Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Sepsis is a leading cause of death and the target of intense efforts to improve recognition, management and outcomes. Accurate sepsis surveillance is essential to properly interpret the impact of quality improvement initiatives, make meaningful comparisons across hospitals and geographic regions, and guide future research and resource investments. […] However, reliably tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes is challenging because it is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without a pathologic gold standard, allowing for subjectivity and broad discretion in assigning diagnoses. […] Accurately tracking trends in sepsis incidence and outcomes is essential in order to properly interpret the impact of quality improvement initiatives and guide future research and resource investments. […] A consistent surveillance method is also necessary to make meaningful comparisons across hospitals and geographic regions.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis

  Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide, but there are challenges in collecting reliable data at the population level. […] From data published in 2020, there were 48.9 million cases and 11 million sepsis-related deaths worldwide, representing 20% of all global deaths. […] While sepsis can affect any individual worldwide, significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality exist with the highest rates in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Sepsis acquired in health care settings is one of the most frequent adverse events during care delivery and affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide every year. […] Antimicrobial resistance is a major factor determining clinical unresponsiveness to treatment and rapid evolution to sepsis and septic shock.

• #3 Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. But quick action can save lives. | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/sepsis-third-leading-cause-death-us-hospitals-quick-action-can-save-lives

  Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. […] That immune response, known as sepsis, is the third most common cause of death in U.S. hospitals and affects 1.7 million people nationwide each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] While diagnosing sepsis can be challenging, it is often treatable when caught in time. […] While sepsis-related deaths declined from 2000 to 2019 (thanks in part to the first Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, which were published in 2004 and most recently updated in 2021), the mortality rates have recently increased from 277 per 100,000 people age 65 and over in 2019 to 331 per 100,000 in the same age group in 2021, according to the CDC. […] Experts say that 80% of sepsis deaths could be prevented if treated in time.

• #4 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Reliably tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes, however, is difficult. […] The core challenge is that sepsis, currently defined as a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction, is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without a pathologic gold standard. […] Subjectivity complicates the interpretation of sepsis trends because it is unclear whether increases are due to a true rise in sepsis cases or to more patients being diagnosed, labeled, and coded for sepsis. […] In this review, we summarize the most common approaches to sepsis surveillance, discuss the strengths and limitations of each strategy, and outline potential future directions. […] Studies utilizing administrative data have consistently found that the incidence of sepsis has been sharply increasing over the past 25 years at a rate of 8 to 13% per year, and that in-hospital mortality rates are decreasing by as much as 2% per year.

• #5 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Reliably tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes, however, is difficult. […] The core challenge is that sepsis, currently defined as a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction, is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without a pathologic gold standard. […] Subjectivity complicates the interpretation of sepsis trends because it is unclear whether increases are due to a true rise in sepsis cases or to more patients being diagnosed, labeled, and coded for sepsis. […] In this review, we summarize the most common approaches to sepsis surveillance, discuss the strengths and limitations of each strategy, and outline potential future directions. […] Studies utilizing administrative data have consistently found that the incidence of sepsis has been sharply increasing over the past 25 years at a rate of 8 to 13% per year, and that in-hospital mortality rates are decreasing by as much as 2% per year.

• #6 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Reliably tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes, however, is difficult. […] The core challenge is that sepsis, currently defined as a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction, is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without a pathologic gold standard. […] Subjectivity complicates the interpretation of sepsis trends because it is unclear whether increases are due to a true rise in sepsis cases or to more patients being diagnosed, labeled, and coded for sepsis. […] In this review, we summarize the most common approaches to sepsis surveillance, discuss the strengths and limitations of each strategy, and outline potential future directions. […] Studies utilizing administrative data have consistently found that the incidence of sepsis has been sharply increasing over the past 25 years at a rate of 8 to 13% per year, and that in-hospital mortality rates are decreasing by as much as 2% per year.

• #7 Septic Shock: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168402-overview

  Epidemiology […] The incidence of sepsis has been growing in recent decades, for reasons that likely include the following: […] An analysis of a large sample from major US medical centers reported the incidence of sepsis (at the time, deemed severe sepsis) as 3 cases per 1000 population and 2.26 cases per 100 hospital discharges. […] In a large retrospective analysis, the National Center for Health Statistics used the National Hospital Discharge Survey of 500 nonfederal US hospitals (which included more than 10 million cases of sepsis over a 22-year period) to report that septicemia accounted for 1.3% of all hospitalizations. […] The incidence of sepsis increased 3-fold between 1979 and 2000, from 83 cases per 100,000 population per year to 240 per 100,000. […] A subsequent large survey of emergency department (ED) visits showed that severe sepsis accounted for more than 500,000 such visits annually (0.7% of total visits), that the majority of patients presented to EDs without an academic affiliation, and that the mean length of stay in the ED was approximately 5 hours. […] In a later report, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determined that the inflation-adjusted aggregate cost for the treatment of hospital patients with sepsis increased by 12% per year from 1997 to 2008. […]

• #8

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  To characterize the current burden, outcomes, and costs of managing sepsis patients in U.S. hospitals. […] Overall mortality was 12.5% but varied greatly by severity (5.6%, 14.9%, and 34.2%) for sepsis without organ dysfunction, severe sepsis, and septic shock, respectively. […] Sepsis management continues to be a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. In the United States, over 970,000 sepsis cases are admitted annually, and the numbers have been rising year over year. […] A 2-decade study of U.S. hospitalizations identified an increase in the incidence of sepsis among hospitalized patients by 8.7% per year. […] Additionally, sepsis accounts for more than 50% of hospital deaths, and mortality increases dramatically with greater disease severity: 10-20% for sepsis, 20-40% for severe sepsis, and 40-80% for septic shock.

• #9 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  The accuracy of administrative definitions relative to medical record reviews also varies substantially. […] Many high-profile initiatives are increasing sepsis awareness amongst physicians, administrators, and consumers including the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the CMS SEP-1 measure, ongoing educational initiatives, and the introduction of sepsis screening and management protocols in most hospitals. […] Clinicians increasing predilection to recognize, diagnose, and code for sepsis complicates the interpretation of studies based on administrative data that suggest that sepsis incidence is rising and case-fatality rates are falling. […] While some of this may reflect true changes in sepsis epidemiology more cases because the population is aging and becoming more medically complex, and fewer deaths due to earlier sepsis recognition and better management several lines of evidence suggest ascertainment bias is also contributing.

• #10 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Moreover, several studies using electronic health record data from single healthcare systems as well as nationally representative cohorts have demonstrated that trends in sepsis incidence and outcomes derived from clinical data are much more stable compared to administrative data. […] Death records have also been used to track the incidence and characteristics of sepsis deaths over time, as well as to make inferences about geographical variation. […] Most analyses using death records have shown that annual counts of sepsis-related deaths are increasing over time. […] However, a recent study linking death records to hospitalization administrative data and vital statistics from 195 locations around the world estimated that global age-standardized sepsis incidence decreased by 37% from 1990 to 2017 while mortality decreased by 53%.

• #11 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Moreover, several studies using electronic health record data from single healthcare systems as well as nationally representative cohorts have demonstrated that trends in sepsis incidence and outcomes derived from clinical data are much more stable compared to administrative data. […] Death records have also been used to track the incidence and characteristics of sepsis deaths over time, as well as to make inferences about geographical variation. […] Most analyses using death records have shown that annual counts of sepsis-related deaths are increasing over time. […] However, a recent study linking death records to hospitalization administrative data and vital statistics from 195 locations around the world estimated that global age-standardized sepsis incidence decreased by 37% from 1990 to 2017 while mortality decreased by 53%.

• #12 The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/32

  The incidence rates of sepsis and septic shock vary throughout continents and countries, making them serious global health concerns. According to a recent analysis by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, there were 11.0 million sepsis-related fatalities and 48.9 million instances of sepsis globally in 2017. […] Sepsis is more common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with rates in some Asian and African nations surpassing 1500 cases per 100,000 people. Sepsis- and septic-shock-related mortality rates also range significantly between geographical areas. […] The differences in the prevalence of sepsis between developed and underdeveloped nations highlight the necessity of focused therapies and resource distribution. HICs prioritize improving sepsis care and lowering infections linked to healthcare, but LMICs need a more all-encompassing strategy that tackles the underlying social determinants of health, fortifies healthcare systems, and enhances access to vital medical resources.

• #13

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis

  Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide, but there are challenges in collecting reliable data at the population level. […] From data published in 2020, there were 48.9 million cases and 11 million sepsis-related deaths worldwide, representing 20% of all global deaths. […] While sepsis can affect any individual worldwide, significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality exist with the highest rates in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). […] Sepsis acquired in health care settings is one of the most frequent adverse events during care delivery and affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide every year. […] Antimicrobial resistance is a major factor determining clinical unresponsiveness to treatment and rapid evolution to sepsis and septic shock.

• #14 The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/32

  The incidence rates of sepsis and septic shock vary throughout continents and countries, making them serious global health concerns. According to a recent analysis by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, there were 11.0 million sepsis-related fatalities and 48.9 million instances of sepsis globally in 2017. […] Sepsis is more common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with rates in some Asian and African nations surpassing 1500 cases per 100,000 people. Sepsis- and septic-shock-related mortality rates also range significantly between geographical areas. […] The differences in the prevalence of sepsis between developed and underdeveloped nations highlight the necessity of focused therapies and resource distribution. HICs prioritize improving sepsis care and lowering infections linked to healthcare, but LMICs need a more all-encompassing strategy that tackles the underlying social determinants of health, fortifies healthcare systems, and enhances access to vital medical resources.

• #15 The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/32

  The incidence rates of sepsis and septic shock vary throughout continents and countries, making them serious global health concerns. According to a recent analysis by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, there were 11.0 million sepsis-related fatalities and 48.9 million instances of sepsis globally in 2017. […] Sepsis is more common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with rates in some Asian and African nations surpassing 1500 cases per 100,000 people. Sepsis- and septic-shock-related mortality rates also range significantly between geographical areas. […] The differences in the prevalence of sepsis between developed and underdeveloped nations highlight the necessity of focused therapies and resource distribution. HICs prioritize improving sepsis care and lowering infections linked to healthcare, but LMICs need a more all-encompassing strategy that tackles the underlying social determinants of health, fortifies healthcare systems, and enhances access to vital medical resources.

• #16 Sepsis Epidemiology Analysis: Trends & Market Insights

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/sepsis-epidemiology-analysis/

  In the 8MM, there were 7,614,342 diagnosed incident cases of sepsis in 2023. The diagnosed incident cases of sepsis will register an AGR of more than 2% during 2023-2033. Sepsis is a life-threatening complication arising from an infection, which occurs when the bodys response to the infection damages its tissues and organs. Sepsis causes multiple organ failure and death, especially if it is not recognized early and treated promptly. Anyone can develop sepsis, but the condition is more common in children younger than one year of age, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. […] The Sepsis market research report provides an overview of the risk factors and the global and historical epidemiological trends for sepsis and septic shock in the eight major markets (8MM: US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Japan, and China). Additionally, this report includes a 10-year epidemiological forecast of sepsis for men and women from 2023-2033 for the following segmentations in all ages across the 8MM: diagnosed incident cases of sepsis segmented by sex and age (ages 0-28 days, 1 month-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older).

• #17 Sepsis Epidemiology Analysis: Trends & Market Insights

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/sepsis-epidemiology-analysis/

  The key countries across the 8MM are the US, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, the UK, and Japan. In 2023, China accounted for the highest percentage of diagnosed incident cases of sepsis in the 8MM. The country is expected to see the largest growth in cases from 2023-2033. The increase in the diagnosed incident cases of sepsis is partly attributed to the rising trend in the historic incidence in the 8MM, combined with underlying demographic changes in the respective markets. […] In 2023, the diagnosed incident cases of sepsis in the 8MM were higher in men than women. The differences in the numbers of diagnosed incident cases of sepsis across the sexes and markets may be mostly attributed to differences in the underlying demographic differences in each market. Also, the significant differences in sex-specific diagnosed incidence.

• #18 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Sepsis-Epidemiology.aspx

  While the incidence of sepsis may be increasing, evidence suggests it is becoming less mortally dangerous. From 1979 to 2000, the in-hospital mortality of sepsis shrank from 28% to 18%. […] Certain demographic groups of the population appear to be more commonly victims of sepsis than others. Males tend to develop the syndrome more often than women, although there does not appear to be a difference in mortality rates. […] An increase in chronic health conditions is one reason behind the rise in sepsis cases. Afflicted people, who have conditions such as cancer, liver disease, and diabetes, represent 50% of severe sepsis cases.

• #19 Sepsis Epidemiology Analysis: Trends & Market Insights

  https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/sepsis-epidemiology-analysis/

  The key countries across the 8MM are the US, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, the UK, and Japan. In 2023, China accounted for the highest percentage of diagnosed incident cases of sepsis in the 8MM. The country is expected to see the largest growth in cases from 2023-2033. The increase in the diagnosed incident cases of sepsis is partly attributed to the rising trend in the historic incidence in the 8MM, combined with underlying demographic changes in the respective markets. […] In 2023, the diagnosed incident cases of sepsis in the 8MM were higher in men than women. The differences in the numbers of diagnosed incident cases of sepsis across the sexes and markets may be mostly attributed to differences in the underlying demographic differences in each market. Also, the significant differences in sex-specific diagnosed incidence.

• #20 Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management

  https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/sepsis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-classification-biomarkers-and-management

  Sepsis can be caused by a variety of pathogens. […] The classification of sepsis is typically described as either community-acquired or nosocomial in origin. […] Different epidemiological studies have found both gram negative and gram positive organisms to be of the greatest cause. […] Historically the gram negative organisms were of the greatest prevalence, however; data has shown an increase in incidence of gram positive infections in recent years. […] Age arguably might be the most important risk factor to consider. […] As patients age the incidence of severe sepsis increases disproportionately to the point where patients over the age of 65 years old account for more than 50% of severe sepsis cases. […] Estimates attribute over 36% of all neonatal deaths to cases of neonatal sepsis worldwide.

• #21 3. Epidemiology of Sepsis | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/3-epidemiology-sepsis

  During the past two decades, the incidence of sepsis in the United States has tripled and is now the tenth leading cause of death. In the United States alone, approximately 750,000 cases of sepsis occur each year and at least 225,000 (1/3) are fatal. […] While the number of cases of sepsis is increasing, the mortality rate is declining due to improvements in early diagnosis and effective treatments. Nonetheless, the death rate is still very high. Approximately 1 of every 4 patients with severe sepsis and 1 of every 2 patients with septic shock will die within 30 days of their diagnosis. Overall, sepsis contributes to almost 30% of all U.S. deaths and almost 40% of the deaths of Americans older than 85 years (Munford, 2008; CDC, 2010). […] Incidence and mortality from sepsis increase with a patients age. Two-thirds of the patients who develop severe sepsis are older than 65 years, and the likelihood of getting sepsis increases dramatically thereafter.

• #22 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Sepsis-Epidemiology.aspx

  While the incidence of sepsis may be increasing, evidence suggests it is becoming less mortally dangerous. From 1979 to 2000, the in-hospital mortality of sepsis shrank from 28% to 18%. […] Certain demographic groups of the population appear to be more commonly victims of sepsis than others. Males tend to develop the syndrome more often than women, although there does not appear to be a difference in mortality rates. […] An increase in chronic health conditions is one reason behind the rise in sepsis cases. Afflicted people, who have conditions such as cancer, liver disease, and diabetes, represent 50% of severe sepsis cases.

• #23 Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management

  https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/sepsis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-classification-biomarkers-and-management

  More than half of patients who present with severe sepsis have at least one chronic health condition concurrently. […] The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is an international coalition of experts that developed categorical recommendations and suggestions on the resuscitation of patients experiencing septic shock. […] Studies have shown that delay in the administration of intravenous antibiotics increased mortality. […] The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of septic patients has proven to be quite controversial. […] The Surviving Sepsis campaign recommends use of corticosteroid therapy only in the presence of septic shock and only following a failure of blood pressure response to pressor and fluid therapies. […] Severe sepsis and septic shock while heavily researched; still impose a huge burden on patients and the healthcare system. […] While mortality rates have dropped in recent years, overall hospitalizations for sepsis have increased.

• #24 Vital Signs: Epidemiology of Sepsis: Prevalence of Health Care Factors and Opportunities for Prevention | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6533e1.htm

  Sepsis is a serious and often fatal clinical syndrome, resulting from infection. Information on patient demographics, risk factors, and infections leading to sepsis is needed to integrate comprehensive sepsis prevention, early recognition, and treatment strategies. […] Overall, 72% of patients had a health care factor during the 30 days before sepsis admission or a selected chronic condition likely to require frequent medical care. […] Infection prevention strategies (e.g., vaccination, reducing transmission of pathogens in health care environments, and appropriate management of chronic diseases) are likely to have a substantial impact on reducing sepsis. […] Among all patients with sepsis, 72% had either a health care factor in the month preceding admission or a chronic condition likely to require frequent contact with the health care system, suggesting that opportunities exist for prevention or earlier recognition of infections leading to sepsis.

• #25 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes can also be accomplished using prospective clinical registries. […] Studies using data from prospective clinical registries have shown increasing sepsis incidence and decreasing sepsis mortality over time similar in magnitude to those seen with administrative data. […] The primary advantage of chart review is that it involves more rigorous application of sepsis criteria, particularly compared to administrative definitions. […] Most epidemiologic studies of sepsis have relied on administrative claims data, but this method is limited by ongoing changes in how clinicians screen, test, diagnose, and bill for sepsis. […] Sepsis surveillance utilizing clinical data from electronic health records, such as CDCs Adult Sepsis Event definition, is objective, applicable across large populations, and may offer improved clinical test characteristics compared to administrative data.

• #26 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Sepsis is a leading cause of death and the target of intense efforts to improve recognition, management and outcomes. Accurate sepsis surveillance is essential to properly interpret the impact of quality improvement initiatives, make meaningful comparisons across hospitals and geographic regions, and guide future research and resource investments. […] However, reliably tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes is challenging because it is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome without a pathologic gold standard, allowing for subjectivity and broad discretion in assigning diagnoses. […] Accurately tracking trends in sepsis incidence and outcomes is essential in order to properly interpret the impact of quality improvement initiatives and guide future research and resource investments. […] A consistent surveillance method is also necessary to make meaningful comparisons across hospitals and geographic regions.

• #27 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  The accuracy of administrative definitions relative to medical record reviews also varies substantially. […] Many high-profile initiatives are increasing sepsis awareness amongst physicians, administrators, and consumers including the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the CMS SEP-1 measure, ongoing educational initiatives, and the introduction of sepsis screening and management protocols in most hospitals. […] Clinicians increasing predilection to recognize, diagnose, and code for sepsis complicates the interpretation of studies based on administrative data that suggest that sepsis incidence is rising and case-fatality rates are falling. […] While some of this may reflect true changes in sepsis epidemiology more cases because the population is aging and becoming more medically complex, and fewer deaths due to earlier sepsis recognition and better management several lines of evidence suggest ascertainment bias is also contributing.

• #28 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  The accuracy of administrative definitions relative to medical record reviews also varies substantially. […] Many high-profile initiatives are increasing sepsis awareness amongst physicians, administrators, and consumers including the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the CMS SEP-1 measure, ongoing educational initiatives, and the introduction of sepsis screening and management protocols in most hospitals. […] Clinicians increasing predilection to recognize, diagnose, and code for sepsis complicates the interpretation of studies based on administrative data that suggest that sepsis incidence is rising and case-fatality rates are falling. […] While some of this may reflect true changes in sepsis epidemiology more cases because the population is aging and becoming more medically complex, and fewer deaths due to earlier sepsis recognition and better management several lines of evidence suggest ascertainment bias is also contributing.

• #29 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  The accuracy of administrative definitions relative to medical record reviews also varies substantially. […] Many high-profile initiatives are increasing sepsis awareness amongst physicians, administrators, and consumers including the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, the CMS SEP-1 measure, ongoing educational initiatives, and the introduction of sepsis screening and management protocols in most hospitals. […] Clinicians increasing predilection to recognize, diagnose, and code for sepsis complicates the interpretation of studies based on administrative data that suggest that sepsis incidence is rising and case-fatality rates are falling. […] While some of this may reflect true changes in sepsis epidemiology more cases because the population is aging and becoming more medically complex, and fewer deaths due to earlier sepsis recognition and better management several lines of evidence suggest ascertainment bias is also contributing.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-023-02091-y

  Timely and accurate data on the epidemiology of sepsis are essential to inform policy decisions and research priorities. […] We aimed to investigate the validity of inpatient administrative health data (IAHD) for surveillance and quality assurance of sepsis care. […] Due to the under-coding of sepsis in IAHD, previous epidemiological studies underestimated the burden of sepsis in Germany. […] There is a large variability between hospitals in accuracy of diagnosing and coding of sepsis. Therefore, IAHD alone is not suited to assess quality of sepsis care. […] Valid information on sepsis incidence and mortality is necessary to inform health policy and clinical research, as well as to benchmark the quality of sepsis care. […] Surveillance based on administrative data may lead to biased conclusions, if the coding of diagnoses is inaccurate.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-023-02091-y

  Timely and accurate data on the epidemiology of sepsis are essential to inform policy decisions and research priorities. […] We aimed to investigate the validity of inpatient administrative health data (IAHD) for surveillance and quality assurance of sepsis care. […] Due to the under-coding of sepsis in IAHD, previous epidemiological studies underestimated the burden of sepsis in Germany. […] There is a large variability between hospitals in accuracy of diagnosing and coding of sepsis. Therefore, IAHD alone is not suited to assess quality of sepsis care. […] Valid information on sepsis incidence and mortality is necessary to inform health policy and clinical research, as well as to benchmark the quality of sepsis care. […] Surveillance based on administrative data may lead to biased conclusions, if the coding of diagnoses is inaccurate.

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-023-02091-y

  The validity of administrative data for this purpose is currently of especially high interest, since the Federal Joint Committee—the highest authority on quality assurance for German hospitals—is considering introducing mandated quality indicators for sepsis, which will also rely on this kind of data. […] The study showed that the accuracy of identification of sepsis cases based on ICD-10-codes in IAHD was low, leading to an under-coding of sepsis. […] Sepsis-related risk-adjusted hospital mortality estimated from IAHD showed no correlation to the risk-adjusted mortality from the chart review, which makes it currently unsuitable to assess outcome quality of sepsis care. […] Administrative health data in their current form are not valid to identify cases with sepsis or risk factors for sepsis-related mortality. […] Because of the large variation in sepsis awareness and validity of coding across hospitals, administrative data in their current form are not suited for benchmarking quality of sepsis care.

• #33 Surveillance Strategies for Tracking Sepsis Incidence and Outcomes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9011360/

  Tracking sepsis incidence and outcomes can also be accomplished using prospective clinical registries. […] Studies using data from prospective clinical registries have shown increasing sepsis incidence and decreasing sepsis mortality over time similar in magnitude to those seen with administrative data. […] The primary advantage of chart review is that it involves more rigorous application of sepsis criteria, particularly compared to administrative definitions. […] Most epidemiologic studies of sepsis have relied on administrative claims data, but this method is limited by ongoing changes in how clinicians screen, test, diagnose, and bill for sepsis. […] Sepsis surveillance utilizing clinical data from electronic health records, such as CDCs Adult Sepsis Event definition, is objective, applicable across large populations, and may offer improved clinical test characteristics compared to administrative data.

• #34 Surveillance and Epidemiology | HPHCI: Department of Population Medicine

  https://www.populationmedicine.org/divisions-centers/sepsis/surveillance-and-epidemiology

  The SEPSIS Center conducts cutting-edge research using electronic health record (EHR) data to improve sepsis surveillance and advance large-scale epidemiologic studies. […] Our faculty’s work has transformed how sepsis is monitored by hospitals, researchers, public health officials, and policymakers. […] Developing an objective EHR-based surveillance definition for sepsis that improves consistency and reliability over administrative data. Our definition underlies CDCs Adult Sepsis Event surveillance strategy […] Integrating clinical data from hundreds of hospitals to produce the CDCs definitive estimate of sepsis incidence and outcomes in the U.S. […] Characterizing the prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated deaths in U.S. hospitals […] Elucidating the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-onset sepsis and how it differs from community-onset sepsis […] Identifying risk factors for sepsis mortality and describing trends in sepsis epidemiology among key patient subgroups, including previously healthy individuals, patients with opioid use disorders, and patients with cancer.

• #35 Surveillance and Epidemiology | HPHCI: Department of Population Medicine

  https://www.populationmedicine.org/divisions-centers/sepsis/surveillance-and-epidemiology

  The SEPSIS Center conducts cutting-edge research using electronic health record (EHR) data to improve sepsis surveillance and advance large-scale epidemiologic studies. […] Our faculty’s work has transformed how sepsis is monitored by hospitals, researchers, public health officials, and policymakers. […] Developing an objective EHR-based surveillance definition for sepsis that improves consistency and reliability over administrative data. Our definition underlies CDCs Adult Sepsis Event surveillance strategy […] Integrating clinical data from hundreds of hospitals to produce the CDCs definitive estimate of sepsis incidence and outcomes in the U.S. […] Characterizing the prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated deaths in U.S. hospitals […] Elucidating the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-onset sepsis and how it differs from community-onset sepsis […] Identifying risk factors for sepsis mortality and describing trends in sepsis epidemiology among key patient subgroups, including previously healthy individuals, patients with opioid use disorders, and patients with cancer.

• #36 Hospital toolkit for adult sepsis surveillance

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/132387

  Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The burden of sepsis is high, with over 1.7 million adult sepsis cases annually in the U.S. which contribute to 270,000 deaths. […] Because there is no confirmatory diagnostic test, the diagnosis of sepsis requires clinical judgment based on evidence of infection and organ dysfunction. […] Different definitions for sepsis are needed for different purposes, which could include clinical care, research, surveillance, and quality improvement and audit. […] Prior to 2017, U.S. national estimates of sepsis burden primarily relied on the use of administrative codes, which have consistently demonstrated increasing incidence and decreasing mortality. […] In 2017, a CDC Prevention Epicenters-funded consortium published results of a study which used a new definition for sepsis based on objective clinical data elements conceptually analogous to Sepsis-3. This definition was optimized for surveillance directly from electronic health records (EHRs) across over 400 facilities, and displayed superior sensitivity and similar specificity compared to administrative codes when using Sepsis-3 criteria determined by medical record reviews as a gold standard.

• #37 Hospital toolkit for adult sepsis surveillance

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/132387

  Furthermore, this definition demonstrated that national sepsis incidence and outcomes (combination of death and discharge to hospice) were stable from 2009-2014, in contrast to administrative codes which showed increasing incidence and decreasing mortality, but are confounded by increasing sepsis awareness, coding bias, and financial incentives.

• #38 Objective Sepsis Surveillance Using Electronic Clinical Data.

  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2672m0v7

  Objective Sepsis Surveillance Using Electronic Clinical Data. […] To compare the accuracy of surveillance of severe sepsis using electronic health record clinical data vs claims and to compare incidence and mortality trends using both methods. […] The electronic health record-based clinical surveillance definition had stable and high sensitivity over time (77% in 2003-2009 vs 80% in 2012, P=.58) whereas the sensitivity of claims increased (52% in 2003-2009 vs 67% in 2012, P=.02). […] From 2003 to 2012, severe sepsis incidence imputed from claims rose by 72% (95% CI, 57%-88%) and absolute mortality declined by 5.4% (95% CI, 4.6%-6.7%). […] In contrast, incidence using the clinical surveillance definition increased by 7.7% (95% CI, -1.1% to 17%) and mortality declined by 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.3%). […] Sepsis surveillance using clinical data is more sensitive and more stable over time compared with claims and can be done electronically. This may enable more reliable estimates of sepsis burden and trends.

• #39 New Algorithm Tracks Pediatric Sepsis Epidemiology Using Clinical Data | Today’s Clinical Lab

  https://www.clinicallab.com/new-algorithm-tracks-pediatric-sepsis-epidemiology-using-clinical-data-21894

  Researchers at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have developed a novel computational algorithm to track the epidemiology of pediatric sepsis, allowing for the collection of more accurate data about outcomes and incidence of the condition over time, which is essential to the improvement of care. […] Tracking the incidence of sepsis is critical to understanding the prevalence of the condition and improving outcomes and survival, but to date there has not been an effective tool for monitoring sepsis incidence in the pediatric population. […] They found that among more than 200,000 hospital admissions over the study period, the incidence of sepsis was 2.8 percent, and the incidence of sepsis among all hospital encounters increased over time after controlling for age, sex, and race.

• #40 New Algorithm Tracks Pediatric Sepsis Epidemiology Using Clinical Data | Today’s Clinical Lab

  https://www.clinicallab.com/new-algorithm-tracks-pediatric-sepsis-epidemiology-using-clinical-data-21894

  Researchers at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have developed a novel computational algorithm to track the epidemiology of pediatric sepsis, allowing for the collection of more accurate data about outcomes and incidence of the condition over time, which is essential to the improvement of care. […] Tracking the incidence of sepsis is critical to understanding the prevalence of the condition and improving outcomes and survival, but to date there has not been an effective tool for monitoring sepsis incidence in the pediatric population. […] They found that among more than 200,000 hospital admissions over the study period, the incidence of sepsis was 2.8 percent, and the incidence of sepsis among all hospital encounters increased over time after controlling for age, sex, and race.

• #41 New Algorithm Tracks Pediatric Sepsis Epidemiology Using Clinical Data | Today’s Clinical Lab

  https://www.clinicallab.com/new-algorithm-tracks-pediatric-sepsis-epidemiology-using-clinical-data-21894

  Researchers at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have developed a novel computational algorithm to track the epidemiology of pediatric sepsis, allowing for the collection of more accurate data about outcomes and incidence of the condition over time, which is essential to the improvement of care. […] Tracking the incidence of sepsis is critical to understanding the prevalence of the condition and improving outcomes and survival, but to date there has not been an effective tool for monitoring sepsis incidence in the pediatric population. […] They found that among more than 200,000 hospital admissions over the study period, the incidence of sepsis was 2.8 percent, and the incidence of sepsis among all hospital encounters increased over time after controlling for age, sex, and race.

• #42 Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/735

  Surveillance of sepsis incidence is important for directing resources and evaluating quality-of-care interventions. […] A fully-automated Sepsis-3 based surveillance algorithm using EHR data performed well compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards, and exposed variations in hospital-onset sepsis incidence between wards. […] The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a fully-automated EHR-based surveillance algorithm against physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards using the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria. […] Reliable sepsis surveillance data can benefit large patient groups by allowing clinical resources to be directed to where they are most needed. Continuous incidence monitoring can also be used to evaluate quality of care interventions down to the ward level, and for benchmarking sepsis prediction models and artificial intelligence tools integrated with the EHR.

• #43 Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/735

  The surveillance algorithm identified 8599 sepsis episodes (10.4% of all hospital admissions), of which 7493 (87.1%) were CO sepsis and 1106 (12.9%) were HO sepsis. […] The cumulative incidence of HO sepsis varied significantly depending on type of hospital ward, with the highest risk in Transplant and Haematology wards, and the lowest risk in Orthopaedic wards. […] Based on data from EHR, it is feasible to automatically monitor sepsis incidence with good validity compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards using the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria as surveillance definition.

• #44 Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/735

  The surveillance algorithm identified 8599 sepsis episodes (10.4% of all hospital admissions), of which 7493 (87.1%) were CO sepsis and 1106 (12.9%) were HO sepsis. […] The cumulative incidence of HO sepsis varied significantly depending on type of hospital ward, with the highest risk in Transplant and Haematology wards, and the lowest risk in Orthopaedic wards. […] Based on data from EHR, it is feasible to automatically monitor sepsis incidence with good validity compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards using the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria as surveillance definition.

• #45 Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/735

  The surveillance algorithm identified 8599 sepsis episodes (10.4% of all hospital admissions), of which 7493 (87.1%) were CO sepsis and 1106 (12.9%) were HO sepsis. […] The cumulative incidence of HO sepsis varied significantly depending on type of hospital ward, with the highest risk in Transplant and Haematology wards, and the lowest risk in Orthopaedic wards. […] Based on data from EHR, it is feasible to automatically monitor sepsis incidence with good validity compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards using the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria as surveillance definition.

• #46 Center for Sepsis Epidemiology and Prevention Studies (SEPSIS) | HPHCI: Department of Population Medicine

  https://www.populationmedicine.org/divisions-centers/sepsis

  Our mission is to advance sepsis care and prevention through rigorous clinical and epidemiological research that informs clinical practice, public health strategy, and healthcare policy. […] Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction, shock, and often death. Despite advances in modern medicine, sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality, contributing to over 350,000 deaths annually in the US and one in five deaths worldwide. […] Although sepsis awareness and treatment have improved over time, progress is hindered by gaps in epidemiologic surveillance, challenges in diagnosis, variability in clinical presentations, and uncertainties about optimal prevention and management strategies. […] Our center conducts clinical and epidemiologic research on sepsis with a particular focus on harnessing electronic health record data to improve disease surveillance, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. […] We conduct innovative research leveraging electronic health record (EHR) data to enhance sepsis surveillance and conduct impactful large-scale epidemiologic studies.

• #47 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  WHO calls for global action on sepsis – cause of 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. The World Health Organizations first global report on sepsis finds that the effort to tackle millions of deaths and disabilities due to sepsis is hampered by serious gaps in knowledge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. According to recent studies, sepsis kills 11 million people each year, many of them children. It disables millions more. […] But theres an urgent need for better data. Most published studies on sepsis have been conducted in hospitals and intensive care units in high-income countries, providing little evidence from the rest of the world. Furthermore, the use of different definitions of sepsis, diagnostic criteria and hospital discharge coding makes it difficult to develop a clear understanding of the true global burden of sepsis.

• #48 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  WHO calls for global action on sepsis – cause of 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. The World Health Organizations first global report on sepsis finds that the effort to tackle millions of deaths and disabilities due to sepsis is hampered by serious gaps in knowledge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. According to recent studies, sepsis kills 11 million people each year, many of them children. It disables millions more. […] But theres an urgent need for better data. Most published studies on sepsis have been conducted in hospitals and intensive care units in high-income countries, providing little evidence from the rest of the world. Furthermore, the use of different definitions of sepsis, diagnostic criteria and hospital discharge coding makes it difficult to develop a clear understanding of the true global burden of sepsis.

• #49 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  The world must urgently step up efforts to improve data about sepsis so all countries can detect and treat this terrible condition in time, says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. […] Sepsis disproportionately affects vulnerable populations: newborns, pregnant women and people living in low-resource settings. Approximately 85.0% of sepsis cases and sepsis-related deaths occur in these settings. […] Almost half of the 49 million cases of sepsis each year occur among children, resulting in 2.9 million deaths, most of which could be prevented through early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. […] The report also finds that sepsis frequently results from infections acquired in health care settings. Around half (49%) of patients with sepsis in intensive care units acquired the infection in the hospital.

• #50

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis

  The prevention and/or appropriate diagnosis and management of sepsis is also linked to adequate vaccine coverage, quality universal health coverage, capacity to comply with the International Health Regulations, preparedness, and water and sanitation services. […] The challenge, however, remains how to achieve universal prevention, diagnosis and management of sepsis. […] The key pillars of Resolution WHA70.7 are to draw attention to public health impacts of sepsis and estimate the global burden of sepsis. […] Several WHO headquarters programmes are currently working on the public health impact of sepsis and providing guidance and country support on sepsis prevention, early and appropriate diagnosis, and timely and appropriate clinical management.

• #51

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis

  The prevention and/or appropriate diagnosis and management of sepsis is also linked to adequate vaccine coverage, quality universal health coverage, capacity to comply with the International Health Regulations, preparedness, and water and sanitation services. […] The challenge, however, remains how to achieve universal prevention, diagnosis and management of sepsis. […] The key pillars of Resolution WHA70.7 are to draw attention to public health impacts of sepsis and estimate the global burden of sepsis. […] Several WHO headquarters programmes are currently working on the public health impact of sepsis and providing guidance and country support on sepsis prevention, early and appropriate diagnosis, and timely and appropriate clinical management.

• #52 Sepsis trends: increasing incidence and decreasing mortality, or changing denominator? – Rhee – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/34844/html

  Given the limitations of administrative data and clinical registries, alternate surveillance methods are needed that are more objective and can be easily applied to large populations in a sustained fashion. […] The surveillance definition utilized in this study has since been incorporated into CDCs Adult Sepsis Event toolkit, which is aimed at helping hospitals better track their sepsis rates and outcomes using clinical data rather than administrative data. […] Numerous studies have suggested that sepsis incidence is increasing over time and mortality rates are declining. These estimates are biased, however, by increasing clinical awareness of sepsis, more screening, decreasing diagnostic thresholds, and more diligent coding practices. […] Objective sepsis surveillance using EHR data has the potential to help clinicians, quality officers, policy makers, and public health officials to better monitor the impact of quality improvement and policy initiatives, identify additional risk factors and targets for prevention, and guide new programs and research investments.

• #53 Sepsis trends: increasing incidence and decreasing mortality, or changing denominator? – Rhee – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/34844/html

  Given the limitations of administrative data and clinical registries, alternate surveillance methods are needed that are more objective and can be easily applied to large populations in a sustained fashion. […] The surveillance definition utilized in this study has since been incorporated into CDCs Adult Sepsis Event toolkit, which is aimed at helping hospitals better track their sepsis rates and outcomes using clinical data rather than administrative data. […] Numerous studies have suggested that sepsis incidence is increasing over time and mortality rates are declining. These estimates are biased, however, by increasing clinical awareness of sepsis, more screening, decreasing diagnostic thresholds, and more diligent coding practices. […] Objective sepsis surveillance using EHR data has the potential to help clinicians, quality officers, policy makers, and public health officials to better monitor the impact of quality improvement and policy initiatives, identify additional risk factors and targets for prevention, and guide new programs and research investments.

• #54 Sepsis trends: increasing incidence and decreasing mortality, or changing denominator? – Rhee – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/34844/html

  Given the limitations of administrative data and clinical registries, alternate surveillance methods are needed that are more objective and can be easily applied to large populations in a sustained fashion. […] The surveillance definition utilized in this study has since been incorporated into CDCs Adult Sepsis Event toolkit, which is aimed at helping hospitals better track their sepsis rates and outcomes using clinical data rather than administrative data. […] Numerous studies have suggested that sepsis incidence is increasing over time and mortality rates are declining. These estimates are biased, however, by increasing clinical awareness of sepsis, more screening, decreasing diagnostic thresholds, and more diligent coding practices. […] Objective sepsis surveillance using EHR data has the potential to help clinicians, quality officers, policy makers, and public health officials to better monitor the impact of quality improvement and policy initiatives, identify additional risk factors and targets for prevention, and guide new programs and research investments.

• #55 Vital Signs: Epidemiology of Sepsis: Prevalence of Health Care Factors and Opportunities for Prevention | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6533e1.htm

  Sepsis prevention activities led by CDC and partners are focused on five key areas: 1) increasing sepsis awareness among patients, families, and providers and building a coalition of clinical professional partners and patient advocates to work with CDC; 2) promoting early recognition of sepsis and aligning antibiotic stewardship efforts with early recognition; 3) identifying at-risk populations for prevention and early recognition efforts; 4) developing better sepsis surveillance methods to measure the impact of interventions; and 5) preventing infections that lead to sepsis, including infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. […] Routine health care encounters should be used as opportunities to implement interventions that could reduce the risk for infections leading to sepsis. These interventions include increasing vaccination coverage, educating patients and families about early sepsis warning signs, improving infection control programs, and optimizing chronic disease management.

• #56 Study: AI Surveillance Tool Successfully Helps to Predict Sepsis, Saves Lives

  https://health.ucsd.edu/news/press-releases/2024-01-23-study-ai-surveillance-tool-successfully-helps-to-predict-sepsis-saves-lives/

  Researchers find that utilizing a unique AI algorithm that monitors several patient variables, like vital signs and lab results, can detect sepsis before symptom onset. […] Each year, at least 1.7 million adults in the United States develop sepsis, and approximately 350,000 will die from the serious blood infection that can trigger a life-threatening chain reaction throughout the entire body. […] The study found the AI algorithm, entitled COMPOSER, which was previously developed by the research team, resulted in a 17% reduction in mortality. […] Our COMPOSER model uses real-time data in order to predict sepsis before obvious clinical manifestations, said study co-author Gabriel Wardi, MD, chief of the Division of Critical Care in the Department of Emergency Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. It works silently and safely behind the scenes, continuously surveilling every patient for signs of possible sepsis.

• #57 Study: AI Surveillance Tool Successfully Helps to Predict Sepsis, Saves Lives

  https://health.ucsd.edu/news/press-releases/2024-01-23-study-ai-surveillance-tool-successfully-helps-to-predict-sepsis-saves-lives/

  Researchers find that utilizing a unique AI algorithm that monitors several patient variables, like vital signs and lab results, can detect sepsis before symptom onset. […] Each year, at least 1.7 million adults in the United States develop sepsis, and approximately 350,000 will die from the serious blood infection that can trigger a life-threatening chain reaction throughout the entire body. […] The study found the AI algorithm, entitled COMPOSER, which was previously developed by the research team, resulted in a 17% reduction in mortality. […] Our COMPOSER model uses real-time data in order to predict sepsis before obvious clinical manifestations, said study co-author Gabriel Wardi, MD, chief of the Division of Critical Care in the Department of Emergency Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. It works silently and safely behind the scenes, continuously surveilling every patient for signs of possible sepsis.

• #58 Study: AI Surveillance Tool Successfully Helps to Predict Sepsis, Saves Lives

  https://health.ucsd.edu/news/press-releases/2024-01-23-study-ai-surveillance-tool-successfully-helps-to-predict-sepsis-saves-lives/

  Researchers find that utilizing a unique AI algorithm that monitors several patient variables, like vital signs and lab results, can detect sepsis before symptom onset. […] Each year, at least 1.7 million adults in the United States develop sepsis, and approximately 350,000 will die from the serious blood infection that can trigger a life-threatening chain reaction throughout the entire body. […] The study found the AI algorithm, entitled COMPOSER, which was previously developed by the research team, resulted in a 17% reduction in mortality. […] Our COMPOSER model uses real-time data in order to predict sepsis before obvious clinical manifestations, said study co-author Gabriel Wardi, MD, chief of the Division of Critical Care in the Department of Emergency Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. It works silently and safely behind the scenes, continuously surveilling every patient for signs of possible sepsis.

• #59 Study: AI Surveillance Tool Successfully Helps to Predict Sepsis, Saves Lives

  https://health.ucsd.edu/news/press-releases/2024-01-23-study-ai-surveillance-tool-successfully-helps-to-predict-sepsis-saves-lives/

  Should a patient present with multiple variables, resulting in high risk for sepsis infection, the AI algorithm will notify nursing staff via the hospitals electronic health record. […] The study examined more than 6,000 patient admissions before and after COMPOSER was deployed in the emergency departments at UC San Diego Medical Center in Hillcrest and at Jacobs Medical Center in La Jolla. […] It is the first study to report improvement in patient outcomes by utilizing an AI deep-learning model, which is a model that uses artificial neural networks as a check and balance in order to safely, and correctly, identify health concerns in patients. […] It is because of this AI model that our teams can provide life-saving therapy for patients quicker, said Wardi, emergency medicine and critical care physician at UC San Diego Health.

• #60 Study: AI Surveillance Tool Successfully Helps to Predict Sepsis, Saves Lives

  https://health.ucsd.edu/news/press-releases/2024-01-23-study-ai-surveillance-tool-successfully-helps-to-predict-sepsis-saves-lives/

  Should a patient present with multiple variables, resulting in high risk for sepsis infection, the AI algorithm will notify nursing staff via the hospitals electronic health record. […] The study examined more than 6,000 patient admissions before and after COMPOSER was deployed in the emergency departments at UC San Diego Medical Center in Hillcrest and at Jacobs Medical Center in La Jolla. […] It is the first study to report improvement in patient outcomes by utilizing an AI deep-learning model, which is a model that uses artificial neural networks as a check and balance in order to safely, and correctly, identify health concerns in patients. […] It is because of this AI model that our teams can provide life-saving therapy for patients quicker, said Wardi, emergency medicine and critical care physician at UC San Diego Health.

• #61 Effectiveness of automated alerting system compared to usual care for the management of sepsis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00650-5

  The study shows a statistically significant beneficial effect of using the automated alerting system in the management of sepsis. […] The results show that the management of sepsis with an automated alerting system can reduce the mortality rate, which is further confirmed by the Bayesian meta-analytic approach. […] Although there is no evidence that the automated alerting system can reduce ICU LOS, the hospital LOS is significantly reduced. […] Subgroup analyses indicate that the beneficial effect of automated alerting systems is less significant in ICU settings than that in ED and general wards. […] ML-based alerting systems appear to provide additional benefits as compared to rule-based methods. […] The main finding in our study is that an automated alerting system can reduce mortality risk, probably attributable to the increased awareness of the sepsis onset.

• #62 Effectiveness of automated alerting system compared to usual care for the management of sepsis | npj Digital Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00650-5

  The effect of the automated alerting system is more prominent in the general ward and emergency setting than that in the ICU setting. […] The findings of the study have several novelties and clinical implications. […] In conclusion, the study shows a beneficial effect of an automated alerting system in the management of sepsis. […] However, there is substantial heterogeneity and risk of bias across component studies.

• #63 3. Epidemiology of Sepsis | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/3-epidemiology-sepsis

  The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is a global effort to improve the care of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The campaign was launched in 2002 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and the International Sepsis Forum, with their latest update in 2015. The objective of the campaign was to develop and disseminate evidence-based guidelines so that the knowledge obtained from clinical trials could be applied to bedside practice. The goal was to reduce death from severe sepsis and septic shock by 25%. […] Although it has been shown that adherence to the EGDT protocol saves lives, consistent implementation has been challenging. Noncompliance with 3- and 6-hour sepsis bundles has been demonstrated to increase in-hospital mortality for septic patients, while compliance with the resuscitation bundle, even if extended from the recommended time frame, decreases mortality (LaRosa et al., 2012).

• #64 3. Epidemiology of Sepsis | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/3-epidemiology-sepsis

  The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is a global effort to improve the care of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The campaign was launched in 2002 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and the International Sepsis Forum, with their latest update in 2015. The objective of the campaign was to develop and disseminate evidence-based guidelines so that the knowledge obtained from clinical trials could be applied to bedside practice. The goal was to reduce death from severe sepsis and septic shock by 25%. […] Although it has been shown that adherence to the EGDT protocol saves lives, consistent implementation has been challenging. Noncompliance with 3- and 6-hour sepsis bundles has been demonstrated to increase in-hospital mortality for septic patients, while compliance with the resuscitation bundle, even if extended from the recommended time frame, decreases mortality (LaRosa et al., 2012).

• #65 3. Epidemiology of Sepsis | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/3-epidemiology-sepsis

  The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is a global effort to improve the care of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. The campaign was launched in 2002 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and the International Sepsis Forum, with their latest update in 2015. The objective of the campaign was to develop and disseminate evidence-based guidelines so that the knowledge obtained from clinical trials could be applied to bedside practice. The goal was to reduce death from severe sepsis and septic shock by 25%. […] Although it has been shown that adherence to the EGDT protocol saves lives, consistent implementation has been challenging. Noncompliance with 3- and 6-hour sepsis bundles has been demonstrated to increase in-hospital mortality for septic patients, while compliance with the resuscitation bundle, even if extended from the recommended time frame, decreases mortality (LaRosa et al., 2012).

• #66 Surviving Sepsis Campaign | SCCM

  https://www.sccm.org/survivingsepsiscampaign

  The international Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) is a joint initiative of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), led by multidisciplinary international experts who are committed to reducing mortality and morbidity from sepsis and septic shock, which are leading causes of death worldwide. […] Review evidence-based practice guidelines for adult and pediatric sepsis, along with implementation tools to use in your practice. […] Review guidance for clinicians caring for adult patients with sepsis or septic shock. […] Review guidance for clinicians caring for pediatric patients with sepsis or septic shock. […] The SCCM Resource Library, a fully searchable collection of more than 1500 presentations, book chapters, podcasts, webcasts, articles, and more, houses numerous resources on sepsis.

• #67 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021 | SCCM

  https://www.sccm.org/clinical-resources/guidelines/guidelines/surviving-sepsis-guidelines-2021

  International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021 Updated global adult sepsis guidelines, released in October 2021 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), place an increased emphasis on improving the care of sepsis patients after they are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) and represent greater geographic and gender diversity than previous versions. […] The new guidelines specifically address the challenges of treating patients experiencing the long-term effects of sepsis. […] To address these issues, the guidelines recommend involving patients and their families in goals-of-care discussions and hospital discharge plans, which should include early and ongoing follow-up with clinicians to support and manage long-term effects and assessment of physical, cognitive, and emotional issues after discharge.

• #68 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021 | SCCM

  https://www.sccm.org/clinical-resources/guidelines/guidelines/surviving-sepsis-guidelines-2021

  International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021 Updated global adult sepsis guidelines, released in October 2021 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), place an increased emphasis on improving the care of sepsis patients after they are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) and represent greater geographic and gender diversity than previous versions. […] The new guidelines specifically address the challenges of treating patients experiencing the long-term effects of sepsis. […] To address these issues, the guidelines recommend involving patients and their families in goals-of-care discussions and hospital discharge plans, which should include early and ongoing follow-up with clinicians to support and manage long-term effects and assessment of physical, cognitive, and emotional issues after discharge.

• #69 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines 2021 | SCCM

  https://www.sccm.org/clinical-resources/guidelines/guidelines/surviving-sepsis-guidelines-2021

  International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021 Updated global adult sepsis guidelines, released in October 2021 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), place an increased emphasis on improving the care of sepsis patients after they are discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) and represent greater geographic and gender diversity than previous versions. […] The new guidelines specifically address the challenges of treating patients experiencing the long-term effects of sepsis. […] To address these issues, the guidelines recommend involving patients and their families in goals-of-care discussions and hospital discharge plans, which should include early and ongoing follow-up with clinicians to support and manage long-term effects and assessment of physical, cognitive, and emotional issues after discharge.

• #70 Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. But quick action can save lives. | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/sepsis-third-leading-cause-death-us-hospitals-quick-action-can-save-lives

  The biggest delay [in treating sepsis] still is diagnosis, says Simpson, who serves as the chair of the board of directors for the Sepsis Alliance, a nonprofit organization focused on improving sepsis care. […] In the most recent Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, released in 2021, the recommendation is to ensure that every patient that is in septic shock, or shock that might be septic, receives antibiotics within one hour a change from previous guidelines that said antibiotic administration should begin within three hours. […] Among the new additions to the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, which Simpson helped update, are recommendations for post-sepsis care protocol. […] While research into the specifics of how best to treat sepsis is ongoing, data supports the idea that having dedicated teams and adherence to formal guidelines to screen for and respond to sepsis can drastically improve outcomes. […] According to the CDC, 73% of hospitals have a sepsis committee, but only 55% of hospitals provide dedicated time for sepsis program leaders to focus on sepsis protocol in their hospitals.

• #71

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The greatest costs were observed in non-POA sepsis ranging from $39,336 in sepsis without organ dysfunction, $60,672 in severe sepsis, and $68,671 for septic shock per case. […] The ability to detect and treat sepsis early, before progression to organ failure, leads to less mortality and ultimately less costs. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment of sepsis remain the pivotal steps in reducing the overall burden of sepsis-related hospitalization.

• #72 Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management

  https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/sepsis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-classification-biomarkers-and-management

  More than half of patients who present with severe sepsis have at least one chronic health condition concurrently. […] The Surviving Sepsis Campaign is an international coalition of experts that developed categorical recommendations and suggestions on the resuscitation of patients experiencing septic shock. […] Studies have shown that delay in the administration of intravenous antibiotics increased mortality. […] The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of septic patients has proven to be quite controversial. […] The Surviving Sepsis campaign recommends use of corticosteroid therapy only in the presence of septic shock and only following a failure of blood pressure response to pressor and fluid therapies. […] Severe sepsis and septic shock while heavily researched; still impose a huge burden on patients and the healthcare system. […] While mortality rates have dropped in recent years, overall hospitalizations for sepsis have increased.

• #73 Surviving Sepsis With Tele-ICU Surveillance – AACN

  https://www.aacn.org/blog/surviving-sepsis-with-tele-icu-surveillance

  Sepsis has been one of the leading causes of death across the world for many years. […] The 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign provides guidelines for early detection, recognition and intervention. […] Our healthcare system tried several ways to treat patients with sepsis. […] We tried sepsis screening on paper, a variety of alerts in the electronic medical record (EMR), and recently embarked on a journey to use tele-ICU, also known as tele-critical care, to proactively screen patients for sepsis. […] Through trial and error, we created a program that benefits patients and nurses. […] Increase sepsis screenings and actions taken. […] Improve patient outcomes for sepsis. […] Our initial objectives were met, and our team of nurses provided sepsis surveillance for hundreds of patients per week without having to involve bedside staff.

• #74 Surviving Sepsis With Tele-ICU Surveillance – AACN

  https://www.aacn.org/blog/surviving-sepsis-with-tele-icu-surveillance

  As the number of screenings increased, risk-adjusted mortality decreased. […] By decreasing alert fatigue, interruptions and cognitive burden for bedside staff, the program helped our system achieve its patient safety goals. […] The goal of our project was to provide support for our healthcare system, with a priority to increase awareness of sepsis, while improving screening volume, accuracy and actionable interventions, and also decreasing alert fatigue. […] Our hope is to eventually support bedside staff on every campus in our health system while ensuring they remain educated and aware of the signs of sepsis.

• #75 Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. But quick action can save lives. | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/sepsis-third-leading-cause-death-us-hospitals-quick-action-can-save-lives

  The biggest delay [in treating sepsis] still is diagnosis, says Simpson, who serves as the chair of the board of directors for the Sepsis Alliance, a nonprofit organization focused on improving sepsis care. […] In the most recent Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, released in 2021, the recommendation is to ensure that every patient that is in septic shock, or shock that might be septic, receives antibiotics within one hour a change from previous guidelines that said antibiotic administration should begin within three hours. […] Among the new additions to the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, which Simpson helped update, are recommendations for post-sepsis care protocol. […] While research into the specifics of how best to treat sepsis is ongoing, data supports the idea that having dedicated teams and adherence to formal guidelines to screen for and respond to sepsis can drastically improve outcomes. […] According to the CDC, 73% of hospitals have a sepsis committee, but only 55% of hospitals provide dedicated time for sepsis program leaders to focus on sepsis protocol in their hospitals.

• #76 Sepsis is the third leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals. But quick action can save lives. | AAMC

  https://www.aamc.org/news/sepsis-third-leading-cause-death-us-hospitals-quick-action-can-save-lives

  The biggest delay [in treating sepsis] still is diagnosis, says Simpson, who serves as the chair of the board of directors for the Sepsis Alliance, a nonprofit organization focused on improving sepsis care. […] In the most recent Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, released in 2021, the recommendation is to ensure that every patient that is in septic shock, or shock that might be septic, receives antibiotics within one hour a change from previous guidelines that said antibiotic administration should begin within three hours. […] Among the new additions to the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines, which Simpson helped update, are recommendations for post-sepsis care protocol. […] While research into the specifics of how best to treat sepsis is ongoing, data supports the idea that having dedicated teams and adherence to formal guidelines to screen for and respond to sepsis can drastically improve outcomes. […] According to the CDC, 73% of hospitals have a sepsis committee, but only 55% of hospitals provide dedicated time for sepsis program leaders to focus on sepsis protocol in their hospitals.

• #77

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00520-024-08914-4

  The infection rate among patients with head-and-neck cancer (HNC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is approximately 19%, with sepsis-related death ranging from 39%. […] The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of sepsis surveillance and early intervention in reducing the occurrence of sepsis-related deaths in locally advanced HNC patients receiving CRT. […] Sepsis surveillance and the prompt use of antibiotics and G-CSF, along with early hospitalization, when necessary, reduces the occurrence of sepsis-related early deaths in HNC patients undergoing CRT.

• #78

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The cost of sepsis management in U.S. hospitals ranks highest among admissions for all disease states. […] Hospital costs for sepsis are currently more than twice those of other conditions and continue to grow at three times the rate of other admissions. […] The timing of sepsis diagnosis is critical in terms of outcomes given the acute and significant impact of the condition. […] Poor sepsis outcomes are observed when diagnosis and treatment are delayed and when sepsis develops or is not detected until after hospital admission. […] The overall inpatient mortality rate was 12.5% representing a slightly lower estimate as compared to the 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 14.7-16.3%. […] Costs followed this same pattern: $18,023 for POA compared with $51,022 for non-POA, a 322% increase, wherein the cost per case of severe sepsis and septic shock were 50% and 235% higher, respectively, compared with sepsis without organ failures.

• #79

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The cost of sepsis management in U.S. hospitals ranks highest among admissions for all disease states. […] Hospital costs for sepsis are currently more than twice those of other conditions and continue to grow at three times the rate of other admissions. […] The timing of sepsis diagnosis is critical in terms of outcomes given the acute and significant impact of the condition. […] Poor sepsis outcomes are observed when diagnosis and treatment are delayed and when sepsis develops or is not detected until after hospital admission. […] The overall inpatient mortality rate was 12.5% representing a slightly lower estimate as compared to the 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 14.7-16.3%. […] Costs followed this same pattern: $18,023 for POA compared with $51,022 for non-POA, a 322% increase, wherein the cost per case of severe sepsis and septic shock were 50% and 235% higher, respectively, compared with sepsis without organ failures.

• #80

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The cost of sepsis management in U.S. hospitals ranks highest among admissions for all disease states. […] Hospital costs for sepsis are currently more than twice those of other conditions and continue to grow at three times the rate of other admissions. […] The timing of sepsis diagnosis is critical in terms of outcomes given the acute and significant impact of the condition. […] Poor sepsis outcomes are observed when diagnosis and treatment are delayed and when sepsis develops or is not detected until after hospital admission. […] The overall inpatient mortality rate was 12.5% representing a slightly lower estimate as compared to the 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of 14.7-16.3%. […] Costs followed this same pattern: $18,023 for POA compared with $51,022 for non-POA, a 322% increase, wherein the cost per case of severe sepsis and septic shock were 50% and 235% higher, respectively, compared with sepsis without organ failures.

• #81

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The greatest costs were observed in non-POA sepsis ranging from $39,336 in sepsis without organ dysfunction, $60,672 in severe sepsis, and $68,671 for septic shock per case. […] The ability to detect and treat sepsis early, before progression to organ failure, leads to less mortality and ultimately less costs. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment of sepsis remain the pivotal steps in reducing the overall burden of sepsis-related hospitalization.

• #82 Sepsis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classification, Biomarkers and Management

  https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/sepsis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-classification-biomarkers-and-management

  Inpatient expenses related to the treatment of sepsis infections are on the rise with annual costs estimated to be in excess of $20 billion. […] Sepsis rates are on the rise. […] The elderly population is at a greater risk for the development of sepsis and sepsis related complications. […] A more recent study has shown that sepsis likely contributed between 30 and 50% of mortality and had a large impact on healthcare costs in the US between 2010 and 2012. […] Mortality rates for sepsis in recent years have ranged from 18 to 40%. […] The highest incidences of mortality are associated with sepsis arising from nosocomial infections by organisms such as methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus species, pseudomonas and both candida and non-candidal fungal infections. […] Polymicrobial infections are also associated with increased mortality rates.

• #83

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sepsis

  The prevention and/or appropriate diagnosis and management of sepsis is also linked to adequate vaccine coverage, quality universal health coverage, capacity to comply with the International Health Regulations, preparedness, and water and sanitation services. […] The challenge, however, remains how to achieve universal prevention, diagnosis and management of sepsis. […] The key pillars of Resolution WHA70.7 are to draw attention to public health impacts of sepsis and estimate the global burden of sepsis. […] Several WHO headquarters programmes are currently working on the public health impact of sepsis and providing guidance and country support on sepsis prevention, early and appropriate diagnosis, and timely and appropriate clinical management.

• #84

  https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/fulltext/2018/12000/epidemiology_and_costs_of_sepsis_in_the_united.1.aspx

  The greatest costs were observed in non-POA sepsis ranging from $39,336 in sepsis without organ dysfunction, $60,672 in severe sepsis, and $68,671 for septic shock per case. […] The ability to detect and treat sepsis early, before progression to organ failure, leads to less mortality and ultimately less costs. […] Early recognition and prompt treatment of sepsis remain the pivotal steps in reducing the overall burden of sepsis-related hospitalization.

• #85 Roadmap for Solving Sepsis Using Sepsis Alert, Sepsis Surveillance, & Sepsis Detection – Ambient

  https://ambientclinical.com/2020/12/22/roadmap-solving-sepsis-using-sepsis-alert-sepsis-surveillance-sepsis-detection/

  The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which collects data in order to push for treatment improvement and ensure transparency, has made the 2017 hospital sepsis (SEP-1) compliance rankings public as of July 25, 2018. […] CMS’s focus on reporting is to drive improvement in sepsis recovery through measurement of, and to provide transparency to, hospitals compliance with sepsis treatment protocols. […] Thus, there is now an increased need for innovative information technology solutions for better practitioner support, more accurate reporting, and most importantly improved patient care.

• #86 Roadmap for Solving Sepsis Using Sepsis Alert, Sepsis Surveillance, & Sepsis Detection – Ambient

  https://ambientclinical.com/2020/12/22/roadmap-solving-sepsis-using-sepsis-alert-sepsis-surveillance-sepsis-detection/

  The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which collects data in order to push for treatment improvement and ensure transparency, has made the 2017 hospital sepsis (SEP-1) compliance rankings public as of July 25, 2018. […] CMS’s focus on reporting is to drive improvement in sepsis recovery through measurement of, and to provide transparency to, hospitals compliance with sepsis treatment protocols. […] Thus, there is now an increased need for innovative information technology solutions for better practitioner support, more accurate reporting, and most importantly improved patient care.

• #87 Roadmap for Solving Sepsis Using Sepsis Alert, Sepsis Surveillance, & Sepsis Detection – Ambient

  https://ambientclinical.com/2020/12/22/roadmap-solving-sepsis-using-sepsis-alert-sepsis-surveillance-sepsis-detection/

  The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which collects data in order to push for treatment improvement and ensure transparency, has made the 2017 hospital sepsis (SEP-1) compliance rankings public as of July 25, 2018. […] CMS’s focus on reporting is to drive improvement in sepsis recovery through measurement of, and to provide transparency to, hospitals compliance with sepsis treatment protocols. […] Thus, there is now an increased need for innovative information technology solutions for better practitioner support, more accurate reporting, and most importantly improved patient care.

• #88 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge in sepsis treatment as it complicates the ability to treat infections, especially in health-care associated infections. […] Improve robust study designs and high-quality data collection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Scale-up global advocacy, funding and the research capacity for epidemiological evidence on the true burden of sepsis. Improve surveillance systems, starting at the primary care level, including the use of standardized and feasible definitions in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and leveraging existing programmes and disease networks. Develop rapid, affordable and appropriate diagnostic tools, particularly for primary and secondary levels of care, to improve sepsis identification, surveillance, prevention and treatment. Engage and better educate health workers and communities not to underestimate the risk of infections evolving to sepsis, and to seek care promptly in order to avoid clinical complications and the spread of epidemics.

• #89 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge in sepsis treatment as it complicates the ability to treat infections, especially in health-care associated infections. […] Improve robust study designs and high-quality data collection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Scale-up global advocacy, funding and the research capacity for epidemiological evidence on the true burden of sepsis. Improve surveillance systems, starting at the primary care level, including the use of standardized and feasible definitions in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and leveraging existing programmes and disease networks. Develop rapid, affordable and appropriate diagnostic tools, particularly for primary and secondary levels of care, to improve sepsis identification, surveillance, prevention and treatment. Engage and better educate health workers and communities not to underestimate the risk of infections evolving to sepsis, and to seek care promptly in order to avoid clinical complications and the spread of epidemics.

• #90 Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis: Current evidence, identifying gaps and future directions – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-epidemiology-and-burden-sepsis-current-evidence-identifying-gaps-and

  Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge in sepsis treatment as it complicates the ability to treat infections, especially in health-care associated infections. […] Improve robust study designs and high-quality data collection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Scale-up global advocacy, funding and the research capacity for epidemiological evidence on the true burden of sepsis. Improve surveillance systems, starting at the primary care level, including the use of standardized and feasible definitions in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and leveraging existing programmes and disease networks. Develop rapid, affordable and appropriate diagnostic tools, particularly for primary and secondary levels of care, to improve sepsis identification, surveillance, prevention and treatment. Engage and better educate health workers and communities not to underestimate the risk of infections evolving to sepsis, and to seek care promptly in order to avoid clinical complications and the spread of epidemics.

• #91 Leveraging electronic health record data to improve sepsis surveillance | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/706

  The need for a more objective, consistent and scalable approach to sepsis surveillance has recently led some researchers and policymakers to turn to direct clinical indicators of sepsis that can be extracted from electronic health record (EHR) systems which are increasingly ubiquitous in the USA and other developed countries. A prominent example of this approach is the Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) definition created by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018. […] The ASE was the beginning of an important paradigm shift towards population-level sepsis surveillance using EHR data, but it is certainly not the end. […] Ultimately, the study by Valik and colleagues represents another important step forward in sepsis surveillance as we move further away from reliance on administrative data and towards a more objective approach using clinical data from EHRs to more reliably study changes in epidemiology and better care for sepsis patients. Further validation and comparisons of this Sepsis-3-based algorithm with ASE and other EHR-based definitions across diverse populations and EHR systems are needed to enable hospitals, policymakers and researchers to decide how best to track sepsis incidence and outcomes and tailor surveillance approaches to their particular needs.

• #92 Leveraging electronic health record data to improve sepsis surveillance | BMJ Quality & Safety

  https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/29/9/706

  The need for a more objective, consistent and scalable approach to sepsis surveillance has recently led some researchers and policymakers to turn to direct clinical indicators of sepsis that can be extracted from electronic health record (EHR) systems which are increasingly ubiquitous in the USA and other developed countries. A prominent example of this approach is the Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) definition created by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018. […] The ASE was the beginning of an important paradigm shift towards population-level sepsis surveillance using EHR data, but it is certainly not the end. […] Ultimately, the study by Valik and colleagues represents another important step forward in sepsis surveillance as we move further away from reliance on administrative data and towards a more objective approach using clinical data from EHRs to more reliably study changes in epidemiology and better care for sepsis patients. Further validation and comparisons of this Sepsis-3-based algorithm with ASE and other EHR-based definitions across diverse populations and EHR systems are needed to enable hospitals, policymakers and researchers to decide how best to track sepsis incidence and outcomes and tailor surveillance approaches to their particular needs.

• #93 Epidemiology of Sepsis Syndrome in 8 Academic Medical Centers | RAND

  https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP19970038.html

  Sepsis syndrome is a leading cause of mortality in hospitalized patients. […] To describe the epidemiology of sepsis syndrome in the tertiary care hospital setting. […] The extrapolated, weighted estimate of hospitalwide incidence (mean+/-95% confidence limit) of sepsis syndrome was 2.0+/-0.16 cases per 100 admissions, or 2.8+/-0.17 per 1000 patient-days. […] Sepsis syndrome is common in academic hospitals, although the overall rates vary considerably with the patient population. […] An understanding of the hospitalwide epidemiology of sepsis syndrome is vital for rational planning and treatment of hospitalized patients with sepsis syndrome, especially as new and expensive therapeutic agents become available.

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