Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21524-cholangiocarcinoma

  Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) is a rare, aggressive form of cancer. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Most people receive a cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis after its already spread outside of their bile ducts. At this point, bile duct cancer is difficult to treat, and the prognosis (chance of recovery) is usually poor. […] Cholangiocarcinoma treatment depends on where its located and if it has spread. Surgery can treat bile duct cancers that havent spread. But most bile duct cancers have spread by the time theyre diagnosed. […] If surgery alone wont eliminate cholangiocarcinoma, your healthcare provider may recommend a combination of treatments to slow cancer growth or provide palliative care that relieves symptoms. […] Cholangiocarcinoma treatment may include: Surgery: Removes all or part of your bile duct or affected organs.

• #2 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #3 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #4 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Cancer of the bile duct (also called cholangiocarcinoma) is extremely rare. The true incidence of bile duct cancer is unknown because establishing an accurate diagnosis is difficult. […] Many bile duct cancers are multifocal. In most patients, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery and is incurable. Palliative measures such as resection, radiation therapy (e.g., brachytherapy or external-beam radiation therapy), or stenting procedures may maintain adequate biliary drainage and allow for improved quality of life. […] If a patient is medically fit for surgery and the tumor is amenable to surgical resection, surgical exploration is performed. Pathological examination of the resected specimen is done to establish definitive pathological staging. […] Complete resection with negative surgical margins offers the only chance of cure for bile duct cancer. For localized, resectable extrahepatic and intrahepatic tumors, the presence of involved lymph nodes and perineural invasion are significant adverse prognostic factors.

• #5

  https://www.karmanos.org/karmanos/bile-duct-cancer-treated-at-karmanos

  Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts. Bile duct cancer is also called cholangiocarcinoma. There are two types of bile duct cancer: […] Treatment for bile duct cancer can include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. New treatments are being tested in clinical trials including liver transplant, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

• #6 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the bile duct. Most often, symptoms of CCA are noticed late in the disease process and therefore lead to a late diagnosis. Cholangiocarcinoma is relatively rare in the US, with approximately 8000 new diagnoses occurring each year. However, the number of diagnosed cases of intrahepatic CCA (CCA within the bile ducts in the liver) is increasing. People who have a history of prior bile duct disease or inflammation are at increased risk of developing CCA. A history of cirrhosis, swelling of the part of the bile duct outside the liver (choledochal cyst), exposure to certain chemicals (eg, nitrosamines polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), and older age can increase the risk of developing CCA. […] There are a variety of tests that may be performed to tell your healthcare team more about your overall health, how well your kidneys and liver are working, specific characteristics of your tumor, and other information that can help guide treatment planning and other decisions. Your doctor may have ordered blood tests such as liver function tests and imaging studies to help support a diagnosis of CCA.

• #7 What is Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma)? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/bile-duct-cancer.html

  Biliary cancers (also called cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancers) are relatively uncommon in the United States. […] Bile duct cancer is treated in our Gastrointestinal Center. […] Our teams also provide supportive care and management for bile duct cancer side effects like bile duct obstruction, malnutrition and digestive issues.

• #8 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #9 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #10 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment

  Surgery is the preferred treatment for bile duct cancer and offers the best chance for a cure. […] A comprehensive program to support the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of people with bile duct cancer during and after treatment. This includes nurses who are trained specifically to care for people with bile duct cancer during outpatient chemotherapy or after surgery.

• #11 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #12 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #13 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #14 Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/bile-duct-cancer

  Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare cancer that forms in the tubes (ducts) that run in and out of your liver and carry bile, which helps you digest food. Bile duct cancer poses serious health risks if left untreated because it could block your bile ducts and spread to other organs, causing a range of problems from liver failure to sepsis. […] Dukes team of bile duct cancer specialists includes surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, gastroenterologists, and pathologists who have advanced training in gastrointestinal cancer. This team approach ensures you receive an accurate diagnosis and the most effective treatment for your condition. […] When diagnosing the stage and possible spread of bile duct cancer, your care team may suggest several tests to better understand how the disease is affecting you. This allows us to create a personalized treatment plan specific to your needs.

• #15 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #16 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #17 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20352416

  Physicians consulting Cholangiocarcinoma team members consult. A multidisciplinary team collaborates to provide individualized, comprehensive care for people with bile duct cancer. Mayo Clinic offers compassionate care by experienced doctors for people with cholangiocarcinoma. At Mayo Clinic, experts work together to provide you with exactly the care you need. Your care team is made up of experts in cholangiocarcinoma, including specialists in gastroenterology and hepatology, radiology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, surgery, transplant, and other areas if needed. This coordinated team approach fosters clear communication focused on your situation. Close collaboration among your Mayo Clinic care team members enables them to have your test results available quickly and to coordinate your appointments. Mayo Clinic offers all standard treatments for cholangiocarcinoma, including surgery, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy and other drug treatments. Mayo Clinic also offers palliative care, which is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. At Mayo Clinic, palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Mayo Clinic cholangiocarcinoma specialists are respected for their knowledge, experience and expertise. Specialists have extensive experience caring for people with bile duct cancers and they perform a high volume of operations and procedures on the liver and bile ducts. Mayo Clinic surgeons pioneered the use of liver transplant to treat hilar cholangiocarcinoma. They have performed many liver transplant procedures and other surgical procedures to treat bile duct cancers.

• #18 Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/bile-duct-cancer

  Your treatment and ongoing care are discussed every week during a meeting of our cancer specialists in surgery, radiology, medical oncology, and gastroenterology. This team evaluates the status of every patient, so your personalized care plan is always updated based on your needs. […] Surgery to remove cancer from your bile ducts is complex and requires a high degree of experience and expertise. Studies show that patients who undergo complex surgical procedures in major cancer centers like ours experience fewer surgical complications, shorter hospital stays, and a faster recovery.

• #19 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #20 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #21 Learn About Bile Duct Cancer

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gastrointestinal-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/

  Oncology nurse navigators help patients through the entire bile duct cancer journey, from securing initial appointments to coordinating follow-up visits related to treatments and procedures, all the way through aspects of survivorship. […] Our oncology nurse navigators will guide you through your bile duct cancer journey.

• #22 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #23 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Cancer of the bile duct (also called cholangiocarcinoma) is extremely rare. The true incidence of bile duct cancer is unknown because establishing an accurate diagnosis is difficult. […] Many bile duct cancers are multifocal. In most patients, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery and is incurable. Palliative measures such as resection, radiation therapy (e.g., brachytherapy or external-beam radiation therapy), or stenting procedures may maintain adequate biliary drainage and allow for improved quality of life. […] If a patient is medically fit for surgery and the tumor is amenable to surgical resection, surgical exploration is performed. Pathological examination of the resected specimen is done to establish definitive pathological staging. […] Complete resection with negative surgical margins offers the only chance of cure for bile duct cancer. For localized, resectable extrahepatic and intrahepatic tumors, the presence of involved lymph nodes and perineural invasion are significant adverse prognostic factors.

• #24 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21524-cholangiocarcinoma

  A liver transplant may also be a potential option for curing cholangiocarcinoma. […] But only a small amount of bile duct cancers are curable because theyre usually not diagnosed until the cancer has already spread. At this point, its impossible to get rid of cholangiocarcinoma with surgery alone. […] Cleveland Clinics cancer experts diagnose and treat bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) with the latest therapies and compassionate care that focuses on you.

• #25 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment for International Patients | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/international/treatments-and-specialties/cancer-care/bile-duct-cancer

  Mass General Brigham surgeons have perfected other aggressive surgical procedures, including: Bile duct removal: If you have a small perihilar bile duct tumor confined to the bile duct outside, but near, the liver, your surgeon may remove the entire bile duct and make a connection to your small intestine. This allows the bile to flow again. If the cancer has spread to nearby tissues, the surgeon may need to remove that tissue and nearby lymph nodes for testing. […] Partial hepatectomy (liver resection): This procedure involves removing the part of your liver where the intrahepatic bile duct cancer is found. Surrounding normal tissue is also removed and tested to be sure the cancer is gone. […] Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): If the bile duct cancer is close to your pancreas, your surgeon removes your bile duct and gallbladder, along with part of your pancreas, stomach and the first part of your small intestine.

• #26 Management of Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Section of Abdominal Transplant Surgery | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://transplantsurgery.wustl.edu/bile-duct/current-management-of-cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Washington University liver surgeons at Barnes-Jewish Hospital offer the option of liver removal and liver transplantation to patients with cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) confined to the bile ducts. […] The preferred treatment of cholangiocarcinoma is surgical removal, and this usually can be performed for cholangiocarcinomas that arise in the liver or in the lower end of the bile duct within the pancreas gland (usually with the Whipple procedure). […] Patients with cholangiocarcinoma who are not candidates for removal but are eligible for liver transplantation undergo radiologic imaging and laparoscopic examination to ensure there is no cancer outside of the bile ducts and liver. They receive courses in chemotherapy and chemoradiation to control their cancers. […] Both the cancer and the obstruction are treated in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice when it is possible. […] Palliative treatment to clear obstructions and relieve jaundice may be undertaken in patients with unresectable disease.

• #27 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment for International Patients | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/international/treatments-and-specialties/cancer-care/bile-duct-cancer

  Mass General Brigham surgeons have perfected other aggressive surgical procedures, including: Bile duct removal: If you have a small perihilar bile duct tumor confined to the bile duct outside, but near, the liver, your surgeon may remove the entire bile duct and make a connection to your small intestine. This allows the bile to flow again. If the cancer has spread to nearby tissues, the surgeon may need to remove that tissue and nearby lymph nodes for testing. […] Partial hepatectomy (liver resection): This procedure involves removing the part of your liver where the intrahepatic bile duct cancer is found. Surrounding normal tissue is also removed and tested to be sure the cancer is gone. […] Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): If the bile duct cancer is close to your pancreas, your surgeon removes your bile duct and gallbladder, along with part of your pancreas, stomach and the first part of your small intestine.

• #28 What is Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) and Gallbladder Cancer? | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/liver/cholangiocarcinoma

  Sometimes we cannot remove hilar cholangiocarcinoma surgically. This is more likely when the cancer is caused by primary sclerosing cholangitis (an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the bile ducts). For these patients, we offer liver transplantation, combined with radiation and chemotherapy.

• #29 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment

  Surgery is the preferred treatment for bile duct cancer and offers the best chance for a cure. […] A comprehensive program to support the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of people with bile duct cancer during and after treatment. This includes nurses who are trained specifically to care for people with bile duct cancer during outpatient chemotherapy or after surgery.

• #30 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment

  Surgery is the preferred treatment for bile duct cancer and offers the best chance for a cure. […] A comprehensive program to support the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of people with bile duct cancer during and after treatment. This includes nurses who are trained specifically to care for people with bile duct cancer during outpatient chemotherapy or after surgery.

• #31 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Localized intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancer may be completely removed by surgery. These tumors represent a very small number of cases and are usually in the distal common bile duct. […] Most cases of intrahepatic, distal, and perihilar bile duct cancer are unresectable and cannot be completely removed. Often the cancer directly invades the portal vein, the adjacent liver, along the common bile duct, and the adjacent lymph nodes. […] For patients with unresectable bile duct cancer, management is directed at palliation. […] Treatment options for bile duct cancer are described in Table 16. […] The treatment of bile duct cancer depends primarily on whether the cancer can be completely removed by surgery. […] In jaundiced patients, the role of percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage or endoscopic placement of a stent for relief of biliary obstruction is controversial because of inconsistent findings of significant clinical benefit and concerns of increased risk of postoperative complications.

• #32 Cholangiocarcinoma Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/bile-duct-cancer/treatment

  Surgery offers the only potential cure for bile duct cancer. […] Patients need a multidisciplinary care plan that incorporates all potential therapies in the treatment decisions and plan. […] Extensive workup, including scans and endoscopy, is necessary to identify patient who are most likely to be eligible for surgery. […] Following surgery to remove an extrahepatic bile duct tumor, a pathologist examines all resected tissues. […] If the examination reveals that the surgery was unable to remove the entire tumor, or if cancer cells have spread to nearby lymph nodes, patients may undergo radiation with chemotherapy in an attempt to eradicate remaining cancer cells. […] Some extrahepatic bile duct tumors are too extensive to be removed by surgery. […] For these patients, radiation therapy in various combinations with chemotherapy can be used to try to control the cancer.

• #33 Get Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-treatment

  For early-stage bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), we can often remove part of your bile duct or we may take part of your bile duct and a section of your liver (partial hepatectomy). […] Radiation therapy sends high-energy rays to the cancerous tissues. Radiation can destroy cancer cells before surgery to shrink the tumor. Or we may recommend it after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. […] You may have chemotherapy before surgery to shrink a tumor. Or you may have it after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy activates your body’s immune system to find and attack cancer cells. This is an innovative new way to treat bile duct cancer. […] Being diagnosed with a rare cancer like bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) can bring about all kinds of emotions and questions about your future. But you don’t have to make decisions about what comes next alone. Cleveland Clinic has a team of experts with experience in treating advanced bile duct cancer. We’ll help you get the best treatment options. And you’ll have support, guidance and the compassionate care every step of the way.

• #34 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Stents usually are used if the tumor is unresectable or if the patient is not a surgical candidate. […] Adjuvant and preoperative radiation therapy has been used to reduce tumors in an effort to make them resectable. This therapy has been performed with and without concurrent chemotherapy as a radiation sensitizer. […] Adjuvant radiotherapy has been to improve local control, with variable effect on overall survival after complete resection. […] Most often, chemotherapy is given in low doses to act as a radiation sensitizer during a 4- to 5-week course of external-beam radiotherapy. […] A systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant improvement in overall survival with any adjuvant chemotherapy after cholangiocarcinoma surgery compared with surgery only. […] Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure. Unfortunately, only 10% of patients present with early-stage disease and are candidates for curative resection.

• #35 Cholangiocarcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/cholangiocarcinoma/

  For patients with advanced disease or those who are not candidates for surgery, palliative procedures can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Biliary drainage procedures, such as endoscopic stent placement or surgical bypass surgeries, are performed to alleviate symptoms of jaundice caused by biliary obstruction. These procedures can help restore bile flow, relieve associated symptoms such as pruritus and fatigue, and enhance overall comfort. […] Systemic chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma, employing combinations such as gemcitabine and cisplatin. These agents work by disrupting cancer cell division and growth, thereby shrinking tumors and controlling disease progression throughout the body. Chemotherapy is often used in localized and advanced stages of cholangiocarcinoma to reduce tumor burden and improve overall survival.

• #36 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment for International Patients | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/international/treatments-and-specialties/cancer-care/bile-duct-cancer

  Surgical biliary bypass: If your surgeon cannot completely remove the bile duct cancer, a bypass helps lessen symptoms. Connecting your bile duct to a piece of your small intestine creates a new pathway around the tumor to allow the bile to flow to your intestine for normal digestion of fats. This surgery does not cure the cancer but can relieve jaundice and other symptoms. It may precede other treatment. […] Stent placement: If the cancer is blocking your bile duct, your doctor may place a thin tube called a stent into the bile duct. It helps keep the duct open and drains bile that builds up in the area. This prevents symptoms such as pain or jaundice. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs (given intravenously or orally) to destroy cancer cells. It may be employed before or after surgery for bile duct cancer.

• #37 Cholangiocarcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/cholangiocarcinoma/

  Monitoring patients being treated for cholangiocarcinoma entails vigilant observation for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. During treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, it is crucial to conduct regular assessments for chemotherapy-related adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and potential hematologic toxicity. Close monitoring is necessary for adverse events associated with targeted therapies or immunotherapies, which might present as skin reactions, immune-related issues such as neurotoxicity or pneumonitis, or renal or cardiac toxicity. […] Managing biliary obstruction in cholangiocarcinoma requires relieving the obstruction through procedures such as endoscopic stent placement, percutaneous drainage, or surgical intervention. This helps restore bile flow, alleviate symptoms such as jaundice and pruritus, and reduce the risk of complications such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Close monitoring and timely management of these complications are crucial to improving outcomes and enhancing the patients overall well-being.

• #38 Cholangiocarcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/cholangiocarcinoma/

  Monitoring patients being treated for cholangiocarcinoma entails vigilant observation for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. During treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, it is crucial to conduct regular assessments for chemotherapy-related adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and potential hematologic toxicity. Close monitoring is necessary for adverse events associated with targeted therapies or immunotherapies, which might present as skin reactions, immune-related issues such as neurotoxicity or pneumonitis, or renal or cardiac toxicity. […] Managing biliary obstruction in cholangiocarcinoma requires relieving the obstruction through procedures such as endoscopic stent placement, percutaneous drainage, or surgical intervention. This helps restore bile flow, alleviate symptoms such as jaundice and pruritus, and reduce the risk of complications such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Close monitoring and timely management of these complications are crucial to improving outcomes and enhancing the patients overall well-being.

• #39 Bile duct cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/bile-duct-cancer

  Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) is a rare cancer that starts in the lining of the bile duct. […] A team of doctors and healthcare professionals who specialise in treating bile duct cancer work together to plan your treatment. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Some people may be offered treatment to try to cure the cancer. This involves surgery, often followed by chemotherapy. If it is not possible to cure the cancer, you can have treatment to control the growth and help with symptoms. This may be with chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy. […] Your cancer doctor or nurse will talk to you about your treatment options: Sometimes radiotherapy is given on its own or in combination with chemotherapy to reduce the risk of cancer coming back after surgery. It may also be used to treat symptoms caused by bile duct cancer.

• #40 Bile duct cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/

  In cases of stage 1 and stage 2 bile duct cancer, a cure may be possible by surgically removing the affected part of the bile duct, and possibly some of the liver or gallbladder. […] In cases of stage 4 bile duct cancer, achieving a successful cure is highly unlikely. However, stenting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery can often be used to help relieve the symptoms. […] If your bile duct becomes blocked as a result of cancer, treatment to unblock it may be recommended. […] Unblocking the bile duct is sometimes necessary if the flow of bile back into your liver starts to affect the normal functioning of your liver. […] Radiotherapy is not a standard treatment for bile duct cancer, but may help to relieve the symptoms, slow the spread of the cancer and prolong life. […] Chemotherapy is used in a similar way to radiotherapy to relieve the symptoms of cancer, slow down the rate it spreads and prolong life.

• #41 Bile duct cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/bile-duct-cancer

  Surgery is often used to relieve symptoms caused by a bile duct cancer blocking the bowel or bile duct. It may also be used as a main treatment for people who can have surgery to remove the cancer. […] Chemotherapy may be given after surgery to help reduce the risk of the cancer coming back. If surgery is not possible, you may be offered chemotherapy to shrink or slow down the growth of the cancer. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is given on its own or in combination with chemotherapy to reduce the risk of cancer coming back after surgery. It may also be used to treat symptoms caused by bile duct cancer. […] Bile duct cancer often blocks the bile ducts. This can cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Doctors usually treat it by putting a tube (stent) into the blocked bile duct. […] You will have regular check-ups during and after your treatment. Tell your doctor or specialist nurse as soon as possible if you have any problems or notice new symptoms between appointments.

• #42 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  Cancer of the bile duct (also called cholangiocarcinoma) is extremely rare. The true incidence of bile duct cancer is unknown because establishing an accurate diagnosis is difficult. […] Many bile duct cancers are multifocal. In most patients, the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery and is incurable. Palliative measures such as resection, radiation therapy (e.g., brachytherapy or external-beam radiation therapy), or stenting procedures may maintain adequate biliary drainage and allow for improved quality of life. […] If a patient is medically fit for surgery and the tumor is amenable to surgical resection, surgical exploration is performed. Pathological examination of the resected specimen is done to establish definitive pathological staging. […] Complete resection with negative surgical margins offers the only chance of cure for bile duct cancer. For localized, resectable extrahepatic and intrahepatic tumors, the presence of involved lymph nodes and perineural invasion are significant adverse prognostic factors.

• #43 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure for cholangiocarcinoma. Unfortunately, many patients present with unresectable disease. Additional treatment measures in cholangiocarcinoma may include the following: Stenting, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Radiation therapy, Pharmacotherapy. […] For palliative treatment, celiac-plexus block via regional injection of alcohol or other sclerosing agent can relieve pain in the mid back from retroperitoneal tumor growth. In addition, other endoscopic forms of palliation, such as brachytherapy and radiofrequency ablation, have been used. […] Stents can be placed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) to relieve biliary obstruction. Stenting may relieve pruritus and improve quality of life.

• #44 Research Fuels Advances in Bile Duct Cancer Care – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/research-fuels-advances-bile-duct-cancer-care

  „Efforts to identify better biomarkers to help diagnose the disease at an early stage and help gauge response to treatment are important,” explains Dr. Ilyas. […] Dr. Ilyas says research has identified potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. […] „Although we anticipate that liquid biopsy may enhance early detection of cholangiocarcinoma, larger scale studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness,” she says. […] „Systemic treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma were once quite limited and not very effective,” says Dr. Ilyas. […] Targeted therapies are drugs targeting mutations that control how cancer cells grow, divide and spread. […] „The emergence of targeted therapies has broadened treatment options and, in doing so, given much more hope to our patients,” says Dr. Ilyas.

• #45 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment for International Patients | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/international/treatments-and-specialties/cancer-care/bile-duct-cancer

  Targeted therapy is a form of personalized medicine in which a drug is chosen based on the specific genetic mutation or alteration found in your own cells. It may be used before or after surgery. […] Immune therapy is a form of (intravenous) medication that takes the brakes off from the immune system to enable it to attack cancer cells. It is used alone or in combination with chemotherapy to treat bile duct cancers, either before or after surgery. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. The goal is to shrink or eliminate cancer cells without damaging healthy surrounding tissue. It may be employed before or after surgery. […] Interventional radiologists use multiple image-guided techniques to provide minimally invasive cancer treatment. These techniques can be used to help shrink tumors prior to surgery or treat cancers when surgery is not possible.

• #46 Research Fuels Advances in Bile Duct Cancer Care – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/research-fuels-advances-bile-duct-cancer-care

  „Efforts to identify better biomarkers to help diagnose the disease at an early stage and help gauge response to treatment are important,” explains Dr. Ilyas. […] Dr. Ilyas says research has identified potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. […] „Although we anticipate that liquid biopsy may enhance early detection of cholangiocarcinoma, larger scale studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness,” she says. […] „Systemic treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma were once quite limited and not very effective,” says Dr. Ilyas. […] Targeted therapies are drugs targeting mutations that control how cancer cells grow, divide and spread. […] „The emergence of targeted therapies has broadened treatment options and, in doing so, given much more hope to our patients,” says Dr. Ilyas.

• #47 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  Ablation destroys cancer cells by delivering heat or cold through a needle placed into a bile duct tumor. It requires no incisions (cuts) and is effective for some people with isolated tumors who are not candidates for bile duct surgery. […] In this technique, microscopic beads are injected into blood vessels that feed the bile duct tumor to cut off its blood supply. This can kill the tumor.

• #48 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  For photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated drug is injected into a vein. Over time, the drug tends to collect in cancer cells more than in normal cells. A few days later, an endoscope is passed down the throat, through the stomach and intestine, and into the bile ducts. […] PDT can be helpful for people with bile duct cancer whose tumors can’t be removed with surgery.

• #49 Get Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-treatment

  For early-stage bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma), we can often remove part of your bile duct or we may take part of your bile duct and a section of your liver (partial hepatectomy). […] Radiation therapy sends high-energy rays to the cancerous tissues. Radiation can destroy cancer cells before surgery to shrink the tumor. Or we may recommend it after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. […] You may have chemotherapy before surgery to shrink a tumor. Or you may have it after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy activates your body’s immune system to find and attack cancer cells. This is an innovative new way to treat bile duct cancer. […] Being diagnosed with a rare cancer like bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) can bring about all kinds of emotions and questions about your future. But you don’t have to make decisions about what comes next alone. Cleveland Clinic has a team of experts with experience in treating advanced bile duct cancer. We’ll help you get the best treatment options. And you’ll have support, guidance and the compassionate care every step of the way.

• #50 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  Palliative care (also called supportive care) is treatment used to help control or reduce symptoms caused by cancer. It’s not meant to cure the cancer. […] If bile duct cancer has spread too far to be removed by surgery, doctors may focus on palliative treatments. However, palliative treatments can be used at any point during cancer. For example, pain medicines and drugs to control nausea or itching might be used to help you feel better. Chemotherapy and radiation can also be used to relieve problems caused by the tumor(s). Sometimes, surgery or other treatments are used to help you feel better or to help prevent possible problems the cancer might cause. […] Because bile duct cancers tend to grow and spread quickly, doctors try to use palliative therapies that are less likely to have unpleasant short-term side effects, whenever possible. Your cancer care team will talk with you about the pros and cons of all the treatments that might help you.

• #51 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #52 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352413

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)-related health concerns […] Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care. Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Palliative care is provided by teams of doctors, nurses and other specially trained professionals. These teams aim to improve the quality of life for people with cancer and their families. Palliative care is not the same as hospice care or end-of-life care. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition. If you have any doubts, get a second opinion.

• #53 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in the slender tubes (bile ducts) that carry the digestive fluid bile. Bile ducts connect your liver to your gallbladder and to your small intestine. […] Cholangiocarcinoma is often diagnosed when it’s advanced, making successful treatment difficult to achieve. […] Treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) may include: […] Surgery. When possible, surgeons try to remove as much of the cancer as they can. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. […] Palliative care can be used while undergoing aggressive treatments, such as surgery. […] Because cholangiocarcinoma is a very difficult type of cancer to treat, don’t hesitate to ask about your doctor’s experience with treating the condition.

• #54 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  Many people are not candidates for surgery by the time bile duct cancer is diagnosed. However, minimally invasive, image-guided procedures can help improve their quality of life by allowing bile to flow through or drain out of a bile duct that is blocked by a tumor. Our surgeons and experts in interventional radiology use tools, such as catheters and needles, to relieve such symptoms as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), itching, nausea, vomiting, and infection. […] A biliary bypass connects the bile duct or gallbladder directly to the small intestine. This creates a new way for bile to get around a tumor that is blocking the flow from the bile duct. Our doctors can often perform a biliary bypass using a laparoscope (a thin lighted tube with a camera on its tip) inserted through a small incision (cut) in the belly.

• #55 Palliative Therapy for Bile Duct Cancer | Cholangiocarcinoma Palliative Therapy | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating/palliative-therapy.html

  These procedures can be done as part of a cholangiography procedure such as ERCP or PTC or, in some cases, during surgery. They’re often done to help prevent or relieve symptoms from more advanced cancers, but they can also be done to help relieve jaundice before potentially curative surgery. This helps lower the risk of complications from the surgery. […] A surgery called a biliary bypass is another option to allow bile to go into the small intestine and not build up in the liver. The surgeon creates a bypass around the tumor blocking the bile duct by connecting part of the bile duct before the blockage with a part of the duct that lies past the blockage, or with the intestine itself. […] As mentioned in Surgery for Bile Duct Cancer, biliary bypass is more likely to be done if you are already having surgery to try to cure the cancer by taking it out, but it turns out the cancer cannot be totally removed. A bypass is more invasive than placing a stent or catheter, but it has some advantages in that it may last longer and infection is less likely to be a problem.

• #56 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  Many people are not candidates for surgery by the time bile duct cancer is diagnosed. However, minimally invasive, image-guided procedures can help improve their quality of life by allowing bile to flow through or drain out of a bile duct that is blocked by a tumor. Our surgeons and experts in interventional radiology use tools, such as catheters and needles, to relieve such symptoms as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), itching, nausea, vomiting, and infection. […] A biliary bypass connects the bile duct or gallbladder directly to the small intestine. This creates a new way for bile to get around a tumor that is blocking the flow from the bile duct. Our doctors can often perform a biliary bypass using a laparoscope (a thin lighted tube with a camera on its tip) inserted through a small incision (cut) in the belly.

• #57 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  A stent is a small tube that can relieve a blocked bile duct so bile can flow across a blockage to the small intestine. When possible, the stent is placed using an endoscope (a small tubelike instrument) inserted through the mouth. When that method is not possible, a stent can be placed with a needle inserted through the liver. Imaging is used to identify the blockage and place a stent (or a drainage catheter, a small flexible tube) through the blockage. Some people may need to have a catheter for a while after getting a stent. […] People with advanced bile duct cancer often have pain. The pain may be caused by cancer cells that have invaded a cluster of nerves near the liver known as the celiac plexus. People who dont get enough pain relief with conventional drugs may benefit from a procedure called neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB). This involves injecting a local anesthetic into the celiac plexus to disrupt the bodys pain signals. MSK doctors were among the first to use this technique. NCPB has been shown to reduce pain significantly and improve mood and life expectancy for people with advanced bile duct cancer.

• #58 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment for International Patients | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/international/treatments-and-specialties/cancer-care/bile-duct-cancer

  Surgical biliary bypass: If your surgeon cannot completely remove the bile duct cancer, a bypass helps lessen symptoms. Connecting your bile duct to a piece of your small intestine creates a new pathway around the tumor to allow the bile to flow to your intestine for normal digestion of fats. This surgery does not cure the cancer but can relieve jaundice and other symptoms. It may precede other treatment. […] Stent placement: If the cancer is blocking your bile duct, your doctor may place a thin tube called a stent into the bile duct. It helps keep the duct open and drains bile that builds up in the area. This prevents symptoms such as pain or jaundice. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs (given intravenously or orally) to destroy cancer cells. It may be employed before or after surgery for bile duct cancer.

• #59 Cholangiocarcinoma – Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/cholangiocarcinoma/

  Monitoring patients being treated for cholangiocarcinoma entails vigilant observation for adverse effects and potential drug interactions. During treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, it is crucial to conduct regular assessments for chemotherapy-related adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and potential hematologic toxicity. Close monitoring is necessary for adverse events associated with targeted therapies or immunotherapies, which might present as skin reactions, immune-related issues such as neurotoxicity or pneumonitis, or renal or cardiac toxicity. […] Managing biliary obstruction in cholangiocarcinoma requires relieving the obstruction through procedures such as endoscopic stent placement, percutaneous drainage, or surgical intervention. This helps restore bile flow, alleviate symptoms such as jaundice and pruritus, and reduce the risk of complications such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Close monitoring and timely management of these complications are crucial to improving outcomes and enhancing the patients overall well-being.

• #60 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #61 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  A stent is a small tube that can relieve a blocked bile duct so bile can flow across a blockage to the small intestine. When possible, the stent is placed using an endoscope (a small tubelike instrument) inserted through the mouth. When that method is not possible, a stent can be placed with a needle inserted through the liver. Imaging is used to identify the blockage and place a stent (or a drainage catheter, a small flexible tube) through the blockage. Some people may need to have a catheter for a while after getting a stent. […] People with advanced bile duct cancer often have pain. The pain may be caused by cancer cells that have invaded a cluster of nerves near the liver known as the celiac plexus. People who dont get enough pain relief with conventional drugs may benefit from a procedure called neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB). This involves injecting a local anesthetic into the celiac plexus to disrupt the bodys pain signals. MSK doctors were among the first to use this technique. NCPB has been shown to reduce pain significantly and improve mood and life expectancy for people with advanced bile duct cancer.

• #62 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #63 Symptom Relief for Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/treatment/symptom-relief

  A stent is a small tube that can relieve a blocked bile duct so bile can flow across a blockage to the small intestine. When possible, the stent is placed using an endoscope (a small tubelike instrument) inserted through the mouth. When that method is not possible, a stent can be placed with a needle inserted through the liver. Imaging is used to identify the blockage and place a stent (or a drainage catheter, a small flexible tube) through the blockage. Some people may need to have a catheter for a while after getting a stent. […] People with advanced bile duct cancer often have pain. The pain may be caused by cancer cells that have invaded a cluster of nerves near the liver known as the celiac plexus. People who dont get enough pain relief with conventional drugs may benefit from a procedure called neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB). This involves injecting a local anesthetic into the celiac plexus to disrupt the bodys pain signals. MSK doctors were among the first to use this technique. NCPB has been shown to reduce pain significantly and improve mood and life expectancy for people with advanced bile duct cancer.

• #64 Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stent Placement, Photodynamic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/277393-treatment

  Complete surgical resection is the only therapy to afford a chance of cure for cholangiocarcinoma. Unfortunately, many patients present with unresectable disease. Additional treatment measures in cholangiocarcinoma may include the following: Stenting, Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Radiation therapy, Pharmacotherapy. […] For palliative treatment, celiac-plexus block via regional injection of alcohol or other sclerosing agent can relieve pain in the mid back from retroperitoneal tumor growth. In addition, other endoscopic forms of palliation, such as brachytherapy and radiofrequency ablation, have been used. […] Stents can be placed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) to relieve biliary obstruction. Stenting may relieve pruritus and improve quality of life.

• #65 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #66 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #67 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Liver Foundation

  https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that grows in the bile ducts. […] Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of chemotherapy and a different type of medicine called immunotherapy. […] It’s important to make sure you have a nutritious diet if you have cholangiocarcinoma. […] If you have cholangiocarcinoma, you will be referred to a specialist such as a liver surgeon, gastroenterologist or medical oncologist. […] Possible treatments depend on your unique tumour and how widespread it is. […] Good nutrition will help you keep a healthy weight, maintain your muscle strength and give you energy. […] Talk to your doctor or an accredited practising dietitian about a suitable diet that packs as much nutrition as possible into everything you eat. […] Avoid all alcohol to protect your liver. […] Tell your doctor if symptoms are bothering you, as there are many ways to relieve them.

• #68 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #69 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) | Liver Canada

  https://liver.ca/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/

  Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare disease in which cancer cells form in the bile ducts. […] Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) occurs when malignant cancerous tumors form in these bile ducts. […] Bile duct cancers are categorized into two types depending on their location in the digestive system. If the bile duct cancer is inside the liver it is called intrahepatic bile duct cancer and if it is outside the liver it is called extrahepatic bile duct cancer. […] The side effects of cancer can cause nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. People with bile duct cancer specifically may find it difficult to digest food. These patients should try to eat smaller meals and snacks along with nutritional supplements to try and stay energized. […] The location of the cancer, the stage, and whether it has spread to other organs are factors that influence the type of treatment available to those with bile duct cancer.

• #70 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #71 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Liver Foundation

  https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that grows in the bile ducts. […] Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of chemotherapy and a different type of medicine called immunotherapy. […] It’s important to make sure you have a nutritious diet if you have cholangiocarcinoma. […] If you have cholangiocarcinoma, you will be referred to a specialist such as a liver surgeon, gastroenterologist or medical oncologist. […] Possible treatments depend on your unique tumour and how widespread it is. […] Good nutrition will help you keep a healthy weight, maintain your muscle strength and give you energy. […] Talk to your doctor or an accredited practising dietitian about a suitable diet that packs as much nutrition as possible into everything you eat. […] Avoid all alcohol to protect your liver. […] Tell your doctor if symptoms are bothering you, as there are many ways to relieve them.

• #72 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #73 Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) – Liver Foundation

  https://liver.org.au/your-liver/liver-diseases/cholangiocarcinoma-bile-duct-cancer/

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that grows in the bile ducts. […] Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of chemotherapy and a different type of medicine called immunotherapy. […] It’s important to make sure you have a nutritious diet if you have cholangiocarcinoma. […] If you have cholangiocarcinoma, you will be referred to a specialist such as a liver surgeon, gastroenterologist or medical oncologist. […] Possible treatments depend on your unique tumour and how widespread it is. […] Good nutrition will help you keep a healthy weight, maintain your muscle strength and give you energy. […] Talk to your doctor or an accredited practising dietitian about a suitable diet that packs as much nutrition as possible into everything you eat. […] Avoid all alcohol to protect your liver. […] Tell your doctor if symptoms are bothering you, as there are many ways to relieve them.

• #74 Gallbladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment | Memorial Cancer InstituteHealthcare System

  https://www.mhs.net/services/cancer-care/conditions-treatments-and-services/gastrointestinal-cancer/cholangiocarcinoma-and-gallbladder-cancer

  We also offer a range of nonsurgical treatments to treat these cancers: […] In addition to a wide variety of treatment options, you may benefit from palliative care. Our palliative specialists can help you manage symptoms and make treatment decisions. […] When you come to Memorial for diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder or bile duct cancer, youll find: […] The cancer journey can be overwhelming, affecting your overall health and mental health. Your team includes support staff who can help you function and live well. At Memorial, you have access to integrative medicine specialists, psychologists, social workers and nutritionists.

• #75 Bile duct cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/bile-duct-cancer

  You may have many different emotions, including anxiety, anger and fear. These are all normal reactions. They are part of the process that many people experience when dealing with cancer. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes after treatment.

• #76 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #77 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #78 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #79 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #80 Controlling symptoms of advanced bile duct cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/treatment/controlling-symptoms

  To help the bile start draining again, your doctor might put a small tube (stent) into the blocked duct. Or they might do an operation to bypass the blockage. […] Let your doctor or nurse know if you have pain so they can give you painkillers. You should also tell them how well the painkillers are working. […] Talk it over with your doctor or nurse so you can get the treatment you need. They can also tell you about other ways of managing it. […] If you find you have a loss of appetite, some of the following suggestions might help. […] Talk to your dietitian about having high calorie drinks to boost your calorie intake if you need them. […] Speak to your healthcare team if you are finding your feelings difficult to cope with. They can tell you what support and mental health services are available locally. […] There is support to help you cope with advanced bile duct cancer. And the symptom control team can help you feel as well as possible.

• #81 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #82 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #83 Get Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-treatment

  We often treat bile duct cancer with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and clinical trials. And all of our treatments match your unique needs and diagnosis. […] When you learn you may have bile duct cancer, it’s important to feel confident that you have a team of healthcare providers you trust on your side. That’s why we encourage second opinions. […] Cancer treatment relies on the experience and input of providers from many different specialties. At Cleveland Clinic, your team of experts will work together to make sure you get the most personalized treatment and always keep you at the center of your care. […] No two cancers are the same. That’s why we tailor your treatment to match your needs. Your care plan is based on where the cancer is, if it’s spread (stage) and your overall health.

• #84 Get Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-treatment

  We often treat bile duct cancer with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and clinical trials. And all of our treatments match your unique needs and diagnosis. […] When you learn you may have bile duct cancer, it’s important to feel confident that you have a team of healthcare providers you trust on your side. That’s why we encourage second opinions. […] Cancer treatment relies on the experience and input of providers from many different specialties. At Cleveland Clinic, your team of experts will work together to make sure you get the most personalized treatment and always keep you at the center of your care. […] No two cancers are the same. That’s why we tailor your treatment to match your needs. Your care plan is based on where the cancer is, if it’s spread (stage) and your overall health.

• #85 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #86 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bile-duct-cancer/treating.html

  If youve been diagnosed with bile duct cancer, your treatment team will discuss your options with you. Its important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. […] Your treatment options will depend on several factors: […] Cancer care teams also include other health care professionals such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. […] Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.

• #87 Learn About Bile Duct Cancer

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gastrointestinal-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/

  Oncology nurse navigators help patients through the entire bile duct cancer journey, from securing initial appointments to coordinating follow-up visits related to treatments and procedures, all the way through aspects of survivorship. […] Our oncology nurse navigators will guide you through your bile duct cancer journey.

• #88 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #89 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #90 Cholangiocarcinoma & Gallbladder Cancer | MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  https://hollingscancercenter.musc.edu/patient-care/cancer-types/gastrointestinal-cancers/bile-duct-gallbladder-cancer

  Cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer, is cancer within the bile ducts that carry bile between the liver, where it is produced, the gallbladder, where it is stored, and the small intestine, where it is used to break down food. […] The most common treatments for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are surgery and systemic therapy to include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy. […] Our nurse navigators are an integral part of cancer care. They can help you to navigate through the health system, organize your appointments, and access additional resources. […] We pride ourselves on our holistic approach to cancer care. We offer you many resources to help you throughout your cancer journey, including financial counseling, physical therapy, nutrition services, and support groups.

• #91 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #92 Cholangiocarcinoma & Gallbladder Cancer | MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  https://hollingscancercenter.musc.edu/patient-care/cancer-types/gastrointestinal-cancers/bile-duct-gallbladder-cancer

  Cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer, is cancer within the bile ducts that carry bile between the liver, where it is produced, the gallbladder, where it is stored, and the small intestine, where it is used to break down food. […] The most common treatments for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are surgery and systemic therapy to include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy. […] Our nurse navigators are an integral part of cancer care. They can help you to navigate through the health system, organize your appointments, and access additional resources. […] We pride ourselves on our holistic approach to cancer care. We offer you many resources to help you throughout your cancer journey, including financial counseling, physical therapy, nutrition services, and support groups.

• #93 Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/bile-duct-cancer/

  Our gastrointestinal cancer patient navigator guides you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize your visits. The navigator provides information and support throughout your diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute multidisciplinary approach to cancer care means you’ll have access to multiple specialists, including medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, interventional radiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, researchers, geneticists and dietitians. […] We pull together providers from various disciplines to help identify the best treatment for you. At Norton Cancer Institute review boards, you will be considered for innovative clinical trials, immunotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, state-of-the-art radiation and advanced diagnostics.

• #94 Learn About Bile Duct Cancer

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/gastrointestinal-cancer/bile-duct-cancer/

  Oncology nurse navigators help patients through the entire bile duct cancer journey, from securing initial appointments to coordinating follow-up visits related to treatments and procedures, all the way through aspects of survivorship. […] Our oncology nurse navigators will guide you through your bile duct cancer journey.

• #95 Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/bile-duct-treatment-pdq

  The primary site of relapse after surgical resection is local, but distant recurrence is also frequently reported. […] In jaundiced patients, the role of percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage or endoscopic placement of a stent for relief of biliary obstruction is controversial, but these options may be considered before surgery, particularly if jaundice is severe or an element of azotemia is present. […] All patients are encouraged to enroll in clinical trials for adjuvant therapies. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

• #96 Bile duct cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma/

  The treatments for bile duct cancer are not as effective as treatments for other types of cancer. Therefore, a number of clinical trials are being conducted to find better ways of treating the condition. […] There are no guaranteed ways to avoid getting bile duct cancer, although it is possible to reduce your chances of developing the condition. […] Not smoking is the most effective way of preventing bile duct cancer, as well as other serious health conditions, such as stroke, heart attack and lung cancer. […] If you are a heavy drinker, reducing your alcohol intake will help prevent liver damage (cirrhosis). This may, in turn, reduce your risk of developing bile duct cancer.

• #97 Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/gastrointestinal-cancer/bile-duct-cancer

  Bile duct cancer is also known as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). […] Depending on the stage and genetic profile of your cancer, you may need different types of treatment. This includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. […] Our surgeons are experts in surgery to treat bile duct cancer. We may need to remove the bile duct or part of the liver (partial hepatectomy). We sometimes need to do a Whipple procedure. […] If you’re at risk for bile duct cancer, it’s important to tell your doctor about any of these signs. […] As the first in Virginia named a Comprehensive Cancer Center, you can trust that we have the latest treatments and most advanced expertise you can find. […] Even more, our cancer specialists are always looking for better treatments. We do this by offering clinical trials. A clinical trial gives you the chance to access the most recent innovations in bile duct cancer care.

• #98 Bile Duct Cancer | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cancer-institute/bile-duct-cancer

  We are one of the few cancer centers in the U.S. to offer hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy. […] OHSU palliative therapy experts can help patients and their families ease symptoms and stress at any stage of serious illness. […] Your care team also might offer treatments that wont cure the cancer but that can relieve symptoms and/or extend life. These might include surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Medications can also lessen pain, nausea and itching. […] The Knight Cancer Institute is a national center for clinical trials to test new ways to prevent, detect and treat cancer.

• #99 Research Fuels Advances in Bile Duct Cancer Care – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/research-fuels-advances-bile-duct-cancer-care

  „Efforts to identify better biomarkers to help diagnose the disease at an early stage and help gauge response to treatment are important,” explains Dr. Ilyas. […] Dr. Ilyas says research has identified potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. […] „Although we anticipate that liquid biopsy may enhance early detection of cholangiocarcinoma, larger scale studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness,” she says. […] „Systemic treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma were once quite limited and not very effective,” says Dr. Ilyas. […] Targeted therapies are drugs targeting mutations that control how cancer cells grow, divide and spread. […] „The emergence of targeted therapies has broadened treatment options and, in doing so, given much more hope to our patients,” says Dr. Ilyas.

• #100 Research Fuels Advances in Bile Duct Cancer Care – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/research-fuels-advances-bile-duct-cancer-care

  While immunotherapy has not yet proven effective for treating cholangiocarcinoma, Dr. Ilyas says ongoing research to identify biomarkers and to understand why bile duct cancer doesn’t respond to immunotherapy may improve outcomes. […] Researchers are also studying liver transplants as a treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma in select patients with certain tumor types. However, Dr. Ilyas says this form of treatment needs further research.

• #101 Research Fuels Advances in Bile Duct Cancer Care – Minnesota Oncology

  https://mnoncology.com/resources/blog/research-fuels-advances-bile-duct-cancer-care

  „Efforts to identify better biomarkers to help diagnose the disease at an early stage and help gauge response to treatment are important,” explains Dr. Ilyas. […] Dr. Ilyas says research has identified potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. […] „Although we anticipate that liquid biopsy may enhance early detection of cholangiocarcinoma, larger scale studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness,” she says. […] „Systemic treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma were once quite limited and not very effective,” says Dr. Ilyas. […] Targeted therapies are drugs targeting mutations that control how cancer cells grow, divide and spread. […] „The emergence of targeted therapies has broadened treatment options and, in doing so, given much more hope to our patients,” says Dr. Ilyas.

• #102 Bile Duct Cancer: A Complex, Difficult-to-Treat Disease | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/bile-duct-cancer-a-complex-difficult-to-treat-disease

  Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a type of cancer that occurs in the bile ducts […] The increasing frequency of cholangiocarcinoma highlights the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies, as well as the need for continued research into the causes and risk factors of the disease. […] The choice of treatment will depend on several factors, including the stage and location of the cancer, the overall health of the patient and the patient’s preferences and goals for treatment. A multidisciplinary team will work together to develop a personalized treatment plan for each individual patient with cholangiocarcinoma. […] Early detection and prompt treatment are critical for improving outcomes in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. […] Cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer is a challenging form of cancer to treat due to the location of the cancer in difficult-to-reach areas of the bile ducts, making it challenging to surgically remove the cancer. […] In some cases, a liver transplant can be considered as a treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma. […] Clinical trials are an important component of the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and provide patients with access to innovative treatments.

• #103 Get Bile Duct Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bile-duct-cancer-treatment

  We often treat bile duct cancer with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and clinical trials. And all of our treatments match your unique needs and diagnosis. […] When you learn you may have bile duct cancer, it’s important to feel confident that you have a team of healthcare providers you trust on your side. That’s why we encourage second opinions. […] Cancer treatment relies on the experience and input of providers from many different specialties. At Cleveland Clinic, your team of experts will work together to make sure you get the most personalized treatment and always keep you at the center of your care. […] No two cancers are the same. That’s why we tailor your treatment to match your needs. Your care plan is based on where the cancer is, if it’s spread (stage) and your overall health.

• #104 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #105 Cholangiocarcinoma: Treatment, Outcomes, and Nutrition Overview for Oncology Nurses | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/22/4/cholangiocarcinoma-treatment-outcomes-and-nutrition-overview

  Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that arises from the bile ducts inside or outside of the liver. […] The lethality of this cancer stems, in part, from challenges with supportive care during treatment. […] Nursing literature regarding cholangiocarcinoma is scarce. Studies that focus on nursing care, symptom management, and nursing management of patients with biliary obstruction are needed. Nutrition and palliative care management of patients with cholangiocarcinoma are key areas of nursing management.

• #106 Cholangiocarcinoma: a nursing perspective – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12690613/

  Primary cancer of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma [CC]) is a rare malignancy that presents many nursing challenges. This article focuses on disease presentation, treatment options, quality of life, and the nurse’s unique role in caring for this patient population. […] Surgical resection is the only treatment modality that offers a potential cure and prolonged survival. In patients with unresectable disease, biliary bypass or nonoperative biliary drainage procedures can provide palliation. Other palliative treatment modalities include chemotherapy, radiation, and photodynamic therapy. The sudden onset, limited treatment options, and overall poor prognosis add to the challenge of caring for patients with CC.

• #107 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  Therapy given after surgery, referred to as adjuvant therapy, will likely be recommended, even when the tumor(s) appears to have been completely removed. After surgery and subsequent therapy are completed, your healthcare team will recommend routine monitoring or surveillance for the possible return (recurrence) of the cancer. Routine imaging every 3 to 6 months with CT or MRI are typically recommended for the first 2 years after the end of treatment, and then at 6 to 12-month intervals for as long as 5 years. […] Palliative care refers to the treatment of symptoms, which can take place during curative treatment and enhance quality of life. Palliative care can begin at the time of a disease diagnosis. In fact, it is recommended that palliative care be initiated soon after the diagnosis. Patients who receive palliative care throughout their cancer treatment have been shown to have a better quality of life with fewer symptoms and have more satisfaction with their therapy.

• #108 Cholangiocarcinoma: Your Patient Journey – Conquer: the journey informed

  https://conquer-magazine.com/issues/special-issues/cholangiocarcinoma-your-patient-journey

  During treatment, making healthy choices can improve your quality of life. After treatment, taking steps to improve your health can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Nutrition is an important factor in CCA treatment and management, particularly in terms of maintaining lean body mass, which also involves exercise. […] Abdominal or back pain is common for individuals with CCA. It is important to speak to your healthcare team about pain management options, particularly if you are experiencing pain while at rest. Fatigue is another common experience of individuals with CCA and other cancers and can be therapy-related. Your healthcare team may be able to provide treatments for fatigue, so discuss this symptom with them if you are experiencing it. […] Feelings of anxiety, stress, fear, and depression are normal for individuals with cancer. Managing and expressing these emotions can also present a difficult hurdle for many patients. Distress can affect how patients diagnosed with cancer make decisions about their treatments and can result in worsening health. Hence, treating depression is considered an important part of cancer therapy.

• #109 Raising Awareness: One Nurse’s Journey with Bile Duct Cancer | Bassett Healthcare Network

  https://www.bassett.org/news/raising-awareness-one-nurses-journey-bile-duct-cancer

  She had cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer. […] Cholangiocarcinoma is not very common in the United States. […] The majority of patients aren’t diagnosed until they become jaundiced and lose weight in Stage IV. I was only at Stage 1A, when treatment is still possible and effective. […] Bassett Cancer Institute is able to provide the multidisciplinary care needed to manage rare and complex cancers like cholangiocarcinoma. […] Surgery and chemotherapy stopped Tanya Jennison’s cancer, but the most important element in her recovery was the support and encouragement she received from others. […] February is cholangiocarcinoma and bile duct cancer awareness month.

• #110 Cholangiocarcinoma & Gallbladder Cancer | MUSC Hollings Cancer Center

  https://hollingscancercenter.musc.edu/patient-care/cancer-types/gastrointestinal-cancers/bile-duct-gallbladder-cancer

  Cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer, is cancer within the bile ducts that carry bile between the liver, where it is produced, the gallbladder, where it is stored, and the small intestine, where it is used to break down food. […] The most common treatments for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are surgery and systemic therapy to include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy. […] Our nurse navigators are an integral part of cancer care. They can help you to navigate through the health system, organize your appointments, and access additional resources. […] We pride ourselves on our holistic approach to cancer care. We offer you many resources to help you throughout your cancer journey, including financial counseling, physical therapy, nutrition services, and support groups.

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