Rak komórek hürthle
Objawy

Rak komórek Hürthle (HCC) to rzadki, ale agresywny nowotwór tarczycy, charakteryzujący się początkowo bezobjawowym przebiegiem, co często prowadzi do późnego rozpoznania przy znacznych rozmiarach guza lub obecności przerzutów. Klinicznie manifestuje się wyczuwalnym guzkiem na szyi, bólem, chrypką, dysfagią, dusznością oraz powiększeniem węzłów chłonnych. HCC cechuje się wysokim ryzykiem inwazji naczyniowej (angioinwazji) i przerzutów hematogennych, najczęściej do węzłów chłonnych szyi (około 20% przypadków), płuc, kości i śródpiersia. Wskaźniki przeżycia są uzależnione od stopnia zaawansowania, wieku (>45-55 lat), płci (gorsze rokowanie u mężczyzn), wielkości guza (>4 cm) oraz obecności przerzutów i inwazji naczyniowej. 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi około 75%, a 10-letni dla guzów ograniczonych do tarczycy około 90%. Wysoki jest także odsetek nawrotów (12-33%), szczególnie przy rozległej angioinwazji, przerzutach do węzłów chłonnych i dużych guzach.

Objawy raka komórek Hürthle

Rak komórek Hürthle (HCC) jest rzadkim, ale agresywnym typem nowotworu tarczycy, który może wykazywać szereg objawów klinicznych. Należy podkreślić, że we wczesnych stadiach choroby pacjenci często nie wykazują żadnych objawów, a nowotwór zostaje wykryty przypadkowo podczas badania fizykalnego lub badań obrazowych wykonywanych z innych powodów.123 Ta bezobjawowość we wczesnych stadiach sprawia, że rozpoznanie może być opóźnione do momentu, gdy guz osiągnie znaczne rozmiary.

Objawy miejscowe

Gdy rak komórek Hürthle zaczyna dawać objawy, najczęściej występującym objawem jest wyczuwalny guzek lub zgrubienie na szyi, zlokalizowany tuż poniżej jabłka Adama.14 Guzki te mogą szybko się powiększać, tworząc twarde masy wyczuwalne w badaniu palpacyjnym. Wraz ze wzrostem guza mogą pojawić się następujące objawy miejscowe:

  • Ból lub dyskomfort w obrębie szyi i gardła15
  • Chrypka lub inne zmiany głosu spowodowane uciskiem na nerw krtaniowy wsteczny16
  • Trudności w przełykaniu (dysfagia) z powodu ucisku na przełyk17
  • Duszność lub trudności w oddychaniu wynikające z ucisku na tchawicę18
  • Uczucie ucisku w szyi910
  • Powiększone węzły chłonne na szyi411
  • Przewlekły suchy kaszel1213

Należy zauważyć, że objawy te mogą występować również w innych chorobach tarczycy, takich jak zapalenie tarczycy czy wole, dlatego konieczne jest dokładne różnicowanie.114

Objawy zaawansowanej choroby

W przypadku zaawansowanego raka komórek Hürthle, gdy doszło już do przerzutów do okolicznych tkanek lub odległych narządów, mogą wystąpić dodatkowe objawy. Rak komórek Hürthle ma najwyższy wskaźnik przerzutów spośród wszystkich zróżnicowanych raków tarczycy.1516 Przerzuty występują najczęściej w:

  • Węzłach chłonnych szyi (ok. 20% przypadków)1115
  • Płucach172
  • Kościach176
  • Śródpiersiu17
  • Rzadziej w nerkach, wątrobie, sercu czy trzustce1718

Objawy związane z przerzutami mogą obejmować:

  • Ból kości w przypadku przerzutów do kości6
  • Nowe objawy oddechowe w przypadku przerzutów do płuc6
  • Utrata wagi i zmęczenie919
  • Objawy związane z uciskiem lub naciekaniem struktur w miejscu przerzutu2

Objawy ogólnoustrojowe

W rzadkich przypadkach rak komórek Hürthle może powodować objawy ogólnoustrojowe, które mogą być niespecyficzne i trudne do powiązania z chorobą tarczycy:

  • Zmęczenie i osłabienie2021
  • Bezsenność2022
  • Zaburzenia nastroju, w tym lęk i depresja21
  • Utrata masy ciała1923
  • Zaburzenia funkcji tarczycy (rzadko) – większość pacjentów z rakiem komórek Hürthle jest w eutyreozie, ale w rzadkich przypadkach mogą wystąpić objawy nadczynności (tyreotoksykozy) lub niedoczynności tarczycy115

Przebieg i progresja raka komórek Hürthle

Rak komórek Hürthle charakteryzuje się szczególnym przebiegiem klinicznym, który wymaga zrozumienia dla właściwego postępowania diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego.

Charakterystyka wzrostu

Rak komórek Hürthle zwykle rozpoczyna się jako guzek w obrębie tarczycy, który rozwija się z prawidłowej tkanki tarczycy.24 Charakterystyczną cechą tego nowotworu jest stosunkowo powolny wzrost we wczesnych stadiach, co przyczynia się do późnego rozpoznania, gdy guz jest już znacznych rozmiarów lub gdy doszło do przerzutów.24

W porównaniu do innych zróżnicowanych nowotworów tarczycy, rak komórek Hürthle jest bardziej agresywny, co oznacza, że może rosnąć i rozprzestrzeniać się szybciej.2526 Nowotwór ten charakteryzuje się:

  • Tendencją do naciekania torebki guza27
  • Wysokim ryzykiem inwazji naczyniowej (angioinwazji), co oznacza wrastanie komórek nowotworowych do naczyń krwionośnych2428
  • Możliwością wieloogniskowego wzrostu27
  • Wyższą częstością przerzutów odległych w porównaniu do innych zróżnicowanych raków tarczycy2716

Drogi rozprzestrzeniania się raka

Rak komórek Hürthle może rozprzestrzeniać się na dwa główne sposoby:

  1. Drogą krwionośną (rozprzestrzenianie się hematogenne) – jest to dominujący mechanizm przerzutowania w raku komórek Hürthle.15 Inwazja naczyniowa jest istotnym czynnikiem prognostycznym i wiąże się z wyższym ryzykiem przerzutów odległych.28
  2. Drogą limfatyczną – przerzuty do regionalnych węzłów chłonnych szyi występują w około 20% przypadków.1129 Przerzuty te są mniej powszechne niż w przypadku raka brodawkowatego tarczycy, ale stanowią istotny element oceny zaawansowania choroby.13

Należy podkreślić, że rak komórek Hürthle ma szczególną tendencję do wzrostu do naczyń krwionośnych otaczających tarczycę (angioinwazja), co zwiększa ryzyko przerzutów odległych.24 Ta inwazja naczyniowa jest kluczowym czynnikiem prognostycznym – pacjenci z rozległą inwazją naczyniową mają gorsze rokowanie i wyższe ryzyko nawrotu choroby.28

Czynniki wpływające na progresję

Progresja raka komórek Hürthle zależy od wielu czynników, które mogą wpływać na przebieg choroby:630

  • Wiek pacjenta – osoby powyżej 45-55 roku życia mają gorsze rokowanie3031
  • Płeć – mężczyźni mają tendencję do bardziej agresywnego przebiegu choroby2732
  • Wielkość guza – nowotwory o średnicy powyżej 4 cm wiążą się z gorszym rokowaniem3031
  • Stopień inwazji naczyniowej – rozległa inwazja naczyniowa znacząco pogarsza rokowanie2831
  • Stopień zaawansowania w momencie rozpoznania – obecność przerzutów odległych w momencie rozpoznania znacząco pogarsza rokowanie30
  • Wieloogniskowość guzaguzy wieloogniskowe wiążą się z wyższym ryzykiem przerzutów odległych27

Istotne jest rozróżnienie między minimalnie inwazyjnym a szeroko inwazyjnym rakiem komórek Hürthle. W przypadku guzów minimalnie inwazyjnych i bez angioinwazji rokowanie jest zazwyczaj dobre.31 Natomiast guzy szeroko inwazyjne, szczególnie u mężczyzn powyżej 45 roku życia, z licznymi ogniskami angioinwazji, o wielkości powyżej 4 cm lub w zaawansowanym stadium (III-IV), wiążą się z gorszym rokowaniem.31

Nawroty choroby

Rak komórek Hürthle charakteryzuje się stosunkowo wysokim ryzykiem nawrotu choroby. Szacuje się, że nawroty występują u 12-33% pacjentów z tym nowotworem.33 Nawroty te mogą pojawić się nawet wiele lat po pierwotnym leczeniu, co podkreśla znaczenie długotrwałej obserwacji pacjentów.3418

Czynniki zwiększające ryzyko nawrotu obejmują:1728

  • Rozległa inwazja naczyniowa
  • Przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych w momencie rozpoznania
  • Wielkość guza pierwotnego powyżej 4 cm
  • Wiek pacjenta powyżej 45 lat
  • Naciekanie tkanek miękkich

Szczególnie wysoki wskaźnik nawrotów obserwuje się w przypadku raka komórek Hürthle z rozległą inwazją naczyniową – 10-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wolnego od nawrotu wynosi około 78%, w porównaniu do 98% w przypadku raków pęcherzykowych z rozległą inwazją naczyniową.28

Rokowanie

Rokowanie w przypadku raka komórek Hürthle zależy od wielu czynników, w tym stopnia zaawansowania choroby, wieku pacjenta, wielkości guza i obecności przerzutów. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc:635

  • Dla guzów zlokalizowanych, które nie rozprzestrzeniły się poza tarczycę, 10-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi około 90%35
  • Ogólny 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia dla raka komórek Hürthle wynosi około 75%35
  • Wskaźniki śmiertelności w 5, 10 i 20 roku od rozpoznania wynoszą odpowiednio około 8%, 18% i 33%17
  • Mediana czasu przeżycia swoistego dla choroby po rozpoznaniu przerzutów wynosi 72 miesiące dla pacjentów z przerzutami do płuc i 138 miesięcy dla pacjentów z przerzutami do innych lokalizacji17

Nieefektywne mogą być standardowe metody leczenia stosowane w przypadku innych typów raka tarczycy, takie jak terapia radioaktywnym jodem, ponieważ rak komórek Hürthle jest często oporny na ten rodzaj leczenia.2736 To stanowi dodatkowe wyzwanie terapeutyczne, szczególnie w przypadku choroby rozsianej.

Pomimo tych wyzwań, przy wczesnym wykryciu i właściwym leczeniu, rokowanie dla pacjentów z rakiem komórek Hürthle może być dobre, szczególnie w przypadku guzów minimalnie inwazyjnych.831

Podsumowanie objawów i przebiegu

Rak komórek Hürthle jest rzadkim, ale agresywnym typem nowotworu tarczycy, który w początkowych stadiach często przebiega bezobjawowo. Gdy pojawiają się objawy, najczęściej obejmują one wyczuwalny guzek na szyi, ból, trudności w przełykaniu, chrypkę oraz duszność. Choroba ma tendencję do inwazji naczyniowej i może dawać przerzuty zarówno do regionalnych węzłów chłonnych, jak i do odległych narządów, zwłaszcza płuc i kości.

Przebieg choroby zależy od wielu czynników, w tym wieku pacjenta, płci, wielkości guza, stopnia inwazji naczyniowej oraz obecności przerzutów w momencie rozpoznania. Rozpoznanie we wczesnym stadium choroby znacząco poprawia rokowanie, jednak ze względu na często bezobjawowy przebieg początkowy, diagnoza jest często opóźniona.

Szczególnie istotne jest długotrwałe monitorowanie pacjentów po leczeniu z powodu stosunkowo wysokiego ryzyka nawrotu choroby, nawet wiele lat po pierwotnym leczeniu. Wczesne wykrycie i odpowiednie leczenie są kluczowe dla poprawy rokowania w tej rzadkiej, ale potencjalnie zagrażającej życiu chorobie.

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Hurthle cell cancer | UM Health-Sparrow
    https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/hurthle-cell-cancer
    Hurthle cell cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, and it’s sometimes detected during a physical examination or an imaging test done for some other reason. […] When they do occur, signs and symptoms may include: A lump in the neck, just below the Adam’s apple, Pain in the neck or throat, Hoarseness or other changes in your voice, Shortness of breath, Swallowing difficulty. […] These signs and symptoms don’t necessarily mean that you have Hurthle cell cancer. They may be indications of other medical conditions such as inflammation of the thyroid gland or an enlargement of the thyroid (goiter).
  • #2 Hurthle cell thyroid cancer: Symptoms, causes, and more
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hurthle-cell-thyroid-cancer
    Some people with HCT cancer do not have any symptoms. In these cases, doctors may discover the cancer during tests for a separate health issue. […] Some people with HCT cancer notice a lump or growth in their neck. […] In rare cases, a person may develop signs and symptoms of HCT cancer only after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. […] HCT cancer can cause similar complications to other malignant or benign tumors of the thyroid. Complications can occur as a result of the tumor pressing into surrounding tissues and structures such as the vocal cords, larynx, or voice box, trachea, esophagus, mediastinum, which is the hollow part of the chest containing the heart and other organs, and nerves. […] As the tumor grows, a person may develop complications such as voice changes, breathing difficulties, and trouble swallowing. […] HCT cancer often spreads to other areas of the body, causing additional symptoms. Common areas for this cancer to spread include the lymph nodes, lungs, and bones.
  • #3 Hurthle Cell Cancer Diagnosis
    https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-cancer/hurthle/diagnosis
    The diagnosis of hurthle cell/oncocytic cancer (also called hurthle cell/oncocytic carcinoma) is usually found in individuals without any symptoms whatsoever. […] Because most patients with hurthle cell cancer have no symptoms, the diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer is most commonly found by accident in the evaluation for other reasons. […] Hurthle cell cancer patients rarely present with symptoms, but when symptoms do exist, the most common symptom is a lump in the neck. Other symptoms which may occur with the diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer may include changes in the quality of their voice, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and pain or tenderness in or around the neck or ear. Any diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer associated with change in voice, swallowing, difficulty breathing or pain are very serious symptoms and require prompt and thorough evaluation.
  • #4 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma NYC | Hurthle Cell Cancer Surgery
    https://www.ent-newyork.com/hurthle-cell-carcinoma-nyc.htm
    Timely detection of Hurthle cell carcinoma in NYC can help treat this rare disease. Hurthle cell cancer is one of the least common thyroid cancers. However, it is also a more aggressive form of cancer than other types. Hurthle cell carcinoma can grow quickly, leading to the formation of firm lumps around the neck. Patients may not notice these lumps during the cancers early stages. […] The most common sign of Hurthle cell carcinoma is the presence of firm lumps that can be seen and felt around the throat. These lumps can quickly increase in size. As these masses continue to grow, they can compress surrounding structures like the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (food pipe). As a result, patients with Hurthle cell cancer may experience discomfort or difficulty when swallowing, speaking, and breathing. Some patients experience enlarged, swollen lymph nodes. A hoarse or raspy voice may also be a symptom of Hurthle cell carcinoma.
  • #5 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma (Oncocytic Carcinoma) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279462-clinical
    The history in patients with a thyroid nodule or a known follicular or Hrthle cell neoplasm is neither sensitive nor specific for a diagnosis of malignancy. However, the following clinical features are more suggestive of malignancy: […] Symptoms of pressure (eg, dysphagia, dyspnea, coughing, choking spells, hoarseness) […] Rapid growth or significant compressive symptoms […] Pain […] Lymph node metastasis and symptoms confined to metastatic sites can be the first clinical presentation in a subgroup of cases […] Most patients with Hrthle cell cancer and Hrthle cell adenomas are euthyroid, but in rare cases, signs of thyrotoxicosis may be present; either massive tumor burden or functioning metastatic disease causes thyrotoxicosis.
  • #6 Oncocytic (Hürthle Cell) Thyroid Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568736/
    Oncocytic carcinoma typically presents as a thyroid nodule, often occurring in middle-aged women. However, the clinical features of this disease process vary, ranging from an asymptomatic clinical course to symptoms such as dysphagia, voice changes, or hoarseness due to local invasion. […] Symptoms, when present, may include a palpable nodule that has grown over time, dysphagia, voice changes, or signs of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury such as hoarseness. Given the higher likelihood of distant metastases, particularly to the lungs and bones, clinicians should assess for bone pain and new respiratory symptoms. […] The prognosis of oncocytic carcinoma is influenced by various clinical, pathological, and socioeconomic factors, reflecting its relatively aggressive nature compared to other differentiated thyroid cancers. The 10-year survival rate for patients with oncocytic carcinoma can exceed 90%, especially when detected early and managed effectively. However, prognosis declines significantly for those with advanced disease or unfavorable characteristics.
  • #7 Follicular and Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer | Columbia Surgery
    https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/follicular-and-hurthle-cell-thyroid-cancer
    Most follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid cancers do not cause symptoms (i.e. they are asymptomatic). In fact, many patients will not know that they are there. Patients with large nodules may notice a palpable mass (i.e. a mass they can feel) or a visible mass (i.e. a mass they can see). Very large nodules may cause compressive symptoms which include difficulty swallowing, food or pills getting „stuck” when they swallow, and pressure or shortness of breath when lying flat. In cases of advanced cancer that are growing (i.e. invading) into surrounding structures, patients may develop hoarseness or difficulty swallowing. Enlarged neck lymph nodes that are concerning for cancer include those that are non-tender, firm, growing, and/or do not shrink over time. Patients with compressive symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, hoarseness, and/or a rapidly growing nodule should seek medical evaluation right away.
  • #8 Hurthle cell carcinoma: a rare variant of thyroid malignancy – a case report
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10205327/
    Hurthle cell carcinoma initially presents with a single, painless palpable mass in the thyroid with pressure symptoms in advanced cases including dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness. Pain, rapid growth, or significant compressive symptoms are suggestive of an invasive one. […] HCC can present with a wide range of sign and symptoms ranging from a small lump over the neck to a change in voice/hoarseness and breathing difficulty. With early diagnosis of the case and effective treatment it has shown a very good prognosis.
  • #9 Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and More
    https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/cancer/hurthle-cell-carcinoma
    Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that begins in the thyroid gland, a small gland in the base of your neck. While the early stages of the disease may be asymptomatic, late-stage symptoms can include a lump in the neck, pain, and shortness of breath. […] Early-stage Hürthle cell carcinomas may not cause any symptoms. Advanced cases, on the other hand, may cause the lymph nodes in the head and neck to become atypically enlarged. Other symptoms include: dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing; dyspnea, which is shortness of breath; changes in your voice; neck or throat pain; weight loss; fatigue. […] Symptoms may include a lump in the neck, pain, and shortness of breath.
  • #10 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Hurthle cell cancer | Swiss Medical Network
    https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20373556
    Hurthle cell cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, and it’s sometimes detected during a physical examination or an imaging test done for some other reason. […] When they do occur, signs and symptoms may include: A lump in the neck, just below the Adam’s apple, Pain in the neck or throat, Hoarseness or other changes in your voice, Shortness of breath, Swallowing difficulty. […] These signs and symptoms don’t necessarily mean that you have Hurthle cell cancer. They may be indications of other medical conditions such as inflammation of the thyroid gland or an enlargement of the thyroid (goiter). […] Possible complications of Hurthle cell cancer include: Problems with swallowing and breathing. They can occur if the cancer grows and presses on the food tube (esophagus) and windpipe (trachea). […] Spread of the cancer. Hurthle cell cancer can spread (metastasize) to other tissues and organs, making treatment and recovery more difficult.
  • #11 Hurthle Cell Cancer Diagnosis
    https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-cancer/hurthle/diagnosis
    The diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer is associated with spread to lymph nodes of the neck in at least 20% of cases. […] The diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer spread to distant sites of the body may occur in around 30% of patients. […] The diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer is rarely associated with high thyroid function (hyperthyroidism) or low thyroid function (hypothyroidism). […] The diagnosis of hurthle cell cancer, in patients above 50 years of age, has a significant risk of lung metastasis when vascular invasion, soft tissue invasion, or lymph node spread has been found.
  • #12 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma NYC | Hurthle Cell Cancer Surgery
    https://www.ent-newyork.com/hurthle-cell-carcinoma-nyc.htm
    Many patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma do not present any symptoms (especially in the cancers earliest stages). […] The earliest stages may not display any symptoms. […] Lumps around the neck or throat that are firm to the touch. […] Lumps that get visibly larger over time. […] Swollen lymph nodes. […] Pain. […] Discomfort around the throat. […] Voice hoarseness. […] Issues swallowing. […] Difficulty breathing. […] Chronic dry cough.
  • #13 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Hurthle-Cell-Thyroid-Cancer.aspx
    Hrthle cell thyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer that involves abnormal cell growth originating in the thyroid gland and accounts for approximately 4% of cases of thyroid cancer. It is more likely to affect women than men and is usually diagnosed at around 50 years of age. […] The signs and symptoms of Hrthle cell thyroid cancer are similar to other types of cancer of the thyroid gland and may include: A growth or lump on the thyroid gland (at the base of the neck), A chronic hoarse voice, Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), Dyspnea (shortness of breath), Persistent cough. […] Hrthle cell thyroid cancer is less likely to spread to the lymph glands in the neck than follicular thyroid cancers. However, it can affect other parts of the body in advanced cases.
  • #14 Hurthle cell cancer
    https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/h/hurthle-cell-cancer2/
    Hurthle cell cancer doesn’t always cause symptoms, and it’s sometimes detected during a physical examination or an imaging test done for some other reason. […] Signs and symptoms of Hurthle cell cancer may include: A lump in your neck, just below your Adam’s apple; Pain in your neck or throat; Hoarseness or other changes in your voice; Shortness of breath; Swallowing difficulty. […] These signs and symptoms don’t necessarily mean you have Hurthle cell cancer. They may be indications of other medical conditions — such as inflammation of the thyroid gland or a noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid (goiter). […] Hurthle cell cancer can be more aggressive than other types of thyroid cancer.
  • #15 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma (Oncocytic Carcinoma): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279462-overview
    Hrthle cell cancer reportedly behaves in a more aggressive fashion than other well-differentiated thyroid cancers, with a tendency to higher frequency of metastasis and a lower survival rate. This is truer for the lesions that are clearly demonstrated to be malignant and in patients who are considered to be at high risk based on such factors as age, tumor size, invasiveness, and the presence of metastasis. Widely invasive tumors behave more aggressively. Recurrent Hrthle cell carcinomas are considered to be incurable. […] Hrthle cell cancer has the highest incidence of metastasis among the differentiated thyroid cancers. Metastatic disease is reported at the time of initial diagnosis in 10-20% of patients and in 34% of the patients overall. Metastasis usually occurs hematogenously, but lymph node metastasis is also not uncommon and typically involves the regional lymph nodes. Some studies suggest that lymph node metastases at initial diagnosis may not be an unfavorable prognostic factor.
  • #16 Hurthle cell carcinoma: current perspectives | OTT
    https://www.dovepress.com/huumlrthle-cell-carcinoma-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OTT
    HCC generally has a more aggressive clinical behavior compared with the other differentiated thyroid cancers, and it is associated with a higher rate of distant metastases. […] HCC is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior compared to other differentiated thyroid cancers; for example, it is more often seen with a higher rate of distant metastases.
  • #17 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma (Oncocytic Carcinoma): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279462-overview
    In a study of 56 patients with Hrthle cell cancer treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer center, recurrence was a significant predictor of tumor-related mortality, and extent of invasion was the most significant predictor of outcome. […] Overall survival rates reportedly are similar or worse in patients with Hrthle cell carcinoma compared with rates for persons with follicular carcinoma. In a case series of Hrthle cell carcinoma, mortality rates at 5, 10, and 20 years were 8%, 18%, and 33%, respectively. […] In a study of 108 patients with metastatic Hrthle cell thyroid carcinoma, Besic et al reported that sites of metastasis, in decreasing order of frequency, were lung, bone, mediastinum, kidney, and liver. Overall 10-year disease-specific survival was 60%. Median disease-specific survival after the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 72 months for patients with pulmonary metastases and 138 months for patients with metastases at other sites.
  • #18 Recurrent Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma does not preclude long-term survival: a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-02987-z
    A search of the literature revealed only scattered reports on patients with multiple metastases in unusual locations. Furthermore, the observed long-term survival of our patient is contradictory to the existing data. As demonstrated, recurrent disease may appear years after the initial diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of consistent aftercare. […] In summary, our case exemplifies that thorough aftercare and aggressive treatment enables long-term survival even in recurrent Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma displaying unusual multisite metastases. […] In this case, we present the history of a patient suffering from an oxyphilic variant of a minimally invasive FTC, now known as HCTC. […] In our patient, we observed metastases in different organs and soft tissue (that is, lung, heart, kidney, pancreas, and skeletal muscle) over a period of more than 14 years.
  • #19 What Is Hurthle Cell Cancer?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/cancer/hurthle-cell-cancer
    Hurthle cell cancer is a rare cancer that affects the thyroid gland. It is more common in women and older individuals. It accounts for three to five percent of all thyroid cancers and is the more aggressive type that spreads to other parts of the body (metastasis). […] In most patients, Hurthle cell cancer does not show any symptoms. However, large thyroid nodules can cause signs and symptoms which include: throat pain, a lump below Adam’s apple in the neck, choking sensation, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes. […] Other symptoms that occur in the whole body may include: tiredness, unexplained weight loss, and muscle wasting (muscle loss that causes shrinking and weakening of muscles). […] Cancer cells can spread to nearby or distant organs, making treatment and recovery difficult. In addition, cancer that grows in size and causes pressure on the windpipe (trachea) and food pipe (esophagus) can cause complications of difficulty breathing and swallowing. […] Hurthle cell thyroid cancers are more aggressive than papillary-type cancers. But metastasis, or the spread of these to other tissues or organs, is comparatively rare. The cancer can spread through the blood or lymph nodes.
  • #20 Hurthle cell cancer: thoughts running away with me – Macmillan Online Community
    https://community.macmillan.org.uk/cancer_types/thyroid-cancer-forum/f/general/197404/hurthle-cell-cancer-thoughts-running-away-with-me
    Struggling a bit. Got my diagnosis of hurtle cell cancer (3cm minimally-invasive tumour) a couple of weeks ago, following a hemithyroidectory in January 2020. […] But now my thoughts are running away with me, primarily because since last September I have had quite severe insomnia, weakness, and lethargy, which I can’t help but connect with having cancer. […] Insomnia is easily connected to cancer because your mind is whirring away and stressing out. You’ve got too many worries to be able to sleep properly. Lethargy is connected to that, because if you don’t sleep then you’re obviously going to be tired and on a bit of a go slow. […] The CT scan is because the results came back as minimally invasive. This, I believe, means that there was some attempt made at invasion, but it was a small and pathetic one.
  • #21 Hurthle cell carcinoma symptoms, treatments & forums | PatientsLikeMe
    https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/hurthle-cell-carcinoma
    Hurthle cell carcinoma is a rare type of thyroid cancer. It can either be benign or malignant. Hurthle cell carcinoma has the highest rate of metastases of any differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The most common treatment for this type of cancer is surgical removal of the thyroid. […] Common symptoms include anxious mood, depressed mood, stress, fatigue, and pain. […] 0 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report severe anxious mood (0%). […] 2 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report mild anxious mood (100%). […] 0 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report severe depressed mood (0%). […] 2 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report mild depressed mood (100%). […] 0 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report severe stress (0%). […] 1 a Hurthle cell carcinoma patient reports mild stress (100%). […] 0 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report severe fatigue (0%). […] 2 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report mild fatigue (66%). […] 1 a Hurthle cell carcinoma patient reports no fatigue (33%). […] 0 Hurthle cell carcinoma patients report severe pain (0%). […] 1 a Hurthle cell carcinoma patient reports mild pain (50%).
  • #22 Hurthle cell cancer: thoughts running away with me – Macmillan Online Community
    https://community.macmillan.org.uk/cancer_types/thyroid-cancer-forum/f/general/197404/hurthle-cell-cancer-thoughts-running-away-with-me
    I still can’t say 100% that it was linked to the cancer but I feel it must have been as it was completely different to any sleeping problems I might have had in the past. It was as if something in my body was stopping me sleeping, including napping during the day which I usually do quite a lot of! […] Constipation which had troubled me for months has also improved a lot. […] Now that the tumour has been removed, it does seem as though my body is behaving more normally in really key ways.
  • #23 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma | Thyroid Cancers
    https://thyroidcancers.in/hurthle-cell-carcinoma/
    Symptoms of Hurthle cell carcinomaHurthle cell cancer often presents with symptoms that are similar to other types of thyroid cancer, including: A lump in the neck […] Difficulty swallowing […] Hoarseness or voice changes […] Neck pain […] Difficulty breathing […] Unexplained weight loss […] Fatigue […] Hurthle cell carcinoma usually grows more slowly compared to some other aggressive cancers. However, this can vary significantly from person to person. […] Although Hurthle cell cancer generally grows more slowly, it has a higher likelihood of recurring or spreading compared to other thyroid cancers. Early detection and management are crucial for improving outcomes.
  • #24 Hurthle Cell Cancer Overview
    https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-cancer/hurthle
    Hurthle cell cancer typically starts within the thyroid as growth, or bump (nodule) in the thyroid that grows out of the otherwise normal thyroid tissue. […] Since hurthle cell cancer usually doesnt have any symptoms, the cancer grows slowly for years and has time for the hurthle cell cancer to spread into the lymph nodes which are doing their job of capturing the cancerous cells before they can spread further. The hurthle cell cancer basically gets stuck in the lymph node something like a filter. Our bodies dont have any ability to remove the cancer from this filter system and therefore the cancer cells begin growing within the lymph nodes. […] Hurthle cell cancer has a greater risk of growing into blood vessels in and around the thyroid. This is called angioinvasion. This occurs, in fact, more frequently than hurthle cell cancer spreads to lymph nodes.
  • #25 Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/hurthle-cell-thyroid-cancer
    A 2020 study notes that, for many, the first symptoms of HCC include thyroid nodules and swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck. […] Most of the time, thyroid nodules are asymptomatic, meaning that they cause no symptoms. […] Larger nodules are generally more likely to cause symptoms, such as a bump or lump in your neck that you can feel and pain or discomfort in the front of your neck. […] When nodules become very large, they can cause symptoms such as: hoarseness, a tickle in your throat that may cause you to cough, difficulty swallowing, trouble breathing. […] HCC is more aggressive than many other types of thyroid cancer. That means it can grow and spread more quickly. However, the outlook can be positive when its diagnosed in early stages, before it has spread beyond the thyroid.
  • #26 Thyroid cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thyroid-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20354161
    Typowe objawy raka tarczycy to: […] Zwykle rak tarczycy nie wywołuje żadnych oznak ani objawów we wczesnych stadiach. W miarę wzrostu mogą wystąpić: guzek (nodoł) wyczuwalny przez skórę na szyi, uczucie, że obcisłe kołnierze koszul stają się zbyt ciasne, zmiany głosu, w tym narastająca chrypka, trudności w połykaniu, powiększone węzły chłonne w szyi, ból w szyi i gardle. […] Rak Hurthle cell jest rzadkim rodzajem raka tarczycy, który był kiedyś uważany za rodzaj raka pęcherzykowego. Teraz uznaje się go za własny typ, ponieważ komórki nowotworowe zachowują się inaczej i reagują na różne terapie. Nowotwory Hurthle cell są agresywne i mogą rosnąć, aby zaangażować struktury w szyi i rozprzestrzeniać się na inne części ciała.
  • #27 Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Hurthle cell carcinoma: a population based study | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-020-06915-0
    Thyroid Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a rare disease with high risk of invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. […] HCC is characterized by capsule invasion and/or vascular invasion. […] Compared to differentiated thyroid carcinoma, HCC has high risk of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis and is less sensitive to radioiodine therapy. […] The distant disease group had significantly more male patients, multifocal tumors, and extensive tumors compared to the local disease group. […] Male gender, multifocal tumors, and extended tumors are associated with increased risk of late stage HCC. Age over 45 years, distant SEER stage, and late T-stage are independent risk factors for mortality in HCC. […] The first symptoms of HCC patients may include thyroid nodules or cervical lymphadenectasis.
  • #28 Hürthle-Cell cancer with extensive vascular invasion has a higher risk of recurrence than follicular-cell cancer
    https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/september-2022/vol-15-issue-9-p-11-12/
    Hurthle-cell cancer with extensive vascular invasion has a higher risk of recurrence than follicular-cell cancer. […] Patients with Hurthle-cell cancer were more likely to be older than 55 and tended to present with more extensive vascular invasion than with follicular cancer (33% vs. 19%). […] Regardless of the type of thyroid cancer, patients with extensive vascular invasion had worse recurrence rates compared with focal or no vascular invasion (10-year recurrence-free survival 77% if extensive vascular invasion, 95% if focal vascular invasion and 100% if no vascular invasion). […] In addition, patients with Hurthle-cell cancers with extensive/wide vascular invasion were more likely to experience a recurrence of their cancer than follicular thyroid cancer with extensive/wide vascular invasion (10-year recurrence-free survival 98%, vs 78%).
  • #29 Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancers | Baylor Medicine
    https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/oncology/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/poorly-differentiated-thyroid-cancer
    Hurthle cell thyroid cancer does usually not cause symptoms. Some patients with large nodules or advanced Hurtle cell thyroid cancer may notice: […] Difficulty swallowing […] Hoarseness […] Shortness of breath when laying down […] Pain (rare) […] Hurthle cell thyroid cancer tends to affect older adults and has a slightly poorer prognosis than follicular and papillary types. It spreads to the lymph nodes about 20% of the time.
  • #30 Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Hurthle cell carcinoma: a population based study | BMC Cancer | Full Text
    https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-020-06915-0
    HCC is associated with a higher metastasis rate and a lower survival rate compared to other differentiated thyroid cancers. HCC with distant metastases has a 5-year mortality rate of up to 80%. […] Age, tumor size, and sex are prognostic factors of HCC, and tumor extension and recurrence often indicate poor prognosis and increased mortality. […] The reported 5-year and 10-year survival rates for nonmetastatic HCC are 85.1 and 71.1%, respectively. […] The SEER stage is an independent prognostic factor for HCC, and distant disease is associated with significantly poor prognosis.
  • #31 Thyroid Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/1/26
    Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) represents 3–4% of thyroid carcinoma cases. It is considered to be more aggressive than non-oncocytic thyroid carcinomas. […] HCC is more often observed in females in their 50–60s. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, but indicators of malignancy are male, older age, tumor size > 4 cm, a solid nodule with an irregular border, or the presence of psammoma calcifications according to ultrasound. […] Indicators of malignancy among Hürthle cell tumors include male, tumor size >4 cm, US class ≥ 3, older age (HCC 51.8 years old vs. Hürthle cell adenoma 43.1). […] HCC has been thought to lead to a worse prognosis than that for non-oncocytic tumors. Prognosis differs between minimally and widely invasive HCCs. As long as the tumor is minimally invasive and non-angioinvasive, prognosis is excellent. No recurrence was observed only among patients with minimally invasive HCCs. If widely invasive HCC is observed in males, older age (>45) with more than four foci of angioinvasion, larger than 4 cm, and/or TNM stage III–IV, prognosis is poor.
  • #32 Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/hurthle-cell-thyroid-carcinoma-3?lang=us
    Hrthle cell carcinomas comprise approximately 5% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas and are typically diagnosed after the age of 40 years with a possible slight female predominance. […] Hrthle cell tumors originate from follicular cells within thyroid follicles and they may manifest as benign Hrthle cell adenomas or malignant Hrthle cell carcinomas, with characteristics such as capsular/vascular invasion, infiltration of the thyroid gland, locoregional lymph node involvement, or metastatic spread. […] Overall survival for Hrthle cell carcinoma is similar to that of comparably staged follicular cell carcinoma. Increasing age, male sex, and increasing tumor size substantially diminish survival in patients with Hrthle cell carcinoma.
  • #33 Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/hurthle-cell-thyroid-cancer
    HCC can also come back after treatment. This is called recurrence. Researchers have estimated that 12% to 33% of people with HCC will experience a recurrence. […] Contact your doctor if you notice a new lump or bump in your neck, swollen lymph nodes in your neck, or pain in the front of your neck. While these symptoms may not be caused by thyroid cancer, they may indicate other conditions that need attention.
  • #34 Follicular and Hurthle Cell Thyroid Cancer | Columbia Surgery
    https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/follicular-and-hurthle-cell-thyroid-cancer
    Fortunately, patients with follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid cancer rarely need chemotherapy or traditional external beam radiation therapy. After surgery for follicular or Hurthle cell thyroid cancer, it is important to be examined regularly for signs that the cancer may have recurred. In general, patients should have a thyroglobulin blood test, TSH level, and USG of the neck every 6 months to a year. If the thyroglobulin level starts to go up, there are suspicious physical exam findings, or there are concerning nodules on USG, a RAI scan and/or FNAB may be done to determine if there is a recurrence.
  • #35 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma: Essential Facts And InformationAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontResetSitemap
    https://brio-medical.com/hurthle-cell-carcinoma/
    Hurthle cell carcinoma may not present any symptoms in its early stages. However, as the cancer grows, patients may experience an enlarged thyroid gland, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness, and neck pain. […] The prognosis for Hurthle cell carcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient’s age and overall health, and the type of treatment received. The overall five-year survival rate for Hurthle cell carcinoma is around 75%. […] For localized tumors that have not spread beyond the thyroid gland, the 10-year survival rate approaches 90%. However, if the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body, the prognosis becomes less favorable. […] Patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma that has recurred after treatment or has spread to other parts of the body have a lower survival rate. However, there are still treatment options available that can help manage the cancer and improve the patient’s quality of life.
  • #36 Researchers Uncover Clues to Treating Rare Thyroid Cancer
    https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/researchers-uncover-clues-to-treating-rare-thyroid-cancer
    Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer that is not responsive to standard therapies like radioactive iodine. When the disease spreads, it becomes extremely difficult to treat. […] Earlier studies indicated that mTOR signaling is altered in HCC, suggesting this pathway as potential therapeutic targets. One small clinical trial found that combining the mTOR inhibitor everolimus with the kinase inhibitor sorafenib significantly improved progression-free survival over sorafenib alone. […] The data revealed that the microenvironment in HCC is often low in immune cells. Tumors that had a global loss of heterozygosity (LOH) had very low levels of immune infiltration, which may indicate a low probability of responding to immunotherapy. Notably, mTOR inhibitors work by blocking the mTOR pathway, which can be essential for tumor growth and survival, whereas immunotherapies work by activating the immune system to recognize the tumor as foreign.