses and bacteria that cause HIV, Lyme disease and botulism, and hereditary disorders, can all be the reason behind autonomic neuropathy. […] Diabetes is the most prevalent condition that can cause it, although other nerve-related illnesses and medications also can do so. Various other options are- Spinal cord (lower back) injuries.- Surgery.- Pharmaceuticals are used to treat cancer, such as certain chemotherapy medications (a cancer treatment that includes one or more anti-cancer medications within a set chemotherapy schedule).

• #2 Reversing Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy

  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/reversing-peripheral-autonomic-neuropathy-reed-dpm-dabfas-fapwca

  In addition, neuropathy can be caused from exposure to toxins (heavy metals, gold compounds, lead, arsenic, mercury, and organophosphate pesticides), cancer therapy drugs (Vincristine, Oncovin and Vincasar), and antibiotics (metronidazole, Flagyl and Isoniazid). […] Rare causes of neuropathies include neurofibromatosis, congenital neuropathies (Fabry disease, Tangier disease, hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy, and hereditary amyloidosis) and anti-cholesterol statin medications. […] Thus, Diabetic patients who have uncontrolled blood glucose that results in osmotic swelling develop peripheral and autonomic neuropathy but also are immunocompromised to fight an infection as well as take a lot longer to heal soft-tissue and bone injuries. […] For Diabetic and non-Diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, Dr. Mark Reed has been using nitroglycerin for 30+ years to treat peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. […] This arteriole vasodilatation due to the nitroglycerin reverses the oxygen tissue damage from narrowing of the arteriole lumen due to excessive glucose osmotic swelling or from unknown causes in idiopathic neuropathy.

• #2 Understanding Autonomic Neuropathy: Insights into the Silent Nervous System Disorder – Momentum Medicalsend

  https://momentuminjury.com/autonomic-neuropathy/

  Excessive and chronic alcohol consumption can damage the nerves, including those in the autonomic nervous system. Alcohol-related autonomic neuropathy often develops gradually and may be irreversible if not addressed early. […] Certain infections can trigger autonomic neuropathy. These include Lyme disease, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, and shingles (herpes zoster). The infections can directly damage the nerves or trigger an inflammatory response that injures the nerves. […] In some cases, autonomic neuropathy may have a genetic component. Certain inherited conditions, such as familial dysautonomia and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, can lead to autonomic dysfunction. […] Certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, some antibiotics, and certain heart medications, have been linked to autonomic neuropathy as a potential side effect. Environmental exposure, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, can also damage the nerves and contribute to autonomic dysfunction.

• #2

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/brain-spine-institute/brain-care-center/conditions-treatments/autonomic-neuropathy

  Hereditary factors: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to neuropathic conditions, including autonomic neuropathy. […] Toxic exposure: Exposure to certain toxins or chemicals, either in the environment or through occupational hazards, can damage nerves and contribute to autonomic neuropathy. […] Alcoholism: Alcohol-related nerve damage can impact various bodily functions regulated by the autonomic nervous system. […] Other medical conditions: Various medical conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and amyloidosis can be associated with autonomic neuropathy.

• #2 Autonomic Neuropathies – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/autonomic-nervous-system-disorders/autonomic-neuropathies

  Autonomic neuropathies are disorders affecting the peripheral nerves that automatically (without conscious effort) regulate body processes (autonomic nerves). […] Causes include diabetes, amyloidosis, autoimmune disorders, cancer, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain drugs. […] Common causes of autonomic neuropathies include diabetes, amyloidosis (accumulation of an abnormal protein in tissues), autoimmune disorders (when the immune system misinterprets the body’s tissues as foreign and produces antibodies that attack those tissues). […] Other causes of autonomic neuropathies include cancer and drugs (including alcohol in excessive amounts and toxins). […] Viral infections may trigger an autoimmune reaction that results in destruction of autonomic nerves. […] Sometimes antibodies produced by the immune system attack acetylcholine receptors (the part of nerve cells that enables them to respond to acetylcholine). Acetylcholine is one of the chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) used to communicate within the autonomic nervous system.

• #2 Autonomic Dysfunction: Symptoms, Types, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/autonomic-dysfunction

  Autonomic dysfunction develops when the nerves of the ANS are damaged. […] This condition is called autonomic neuropathy or dysautonomia. […] Diabetes and Parkinsons disease are two examples of chronic conditions that can lead to autonomic dysfunction. […] Autonomic neuropathy refers to damage to nerves from certain medications, injury, or disease. […] Some diseases causing this neuropathy include: uncontrolled high blood pressure, long-term heavy drinking, diabetes, autoimmune disorders. […] Parkinsons disease can cause orthostatic hypotension and other symptoms of ANS damage.

• #2 Autonomic neuropathy

  https://cherrycountyhospital.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&isarticlelink=false&pid=1&gid=000776

  Autonomic neuropathy is a group of symptoms that occur when there is damage to the nerves that manage normally automatic body functions. These functions include blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, bowel and bladder emptying, and digestion. The nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system. […] Autonomic neuropathy has a group of symptoms. It is not a specific disease. There are many causes. […] Autonomic neuropathy may be seen with: Alcohol overuse […] Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) […] Disorders involving scarring of tissues around the nerves […] Guillain Barr syndrome or other diseases that inflame nerves […] HIV/AIDS […] Inherited nerve disorders […] Multiple sclerosis […] Parkinson disease […] Spinal cord injury […] Surgery or injury involving the nerves.

• #2 All You Need to Know About Autonomic Neuropathy

  https://lonestarneurology.net/peripheral-neuropathy/autonomic-neuropathy-symptoms-causes/

  Exposure to certain toxins, such as heavy metals or chemotherapy drugs, leads to it. […] Some hereditary conditions, such as familial amyloid polyneuropathy, can cause autonomic neuropathy. […] Trauma to the nerves, such as surgery or injury, can cause autonomic neuropathy. […] In some cases, the cause of autonomic nervous dysfunction is unknown. So doctors call it idiopathic autonomic neuropathy.

• #2 Autonomic Neuropathy: Causes, Diagnosis, & Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/autonomic-neuropathy

  Damage to the nerves that help your organs and organ systems to function can cause a condition called autonomic neuropathy (AN). […] Factors that might cause injury to the autonomic nerves include: alcoholism, diabetes, chronic illnesses, such as HIV or Parkinsons disease, medication, such as chemotherapy drugs, nerve trauma, such as a bruise, burn, or cut, an unusual buildup of protein in your organs, autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, degenerative disorders, such as multiple system atrophy. […] Other factors that may increase your risk of AN include: diabetes, alcoholism, lupus, HIV, Parkinsons disease, botulism, cancer.

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