Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Polymyositis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353208

  Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead. […] Signs and symptoms usually develop gradually, over weeks or months. […] The muscle weakness associated with polymyositis involves the muscles closest to the trunk, such as those in your hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms and neck. The weakness affects both the left and right sides of your body, and tends to gradually worsen.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/signs-and-symptoms

  Polymyositis (PM) is primarily characterized by weakness in the skeletal muscles that is often symmetric (on both sides of the body) and proximal (close to the torso). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs and neck typically display the most weakness in PM. Some affected people also experience tenderness and/or pain in their muscles. […] People with PM may have trouble extending their knees, stepping down or climbing stairs, or experience increasing difficulty in activities such as getting up from a chair, carrying groceries, lifting a gallon of milk, or picking up their children. […] The heart, respiratory and swallowing problems are the most serious effects of PM and need close monitoring.

• #1 Myositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24170-myositis

  Polymyositis affects multiple muscles at the same time. It usually causes symptoms in muscles on or near the center of your body. […] Polymyositis develops gradually over time. It typically affects adults. Females are twice as likely to develop polymyositis than males. […] If you have polymyositis, you might have trouble performing movements you usually can, including: Standing up after sitting, Climbing stairs, Lifting objects, Reaching over your head. […] Myositis symptoms include: Muscle weakness, Joint or muscle pain, Fatigue, Swelling, Trouble breathing or swallowing, Arrhythmia (if the myositis affects your heart). […] During an episode of symptoms, you might have trouble moving or doing certain activities you usually can. You might get tired faster, or feel like you cant control your arms, hands or legs.

• #1 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Polymyositis, a relatively uncommon autoimmune disorder, develops due to abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) and macrophages against muscular antigens that result in rhabdomyolysis and ultimately presents as a proximal myopathy. […] Polymyositis develops over the months as compared to inclusion body myositis (IBM), which is a slowly progressive chronic myopathy developing in older individuals over a period of months to years with more severe symptoms. […] The hallmark of polymyositis is a progressive disease with symmetric involvement of proximal girdle muscles (shoulder and pelvis muscles) and neck flexors that can be painful at times. […] Disease progression to distal muscles can result in abnormal fine movements such as writing and playing musical instruments.

• #1 Polymyositis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12053-polymyositis

  Polymyositis causes inflammation (swelling) in your affected muscles. Muscle pain and weakness are the most common symptoms. […] The most common polymyositis symptoms include: Muscle weakness (especially in your shoulders and hips). Muscle pain and tenderness. Trouble swallowing (dysphagia). Difficulty talking. Trouble breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fatigue (feeling tired all the time). Joint pain. Fever. Stiffness (especially right after you wake up in the morning). Weight loss. […] Some polymyositis symptoms can cause life-threatening complications. Talk to a healthcare provider about which symptoms to look out for. Go to the emergency room or call 911 (or your local emergency services number) if you feel like you cant breathe or swallow. […] People usually live with polymyositis for the rest of their lives. Theres no cure for it, but most people find a combination of treatments that helps them put polymyositis into remission. […] Some cases of polymyositis cause life-threatening complications. It can be fatal if polymyositis severely affects or damages the muscles in your throat and chest that help you breathe and swallow.

• #1 Polymyositis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/polymyositis

  You may have trouble lifting your arms over your head, walking up flights of stairs, rising from a chair, or carrying things. Sometimes, it may be hard to swallow food. […] Other symptoms include: […] Muscle aches […] Fever […] Weight loss […] Fatigue […] Joint pain […] Trouble breathing […] The condition slowly gets worse over 3-6 months. It’s rare, but you could also have polymyositis that comes on very fast. […] Polymyositis can become inactive, meaning it will go away and come back. During the inactive periods, you may feel well and have few or no symptoms. […] The prognosis for polymyositis depends on how severe a case you have. Most people respond to treatment and get some of their muscle strength back. Some weakness may remain, and your symptoms could come back. While the condition is rarely life-threatening, you could become disabled if you dont get proper treatment.

• #1 Polymyositis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polymyositis

  Polymyositis is a connective tissue disease that triggers inflammation and muscular weakness. The disease is more common in women than men and tends to develop between the ages of 50 to 70 years, although anyone of any age or either sex can be affected. Usually, the muscle weakness develops gradually over the course of a few weeks or months. […] The symptoms include: The shoulders and hips usually affected first, Muscular weakness, Muscle wastage, Muscle pain, Fatigue, Breathlessness, Swallowing difficulties, Tremors, particularly of the hands, Wide-footed stance and walking style, Clumsiness, Tendency to fall over. […] Polymyositis develops gradually over weeks or months. By the time the person experiences symptoms, they have already lost around half of their muscle fibres to the disease. Difficulties may include: Profound muscular weakness in affected body parts, such as being unable to lift the arms above shoulder height or lift the head off a pillow, Voice changes, if the muscles of the larynx are affected, Problems with swallowing if the oesophagus is affected, with a tendency to regurgitate food, Peristalsis (the muscular contractions of the bowel) may falter, leading to constipation, In its later stages, abnormal shortening of muscles (contracture).

• #1 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  The weakness results in difficulty in walking, lifting arms and getting up from the sitting and lying down positions. There may even be some trouble in swallowing and the voice may become nasal or deeper in quality. […] Depression and a general feeling of unhappiness is very noticeable and can be an indication of the disease before any sign of muscle weakness. […] Other possible symptoms of the illnesses include fever and weight loss. […] There is no cure for polymyositis yet, but there are treatment options to help manage the symptoms. […] Once the disease has been diagnosed, most patients respond well to steroids. […] A second line of treatment is immunosuppressive medication. Like steroids, these drugs suppress the body’s immune system and limit the inflammation. […] If the patient does not respond to these treatments then intermittent (pulsed) treatment can be given intravenously or plasma exchanges would be considered.

• #1 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Polymyositis can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD), especially in anti-Jo-1 positive patients, presenting as shortness of breath and dry cough. […] Polymyositis, being a chronic disease, is associated with a grave prognosis in the long run. In addition to causing disability and affecting the quality of life of the patient, this disease has also been found to be associated with a 10% mortality rate, especially in those who also develop cardiac dysfunction or malignant conditions. […] The majority of patients usually respond to steroid therapy. This disease has the worst prognosis in patients having refractory disease, older females, Blacks, and patients having systematic involvement.

• #1 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Involvement of the striated muscles of the oropharynx and upper esophagus occurs in 10-15% of patients, is a poor prognostic indicator, and may lead to dysphagia, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia. Interstitial lung disease occurs in 5-10% of patients. In addition, there may be ventilatory dysfunction due to involvement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Cardiac involvement is most often asymptomatic, but may result in conduction disturbances, myocarditis, or congestive heart failure. […] The degree of weakness may vary from mild to near paralysis.

• #1 Polymyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis.html

  Weight loss and poor nutrition may become a problem if muscle weakness leads to trouble eating and swallowing. […] If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. If the muscles in the digestive tract and chest wall are affected, you may have problems breathing (respiratory failure), malnutrition, and weight loss. Polymyositis that is treated but can’t be managed well can cause severe disability. It can lead to an inability to swallow or breathe without help.

• #1 Polymyositis – adult Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/polymyositis-adult

  Polymyositis is a systemic disease. This means it affects the whole body. Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. A rash is a sign of a related condition, dermatomyositis. […] Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. This can make it hard to raise the arms over the head, get up from a sitting position, or climb stairs. Difficulty swallowing. Muscle pain. Problems with the voice (caused by weak throat muscles). Shortness of breath. […] You may also have: Fatigue, Fever, Joint pain, Loss of appetite, Morning stiffness, Weight loss, Skin rash on the back of the fingers, on the eyelids, or on the face. […] Response to treatment varies, based on the complications. As many as 1 in 5 people may die within 5 years of developing the condition. […] Many people, especially children, recover from the illness and do not need ongoing treatment. For most adults, however, immunosuppressant drugs are needed to control the disease. […] The outlook for people with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody is poor despite current treatment. […] In adults, death may result from: Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Respiratory failure, Severe, long-term muscle weakness. […] The major causes of death are cancer and lung disease.

• #1 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  Fatigue (can be extreme and life-altering). […] The prognosis of polymyositis depends on many varying factors including patient response to treatment, the age of onset, the severity of disease and its manifestations, the presence of pulmonary or cardiac involvement, and if there is an associated malignancy. […] Some polymyositis patients respond very well to treatment, while others do not respond at all. Finding the right treatment, or combination of treatments can take months-to-years.

• #1 Myositis – Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis – Patient.info

  https://patient.info/doctor/myositis-polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis

  Studies have shown that only 20% to 40% of treated patients will achieve polymyositis or dermatomyositis remission, whereas 60% to 80% will experience a polycyclic or chronic continuous course of the disease. […] Mortality remains 2-3 times higher than in the general population, with cancer, lung, cardiac complications and infections being the most common causes of deaths.

• #1 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  In addition to medication, exercise and physiotherapy can help ease the symptoms of polymyositis. […] Exercise is encouraged even in early phases of the condition, guided by your doctor and physiotherapist. […] Appropriate physiotherapy exercises can help to maximise the efficiency of the relatively unaffected muscles. Together with medical treatment, physiotherapy can also help make weak muscles strong again. […] There is always a possibility that this can happen. As it is not fully understood how polymyositis develops initially, it can be triggered again. […] A small percentage do get well within two years. For most it is a case of living with the disease and understanding as much about the illness as possible, so that even during the periods of increased pain and weakness, a nearly normal life can be led.

• #1 Polymyositis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925-overview

  Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by the following: Progressive symmetric, predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Elevated skeletal muscle enzyme levels. Characteristic electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy findings. […] In most patients, polymyositis responds well to treatment, although residual weakness occurs in approximately 30% of patients. […] Poor prognostic factors include the following: Advanced age, Female sex, African-American race, Interstitial lung disease, Presence of anti-Jo-1 (lung disease) and anti-SRP antibodies (severe muscle disease, cardiac involvement), Associated malignancy, Delayed or inadequate treatment, Dysphagia, dysphonia, Cardiac and pulmonary involvement. […] A meta-analysis estimated that worldwide, the prevalence of ILD in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis is 41%, with the highest prevalence among Asians (50%). ILD was more frequently associated with anti-Jo-1 and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies than other myositis-specific autoantibodies. […] Five-year survival rates in polymyositis have been estimated at more than 80%. Mortality is most often related to associated malignancy or pulmonary complications; elderly patients with cardiac involvement or dysphagia also have a higher mortality rate.

• #1 Managing Your Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/myositis

  Symptoms of dermatomyositis are a rash (on the face, chest, back, elbows, knees, and knuckles) and weakness of neck, shoulder, upper arm, hip, and thigh muscles. People may have trouble getting out of chairs, climbing stairs, lifting things, or reaching over their heads. Sometimes, trouble swallowing, sore muscles, tiredness, fever, hard bumps under the skin, and weight loss occur. The disease may also affect the lungs, heart, or gut. No rash occurs in polymyositis, but other symptoms are the same. […] Treatments may help the rash and muscle strength improve, but some muscles may be permanently weak. However, treatment may last for months or even years. Sometimes, the disease goes away on its own. […] About half of people have a remission and stop therapy within 5 years of diagnosis. The others will have active disease that needs ongoing treatment or inactive disease with permanent muscle weakness.

• #1 Polymyositis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polymyositis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353212

  If your doctor suspects you have polymyositis, he or she might suggest some of the following tests: […] A blood test will let your doctor know if you have elevated levels of muscle enzymes, which can indicate muscle damage. A blood test can also detect specific autoantibodies associated with different symptoms of polymyositis, which can help in determining the best medication and treatment. […] The earlier treatment is started in the course of polymyositis, the more effective it is leading to fewer complications. […] Corticosteroids. Drugs such as prednisone can be very effective in controlling polymyositis symptoms. […] Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest: […] If your swallowing muscles are weakened by polymyositis, speech therapy can help you learn how to compensate for those changes.

• #1 Myositis | Causes, symptoms, treatment

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/myositis/

  Although people can make a good recovery, some never regain their original muscle strength or function. […] Sometimes, drug treatments dont work fully and the muscles can remain weak. […] Occasionally, myositis can affect breathing and swallowing. This may occur at the start of severe cases when the muscles used for these important tasks become weak. […] Polymyositis occasionally occurs in patients who have other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or scleroderma. […] Even in severe cases, myositis usually responds to treatment, although many people need life-long drug treatment to keep their condition under control. […] People with myositis can make a good recovery. However, some people with severe symptoms may never fully recover.

• #1 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  It cannot be denied that it is a chronic illness but the disease is rarely fatal, and as long as the prescribed medication is taken, the future is always hopeful. […] Some patients may well need a wheelchair from time to time to help them stay active and mobile. Other equipment may be needed while the illness is at its height. A rare few may need more permanent help if there is serious damage of the muscles.

• #1 Polymyositis: Definition, causes, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/polymyositis

  As the disease progresses, muscle weakness can also occur in the distal muscles, which are the muscles farthest from the torso. […] In the beginning stages, polymyositis may cause mild discomfort. As muscles continue to weaken, a person may begin to experience difficulty moving. […] Polymyositis can be associated with lung problems, and interstitial lung disease is a possible cause of any breathing problems that occur. Other possible symptoms of polymyositis include chronic dry cough, shortness of breath, speech difficulties, swallowing difficulties, fatigue, and arthritis. […] People with polymyositis generally require lifelong treatment. Most people respond well to the treatment and regain strength in their muscles. However, some people may find that their muscle weakness persists to some degree.

• #1 Polymyositis Diagnosis And Treatment – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/polymyositis-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Polymyositis can cause prolonged muscle weakness in the shoulder, pelvis, and neck muscles – causing difficulty with everyday movements, such as getting up from the chair. […] Polymyositis is a type of idiopathic immunological myositis (IIM). Various studies have found that less than 5% of myositis cases are polymyositis, making it a rare disease. […] This disease generally has a poor prognosis, reducing patients quality of life and having a mortality rate of 10%. Therefore, adequate diagnosis and treatment in the early stages of the disease prevent complications and optimise each patients prognosis. […] Polymyositis is characterised by activating immune system cells that attack the endomysium, a thin layer of connective tissue around muscle fibres. Polymyositis can cause persistent and worsening muscle weakness in the shoulders, pelvis, and neck and nonspecific symptoms such as lack of appetite, mild fever, and weight loss. […] Long-term follow-up is crucial because of the increased risk of complications such as fractures, cancer, heart problems, and difficulty swallowing.

• #2 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Polymyositis, a relatively uncommon autoimmune disorder, develops due to abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) and macrophages against muscular antigens that result in rhabdomyolysis and ultimately presents as a proximal myopathy. […] Polymyositis develops over the months as compared to inclusion body myositis (IBM), which is a slowly progressive chronic myopathy developing in older individuals over a period of months to years with more severe symptoms. […] The hallmark of polymyositis is a progressive disease with symmetric involvement of proximal girdle muscles (shoulder and pelvis muscles) and neck flexors that can be painful at times. […] Disease progression to distal muscles can result in abnormal fine movements such as writing and playing musical instruments.

• #2 Polymyositis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12053-polymyositis

  Polymyositis causes inflammation (swelling) in your affected muscles. Muscle pain and weakness are the most common symptoms. […] The most common polymyositis symptoms include: Muscle weakness (especially in your shoulders and hips). Muscle pain and tenderness. Trouble swallowing (dysphagia). Difficulty talking. Trouble breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fatigue (feeling tired all the time). Joint pain. Fever. Stiffness (especially right after you wake up in the morning). Weight loss. […] Some polymyositis symptoms can cause life-threatening complications. Talk to a healthcare provider about which symptoms to look out for. Go to the emergency room or call 911 (or your local emergency services number) if you feel like you cant breathe or swallow. […] People usually live with polymyositis for the rest of their lives. Theres no cure for it, but most people find a combination of treatments that helps them put polymyositis into remission. […] Some cases of polymyositis cause life-threatening complications. It can be fatal if polymyositis severely affects or damages the muscles in your throat and chest that help you breathe and swallow.

• #2 Polymyositis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polymyositis

  Polymyositis is a connective tissue disease that triggers inflammation and muscular weakness. The disease is more common in women than men and tends to develop between the ages of 50 to 70 years, although anyone of any age or either sex can be affected. Usually, the muscle weakness develops gradually over the course of a few weeks or months. […] The symptoms include: The shoulders and hips usually affected first, Muscular weakness, Muscle wastage, Muscle pain, Fatigue, Breathlessness, Swallowing difficulties, Tremors, particularly of the hands, Wide-footed stance and walking style, Clumsiness, Tendency to fall over. […] Polymyositis develops gradually over weeks or months. By the time the person experiences symptoms, they have already lost around half of their muscle fibres to the disease. Difficulties may include: Profound muscular weakness in affected body parts, such as being unable to lift the arms above shoulder height or lift the head off a pillow, Voice changes, if the muscles of the larynx are affected, Problems with swallowing if the oesophagus is affected, with a tendency to regurgitate food, Peristalsis (the muscular contractions of the bowel) may falter, leading to constipation, In its later stages, abnormal shortening of muscles (contracture).

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/signs-and-symptoms

  Polymyositis (PM) is primarily characterized by weakness in the skeletal muscles that is often symmetric (on both sides of the body) and proximal (close to the torso). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs and neck typically display the most weakness in PM. Some affected people also experience tenderness and/or pain in their muscles. […] People with PM may have trouble extending their knees, stepping down or climbing stairs, or experience increasing difficulty in activities such as getting up from a chair, carrying groceries, lifting a gallon of milk, or picking up their children. […] The heart, respiratory and swallowing problems are the most serious effects of PM and need close monitoring.

• #2 Understanding Polymyositis and Its Effect on Your Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/polymyositis

  Polymyositis is a rare condition that affects your muscles. It begins by inflaming and weakening the muscles near your abdomen and can move to other muscles as it progresses. […] The most obvious symptoms of the condition concern your muscles. Weakness, pain, or tenderness may occur first in the muscles attached to your abdomen and move to other muscle groups, including: neck, shoulders, back, upper arms, hips, thighs. […] Over time, even more muscles can be affected, including muscles in your forearms, hands, fingers, ankles, and toes. […] Other symptoms related to muscle weakness can include: a lasting dry cough, trouble swallowing, breathing difficulties, heart arrhythmias, arthritis. […] You may also notice changes to your movements because of the condition like: falling, trouble picking yourself up from the ground or a seated position, difficulty climbing stairs, struggling to lift heavy objects, inability to reach for objects.

• #2 Myositis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/myositis/

  Myositis is the name for a group of rare conditions that cause weak muscles. It slowly gets worse over time, but treatment with medicines and exercise can help. The main symptom of myositis is muscle weakness, which can start very gradually and cause you to trip or fall over a lot. […] Depending on the type, other symptoms can include: painful or aching muscles, feeling very tired, weight loss, night sweats, a patchy, red rash, usually on the eyelids, face, neck and the backs of the hands this can look different on brown or black skin, problems with swallowing (dysphagia) or breathing. There may be times when your symptoms are better than at other times. […] It’s not possible to cure myositis, but treatment can help control the symptoms.

• #2 Polymyositis – adult Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/polymyositis-adult

  Polymyositis is a systemic disease. This means it affects the whole body. Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. A rash is a sign of a related condition, dermatomyositis. […] Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. This can make it hard to raise the arms over the head, get up from a sitting position, or climb stairs. Difficulty swallowing. Muscle pain. Problems with the voice (caused by weak throat muscles). Shortness of breath. […] You may also have: Fatigue, Fever, Joint pain, Loss of appetite, Morning stiffness, Weight loss, Skin rash on the back of the fingers, on the eyelids, or on the face. […] Response to treatment varies, based on the complications. As many as 1 in 5 people may die within 5 years of developing the condition. […] Many people, especially children, recover from the illness and do not need ongoing treatment. For most adults, however, immunosuppressant drugs are needed to control the disease. […] The outlook for people with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody is poor despite current treatment. […] In adults, death may result from: Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Respiratory failure, Severe, long-term muscle weakness. […] The major causes of death are cancer and lung disease.

• #2 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  Polymyositis (PM) is a rare disease that causes chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. It affects the muscles and connective tissues of the body, and sometimes the joints too. […] The main symptoms are weakness and inflammation of the muscles (poly means many, myo means muscle, and itis means inflammation). The muscular weakness may be progressive and can be severely disabling. […] The main symptoms of polymyositis are weak and painful muscles, tiredness and feelings of depression. Some people may also have joint pains. […] Some may have the disease for months or even years before it is realised, but most notice within weeks if they have developed muscular weakness. […] The large muscles about the hips and shoulders are usually the first to be affected and may feel tender and weak. This is caused by the swelling of the blood vessels in the muscles (vasculitis).

• #2 Polymyositis – Myositis Association Australia

  https://myositis.org.au/myositis/about-myositis/polymyositis/

  Polymyositis develops gradually over weeks or months. By the time the person experiences symptoms, they may have significant loss of muscle fibres. Difficulties may include: […] Profound muscular weakness in affected body parts, such as being unable to lift the arms above shoulder height or lift the head off a pillow […] Voice changes, if the muscles of the larynx are affected […] Problems with swallowing if the oesophagus is affected, with a tendency to regurgitate food […] Peristalsis (the muscular contractions of the bowel) may falter, leading to constipation […] In its later stages, the disease may cause the abnormal shortening of muscles (contracture) […] The head, hands and feet are usually untouched by the disease.

• #2 Polymyositis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/polymyositis

  You may have trouble lifting your arms over your head, walking up flights of stairs, rising from a chair, or carrying things. Sometimes, it may be hard to swallow food. […] Other symptoms include: […] Muscle aches […] Fever […] Weight loss […] Fatigue […] Joint pain […] Trouble breathing […] The condition slowly gets worse over 3-6 months. It’s rare, but you could also have polymyositis that comes on very fast. […] Polymyositis can become inactive, meaning it will go away and come back. During the inactive periods, you may feel well and have few or no symptoms. […] The prognosis for polymyositis depends on how severe a case you have. Most people respond to treatment and get some of their muscle strength back. Some weakness may remain, and your symptoms could come back. While the condition is rarely life-threatening, you could become disabled if you dont get proper treatment.

• #2 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  In addition to medication, exercise and physiotherapy can help ease the symptoms of polymyositis. […] Exercise is encouraged even in early phases of the condition, guided by your doctor and physiotherapist. […] Appropriate physiotherapy exercises can help to maximise the efficiency of the relatively unaffected muscles. Together with medical treatment, physiotherapy can also help make weak muscles strong again. […] There is always a possibility that this can happen. As it is not fully understood how polymyositis develops initially, it can be triggered again. […] A small percentage do get well within two years. For most it is a case of living with the disease and understanding as much about the illness as possible, so that even during the periods of increased pain and weakness, a nearly normal life can be led.

• #2 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis.html

  Both Polymyositis and dermatomyositis have symptoms in common with sclerosis or sometimes lupus. […] The symptoms include: Muscle weakness. This is usually not noticeable until the disease is advanced and about half the muscle fibers have been destroyed. A person may have difficulty raising his or her arms above the shoulders, climbing steps or rising from sitting. If the neck muscles are seriously affected, it may not be possible for the person to lift his or her head from the pillow. If the muscles of the throat are affected, the person may have difficult using his or her voice. […] Shortness of breath. This is caused by gradual damage and weakness of the chest wall and the muscles that move the diaphragm during breathing. […] Difficulty swallowing. This may occur when the muscles of the throat and esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) are involved.

• #2 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis.html

  Compared to lupus or sclerosis, there is relatively little organ involvement with polymyositis. Sometimes, however, the effect on specific organs may be the first symptoms. These include breathing problems, heart disorders involving irregular rhythms or electrical signals, kidney failure or digestive tract ulcers. […] Polymyositis tends to be more severe and difficult to treat if the disease affects the patient’s heart or lungs. However, relatively long periods of time without symptoms (remission) or even apparent recovery do occur, especially in children. […] Severe muscle weakness that continues to get worse can become life threatening if it causes difficulty swallowing, malnutrition or respiratory difficulties or failure.

• #2 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Muscle weakness — Typically patients develop painless weakness of the proximal muscles—the large muscle groups of the upper arms, thighs, neck, and trunk—in a symmetric pattern affecting both sides of the body. The weakness usually develops over several weeks to months. […] Skin changes — People with dermatomyositis often develop a rash or other changes in the skin. […] Lung disease — Interstitial lung disease (inflammation of lung tissue) occurs most commonly in patients with antisynthetase antibodies in their blood. These patients may develop a cough and shortness of breath with exertion that ranges from mild symptoms to severe, progressive respiratory distress. […] The severity of disease in a person with dermatomyositis or polymyositis is highly variable, ranging from mild weakness that responds well to treatment to a rapid progression of symptoms that are unresponsive to all treatments. […] People with dermatomyositis or polymyositis tend to have a better outcome if they are treated promptly, have mild muscle weakness, have no difficulty swallowing, and have no signs of disease in other organ systems such as the heart and lungs.

• #2 Understanding Polymyositis and Its Effect on Your Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/polymyositis

  Living with polymyositis can vary from person to person. Active symptoms of the condition could disappear with medical and lifestyle treatments. You may need to take medications like immunosuppressants for several years before the symptoms diminish completely. Many people recover completely from this condition. […] Polymyositis is not usually considered life threatening. However, severe cases of the condition that do not respond well to treatment or that go untreated may result in: weight loss and malnutrition, respiratory failure, pneumonia.

• #2 Polymyositis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Prognosis

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/polymyositis

  Without treatment, or if treatment doesn’t work, the disease can progress and cause complications and disability. Complications can include: Breathing problems, which can cause shortness of breath and respiratory failure in some cases. Cancer, which along with lung disease is a major cause of death in polymyositis. Difficulty swallowing, which can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Eventually, aspiration pneumonia becomes a risk when swallowing is severely impaired. It happens when you inhale food or liquid into your lungs when you aren’t able to swallow properly. Heart problems, including congestive heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms. Severe muscle weakness.

• #2 Polymyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis.html

  Weight loss and poor nutrition may become a problem if muscle weakness leads to trouble eating and swallowing. […] If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. If the muscles in the digestive tract and chest wall are affected, you may have problems breathing (respiratory failure), malnutrition, and weight loss. Polymyositis that is treated but can’t be managed well can cause severe disability. It can lead to an inability to swallow or breathe without help.

• #2 Polymyositis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925-overview

  Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by the following: Progressive symmetric, predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Elevated skeletal muscle enzyme levels. Characteristic electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy findings. […] In most patients, polymyositis responds well to treatment, although residual weakness occurs in approximately 30% of patients. […] Poor prognostic factors include the following: Advanced age, Female sex, African-American race, Interstitial lung disease, Presence of anti-Jo-1 (lung disease) and anti-SRP antibodies (severe muscle disease, cardiac involvement), Associated malignancy, Delayed or inadequate treatment, Dysphagia, dysphonia, Cardiac and pulmonary involvement. […] A meta-analysis estimated that worldwide, the prevalence of ILD in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis is 41%, with the highest prevalence among Asians (50%). ILD was more frequently associated with anti-Jo-1 and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies than other myositis-specific autoantibodies. […] Five-year survival rates in polymyositis have been estimated at more than 80%. Mortality is most often related to associated malignancy or pulmonary complications; elderly patients with cardiac involvement or dysphagia also have a higher mortality rate.

• #2 Polymyositis – adult: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000428.htm

  Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are rare inflammatory diseases. These diseases lead to muscle weakness, swelling, tenderness, and tissue damage. Polymyositis is a systemic disease. This means it affects the whole body. Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. This can make it hard to raise the arms over the head, get up from a sitting position, or climb stairs. Difficulty swallowing. Muscle pain. Problems with the voice (caused by weak throat muscles). Shortness of breath. You may also have: Fatigue, Fever, Joint pain, Loss of appetite, Morning stiffness, Weight loss, Skin rash on the back of the fingers, on the eyelids, or on the face. […] Response to treatment varies, based on the complications. As many as 1 in 5 people may die within 5 years of developing the condition. Many people, especially children, recover from the illness and do not need ongoing treatment. For most adults, however, immunosuppressant drugs are needed to control the disease. The outlook for people with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody is poor despite current treatment. In adults, death may result from: Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Respiratory failure, Severe, long-term muscle weakness. The major causes of death are cancer and lung disease.

• #2 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics/print

  Muscle weakness — Typically patients develop painless weakness of the proximal muscles—the large muscle groups of the upper arms, thighs, neck, and trunk—in a symmetric pattern affecting both sides of the body. […] The weakness usually develops over several weeks to months. […] The severity of disease in a person with dermatomyositis or polymyositis is highly variable, ranging from mild weakness that responds well to treatment to a rapid progression of symptoms that are unresponsive to all treatments. […] People with dermatomyositis or polymyositis tend to have a better outcome if they are treated promptly, have mild muscle weakness, have no difficulty swallowing, and have no signs of disease in other organ systems such as the heart and lungs.

• #2 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  The outcome for patients with polymyositis varies. While some have a relatively brief illness followed by remission not requiring subsequent treatment, others develop episodes of remissions and exacerbations requiring more or less treatment. […] The presence of Jo-1 antibody, a myositis antibody, is predictive of an increased risk for the development of inflammation of the tissues of the lungs (interstitial lung disease). This can lead to permanent suboptimal lung function.

• #2 Myositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24170-myositis

  Theres no cure for myositis, but in most cases, treatment can put it into remission. Most people with myositis have it for the rest of their lives. […] Some cases of myositis can be fatal. Around 5% of people with dermatomyositis die within a year of their diagnosis. This is why its important to get your symptoms examined by a healthcare provider as soon as you notice them.

• #2 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  The weakness results in difficulty in walking, lifting arms and getting up from the sitting and lying down positions. There may even be some trouble in swallowing and the voice may become nasal or deeper in quality. […] Depression and a general feeling of unhappiness is very noticeable and can be an indication of the disease before any sign of muscle weakness. […] Other possible symptoms of the illnesses include fever and weight loss. […] There is no cure for polymyositis yet, but there are treatment options to help manage the symptoms. […] Once the disease has been diagnosed, most patients respond well to steroids. […] A second line of treatment is immunosuppressive medication. Like steroids, these drugs suppress the body’s immune system and limit the inflammation. […] If the patient does not respond to these treatments then intermittent (pulsed) treatment can be given intravenously or plasma exchanges would be considered.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/polymyositis

  The most commonly used medications to treat polymyositis include corticosteroids. Drugs such as prednisone can be very effective in controlling polymyositis symptoms. […] Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest physical therapy. A physical therapist can show you exercises to maintain and improve your strength and flexibility and advise an appropriate level of activity.

• #2 Polymyositis: Definition, causes, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/polymyositis

  As the disease progresses, muscle weakness can also occur in the distal muscles, which are the muscles farthest from the torso. […] In the beginning stages, polymyositis may cause mild discomfort. As muscles continue to weaken, a person may begin to experience difficulty moving. […] Polymyositis can be associated with lung problems, and interstitial lung disease is a possible cause of any breathing problems that occur. Other possible symptoms of polymyositis include chronic dry cough, shortness of breath, speech difficulties, swallowing difficulties, fatigue, and arthritis. […] People with polymyositis generally require lifelong treatment. Most people respond well to the treatment and regain strength in their muscles. However, some people may find that their muscle weakness persists to some degree.

• #2 Myositis | Causes, symptoms, treatment

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/myositis/

  Although people can make a good recovery, some never regain their original muscle strength or function. […] Sometimes, drug treatments dont work fully and the muscles can remain weak. […] Occasionally, myositis can affect breathing and swallowing. This may occur at the start of severe cases when the muscles used for these important tasks become weak. […] Polymyositis occasionally occurs in patients who have other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or scleroderma. […] Even in severe cases, myositis usually responds to treatment, although many people need life-long drug treatment to keep their condition under control. […] People with myositis can make a good recovery. However, some people with severe symptoms may never fully recover.

• #2 Polymyositis Diagnosis And Treatment – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/polymyositis-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Polymyositis can cause prolonged muscle weakness in the shoulder, pelvis, and neck muscles – causing difficulty with everyday movements, such as getting up from the chair. […] Polymyositis is a type of idiopathic immunological myositis (IIM). Various studies have found that less than 5% of myositis cases are polymyositis, making it a rare disease. […] This disease generally has a poor prognosis, reducing patients quality of life and having a mortality rate of 10%. Therefore, adequate diagnosis and treatment in the early stages of the disease prevent complications and optimise each patients prognosis. […] Polymyositis is characterised by activating immune system cells that attack the endomysium, a thin layer of connective tissue around muscle fibres. Polymyositis can cause persistent and worsening muscle weakness in the shoulders, pelvis, and neck and nonspecific symptoms such as lack of appetite, mild fever, and weight loss. […] Long-term follow-up is crucial because of the increased risk of complications such as fractures, cancer, heart problems, and difficulty swallowing.

• #3 Polymyositis – adult Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/polymyositis-adult

  Polymyositis is a systemic disease. This means it affects the whole body. Muscle weakness and tenderness can be signs of polymyositis. A rash is a sign of a related condition, dermatomyositis. […] Common symptoms include: Muscle weakness in the shoulders and hips. This can make it hard to raise the arms over the head, get up from a sitting position, or climb stairs. Difficulty swallowing. Muscle pain. Problems with the voice (caused by weak throat muscles). Shortness of breath. […] You may also have: Fatigue, Fever, Joint pain, Loss of appetite, Morning stiffness, Weight loss, Skin rash on the back of the fingers, on the eyelids, or on the face. […] Response to treatment varies, based on the complications. As many as 1 in 5 people may die within 5 years of developing the condition. […] Many people, especially children, recover from the illness and do not need ongoing treatment. For most adults, however, immunosuppressant drugs are needed to control the disease. […] The outlook for people with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody is poor despite current treatment. […] In adults, death may result from: Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Respiratory failure, Severe, long-term muscle weakness. […] The major causes of death are cancer and lung disease.

• #3 Polymyositis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/polymyositis

  Polymyositis is a type of disease called an inflammatory myopathy, which means that it irritates the muscles that help you move. Polymyositis also damages nearby tissues, such as the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to your muscles. […] It usually affects the muscles in your thighs and upper arms. It causes muscle weakness and pain on both sides of your body and makes it hard to do everyday things, such as climbing stairs and getting out of a chair. Theres no cure for this ongoing (chronic) condition, but there are treatments that can help with symptoms. […] The symptoms of polymyositis are caused by inflammation (irritation and swelling) in your muscles. The muscle weakness happens on both sides of your body. It usually affects muscle groups closer to the center of your body, such as hips, shoulders, thighs, upper arms, upper back, and neck.

• #3 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  Muscle Pain Polymyositis is a disease of muscle featuring inflammation of the muscle fibers. Polymyositis is a chronic illness featuring progressive muscle weakness with periods of increased symptoms, called flares or relapses, and minimal or no symptoms, known as remissions. The weakness of muscles is the most common symptom of polymyositis. The muscles involved usually are those that are closest to the trunk of the body. Both sides of the body are affected. The onset can be gradual or rapid. This results in varying degrees of loss of muscle power and atrophy. The loss of strength can be noticed as difficulty getting up from chairs, walking, climbing stairs, or lifting above the shoulders. The trouble with swallowing and weakness lifting the head from the pillow can occur. Occasionally, the muscles ache and are tender to the touch.

• #3 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  The outcome for patients with polymyositis varies. While some have a relatively brief illness followed by remission not requiring subsequent treatment, others develop episodes of remissions and exacerbations requiring more or less treatment. […] The presence of Jo-1 antibody, a myositis antibody, is predictive of an increased risk for the development of inflammation of the tissues of the lungs (interstitial lung disease). This can lead to permanent suboptimal lung function.

• #3 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Involvement of the striated muscles of the oropharynx and upper esophagus occurs in 10-15% of patients, is a poor prognostic indicator, and may lead to dysphagia, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia. Interstitial lung disease occurs in 5-10% of patients. In addition, there may be ventilatory dysfunction due to involvement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Cardiac involvement is most often asymptomatic, but may result in conduction disturbances, myocarditis, or congestive heart failure. […] The degree of weakness may vary from mild to near paralysis.

• #3 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  Patients can also feel fatigued, a general feeling of discomfort, and have weight loss and/or low-grade fever. […] The weakness of the muscles that produce the voice can lead to a weak-sounding voice (dysphonia). […] With skin involvement (dermatomyositis), the eyes can be surrounded by a violet discoloration with swelling. […] There can be scaly reddish discoloration over the knuckles, elbows, and knees (Gottron’s sign). […] There can also be a reddish rash on the face, neck, and upper chest. […] The skin changes can occur with or before the development of muscle weakness. […] Heart and lung involvement can lead to irregular heart rhythm, heart failure, and inflammation of the lungs with shortness of breath. […] The cancer risk is reported to be much greater with dermatomyositis than polymyositis.

• #3 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics/print

  Muscle weakness — Typically patients develop painless weakness of the proximal muscles—the large muscle groups of the upper arms, thighs, neck, and trunk—in a symmetric pattern affecting both sides of the body. […] The weakness usually develops over several weeks to months. […] The severity of disease in a person with dermatomyositis or polymyositis is highly variable, ranging from mild weakness that responds well to treatment to a rapid progression of symptoms that are unresponsive to all treatments. […] People with dermatomyositis or polymyositis tend to have a better outcome if they are treated promptly, have mild muscle weakness, have no difficulty swallowing, and have no signs of disease in other organ systems such as the heart and lungs.

• #3 Managing Your Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/myositis

  Symptoms of dermatomyositis are a rash (on the face, chest, back, elbows, knees, and knuckles) and weakness of neck, shoulder, upper arm, hip, and thigh muscles. People may have trouble getting out of chairs, climbing stairs, lifting things, or reaching over their heads. Sometimes, trouble swallowing, sore muscles, tiredness, fever, hard bumps under the skin, and weight loss occur. The disease may also affect the lungs, heart, or gut. No rash occurs in polymyositis, but other symptoms are the same. […] Treatments may help the rash and muscle strength improve, but some muscles may be permanently weak. However, treatment may last for months or even years. Sometimes, the disease goes away on its own. […] About half of people have a remission and stop therapy within 5 years of diagnosis. The others will have active disease that needs ongoing treatment or inactive disease with permanent muscle weakness.

• #3 Polymyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/polymyositis/

  In addition to medication, exercise and physiotherapy can help ease the symptoms of polymyositis. […] Exercise is encouraged even in early phases of the condition, guided by your doctor and physiotherapist. […] Appropriate physiotherapy exercises can help to maximise the efficiency of the relatively unaffected muscles. Together with medical treatment, physiotherapy can also help make weak muscles strong again. […] There is always a possibility that this can happen. As it is not fully understood how polymyositis develops initially, it can be triggered again. […] A small percentage do get well within two years. For most it is a case of living with the disease and understanding as much about the illness as possible, so that even during the periods of increased pain and weakness, a nearly normal life can be led.

• #3 Polymyositis: Definition, causes, symptoms, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/polymyositis

  As the disease progresses, muscle weakness can also occur in the distal muscles, which are the muscles farthest from the torso. […] In the beginning stages, polymyositis may cause mild discomfort. As muscles continue to weaken, a person may begin to experience difficulty moving. […] Polymyositis can be associated with lung problems, and interstitial lung disease is a possible cause of any breathing problems that occur. Other possible symptoms of polymyositis include chronic dry cough, shortness of breath, speech difficulties, swallowing difficulties, fatigue, and arthritis. […] People with polymyositis generally require lifelong treatment. Most people respond well to the treatment and regain strength in their muscles. However, some people may find that their muscle weakness persists to some degree.

• #3 Myositis | Causes, symptoms, treatment

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/myositis/

  Although people can make a good recovery, some never regain their original muscle strength or function. […] Sometimes, drug treatments dont work fully and the muscles can remain weak. […] Occasionally, myositis can affect breathing and swallowing. This may occur at the start of severe cases when the muscles used for these important tasks become weak. […] Polymyositis occasionally occurs in patients who have other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or scleroderma. […] Even in severe cases, myositis usually responds to treatment, although many people need life-long drug treatment to keep their condition under control. […] People with myositis can make a good recovery. However, some people with severe symptoms may never fully recover.

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