Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Polymyositis, a relatively uncommon autoimmune disorder, develops due to abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) and macrophages against muscular antigens that result in rhabdomyolysis and ultimately presents as a proximal myopathy. This activity outlines the evaluation and treatment of polymyositis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Summarize the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to enhance the care of patients with polymyositis. […] Being an autoimmune disorder, polymyositis, a rheumatological disease, requires long-term treatment with steroids or immunomodulators along with the treatment of the underlying etiological factors. […] Polymyositis is treated with a combination of different pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. Pharmacological treatment mainly includes corticosteroids. Prednisone and methylprednisolone are the most common corticosteroids used for polymyositis, with a starting dose of 1 mg/kg of prednisone a day.

• #2 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #3 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure.

• #5 Polymyositis – AmeriPharma® Specialty Care

  https://ameripharmaspecialty.com/other-health-conditions/polymyositis/

  Polymyositis is a rare, chronic type of muscle disease known as inflammatory myopathy. Polymyositis belongs to a category of myositis, which includes polymyositis and dermatomyositis, and it causes muscles to be irritated and inflamed. […] Polymyositis is considered an autoimmune condition treated with the above medications. However, many patients who respond to such treatments initially develop resistance to these therapies, or these medications can cause severe side effects when used for a prolonged period. […] Although there is no known cure for polymyositis, treatment for the conditions associated with polymyositis can improve muscle strength and function. The earlier treatment is started, the more effective it is in preventing the worsening of symptoms and reducing complications. […] Polymyositis is a chronic condition, but there are ways to help manage it. The most common medications used for treating polymyositis include corticosteroids, corticosteroid-sparing agents, and rituximab.

• #6 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead. […] While there is no cure for polymyositis, treatment ranging from medications to physical therapy can improve your muscle strength and function. […] Although there’s no cure for polymyositis, treatment can improve your muscle strength and function. The earlier treatment is started in the course of polymyositis, the more effective it is leading to fewer complications. […] However, as with many conditions, no single approach is best; your doctor will tailor your treatment strategy based on your symptoms and how well they respond to therapy.

• #7 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #8 Myositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24170-myositis

  Polymyositis affects multiple muscles at the same time. It usually causes symptoms in muscles on or near the center of your body. […] If you have polymyositis, you might have trouble performing movements you usually can, including: Standing up after sitting, Climbing stairs, Lifting objects, Reaching over your head. […] Your provider or physical therapist will give you stretches and exercises to keep your affected muscles flexible and strong. This can help reduce pain and stiffness and how much you’re affected by future episodes. […] Even though there’s no cure for myositis, your healthcare provider will help you find treatments and physical therapy exercises that will manage your symptoms.

• #9 Myositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24170-myositis

  Polymyositis affects multiple muscles at the same time. It usually causes symptoms in muscles on or near the center of your body. […] If you have polymyositis, you might have trouble performing movements you usually can, including: Standing up after sitting, Climbing stairs, Lifting objects, Reaching over your head. […] Your provider or physical therapist will give you stretches and exercises to keep your affected muscles flexible and strong. This can help reduce pain and stiffness and how much you’re affected by future episodes. […] Even though there’s no cure for myositis, your healthcare provider will help you find treatments and physical therapy exercises that will manage your symptoms.

• #10 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) […] The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of diseases in which inflammation occurs in muscles and often in organs and tissues other than muscle. Included in this group are various conditions whose names contain the term „myositis,” which simply means muscle inflammation: […] Polymyositis […] Clinical manifestations — The main symptom that is common to the inflammatory myopathies is muscle weakness. Other symptoms that indicate involvement of body systems other than muscle can occur. […] Muscle weakness — Typically patients develop painless weakness of the proximal muscles—the large muscle groups of the upper arms, thighs, neck, and trunk—in a symmetric pattern affecting both sides of the body.

• #11 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #12 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #13 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #14 Polymyositis

  https://healthlibrary.baycare.org/Library/Wellness/TodaysMedicine/134,45

  Polymyositis can make it hard to do everyday things. You may notice trouble walking up a flight of stairs, lifting up your arms, or getting out of your chair. […] Weight loss and poor nutrition may become a problem if muscle weakness leads to trouble eating and swallowing. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. There’s no known cure for polymyositis, but the symptoms can be managed. […] Physical therapy. This treatment includes special exercises that help to stretch and strengthen the muscles. They can help keep muscles from shrinking. […] If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. […] Although polymyositis can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed.

• #15 Leading Polymyositis Treatment in Brisbane | ArthritisCARE

  https://arthritiscare.com.au/polymyositis/

  At ArthritisCARE, we are committed to providing our patients with the best possible polymyositis treatment in Brisbane. Our team of medical professionals is highly trained and experienced in treating this condition and can help you manage the symptoms and achieve a better quality of life. […] Polymyositis belongs to a group of musculoskeletal conditions. This particular form affects the shoulders, neck, hips, and back in particular. […] People with polymyositis usually present with the weakening of muscles, difficulty performing everyday tasks or lifting their arms, fatigue, and viral infection-type signs. […] At ArthritisCARE, we offer a range of treatment options for polymyositis, including medications and non-medical management. Some cases respond very well to treatment; others may be less responsive. A specialist Rheumatologist can help determine the best course of therapy that can manage your symptoms and may lead to remission.

• #16 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #17 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. This dose is usually maintained for the first 6-8 weeks. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. After the initial 6-8 weeks, a slow taper of steroids should begin. The goal is to taper steroids off or to the lowest possible effective dose over a period of 9-12 months. A significant proportion of patients cannot be managed with steroids alone, either because of side effects, poor disease control, or both. Many rheumatologists start a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent at the time steroids are initiated, while others prefer to reserve these agents for patients who have clearly failed corticosteroid monotherapy.

• #18

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness. […] The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care.

• #19 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. This dose is usually maintained for the first 6-8 weeks. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. After the initial 6-8 weeks, a slow taper of steroids should begin. The goal is to taper steroids off or to the lowest possible effective dose over a period of 9-12 months. A significant proportion of patients cannot be managed with steroids alone, either because of side effects, poor disease control, or both. Many rheumatologists start a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent at the time steroids are initiated, while others prefer to reserve these agents for patients who have clearly failed corticosteroid monotherapy.

• #20 Polymyositis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925-overview

  Patients with polymyositis should be educated early about the disease, its complications, and treatment options and should be provided with realistic expectations about outcomes. Most patients show significant improvement with treatment. Stress the need for close follow-up care, continued physical therapy, and long-term therapy with monitoring of several parameters including medication toxicity and screening for malignancy. […] Treatment of polymyositis is empirical because of the rarity of the disease and the paucity of randomized controlled trials. Prednisone is the first-line treatment of choice. Immunosuppressive agents are indicated in patients who do not improve within a reasonable period (ie, 4 wk) or in whom adverse effects from corticosteroids develop. Limited data support the use of other agents.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. […] The process of selecting steroid-sparing drugs is empirical, although the most commonly used are azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX). AZA is usually administered orally at a dose of 1.5- 3 mg/kg/day. The drug may not be fully effective for up to 4 months. Nausea, bone marrow suppression, and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function studies is required.

• #22 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. This dose is usually maintained for the first 6-8 weeks. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. After the initial 6-8 weeks, a slow taper of steroids should begin. The goal is to taper steroids off or to the lowest possible effective dose over a period of 9-12 months. A significant proportion of patients cannot be managed with steroids alone, either because of side effects, poor disease control, or both. Many rheumatologists start a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent at the time steroids are initiated, while others prefer to reserve these agents for patients who have clearly failed corticosteroid monotherapy.

• #23 Polymyositis | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/neurology/neuromuscular-diseases/conditions/polymyositis

  Prednisone is then slowly tapered to reach an every other day regimen. […] Tapering of prednisone is slowly continued until the minimum dosage at which symptoms are controlled is reached. […] In a few cases (about 10 percent) patients go into remission and remain symptom-free without immunosuppression. […] If steroids are ineffective or cannot be tolerated, other immunosuppressants have also been used with good results.

• #24 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. This dose is usually maintained for the first 6-8 weeks. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. After the initial 6-8 weeks, a slow taper of steroids should begin. The goal is to taper steroids off or to the lowest possible effective dose over a period of 9-12 months. A significant proportion of patients cannot be managed with steroids alone, either because of side effects, poor disease control, or both. Many rheumatologists start a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent at the time steroids are initiated, while others prefer to reserve these agents for patients who have clearly failed corticosteroid monotherapy.

• #25 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  In a steroid responsive patient, the goal is to attain the lowest dose of steroids that will adequately manage the disease. In order to achieve this goal, steroid-sparing agents are necessary in most PM patients. The process of selecting steroid-sparing drugs is empirical, although the most commonly used are azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX). AZA is usually administered orally at a dose of 1.5- 3 mg/kg/day. The drug may not be fully effective for up to 4 months. Nausea, bone marrow suppression, and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function studies is required. MTX may be administered orally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. MTX is given once a week at doses ranging from 10-40 mg. Doses above 20 mg weekly are best tolerated when given parenterally. The peak effect of MTX is seen within 2 months. Bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects, and the dose must be adjusted downward in the face of renal insufficiency. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts, liver function tests, and serum creatinine is required.

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  Corticosteroids like prednisone are the first line of therapy for PM. The usual starting dose is 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or its equivalent. The response to therapy should be assessed every 2-4 weeks by monitoring the proximal muscle strength, muscle enzyme levels, and patient functionality. Muscle strength and functional measures are better indicators of improvement than muscle enzyme levels. […] The process of selecting steroid-sparing drugs is empirical, although the most commonly used are azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX). AZA is usually administered orally at a dose of 1.5- 3 mg/kg/day. The drug may not be fully effective for up to 4 months. Nausea, bone marrow suppression, and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function studies is required.

• #27 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  In a steroid responsive patient, the goal is to attain the lowest dose of steroids that will adequately manage the disease. In order to achieve this goal, steroid-sparing agents are necessary in most PM patients. The process of selecting steroid-sparing drugs is empirical, although the most commonly used are azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX). AZA is usually administered orally at a dose of 1.5- 3 mg/kg/day. The drug may not be fully effective for up to 4 months. Nausea, bone marrow suppression, and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts and liver function studies is required. MTX may be administered orally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. MTX is given once a week at doses ranging from 10-40 mg. Doses above 20 mg weekly are best tolerated when given parenterally. The peak effect of MTX is seen within 2 months. Bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity are the major adverse effects, and the dose must be adjusted downward in the face of renal insufficiency. Regular laboratory monitoring of complete blood counts, liver function tests, and serum creatinine is required.

• #28 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis.html

  If the myositis is associated with tumors that can’t be removed surgically or that have spread from other parts of the body, it may not respond as well to corticosteroids. […] When corticosteroids cannot be used, drugs that suppress the body’s immune system may be used instead. […] These include methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, azathioprine and cyclosporine. […] If a tumor is associated with polymyositis, sometimes removing the tumor causes the polymyositis to go away. […] In children, it may be possible to discontinue prednisone after a year if the polymyositis appears to disappear. […] Polymyositis tends to be more severe and difficult to treat if the disease affects the patient’s heart or lungs. […] However, relatively long periods of time without symptoms (remission) or even apparent recovery do occur, especially in children. […] Severe muscle weakness that continues to get worse can become life threatening if it causes difficulty swallowing, malnutrition or respiratory difficulties or failure.

• #29 Polymyositis

  https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/neurological-disorders-az/diseases-a-to-z-from-ninds/polymyositis

  There is no cure for polymyositis, but the symptoms can be treated. Options include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. The standard treatment for polymyositis is a corticosteroid drug, given either in pill form or intravenously. Physical therapy is usually recommended to prevent muscle atrophy and to regain muscle strength and range of motion. […] Immunosuppressant drugs, such as azathioprine and methotrexate, may reduce inflammation in people who do not respond well to prednisone. Periodic treatment using intravenous immunoglobulin can also improve recovery. Other immunosuppressive agents used to treat the inflammation associated with polymyositis include cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide, and tacrolimus.

• #30

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  In patients who are corticosteroid resistant, especially where there is rapidly progressive or life-threatening progression, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be helpful. The recommended initial dose is 2 g/kg. Improvement in strength may be evident within days of the first infusion. Repeated infusions at 5-8 week intervals may be necessary to maintain response. […] The majority of patients respond to therapy, although some degree of long-term muscle damage is not uncommon.

• #31 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  The initial treatment is typically corticosteroids such as prednisone or prednisolone and may be dosed by the patients weight at 1 mg per kg. […] Corticosteroids address inflammation and simultaneously help suppress the overactive immune system. […] Additional drugs to suppress the immune system are frequently added to the steroids, sometimes at the beginning of treatment and other times once the determination has been made that steroids have shown to be effective. […] Since steroids, especially in high doses and over prolonged periods, are known to have many adverse side effects and may cause many other health issues, the introduction of steroid-sparing medications should be considered. […] Immunoglobulin comes from antibodies extracted from the plasma from thousands of blood donors.

• #32 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest: Physical therapy. A physical therapist can show you exercises to maintain and improve your strength and flexibility and advise an appropriate level of activity. […] Speech therapy. If your swallowing muscles are weakened by polymyositis, speech therapy can help you learn how to compensate for those changes. […] Dietetic assessment. Later in the course of polymyositis, chewing and swallowing can become more difficult. A registered dietitian can teach you how to prepare easy-to-eat, nutritious foods. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a purified blood product that contains healthy antibodies from thousands of blood donors. These healthy antibodies can block the damaging antibodies that attack muscle in polymyositis. Given as an infusion through a vein, IVIg treatments may need to be repeated regularly for the effects to continue.

• #33 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  The initial treatment is typically corticosteroids such as prednisone or prednisolone and may be dosed by the patients weight at 1 mg per kg. […] Corticosteroids address inflammation and simultaneously help suppress the overactive immune system. […] Additional drugs to suppress the immune system are frequently added to the steroids, sometimes at the beginning of treatment and other times once the determination has been made that steroids have shown to be effective. […] Since steroids, especially in high doses and over prolonged periods, are known to have many adverse side effects and may cause many other health issues, the introduction of steroid-sparing medications should be considered. […] Immunoglobulin comes from antibodies extracted from the plasma from thousands of blood donors.

• #34 Myositis: Muscle Inflammation | Inflammatory Myopathy | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_myositis.asp

  Myositis care at HSS provides exceptional clinical care and social support for people with myositis. Care is provided by our world-class Division of Rheumatology and the Scleroderma, Vasculitis Myositis Center of Excellence. In addition, our Myositis Education and Support Program gives patients the opportunity to communicate with one another as well as with HSS and guest clinicians, social workers and other experts. […] Treatment of myositis should always include regular exercise and physical therapy, but may also include immunosuppressive medications like steroids, methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate. […] It is somewhat counterintuitive to recommend exercise to myositis patients, whose muscle is already injured by their immune system. However, recent research has shown that physical therapy can help maintain and improve muscle function in myositis patients, without significant risk of harm.

• #35 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Treatment of the inflammatory myopathies typically includes prednisone. Prednisone is a form of cortisone that in high doses is a very effective antiinflammatory agent. […] Since polymyositis and dermatomyositis cannot be cured but can be controlled by medications, it is important for patients with these diseases to be monitored long-term for signs of disease reactivation. […] In addition to medications, people with dermatomyositis or polymyositis should take precautions to prevent complications related to the disease and its treatments. […] Exercise — Physical therapy and rehabilitation should begin soon after the diagnosis of dermatomyositis or polymyositis to prevent contractures (shortening of the muscle that can limit joint movement). […] Aspiration prevention — Patients who have trouble swallowing must take care to avoid inhaling (aspirating) foods and drinks.

• #36 Medical Management – Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management

  Polymyositis (PM) is a highly treatable disease. […] Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with PM, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength and avoid development of contractures (muscle shortening/tightening). […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

• #37 Polymyositis Treatment | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/polymyositis/treatment.html

  At Stanford, we take a comprehensive approach to treating polymyositis. Every person experiences polymyositis differently, with different symptoms that need to be addressed. We tailor a treatment plan that responds to your unique health needs. […] Our Neuromuscular Program doctors collaborate closely with other specialties, such as the Immunology and Rheumatology Clinic, to bring you the care that best meets your unique needs. […] The symptoms of polymyositis often can be well-managed using a variety of treatments, including: […] Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and assist with mobility.

• #38 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are problems with your immune system. Polymyositis attacks your muscles. Dermatomyositis attacks your skin and muscles. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong and flexible. You also may get exercises from a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints. […] Talk to your doctor about an exercise program. Activity is important for your muscles, heart, and lungs. If your doctor says it is okay, you may be able to walk, swim, cycle, or take exercise classes. You also may be able to lift weights.

• #39 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Treatment of the inflammatory myopathies typically includes prednisone. Prednisone is a form of cortisone that in high doses is a very effective antiinflammatory agent. […] Since polymyositis and dermatomyositis cannot be cured but can be controlled by medications, it is important for patients with these diseases to be monitored long-term for signs of disease reactivation. […] In addition to medications, people with dermatomyositis or polymyositis should take precautions to prevent complications related to the disease and its treatments. […] Exercise — Physical therapy and rehabilitation should begin soon after the diagnosis of dermatomyositis or polymyositis to prevent contractures (shortening of the muscle that can limit joint movement). […] Aspiration prevention — Patients who have trouble swallowing must take care to avoid inhaling (aspirating) foods and drinks.

• #40 Polymyositis Treatment | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/polymyositis/treatment.html

  At Stanford, we take a comprehensive approach to treating polymyositis. Every person experiences polymyositis differently, with different symptoms that need to be addressed. We tailor a treatment plan that responds to your unique health needs. […] Our Neuromuscular Program doctors collaborate closely with other specialties, such as the Immunology and Rheumatology Clinic, to bring you the care that best meets your unique needs. […] The symptoms of polymyositis often can be well-managed using a variety of treatments, including: […] Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and assist with mobility.

• #41 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Use canes, crutches, and any other assistive devices to help you get around. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your muscle pain or weakness suddenly gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have side effects from the medicines that help control the immune system.

• #42 Polymyositis | Healthengine Blog

  https://healthinfo.healthengine.com.au/polymyositis

  Many different health professionals may be involved in the care of a patient with PM. These include rheumatologists, neurologists, speech therapists and physiotherapists. […] Patients are encouraged to follow an exercise program to help maintain muscle strength and keep full range of movements. Treatment is normally with corticosteroid medications. Patients are monitored for improvement and side effects to the corticosteroids such as weight gain, skin changes and reduced bone density. For cases of PM which are difficult to treat, medications to suppress the immune system may be added.

• #43 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #44 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #45 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are problems with your immune system. Polymyositis attacks your muscles. Dermatomyositis attacks your skin and muscles. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong and flexible. You also may get exercises from a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints. […] Talk to your doctor about an exercise program. Activity is important for your muscles, heart, and lungs. If your doctor says it is okay, you may be able to walk, swim, cycle, or take exercise classes. You also may be able to lift weights.

• #46 Polymyositis Treatment in Atlanta | Arthritis and Rheumatology of Georgia

  https://argmd.net/conditions-we-treat/polymyositis/

  Polymyositis is a rare inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of the body. […] Early diagnosis and treatment at Arthritis and Rheumatology of Georgia (ARG) are essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications. […] Medications: High doses of corticosteroids are the primary treatment to reduce muscle inflammation. […] Therapies: Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve muscle strength and flexibility. […] Lifestyle Changes: Regular Exercise: Engaging in low-impact exercises such as swimming or walking to maintain muscle strength. […] Symptom Management: Using medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups. […] At Arthritis and Rheumatology of Georgia, we offer comprehensive care for polymyositis, including diagnostic tests, personalized treatment plans, and ongoing management to reduce inflammation and improve muscle strength.

• #47 Polymyositis | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/kentucky-neuroscience-institute/conditions/neuromuscular-disorders/polymyositis

  Treatment for polymyositis will vary depending on your age and underlying health conditions, as well as the progress of the disease. […] A physician will monitor you and provide medications to help reduce inflammation. […] Physical therapy and exercise therapy are usually recommended to help patients build their strength. Aquatic therapy is also often suggested.

• #48 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are problems with your immune system. Polymyositis attacks your muscles. Dermatomyositis attacks your skin and muscles. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong and flexible. You also may get exercises from a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints. […] Talk to your doctor about an exercise program. Activity is important for your muscles, heart, and lungs. If your doctor says it is okay, you may be able to walk, swim, cycle, or take exercise classes. You also may be able to lift weights.

• #49 Medical Management – Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management

  Polymyositis (PM) is a highly treatable disease. […] Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with PM, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength and avoid development of contractures (muscle shortening/tightening). […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

• #50 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #51 Polymyositis | Healthengine Blog

  https://healthinfo.healthengine.com.au/polymyositis

  Many different health professionals may be involved in the care of a patient with PM. These include rheumatologists, neurologists, speech therapists and physiotherapists. […] Patients are encouraged to follow an exercise program to help maintain muscle strength and keep full range of movements. Treatment is normally with corticosteroid medications. Patients are monitored for improvement and side effects to the corticosteroids such as weight gain, skin changes and reduced bone density. For cases of PM which are difficult to treat, medications to suppress the immune system may be added.

• #52 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  Polymyositis is a disease of muscle featuring inflammation of the muscle fibers. Polymyositis is a chronic illness featuring progressive muscle weakness with periods of increased symptoms, called flares or relapses, and minimal or no symptoms, known as remissions. […] Polymyositis is typically treated by rheumatologists. Others who can be involved in the care of patients with polymyositis include internists, pathologists, dermatologists, radiologists, cardiologists, neurologists, surgeons, and physiatrists. […] Initially, polymyositis is treated with high doses of corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are cortisone medications (such as prednisone and prednisolone). They are given because they can have a powerful effect to decrease the inflammation in the muscles. […] Physical therapy with gradual muscle strengthening is an important part of the treatment of polymyositis. When to begin and the continued degree of exercise and range of motion of extremities is customized for each patient.

• #53 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #54 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest: Physical therapy. A physical therapist can show you exercises to maintain and improve your strength and flexibility and advise an appropriate level of activity. […] Speech therapy. If your swallowing muscles are weakened by polymyositis, speech therapy can help you learn how to compensate for those changes. […] Dietetic assessment. Later in the course of polymyositis, chewing and swallowing can become more difficult. A registered dietitian can teach you how to prepare easy-to-eat, nutritious foods. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a purified blood product that contains healthy antibodies from thousands of blood donors. These healthy antibodies can block the damaging antibodies that attack muscle in polymyositis. Given as an infusion through a vein, IVIg treatments may need to be repeated regularly for the effects to continue.

• #55 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest: Physical therapy. A physical therapist can show you exercises to maintain and improve your strength and flexibility and advise an appropriate level of activity. […] Speech therapy. If your swallowing muscles are weakened by polymyositis, speech therapy can help you learn how to compensate for those changes. […] Dietetic assessment. Later in the course of polymyositis, chewing and swallowing can become more difficult. A registered dietitian can teach you how to prepare easy-to-eat, nutritious foods. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a purified blood product that contains healthy antibodies from thousands of blood donors. These healthy antibodies can block the damaging antibodies that attack muscle in polymyositis. Given as an infusion through a vein, IVIg treatments may need to be repeated regularly for the effects to continue.

• #56 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Use canes, crutches, and any other assistive devices to help you get around. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: Your muscle pain or weakness suddenly gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have side effects from the medicines that help control the immune system.

• #57 Polymyositis

  https://austinregionalclinic.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/Pregnancy/Tools/134,45

  Braces or other special devices. These can help to support muscles and help with movement. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all medicines. […] If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. […] Polymyositis that is treated but can’t be managed well can cause severe disability. It can lead to an inability to swallow or breathe without help. […] Although polymyositis can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed.

• #58 Polymyositis

  https://austinregionalclinic.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/Pregnancy/Tools/134,45

  Polymyositis can make it hard to do everyday things. You may notice trouble walking up a flight of stairs, lifting up your arms, or getting out of your chair. […] Weight loss and poor nutrition may become a problem if muscle weakness leads to trouble eating and swallowing. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. There’s no known cure for polymyositis, but the symptoms can be managed. You may need more than one kind of treatment, and your treatment may need to be changed over time. […] Physical therapy. This treatment includes special exercises that help to stretch and strengthen the muscles. They can help keep muscles from shrinking. […] Heat therapy and rest. These can help ease muscle symptoms.

• #59 Polymyositis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/polymyositis-237807861/237807861

  Polymyositis is a type of inflammatory myopathy that causes muscle weakness and pain often on both sides of the body. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function while managing complications like trouble swallowing or breathing problems. […] Nursing management includes providing information about the disease process, assessing the limits of the body, resting when the patient gets tired, assisting in self-care activities, assessing the breathing and signs of pneumonia, providing information to the family, and offering counseling and psychological support.

• #60 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #61 Polymyositis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/polymyositis-237807861/237807861

  Polymyositis is a type of inflammatory myopathy that causes muscle weakness and pain often on both sides of the body. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function while managing complications like trouble swallowing or breathing problems. […] Nursing management includes providing information about the disease process, assessing the limits of the body, resting when the patient gets tired, assisting in self-care activities, assessing the breathing and signs of pneumonia, providing information to the family, and offering counseling and psychological support.

• #62 Polymyositis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/polymyositis-237807861/237807861

  Polymyositis is a type of inflammatory myopathy that causes muscle weakness and pain often on both sides of the body. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function while managing complications like trouble swallowing or breathing problems. […] Nursing management includes providing information about the disease process, assessing the limits of the body, resting when the patient gets tired, assisting in self-care activities, assessing the breathing and signs of pneumonia, providing information to the family, and offering counseling and psychological support.

• #63 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Living with a chronic autoimmune disease can make you wonder at times whether you’re up to the challenge. To help you cope, try supplementing your medical care with the following suggestions: Know your illness. Read all you can about polymyositis and other muscle and autoimmune disorders. Talk to other people who have a similar condition. Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor any questions that you may have concerning your illness, diagnosis or treatment plan. […] Be a part of your medical team. Consider yourself, your doctor and any other medical experts involved as a united front in the fight against your disease. Following the treatment plan you agreed to is vital. Keep your doctor updated on any new signs or symptoms you may experience. […] Know and assert your limits. Learn to say no effectively and ask for help when you need it.

• #64 Polymyositis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/polymyositis-237807861/237807861

  Polymyositis is a type of inflammatory myopathy that causes muscle weakness and pain often on both sides of the body. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function while managing complications like trouble swallowing or breathing problems. […] Nursing management includes providing information about the disease process, assessing the limits of the body, resting when the patient gets tired, assisting in self-care activities, assessing the breathing and signs of pneumonia, providing information to the family, and offering counseling and psychological support.

• #65 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  Day-to-day management of polymyositis can take many forms. Adapting to a new normal can be challenging and require many lifestyle changes. […] Eating a well-balanced diet high in protein may be beneficial for those with polymyositis, and is for your overall health. […] When living with polymyositis, having a good support system in place is extremely helpful. […] The prognosis of polymyositis depends on many varying factors including patient response to treatment, the age of onset, the severity of disease and its manifestations, the presence of pulmonary or cardiac involvement, and if there is an associated malignancy.

• #66 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Living with a chronic autoimmune disease can make you wonder at times whether you’re up to the challenge. To help you cope, try supplementing your medical care with the following suggestions: Know your illness. Read all you can about polymyositis and other muscle and autoimmune disorders. Talk to other people who have a similar condition. Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor any questions that you may have concerning your illness, diagnosis or treatment plan. […] Be a part of your medical team. Consider yourself, your doctor and any other medical experts involved as a united front in the fight against your disease. Following the treatment plan you agreed to is vital. Keep your doctor updated on any new signs or symptoms you may experience. […] Know and assert your limits. Learn to say no effectively and ask for help when you need it.

• #67 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Rest when you’re tired. Don’t wait until you’re exhausted. This will only set you back further as your body tries to recuperate. Learning to pace yourself can help you maintain a consistent level of energy, accomplish just as much and feel better emotionally. […] Acknowledge your emotions. Denial, anger and frustration are normal feelings when you must deal with an illness. Things don’t seem normal or fair and likely seem out of your control. Feelings of fear and isolation are common, so stay close to your family and friends. Try to maintain your daily routine as best you can and don’t neglect doing those things you enjoy. Many people find support groups to be a helpful resource.

• #68 What Is Polymyositis? Understanding This Inflammatory Muscle Disease

  https://drchandrilchugh.com/polymyositis/what-is-polymyositis/

  Polymyositis physical therapy is vital. It includes exercises to stretch and strengthen your muscles. This helps keep your muscles working and stops them from getting too weak. Your therapist will create a plan just for you. Its meant to get you back to your best in muscle strength and movement. […] Adjusting to life with polymyositis is challenging, but you can manage it well with the right approach. You might need to change how you live to deal with muscle weakness and tiredness. These changes can help keep your life quality high and your independence strong. […] Tackling living with polymyositis means adjusting your daily tasks to save on energy and limit stress to your muscles. Try spreading tasks out during the day and break them into small steps. Using tools like canes, walkers, or scooters can also be very helpful. They can make moving easier and less tiring. Also, dont forget about physical therapy. It can keep your muscles strong and flexible. This way, you can keep doing the things you love.

• #69 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  Day-to-day management of polymyositis can take many forms. Adapting to a new normal can be challenging and require many lifestyle changes. […] Eating a well-balanced diet high in protein may be beneficial for those with polymyositis, and is for your overall health. […] When living with polymyositis, having a good support system in place is extremely helpful. […] The prognosis of polymyositis depends on many varying factors including patient response to treatment, the age of onset, the severity of disease and its manifestations, the presence of pulmonary or cardiac involvement, and if there is an associated malignancy.

• #70 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Treatment of the inflammatory myopathies typically includes prednisone. Prednisone is a form of cortisone that in high doses is a very effective antiinflammatory agent. […] Since polymyositis and dermatomyositis cannot be cured but can be controlled by medications, it is important for patients with these diseases to be monitored long-term for signs of disease reactivation. […] In addition to medications, people with dermatomyositis or polymyositis should take precautions to prevent complications related to the disease and its treatments. […] Exercise — Physical therapy and rehabilitation should begin soon after the diagnosis of dermatomyositis or polymyositis to prevent contractures (shortening of the muscle that can limit joint movement). […] Aspiration prevention — Patients who have trouble swallowing must take care to avoid inhaling (aspirating) foods and drinks.

• #71 Managing Your Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/myositis

  Muscle exercises are an important part of treatment. Theyre for flexibility and help strengthen muscles. A physical therapist can create the right exercise program. […] DO get treatment as soon as possible. Early treatment gets better results. […] DO keep active. This will help keep your muscles from getting weaker. Do your physical therapy exercises. […] DO remember that treatments may be needed for years. You may need frequent blood tests to monitor your disease and side-effects of the medications. About half of people have a remission and stop therapy within 5 years of diagnosis. The others will have active disease that needs ongoing treatment or inactive disease with permanent muscle weakness. […] DONT push your body too hard. Learn to pace yourself. Rest when youre tired. […] DONT miss follow-up appointments. […] DONT stop taking medicines without talking to your health care provider. Prednisone, if used for a long time, must be tapered off rather than stopped suddenly.

• #72 What Is Polymyositis? Understanding This Inflammatory Muscle Disease

  https://drchandrilchugh.com/polymyositis/what-is-polymyositis/

  Polymyositis physical therapy is vital. It includes exercises to stretch and strengthen your muscles. This helps keep your muscles working and stops them from getting too weak. Your therapist will create a plan just for you. Its meant to get you back to your best in muscle strength and movement. […] Adjusting to life with polymyositis is challenging, but you can manage it well with the right approach. You might need to change how you live to deal with muscle weakness and tiredness. These changes can help keep your life quality high and your independence strong. […] Tackling living with polymyositis means adjusting your daily tasks to save on energy and limit stress to your muscles. Try spreading tasks out during the day and break them into small steps. Using tools like canes, walkers, or scooters can also be very helpful. They can make moving easier and less tiring. Also, dont forget about physical therapy. It can keep your muscles strong and flexible. This way, you can keep doing the things you love.

• #73 What Is Polymyositis? Understanding This Inflammatory Muscle Disease

  https://drchandrilchugh.com/polymyositis/what-is-polymyositis/

  Finding others who understand living with polymyositis can be a huge help. A polymyositis support group, whether in-person or online, can offer both practical and emotional support. Its a place where you can share your story, get advice, and learn how to cope with the conditions challenges. These groups are an essential lifeline as you face the difficulties and joys of living with polymyositis.

• #74 Polymyositis – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/polymyositis/

  Day-to-day management of polymyositis can take many forms. Adapting to a new normal can be challenging and require many lifestyle changes. […] Eating a well-balanced diet high in protein may be beneficial for those with polymyositis, and is for your overall health. […] When living with polymyositis, having a good support system in place is extremely helpful. […] The prognosis of polymyositis depends on many varying factors including patient response to treatment, the age of onset, the severity of disease and its manifestations, the presence of pulmonary or cardiac involvement, and if there is an associated malignancy.

• #75 Myositis: Muscle Inflammation | Inflammatory Myopathy | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_myositis.asp

  Regardless of the specific treatment employed in most cases of myositis, substantial improvement can and should be seen. This can be rapid, in some cases manifesting over a period of weeks to months. […] Choosing the right therapy is a complex decision and must be done by a patient in conjunction with their doctor after discussing the risks and benefits of each option.

• #76 Evaluation and Management of Polymyositis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3482800/

  Polymyositis (PM) is one of the inflammatory myopathies, disorders characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in striated muscle. The principal clinical manifestation of PM is proximal muscle weakness. The cause of PM is unknown, but current evidence suggests that it is an autoimmune disorder. PM can affect people of any age, but most commonly presents between the ages of 50 to 70. PM is rarely seen in people younger than 18 years of age, and is twice as common among females than males. PM is more common in blacks than in whites. The overall prevalence of PM is 1 per 100,000. Muscle weakness may develop suddenly or more insidiously over a period of weeks to months. The classic symptom of PM is proximal weakness, which may manifest as difficulty holding the arms over the head, climbing stairs, or rising from a chair. Weakness of the striated muscle of the upper esophagus may result in dysphagia, dysphonia, and aspiration. The chest wall muscles may be affected, leading to ventilatory compromises. Involvement of cardiac muscle may lead to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Dermatomyositis (DM) is closely related to PM, and both are distinguished primarily by the occurrence of characteristic skin abnormalities in the former. PM and DM may be associated with a variety of malignancies. PM may also occur as part of the spectrum of other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Moreover, inflammatory myopathy may be caused by some drugs (procainamide, D-penicillamine), and viruses, most notably the retroviruses. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of therapy for PM. The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness.

• #77

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  In patients who are corticosteroid resistant, especially where there is rapidly progressive or life-threatening progression, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be helpful. The recommended initial dose is 2 g/kg. Improvement in strength may be evident within days of the first infusion. Repeated infusions at 5-8 week intervals may be necessary to maintain response. […] The majority of patients respond to therapy, although some degree of long-term muscle damage is not uncommon.

• #78 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/polymyositis/article.htm

  Patients can ultimately do well, especially with early medical treatment of disease and disease flares. The disease frequently becomes inactive, and rehabilitation of atrophied muscle becomes a long-term project. Monitoring for signs of cancer, heart, and lung disease is essential. […] The best home remedy is to closely monitor the condition with the physician and physical therapist. It is best to not over-exercise early on but gradually increase exercise for optimal results.

• #79 Polymyositis

  https://livinghealthy.hawaiipacifichealth.org/Library/Wellness/TodaysMedicine/134,45

  Polymyositis can make it hard to do everyday things. You may notice trouble walking up a flight of stairs, lifting up your arms, or getting out of your chair. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, your age, and your general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. There’s no known cure for polymyositis, but the symptoms can be managed. […] Physical therapy. This treatment includes special exercises that help to stretch and strengthen the muscles. They can help keep muscles from shrinking. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all medicines. […] If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. […] Although polymyositis can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed.

• #80 Polymyositis

  https://healthlibrary.olmmed.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Pathology/134,45

  If polymyositis is not treated, it can lead to severe complications. As the muscles become weaker, you may fall often and be limited in your daily activities. If the muscles in the digestive tract and chest wall are affected, you may have problems breathing (respiratory failure), malnutrition, and weight loss. Polymyositis that is treated but can’t be managed well can cause severe disability. It can lead to an inability to swallow or breathe without help. […] Although polymyositis can’t be cured, its symptoms can be managed.

• #81

  https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2012/57050/evaluation_and_management_of_polymyositis.7.aspx

  The principal goals of therapy are to improve strength and improve physical functioning. Many patients require treatment for several years. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients is in the order of 95%. Up to one-third of PM patients may be left with some degree of residual muscle weakness. […] The goals of therapy are twofold: To improve muscle weakness and to avoid the development of extra-muscular diseases of the vital organs. The presence of vital organ extra-muscular disease is associated with worse outcomes. In general, the more severe the disease, the less responsive it is to treatment. The mainstays of therapy are corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Adjunctive, non-pharmacologic therapies are also important. These include exercise regimens appropriate to strength, measures to prevent aspiration, and general supportive care.

• #82 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis.html

  If the myositis is associated with tumors that can’t be removed surgically or that have spread from other parts of the body, it may not respond as well to corticosteroids. […] When corticosteroids cannot be used, drugs that suppress the body’s immune system may be used instead. […] These include methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, azathioprine and cyclosporine. […] If a tumor is associated with polymyositis, sometimes removing the tumor causes the polymyositis to go away. […] In children, it may be possible to discontinue prednisone after a year if the polymyositis appears to disappear. […] Polymyositis tends to be more severe and difficult to treat if the disease affects the patient’s heart or lungs. […] However, relatively long periods of time without symptoms (remission) or even apparent recovery do occur, especially in children. […] Severe muscle weakness that continues to get worse can become life threatening if it causes difficulty swallowing, malnutrition or respiratory difficulties or failure.

• #83 Polymyositis | Albuquerque Center for Rheumatology

  https://abqrheum.com/treatment/polymyositis/

  Polymyositis is an inflammatory disease that causes muscles to become irritated and inflamed, eventually causing breakdown or weakness. It can affect muscles all over the body, impairing the ability to run, walk, or lift objects, as well as the muscles used for eating and breathing. […] While there is no cure for polymyositis, treatment ranging from medications to physical therapy can improve muscle strength and function. The earlier treatment is started in the course of the disease, the more effective it is with fewer complications. Treatment type and variety will depend on the symptoms, age, and general health of the patient. […] Treatments include: Anti-inflammatory medicines: Steroid drugs or corticosteroids that ease inflammation in the body generally provide relief within 4-6 weeks. Immunosuppressive drugs: Medications that block or slow down the body’s immune system. Physical therapy: Special exercises help to stretch and strengthen the muscles. Heat therapy and rest: Used to help lessen muscle symptoms. Braces or other special devices: To help support muscles and aid movement. […] Our Rheumatology specialists are dedicated to providing quality care for those patients who suffer from autoimmune disease, including: Polymyositis.

• #84 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Polymyositis, a relatively uncommon autoimmune disorder, develops due to abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) and macrophages against muscular antigens that result in rhabdomyolysis and ultimately presents as a proximal myopathy. This activity outlines the evaluation and treatment of polymyositis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Summarize the interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to enhance the care of patients with polymyositis. […] Being an autoimmune disorder, polymyositis, a rheumatological disease, requires long-term treatment with steroids or immunomodulators along with the treatment of the underlying etiological factors. […] Polymyositis is treated with a combination of different pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities. Pharmacological treatment mainly includes corticosteroids. Prednisone and methylprednisolone are the most common corticosteroids used for polymyositis, with a starting dose of 1 mg/kg of prednisone a day.

• #85 Managing Your Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/myositis

  Muscle exercises are an important part of treatment. Theyre for flexibility and help strengthen muscles. A physical therapist can create the right exercise program. […] DO get treatment as soon as possible. Early treatment gets better results. […] DO keep active. This will help keep your muscles from getting weaker. Do your physical therapy exercises. […] DO remember that treatments may be needed for years. You may need frequent blood tests to monitor your disease and side-effects of the medications. About half of people have a remission and stop therapy within 5 years of diagnosis. The others will have active disease that needs ongoing treatment or inactive disease with permanent muscle weakness. […] DONT push your body too hard. Learn to pace yourself. Rest when youre tired. […] DONT miss follow-up appointments. […] DONT stop taking medicines without talking to your health care provider. Prednisone, if used for a long time, must be tapered off rather than stopped suddenly.

• #86 Medical Management – Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management

  Polymyositis (PM) is a highly treatable disease. […] Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with PM, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength and avoid development of contractures (muscle shortening/tightening). […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

• #87 Medical Management – Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management

  Polymyositis (PM) is a highly treatable disease. […] Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with PM, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength and avoid development of contractures (muscle shortening/tightening). […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

• #88 Medical Management – Polymyositis (PM) – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/polymyositis/medical-management

  Polymyositis (PM) is a highly treatable disease. […] Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with PM, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve muscle strength and avoid development of contractures (muscle shortening/tightening). […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

• #89 Polymyositis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925-overview

  Patients with polymyositis should be educated early about the disease, its complications, and treatment options and should be provided with realistic expectations about outcomes. Most patients show significant improvement with treatment. Stress the need for close follow-up care, continued physical therapy, and long-term therapy with monitoring of several parameters including medication toxicity and screening for malignancy. […] Treatment of polymyositis is empirical because of the rarity of the disease and the paucity of randomized controlled trials. Prednisone is the first-line treatment of choice. Immunosuppressive agents are indicated in patients who do not improve within a reasonable period (ie, 4 wk) or in whom adverse effects from corticosteroids develop. Limited data support the use of other agents.

• #90 Polymyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/polymyositis

  Living with a chronic autoimmune disease can make you wonder at times whether you’re up to the challenge. To help you cope, try supplementing your medical care with the following suggestions: Know your illness. Read all you can about polymyositis and other muscle and autoimmune disorders. Talk to other people who have a similar condition. Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor any questions that you may have concerning your illness, diagnosis or treatment plan. […] Be a part of your medical team. Consider yourself, your doctor and any other medical experts involved as a united front in the fight against your disease. Following the treatment plan you agreed to is vital. Keep your doctor updated on any new signs or symptoms you may experience. […] Know and assert your limits. Learn to say no effectively and ask for help when you need it.

• #91 Polymyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563129/

  Patients with different systems involved must be evaluated by the concerned specialty eg, a cardiologist for cardiomyopathy, a pulmonologist for ILD, a speech therapist for voice change, etc. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy of the affected muscles to prevent disuse atrophy. These patients must be advised to have supervised resistive strength training activities. […] A strong clinician-patient relationship is mandatory to improve healthcare outcomes, along with good communication among an interprofessional team, which includes a rheumatologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, primary clinician, physiotherapist, dietician, and nurses. Without proper management, the morbidity and mortality from polymyositis are high. However, successful diagnosis and treatment at the initial stage can help patients live longer.

• #92 Myositis: Muscle Inflammation | Inflammatory Myopathy | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_myositis.asp

  Regardless of the specific treatment employed in most cases of myositis, substantial improvement can and should be seen. This can be rapid, in some cases manifesting over a period of weeks to months. […] Choosing the right therapy is a complex decision and must be done by a patient in conjunction with their doctor after discussing the risks and benefits of each option.

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