Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hyperopia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560716/

  Epidemiology of hyperopia indicates that axial hyperopia, being the commonest, is usually present from birth. The prevalence of moderate hyperopia, i.e., +2 diopter at 6 and 12 years of age, is 13.2% and 5.0%, respectively, and it is more in White race individuals than in other ethnic groups. The prevalence of hyperopia +4 diopter was 3.2% in the worse eye, with both eyes involved in 64.4% of cases in a study. For United States participants, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic White races have a significantly higher risk of hyperopia in 6 to 72 months of age group. […] In 15 years or less age group, and 30 years age group, hyperopia prevalence was higher in females. A systematic review of refractive error revealed that the prevalence of hyperopia is 4% (less than myopia) in the population with more prevalence in school going boys than girls. In the United States, for the 20 years age group, hyperopia is the least common refractive error while it was the most common refractive error with astigmatism in the 60 years age group. In Polish immigrants in Chicago, a study found that hyperopia is a more common refractive error overall and in the 45 years age group.

• #1 Hyperopia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Hyperopia

  Hyperopia is also known as farsightedness or hypermetropia. […] Overall prevalence of hyperopia is around 10%, approximately 14 million people, in the United States. […] Prevalence is 13% at age 6 and 5% at age 12 in Australia. […] The Mutli-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group reports hyperopia prevalence of children in each ethnic group of the sample population as being 26.9% of Hispanics, 25% of non-Hispanic White Americans, 20.8% of African Americans, and 13% of Asian Americans. […] Hyperopia is most common in the Hispanic population, next most common in Native Americans, African Americans, and Pacific Islanders, and least most common in Asians and Caucasians, according to a multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. […] There is no known gender difference in the prevalence of hyperopia.

• #1 Farsightedness: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/farsightedness

  Farsightedness means you can clearly see things that are far away, but things that are close-up are blurry. The technical term for farsightedness is hyperopia. According to the National Eye Institute, it affects 5 to 10 percent of Americans. […] An eye doctor can diagnose farsightedness during a basic eye examination. […] School vision tests often miss farsightedness in children. Typically schools only test far vision by having a child stand across the room from a chart to read the letters or symbols on it. […] The simplest way to correct farsightedness is to get prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses. […] Refractive surgery can also treat farsightedness. […] Farsightedness isnt something you can prevent, but you can do things to take care of your eyes.

• #1 Farsightedness: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/farsightedness/

  Farsightedness is a relatively common vision abnormality, although it is much less common than nearsightedness (myopia) or presbyopia. […] The prevalence of hyperopia decreases with age: most infants are farsighted at birth, but less than 4 percent of children have the condition at age 1. […] For unknown reasons, farsightedness is reported more frequently among Native Americans, African Americans, and Pacific Islanders than in people of other backgrounds.

• #1 Hyperopia – Signs, Causes, Diagnosis & Tips To Prevent

  https://www.scottsdaleeyeology.com/4-things-you-need-to-know-about-hyperopia/

  Hyperopia, often known as farsightedness, is a vision impairment in which close items appear blurry but far objects appear clear. According to the National Institutes of Health, most infants are born farsighted, but by the age of one, less than 4% of children exhibit hyperopia, which fades as maturity proceeds. […] Most people with hyperopia are born with it, though it may not be noticeable or cause visual problems until later in life. […] Hyperopia can be easily detected by an optometrist during a comprehensive eye exam. […] Even if you don’t have any signs of farsightedness, getting an eye checkup around the age of 40 is a brilliant idea. […] The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that children have their eyes checked when they are born and again between the ages of 6 and 12. […] According to the Mayo Clinic, there is no method to prevent farsightedness.

• #1 What Is Farsightedness? – Optometrists.org

  https://www.optometrists.org/childrens-vision/guide-to-pediatric-eye-conditions/what-is-long-sightedness/

  It is estimated that 13% of school age children are far-sighted. […] Unfortunately though, most vision screenings may not detect hyperopia, so a comprehensive eye exam is actually essential. […] A comprehensive eye exam will facilitate detection of hyperopia, and a precise calculation of your child’s optical prescription. […] Hyperopia is a common vision condition that can affect a child’s near vision acuity, and cause both academic and behavioral challenges.

• #1 What is farsightedness (hyperopia)? – Price Vision Group

  https://pricevisiongroup.com/conditions/farsightedness/

  People with farsightedness (hyperopia) see well at a distance, but have trouble focusing on objects up close. […] About 25% of the population is farsighted, and the condition is fairly common in children, whose vision may improve as they grow and the eyeball lengthens. […] Farsightedness is one of the top reasons patients wear corrective lenses or undergo refractive procedures such as LASIK. […] Farsightedness is the result of an eyeball that is too short, causing the light to project past the retina, making near vision blurry. […] Contact lenses or glasses are often prescribed to correct hyperopia. […] But corrective lenses aren’t the best long-term solution for everyone, and many people choose refractive procedures such as LASIK for permanent, reliable vision correction. […] LASIK, PRK, and other refractive surgeries often produce results that are better than 20/20, and liberate patients from the discomfort, expense, and hassle of corrective lenses.

• #1 Hyperopia / Hypermetropia (Farsightedness): What is it?

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/hyperopia/overview/

  Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is a common vision problem, affecting about a fourth of the population. […] Many children are born farsighted, and some of them „outgrow” it as the eyeball lengthens with normal growth. […] Farsightedness can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses to change the way light rays bend into the eyes. […] Refractive surgery, such as LASIK or CK, is another option for correcting hyperopia.

• #1 Hyperopia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560716/

  In the 6 to 15 years age group in Cameroon, hyperopia is the most common refractive error. Hyperopia is unrelated to posterior subcapsular cataracts but is related to incident nuclear and cortical cataract. The intelligence quotient score in hyperopic patients was lower than that of myopic in a study conducted in the United Kingdom. A higher prevalence of hyperopia is seen in people living in rural areas compared to urban areas. Hyperopia is more prevalent in families with a history of accommodative esotropia and hyperopia, and 20% of the hyperopic individuals in infancy develop strabismus.

• #1 What Is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/hyperopia/guide/

  Most infants are born farsighted, but by age 1, less than 4 percent of children have hyperopia, which continues fading as adulthood progresses. […] Most people with hyperopia are born with it, though it may not become apparent or cause vision problems until they’re older. […] In the United States, almost 14.2 million people age 40 or older are farsighted, representing 8.4 percent of that population. […] According to data from the National Eye Institute, Black Americans are about 50 percent less likely than white Americans to develop farsightedness at any age. By age 70, only about 8 percent of Black Americans will be farsighted. […] Hispanic Americans also have a lower risk of farsightedness, compared with white Americans.

• #1 Incidence and Prevalence of Selected Refractive Errors, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001–2018 | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2019/09/01/Incidence-and-Prevalence-of-Selected-Refractive-Errors?type=Fact+Sheets

  During 2001-2018, there were approximately 1.38 million incident diagnoses of myopia, 1.21 million incident diagnoses of astigmatism, and 492,000 incident diagnoses of hyperopia among active component service members (crude overall incidence rates of 7.8, 6.6, and 2.2 diagnoses per 100 person-years, respectively). […] Incidence rates of all 3 conditions were higher among women compared to men. Service members in the Marine Corps, enlisted personnel, and those working in other/unknown military occupations had higher overall rates of incident myopia diagnoses compared to their respective counterparts. […] Overall rates of hyperopia diagnoses were similar across all race/ethnicity groups and service branches and among both enlisted personnel and officers. However, across occupational groups, overall rates of hyperopia and astigmatism diagnoses were highest among service members working in health care occupations.

• #1 Hyperopia – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Hyperopia

  Family history increases risk of hyperopia. […] Hyperopia is associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, prematurity, and low birth weight. […] Hyperopia is associated with lower literacy standards in children. […] In the United Kingdom it was reported that intelligence quotient scores are lower in hyperopic patients than in myopic patients. […] Living in a rural area rather than an urban area is associated with higher prevalence of hyperopia. […] Hyperopia may also be associated with diabetes mellitus.

• #1 2 Understanding the Epidemiology of Vision Loss and Impairment in the United States | Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23471/chapter/4

  The overall burden of eye disease varies from state to state, and the pattern of highest and lowest prevalence varies by condition. […] The distribution of uncorrectable visual impairment and blindness varies significantly by region and state. […] The overall burden of vision impairment in the United States is a significant public health concern that requires ongoing surveillance and research to better understand its epidemiology and impact on populations.

• #1 Hyperopia Epidemiology in the Seven Major Markets

  https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/04/28/2218328/0/en/Hyperopia-Epidemiology-in-the-Seven-Major-Markets-2021-2030-United-States-EU5-Germany-France-Italy-Spain-and-the-United-Kingdom-and-Japan.html

  In 2020, the overall prevalent cases of Hyperopia accessed to be around 87,668,351 in the 7MM, which are expected to grow during the forecast period, i.e., 2021-2030. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Hyperopia epidemiology segmented as Total Prevalent cases of Hyperopia, Total Diagnosed Prevalent cases of Hyperopia, Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperopia, Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperopia, Severity-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperopia and Treated cases of Hyperopia in the 7MM, covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom), and Japan from 2021 to 2030. […] The report provides insight about the historical and forecasted patient pool of Hyperopia in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan.

• #1 Hyperopia Market Expected to Climb Moderately at a 1.0% CAGR During the Study Period [2018-2030], Analyses DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperopia-market-expected-to-climb-moderately-at-a-1-0-cagr-during-the-study-period-20182030-analyses-delveinsight-301345865.html

  Hyperopia Market may observe growth due to the increase in the geriatric population and a rise in awareness. […] The Hyperopia market report also proffers an analysis of the current Hyperopia treatment algorithm/practice, market drivers, market barriers, and unmet medical needs. […] The Hyperopia market might expand due to rising Hyperopia prevalence, and the patients suffering from this disease currently do not have any pharmacological options, which opens up an additional window of opportunities for new drugs. […] DelveInsight estimates that the total Hyperopia prevalent cases were 87,668,351 cases in the 7MM in 2020. The United States accounted for nearly 18% of the total 7MM cases in the same year. […] The Hyperopia Market Analysis Report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiological analysis segmented into: Total Hyperopia Prevalent Cases, Total Diagnosed Cases of Hyperopia, Gender-specific Diagnosed Cases of Hyperopia, Age-Specific Diagnosed Cases of Hyperopia, Severity-Specific Diagnosed Cases of Hyperopia, Treated cases of Hyperopia.

• #1 Farsightedness (hyperopia) | informedhealth.org

  https://www.informedhealth.org/farsightedness-hyperopia.html

  Almost all children are born with slight farsightedness, but it usually doesn’t cause any problems and often goes away in the first years of life. It is estimated that about 25% of adults in Germany are farsighted. […] Farsightedness gets more and more noticeable as you grow older. That’s because the eye gets worse at compensating for it, but the actual severity of the farsightedness, the diopter number, usually changes only a little or not at all. […] People who work with screens must be offered regular eye examinations with a company doctor by their employer.

• #1 Hyperopia – Vyluma | Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Solutions

  https://vyluma.com/areas_of_focus/hyperopia/

  Hyperopia, also called “farsightedness,” is a refractive error that leaves people with an inability to see clearly close-up. The National Eye Institute, a division of the National Institutes of Health, predicts about 23 million people will have hyperopia by 2050, up from just under 20 million in 2030. The disorder affects more women than men and has increasing prevalence rates associated with increasing age. […] In addition to difficulty seeing up close, people with hyperopia often complain about eye strain and headaches (especially when reading).

• #1 2 Understanding the Epidemiology of Vision Loss and Impairment in the United States | Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23471/chapter/4

  The vast majority of individuals in the United States who reach average life expectancy will experience some type and degree of vision loss and impairment during their lifetimes, given current knowledge about effective prevention strategies, barriers to accessing appropriate health care, and the aging process itself. […] There is no peer-reviewed literature on the total population affected by all causes of vision impairment in the United States. […] One model, based on a review of 12 major epidemiological studies and the 2010 U.S. Census population, estimates that approximately 90 million of the 142 million adults over the age of 40 in the United States experienced vision problems attributable to vision impairment, blindness, refractive error (i.e., myopia and hyperopia), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma.

• #1 2 Understanding the Epidemiology of Vision Loss and Impairment in the United States | Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23471/chapter/4

  As the baby boomer generation ages, older adults will account for an ever larger proportion of the total population, and age-related eye diseases and conditions are projected to increase accordingly. […] This chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology of eye and vision health in the United States. […] Determining the overall burden of vision impairment in the United States is challenging. […] National prevalence rates of vision impairment by etiology are typically calculated from the results of surveys, often self-reported by respondents, or are an aggregation of smaller studies, usually cross-sectional and not prospective. […] Reporting of epidemiological data is further complicated because outcomes are not measured or reported consistently. […] This section presents estimates of overall prevalence for uncorrectable vision impairment only, along with the epidemiology for refractive error, amblyopia and strabismus, visual system injury, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, AMD, cataract, vision-threatening infection, and rare eye diseases and conditions.

• #1 2 Understanding the Epidemiology of Vision Loss and Impairment in the United States | Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/23471/chapter/4

  Two recent estimates suggest that approximately 4.2 million adults ages 40 years and older in the United States suffer from uncorrectable vision impairment, including blindness. […] Most of the data available about overall vision impairment in adults focus on individuals ages 40 and older. […] According to the Varma study, in 2015, the overall estimated prevalence of uncorrectable visual impairment in the U.S. population among individuals ages 40 and older was 2.14 percent, and the overall estimated prevalence of blindness was 0.68 percent. […] The combined total number of persons ages 40 and older who have uncorrectable vision impairment or are blind is projected to more than double from 4.24 million in 2015 to 8.96 million in 2050. […] The age-adjusted prevalence of uncorrectable vision impairment and blindness is lower among Hispanics and Asians than among other minorities and non-Hispanic whites.

• #1

  https://www.oahulasik.com/content/eyeconditions/hyperopia.aspx?popup=true

  Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is generally present from birth. […] Hyperopia in children can be hard to detect. […] Diagnosis of hyperopia can be made with a complete routine eye exam. […] In extreme cases of farsightedness, glasses may be needed to prevent accommodative esotropia, a crossing of the eyes. […] There is no path of prevention for hyperopia.

• #1 Hyperopia (Farsightedness) – Preserve Vision FloridaEvent SeriesEvent SeriesEvent SeriesEvent Series

  https://pvfla.org/hyperopia-farsightedness/

  Hyperopia can affect both children and adults. It affects about 5 to 10 percent of Americans. […] An eye care professional can diagnose hyperopia and other refractive errors during a comprehensive dilated eye examination. People with this condition often visit their eye care professional with complaints of visual discomfort or blurred vision.

• #1 Incidence and Prevalence of Selected Refractive Errors, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001–2018 | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2019/09/01/Incidence-and-Prevalence-of-Selected-Refractive-Errors?type=Fact+Sheets

  Myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia remain a consistent concern for the operational force. The data presented here allow for ongoing monitoring of refractive error to direct interventions such as refractive surgery. […] In military populations, adequate characterization of the magnitude and trends of refractive errors may inform readiness and performance enhancement efforts such as refractive surgery programs.

• #1 Is Nearsightedness or Farsightedness More Common?

  https://arenaeyeworks.com/is-nearsightedness-or-farsightedness-more-common/

  Nearsightedness and farsightedness are refractive errors that can affect your ability to see clearly close-up and far away. […] While they are both common, nearsightedness is more common than farsightedness. […] Farsightedness often becomes more noticeable as you age. With age, the eyes lens becomes less flexible, making it challenging to focus on close-up tasks. […] Due to the prevalence of nearsightedness and farsightedness, its crucial not to dismiss eye health issues as minor problems. […] Regular comprehensive eye exams are vital for maintaining good eye health and preventing potential vision issues. […] Regular eye exams can help detect early signs of nearsightedness and farsightedness and provide recommendations on treatment to help maintain long-term eye health.

• #1 Hyperopia and Myopia

  https://www.totaleyecarellc.com/eye-health/vision-conditions/hyperopia-and-myopia

  Hyperopia is more commonly known as farsightedness. As the name suggests, people with farsightedness are able to focus on objects that are further away, but have difficulty focusing on objects which are very close. This is because the eyeball is shorter than normal, which prevents the crystalline lens in the eye from focusing correctly on the retina. About a fourth of the population is farsighted. Hyperopia can lead to chronic glaucoma, a more serious condition, later in life. […] A family history of hyperopia is a risk factor for developing hyperopia. Babies are often born with hyperopia but they can usually outgrow the condition as their eyes develop into the correct shape. […] Hyperopia can be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses. There are also new surgical procedures that can correct hyperopia.

• #1

  https://visionconcern.com/blog/hyperopia

  Hyperopia( farsightedness) can lead to vision problems like increased eye strain, leading to fatigue and difficulty concentrating. […] Farsightedness can progress, leading to double vision and additional complications like accommodative esotropia, acute angle closure glaucoma, and strabismus if left untreated. […] Hyperopia can be managed effectively if timely treatment is available.

• #1 Hyperopia: Everything You Need to Know about FarsightednessLink to: Myopia: What it is, and How to Correct itLink to: Laser Eye Surgery Cost Comparison (in 2022)Scroll to top

  https://www.bdplasik.com/blog/hyperopia-everything-you-need-to-know-about-farsightedness/

  Commonly known as farsightedness, hyperopia denotes a type of refractive error that affects millions of people around the world. […] Farsightedness occurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea’s (the eye’s clear front surface) curve is compromised. […] Farsightedness may also be inherited. […] Your optometrist or ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye examination to diagnose farsightedness. […] The primary objective of hyperopia treatment is to help direct light on the retina. […] Farsightedness is treated by wearing prescription lenses. […] Although most refractive surgical procedures are used by optometrists in Metro Phoenix, Arizona, to treat nearsightedness, they can also be used to treat farsightedness. […] If you’re worried about developing farsightedness, you don’t need to fret – it’s not something you can prevent.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Nearsightedness-and-Farsightedness.aspx

  Farsightedness also known as hypermetropia is a problem that affects the ability of the eye to focus. If farsightedness is related to age, it is called as presbyopia. In both the cases, people can see distant objects more clearly than the closer object, which looks blurred. […] The main causes of hypermetropia are shortness of the eyeball, weak focusing power, as well as irregular shape of the cornea or lens. Hereditary is one of the causes of hypermetropia/farsightedness, it may come from parents to child. Presbyopia/farsightedness can occur in the natural aging process. […] The eye care professional conducts the dilated eye examination, and the first step is to give prescription for eye glasses or contact lenses. This is the simpler and more commonly followed method in correcting refractive errors. Contact lenses are safe and cause a more accurate refraction of the light rays for people with the farsightedness problem. […] Refractive surgery may also be used, and there are many types of surgical options available to correct farsightedness that is corneal, sclera, and lenticular based. These types of surgeries aim to increase the focusing power.

• #1 Farsightedness – Correction & Treatment at Test Winner EuroEyes

  https://euroeyes.com/farsighted/

  We use two different laser eye methods to treat farsightedness or hyperopia. We also use this if the farsightedness occurs in combination with astigmatism. […] In addition to the laser eye procedures, we also offer lens surgeries, which are particularly attractive if the farsightedness is age-related or we determine on the basis of the preliminary examination that the laser eye methods are anatomically not an optimal procedure to restore your vision. […] If hyperopia is suspected, the EuroEyes ophthalmologist will perform the following examinations: Objective refraction determination: Using a special device (refractometer), the doctor determines to what extent the refractive power of the eye deviates from the normal state. Subjective refraction determination: This examination is carried out with the help of measuring glasses and provides information about the actual visual acuity. The patient looks through lenses of different strengths and evaluates with which strength he can see best. During the detailed preliminary examination, it is determined how severe the ametropia is and which procedure the patient is suitable for.

• #1 Hyperopia: Everything You Need to Know about FarsightednessLink to: Myopia: What it is, and How to Correct itLink to: Laser Eye Surgery Cost Comparison (in 2022)Scroll to top

  https://www.bdplasik.com/blog/hyperopia-everything-you-need-to-know-about-farsightedness/

  The question in most people’s minds is whether farsightedness goes away or gets worse. […] If you have farsightedness, it’s important to have regular eye exams so your doctor can monitor your condition and ensure your treatment is working. […] In fact, according to the National Eye Institute, about 30 percent of Americans are proactive.

• #1 Farsighted (Hyperopia) – Montecito Optometry

  https://www.montecito-optometry.com/eye-care-services/your-eye-health/eye-conditions-info/farsighted-hyperopia/

  Farsightedness, also known as hyperopia or shortsightedness, is a common type of visual disability. […] Farsightedness is a condition where you are not able to see far away. […] Farsightedness is a lifelong condition. […] Farsightedness is a common visual disability that affects many people. Once farsightedness occurs, there is no known cure for it.

• #1 Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Myopia and Hyperopia Provides Evidence for Replication of 11 Loci | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107110

  The causes of RE are complex and are a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Twin studies have reported a heritability greater than 0.50 for RE. Several studies have calculated the heritability to be as high as 0.98 for myopia and 0.75 for hyperopia. The search for environmental factors influencing RE have mostly focused on myopia. These include near work and time spent outdoors during childhood and teenage years. […] Genome-wide association studies have become an essential tool in the study of traits such as RE, and to date there have been 67 published loci for refraction phenotypes. In particular, Kiefer et al. performed a genome-wide association study of myopia using self-reported age at onset in 45,771 participants and found 22 significant genome-wide associations. Verhoeven et al. performed a genome wide association of the quantitative trait mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and found 24 significant genome-wide associations (2 of which were replications of previously published loci). Thirteen loci were genome-wide significant in both the Kiefer et al. and Verhoeven et al. studies.

• #1 Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Myopia and Hyperopia Provides Evidence for Replication of 11 Loci | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107110

  Meta-analysis results showed two genome-wide significant associations with hyperopia. These regions overlapped with loci on 15q14 and 8q12 previously reported for MSE in Verhoeven et al. and for myopia age at onset in Kiefer et al. No attempt was made to replicate the 15q14 locus since it has been well replicated for MSE. None of the SNPs selected to attempt replication of the discovery meta-analysis genome-wide significant association with hyperopia on chromosome 8q12 achieved the replication threshold. In addition, for the discovery meta-analysis suggestive regions, one SNP achieved the replication threshold for hyperopia. However, it should be remembered that this region did not exhibit genome-wide significant association in the discovery meta-analysis. […] In summary, we have provided evidence in favor of replication of 11 loci involved in causation of myopia. Twelve loci that have been shown to be associated with myopia age at onset showed replication-level association with hyperopia here (7 of these loci also showed replication-level association with the myopia trait; 5 loci only showed this level of association with hyperopia). Further research is required to determine whether any of the candidate genes identified near these associated SNPs are truly causing the development of refractive errors, or whether the actual causal variant is located in another nearby gene or other functional locus in high LD with the SNPs associated with the trait.

• #1 Hyperopia Market Expected to Climb Moderately at a 1.0% CAGR During the Study Period [2018-2030], Analyses DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hyperopia-market-expected-to-climb-moderately-at-a-1-0-cagr-during-the-study-period-20182030-analyses-delveinsight-301345865.html

  It is assessed that the Hyperopia pipeline is not robust. This is due to the lack of interest of pharmaceutical companies, lack of awareness about Hyperopia concerning other refractive errors, or lack of pathophysiology research. […] The competitive pharmaceutical landscape of Hyperopia is not robust. Hardly any corporation has turned its attention towards Hyperopia to develop novel pharmaceutical options. […] The current unmet need for safe and efficient long-term treatment provides an excellent potential for advancing new therapies.

• #2 Hyperopia (Farsightedness) – Preserve Vision FloridaEvent SeriesEvent SeriesEvent SeriesEvent Series

  https://pvfla.org/hyperopia-farsightedness/

  Hyperopia can affect both children and adults. It affects about 5 to 10 percent of Americans. […] An eye care professional can diagnose hyperopia and other refractive errors during a comprehensive dilated eye examination. People with this condition often visit their eye care professional with complaints of visual discomfort or blurred vision.

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