Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17116-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease that causes your heart muscle to enlarge (hypertrophy). Most people who have it can have a normal life, but it can be serious for some people. If this is the case for you, there are several treatment options. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex type of heart disease that affects your heart muscle. It can cause: […] Thickening of your heart muscle (especially the ventricles or lower heart chambers). […] Stiffness in the left ventricle […] The stiffness in your left ventricle causes pressure to increase inside your heart and may lead to symptoms such as: […] Chest pain. […] Difficulty breathing (shortness of breath). […] Dizziness or fainting. […] Feeling that your heart’s beating too fast (palpitations). […] People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may have a variety of symptoms or none at all. Common symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include:

• #2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most often caused by abnormal genes in the heart muscle. These genes cause the walls of the heart chamber (left ventricle) to become thicker than normal. […] The thickened walls may become stiff and this can reduce the amount of blood taken in and pumped out to the body with each heartbeat. […] Some people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy don’t have symptoms while others may only feel symptoms with exercise or exertion. Some people may not have signs or symptoms in the early stages of the disease but may develop them over time. Knowing the signs and symptoms of HCM is important. It can help with getting an early diagnosis when treatment may be most effective. Signs and symptoms of HCM include: Chest pain, especially with physical exertion, Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, Fatigue, Arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting (syncope), Swelling in the lower part of your body (ankles, feet, legs) or in neck veins.

• #3 Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: What Every Cardiologist Needs to Know

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2020/02/25/06/34/Diagnosis-of-Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited monogenic cardiac disorder, affecting 0.2-0.5% of the population. In the United States, 750,000 people are estimated to have HCM; however, only approximately 100,000 people have been diagnosed, signifying a large gap in the recognition and understanding of this disease. […] Often, patients with HCM remain asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and present to medical attention after identification of a suggestive family history, detection of a murmur on physical examination, or an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). The most commonly reported symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, chest discomfort, palpitations, presyncope, and syncope. Important historical clues include progressive exertional intolerance and lightheadedness or syncope during or immediately following exertion or when dehydrated. […] Patients with HCM have a wide range of presentation, from asymptomatic with a suggestive family history, murmur, abnormal ECG, or echocardiogram to heart failure symptoms from outflow tract obstruction or restrictive physiology to sudden cardiac death.

• #4 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common form of genetic heart disease worldwide. Researchers have estimated that up to 1 in 200 people have the condition, which is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the walls of the heart. This thickening can make it difficult for the heart to pump blood. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be a deadly disease, and there was a time when it was largely untreatable. […] The reality, he adds, is that very few people die of the disease, and fully half of patients belong in a group we consider benign and stable. […] Symptoms can range from severe to very mildso mild that a person may live with them for years without thinking much of them. […] Fortunately, this obstruction-related heart failure is often reversible with the help of either medication or some type of procedure, such as surgery to remove part of the thickened heart muscle.

• #5 Patient education: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-beyond-the-basics

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease that causes the heart muscle to become thickened, or hypertrophied. The prevalence of HCM in the general population is 1 in 500 adults, although the majority of these cases remain undiagnosed. The vast majority of people diagnosed with HCM have a normal lifespan. In addition, most people with HCM do not have any symptoms and are not at risk of developing complications related to HCM. Among people who do develop symptoms, the most common complaints include chest pain, shortness of breath with exertion, fatigue, palpitations, and lightheadedness. […] The majority of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have no or few symptoms. In some cases, symptoms are only seen with exercise or exertion. Symptoms may occur during puberty, when hypertrophy develops, but they most commonly start in mid-life. In a smaller percentage of cases, symptoms may not occur until late in life. If symptoms develop, they can vary in severity from one day to another. People with the obstructive form of HCM are much more likely to develop symptoms.

• #6 Symptoms and Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) – Bottom Line, Inc.

  https://www.bottomlineinc.com/health/heart/symptoms-and-causes-of-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm/

  If you have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the muscles in the left side of your heart become abnormally thick which makes both filling and emptying of the heart difficult. […] Symptoms can range from very mild to very serious, including sudden cardiac death. Some people without symptoms are diagnosed with this condition when a heart imaging study or electrocardiogram (ECG) is done for other reasons. […] About 50 percent of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have no symptoms or have mild symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include: Shortness of breath, Palpitations, Chest pain, Dizziness, Fatigue, Passing (syncope), Sudden cardiac death (rarely). […] These symptoms may be triggered or worsened by exercise or activities that make the heart work harder. […] Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be dangerous for some people, for most, the prognosis is good, and patients can have a good quality of life. Let your doctor know if you have any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms or an unexplained sudden cardiac death in your family. Get help right away for shortness of breath, rapid irregular heartbeat, exertional dizziness, or chest pain. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare but important disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can relieve the symptoms and may prevent sudden cardiac death.

• #7 Early signs and symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/early-detection-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease of the heart. Not everyone with the disease will experience symptoms, but early detection is important. […] Some people with HCM may experience no symptoms or only experience symptoms when the disease has progressed. […] Not everyone with HCM will experience symptoms. Some people may only experience them when they exert themselves or exercise. Other people may not have symptoms in the early stages of HCM but may develop some as the disease progresses. […] These symptoms may worsen over time and affect a persons quality of life and ability to function. […] As the disease progresses, it may cause other health issues. […] In North America, HCM is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death among competitive athletes and young people, though this is considered rare.

• #8 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17116-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Chest pain. This usually happens with exercise or physical activity, but also may occur with rest or after meals. […] Difficulty breathing (shortness of breath) and fatigue, especially with exertion. These symptoms are more common in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Increased pressure in the left atrium and lungs is the cause. […] Fainting or passing out (syncope). Irregular heart rhythms or abnormal responses of your blood vessels during exercise may cause fainting, or no cause may be found. […] Feeling like your heart’s beating too fast or a fluttering in the chest (palpitations). […] Abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (both of which give you a fast heartbeat) may cause palpitations. […] Most people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a low risk for sudden cardiac death. However, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in people under age 35.

• #9 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most often caused by abnormal genes in the heart muscle. These genes cause the walls of the heart chamber (left ventricle) to become thicker than normal. […] The thickened walls may become stiff and this can reduce the amount of blood taken in and pumped out to the body with each heartbeat. […] Some people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy don’t have symptoms while others may only feel symptoms with exercise or exertion. Some people may not have signs or symptoms in the early stages of the disease but may develop them over time. Knowing the signs and symptoms of HCM is important. It can help with getting an early diagnosis when treatment may be most effective. Signs and symptoms of HCM include: Chest pain, especially with physical exertion, Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, Fatigue, Arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting (syncope), Swelling in the lower part of your body (ankles, feet, legs) or in neck veins.

• #10 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes | Full Text

  https://jpro.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41687-020-00269-8

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder defined by left ventricular hypertrophy that cannot be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. There is a general lack of knowledge about patients perspectives on the symptoms and day-to-day limitations they experience as a result of HCM. […] The symptoms most commonly reported in patient interviews included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). The most commonly reported impacts of HCM symptoms on patients lives included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts, including feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). Symptoms and impacts were similar for both oHCM and nHCM.

• #11 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder defined by left ventricular hypertrophy that cannot be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. The most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations from arrhythmias including atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, dizziness, and fainting (or syncope). The symptoms most commonly reported in patient interviews included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). The most commonly reported impacts of HCM symptoms on patients lives included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts, including feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). Symptoms and impacts were similar for both oHCM and nHCM.

• #12 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Symptoms, Tests, Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Many people with HCM have no symptoms or only minor symptoms and live a normal life. Other people develop symptoms, which progress and worsen as heart function worsens. […] Symptoms of HCM can occur at any age and may include: Chest pain or pressure (usually occurs with exercise or physical activity, but can also occur with rest or after meals), Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially with exertion, Fatigue (feeling overly tired), Fainting (caused by irregular heart rhythms, abnormal responses of the blood vessels during exercise, or no cause may be found), Palpitations (fluttering in the chest) due to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, Sudden death (occurs in a small number of patients with HCM).

• #13 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-leaflet

  Most people with this condition do not have any symptoms. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may not develop straightaway. Possible symptoms include the following: […] Shortness of breath. This may develop only when you exercise if the condition is mild. When the condition is more severe, you can be breathless at rest. […] Chest pain (angina). This may develop only when you exercise but it can also occur at rest when it is more severe. The pain occurs because the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle is not sufficient to meet the demands of the thickened muscle. […] Palpitations. Sometimes abnormalities of heart rhythm (arrhythmias) develop which can cause palpitations. You may become aware that your heartbeat is fast and/or irregular. […] Dizziness and fainting attacks. These occur more commonly when you exercise but they may occur when you are resting. This may be due to reduced output of blood from the heart or because of arrhythmias.

• #14 Symptoms | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/symptoms.html

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) occurs when the heart muscle thickens over time. This thickening usually occurs in the left ventricle, the chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body. HCM may affect the heart in various ways. In some people, this thickening or related mitral valve abnormalities, block the flow of blood from the heart, leading to symptoms. In others, the thickened muscle limits the ability of the heart to pump a normal amount of blood, by restricting the size of its chamber or its ability to relax. HCM also increases the chance that a person will have irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), which can be life-threatening. […] Signs and symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include: Chest pain, Fatigue, Shortness of breath, especially with exercise, Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), Irregular sound (murmur) heard with a stethoscope, Irregular fluttering or skipped beat sensation in your chest (palpitations), Lightheadedness or dizziness, Fainting or passing out, Symptoms worsen after meals.

• #15 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A serious heart condition that may be hiding in plain sight | HFSA

  https://hfsa.org/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-serious-heart-condition-may-be-hiding-plain-sight

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a lifelong heart condition where the heart muscle wall thickens, stiffens, and makes it harder for the heart to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. […] A heart affected by HCM may have to work harder and may have difficulty pumping oxygen-rich blood out to the rest of the body, resulting in symptoms which can include shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, unexplained tiredness, feeling dizzy or lightheaded and fainting. […] HCM is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and in some cases, even sudden cardiac death.

• #16 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Sometimes, only one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. […] The thickening can make it harder for blood to leave the heart, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. It also can make it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood. […] Some people with the condition may have no symptoms. They may first find out they have the problem during a routine medical exam. […] In many young adults, the first symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is sudden collapse and possible death. This can be caused by highly abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It may also be due to a blockage that prevents the outflow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body. […] Common symptoms include: Chest pain, Dizziness, Fainting, especially during exercise, Fatigue, Lightheadedness, especially with or after activity or exercise, Sensation of feeling the heart beat fast or irregularly (palpitations), Shortness of breath with activity or after lying down (or being asleep for a while).

• #17 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms & Treatment | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/cardiovascular/programs/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program/treatment

  Symptoms of HCM are different depending on how old you are. Most patients with HCM dont have many symptoms. For this reason, a doctor may discover HCM during a routine appointment for other issues. Some patients with HCM have cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), heart failure symptoms, or sudden cardiac death. […] In the early stages of HCM, you may experience any of the following: Chest discomfort, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Palpitations, Fainting or dizziness (particularly with exercise). […] Over time, HCM can get worse and cause heart failure with symptoms of shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and edema. HCM can also cause atrial fibrillation, which increases your chances for stroke. In addition, HCM can cause sudden cardiac death because of ventricular arrhythmias (abnormal rapid heartbeats).

• #18 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder defined by left ventricular hypertrophy that cannot be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. The most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations from arrhythmias including atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, dizziness, and fainting (or syncope). The symptoms most commonly reported in patient interviews included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). The most commonly reported impacts of HCM symptoms on patients lives included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts, including feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). Symptoms and impacts were similar for both oHCM and nHCM.

• #19 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes | Full Text

  https://jpro.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41687-020-00269-8

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder defined by left ventricular hypertrophy that cannot be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. There is a general lack of knowledge about patients perspectives on the symptoms and day-to-day limitations they experience as a result of HCM. […] The symptoms most commonly reported in patient interviews included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). The most commonly reported impacts of HCM symptoms on patients lives included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts, including feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). Symptoms and impacts were similar for both oHCM and nHCM.

• #20 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Signs to Look For

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/signs-of-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) causes thickening of the heart muscle, particularly in the left ventricle in the lower part of the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as heart murmurs, swelling, fatigue, and chest pain. […] Some people in the early stages of HCM may not have symptoms. However, symptoms of HCM may develop as the condition worsens or may be mild in earlier stages. […] Possible symptoms of HCM include: Dizziness: Reduced blood flow or irregular heart rate from HCM may cause you to feel dizzy. This can also worsen when you stand up suddenly after resting. Fainting: In some cases, dizziness from HCM can also cause you to feel faint. Fatigue: HCM can make you feel more tired than usual, even after getting a good nights sleep or taking a rest. Shortness of breath: This symptom can also worsen after physical activity. Chest pain: Blood flow and heart rate irregularities can make you feel pain in your chest. Pain may also be worse after you eat a large meal or exercise. Edema: While also a possible sign of HCM that a doctor may detect, you may also notice swelling in your stomach or extremities as an HCM symptom. Gastrointestinal problems: Symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite may occur, especially in babies and young children. Fussiness: A baby or young child with HCM may be unusually fussy and inconsolable.

• #21 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy displays few symptoms for many people; others experience shortness of breath, chest pain, heart palpitations, or even a fatal heart attack. […] Common hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms include: Chest pain, worsening with activity, Shortness of breath, especially when physically active, Fatigue, Heart palpitations or fluttering (arrhythmias), Dizziness or feeling lightheaded, Fainting, Swelling of the legs, ankles, feet, and abdomen. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is sometimes referred to as a hidden disease because in some people, the condition may remain symptomless for years.

• #22 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder defined by left ventricular hypertrophy that cannot be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. The most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations from arrhythmias including atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, dizziness, and fainting (or syncope). The symptoms most commonly reported in patient interviews included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). The most commonly reported impacts of HCM symptoms on patients lives included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts, including feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). Symptoms and impacts were similar for both oHCM and nHCM.

• #23 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  People who have HCM may have a range of symptoms. People may be asymptomatic, or may have fatigue, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. […] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. […] Symptoms may be worse when the person is dehydrated. […] Complications may include heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, and sudden cardiac death. […] Major risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include prior history of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal exercise blood pressure and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, family history of premature sudden death, and LVW thickness greater than 15 mm to 30 mm, on echocardiogram. […] HCM also presents with a systolic ejection murmur that increases in intensity with decreased preload (as in the Valsalva maneuver or standing), or with decreased afterload (as in vasodilator administration).

• #24 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350204

  A healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart with a device called a stethoscope. A heart murmur may be heard while listening to the heart. […] The common symptoms that patients have when they have obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are shortness of breath, angina-like chest pain and syncope. And unfortunately, some of these symptoms develop so slowly and over such a long time that the patients don’t really understand how limited they are. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease. People are born with the genetics for it, but the hypertrophy doesn’t appear to start developing until adolescence, growth spurts, or beyond. It is possible for infants to born with thick heart muscles, but that’s really quite rare and usually more severe expressions of the disease. And it’s also been described as not coming on until people were in their fifth or sixth decade of life. So really, the onset can be at any time of life. And certainly the symptoms can occur throughout life.

• #25 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease that causes the heart muscle to thicken. HCM, which often develops at a young age, can make it more difficult for the heart to pump blood, potentially leading to symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, or fainting. […] The symptoms of HCM can be very mild, and many people go undiagnosed because they have no symptoms at all. Nevertheless, the condition requires medical treatment including drugs, surgery, or implantable medical devices to help preserve long-term heart health. HCM is a lifelong condition with no cure. […] Many people living with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy don’t experience any symptoms. Some will never learn that they have the condition, and will never experience any obvious downsides. Others, however, will experience symptoms, including: Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia) or palpitations, Rapid heart beat, Fatigue or lack of energy, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Fainting, Heart murmur, Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs or neck veins.

• #26 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  People who have HCM may have a range of symptoms. People may be asymptomatic, or may have fatigue, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. […] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. […] Symptoms may be worse when the person is dehydrated. […] Complications may include heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, and sudden cardiac death. […] Major risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include prior history of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal exercise blood pressure and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, family history of premature sudden death, and LVW thickness greater than 15 mm to 30 mm, on echocardiogram. […] HCM also presents with a systolic ejection murmur that increases in intensity with decreased preload (as in the Valsalva maneuver or standing), or with decreased afterload (as in vasodilator administration).

• #27 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152913-clinical

  Presyncope includes „graying-out” spells that occur in the erect posture and can be relieved by immediately lying down. They occur quite commonly and identify patients at high risk for sudden death. […] Typical symptoms of angina are quite common in patients with HCM and may occur in the absence of detectable coronary atherosclerosis. […] Palpitations are common. These result from arrhythmias, such as premature atrial and ventricular beats, sinus pauses, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia. […] Orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are early signs of congestive heart failure and, while relatively uncommon, are observed in patients with severe HCM. […] This is relatively uncommon but is observed in patients with severe HCM. It may occur as a result of a combination of impaired diastolic function and subendocardial ischemia. […] Dizziness is common in patients with HCM with elevated pressure gradients across the LV outflow tract. It is worsened by exertion and may be exacerbated by hypovolemia following high levels of exertion or increased insensible fluid loss (eg, during extreme heat).

• #28 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430788/

  These structural and functional abnormalities can produce fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, and syncope. […] Up to 50% of individuals diagnosed with HCM may not experience any symptoms or may only have mild symptomsespecially patients without LVOTO. […] Shortness of breath and chest discomfort are often caused by underlying diastolic dysfunction and LVOTO. Chest pain can present as typical or atypical angina. Individuals with LVOTO may experience more severe symptoms after consuming a heavy meal (postprandial exacerbation). Dizziness and syncope can occur at rest or during physical exertion, and arrhythmia or dynamic LVOTO can be the underlying causes. Palpitations are also common and may indicate underlying episodes of atrial fibrillation or ventricular arrhythmia. Sudden cardiac death represents the most devastating presenting symptom.

• #29 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350204

  A healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart with a device called a stethoscope. A heart murmur may be heard while listening to the heart. […] The common symptoms that patients have when they have obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are shortness of breath, angina-like chest pain and syncope. And unfortunately, some of these symptoms develop so slowly and over such a long time that the patients don’t really understand how limited they are. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease. People are born with the genetics for it, but the hypertrophy doesn’t appear to start developing until adolescence, growth spurts, or beyond. It is possible for infants to born with thick heart muscles, but that’s really quite rare and usually more severe expressions of the disease. And it’s also been described as not coming on until people were in their fifth or sixth decade of life. So really, the onset can be at any time of life. And certainly the symptoms can occur throughout life.

• #30 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  Symptoms are not closely related to the presence or severity of an outflow tract gradient. […] A significant number of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy do not have any symptoms and will have a normal life expectancy, although they should avoid particularly strenuous activities or competitive athletics. […] In people with resting or inducible outflow obstructions, situations that will cause dehydration or vasodilation (such as the use of vasodilatory or diuretic blood pressure medications) should be avoided. […] The primary goal of medications is to relieve symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. […] Surgical septal myectomy uniformly decreases left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and improves symptoms. […] In cases that are unresponsive to all other forms of treatment, cardiac transplantation is one option.

• #31 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152913-clinical

  Presyncope includes „graying-out” spells that occur in the erect posture and can be relieved by immediately lying down. They occur quite commonly and identify patients at high risk for sudden death. […] Typical symptoms of angina are quite common in patients with HCM and may occur in the absence of detectable coronary atherosclerosis. […] Palpitations are common. These result from arrhythmias, such as premature atrial and ventricular beats, sinus pauses, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia. […] Orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are early signs of congestive heart failure and, while relatively uncommon, are observed in patients with severe HCM. […] This is relatively uncommon but is observed in patients with severe HCM. It may occur as a result of a combination of impaired diastolic function and subendocardial ischemia. […] Dizziness is common in patients with HCM with elevated pressure gradients across the LV outflow tract. It is worsened by exertion and may be exacerbated by hypovolemia following high levels of exertion or increased insensible fluid loss (eg, during extreme heat).

• #32 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  HCM is a chronic disease that can get worse over time. This can lead to poorer function and quality of life, long-term complications and more financial and social burden. […] As HCM progresses, it can cause other health problems. People with HCM are at higher risk for developing atrial fibrillation, which can lead to blood clots, stroke and other heart-related complications. HCM may also lead to heart failure. It can also lead to sudden cardiac arrest, but this is rare. HCM has been regarded as the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people and competitive athletes in North America, although it is rare. […] A small number of people with HCM, however, are at risk for complications including heart failure and sudden death. The risk of heart complications can vary between families and among different members of the same family. It’s important that your health care team identifies people who are most at risk for these complications so preventative treatment can be provided.

• #33 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #34 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Signs to Look For

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/signs-of-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  HCM symptoms can be divided into the following four stages: Stage I: This is usually when the disease is not yet showing any noticeable symptoms, though some early signs may appear. Stage II: In this stage, there is a noticeable thickening of the heart muscle, which shows excessive contraction but no significant scarring. The symptoms are usually caused by blockage of the lower part of the left ventricle from displacement of the mitral valve. You might begin to experience things like problems with your heart rate and swelling. Stage III: In this stage, you would develop signs of left-ventricular fibrosis or scarring, negatively affecting your hearts ability to pump blood. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, and nausea. Stage IV: By this stage, you develop overt signs of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Symptoms include difficulty breathing, especially at night, swelling, weight gain, and chest pain.

• #35 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #36 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #37 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  If youre diagnosed at age 50 or 60, your prognosis is usually goodprobably similar to age-matched controls, Kramer says. But if you have a family history of the disease and youre diagnosed at 25, thats less optimal. […] If the disease progressesmeaning, an obstruction or other threat to the heart arisestreatment may involve an implantable defibrillator, or medications intended to manage symptoms or reduce the risks of complications. […] For a very small number of patientsand for reasons that are not well understoodMaron says the condition will continue to worsen despite treatment. In these cases, he says a heart transplant may ultimately be necessary. […] Nowadays, the annual risk of death for a patient is below 1% percent, his research has estimated. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a shifty and unpredictable foe. But experts say theyve learned to roll with its punches.

• #38 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  If youre diagnosed at age 50 or 60, your prognosis is usually goodprobably similar to age-matched controls, Kramer says. But if you have a family history of the disease and youre diagnosed at 25, thats less optimal. […] If the disease progressesmeaning, an obstruction or other threat to the heart arisestreatment may involve an implantable defibrillator, or medications intended to manage symptoms or reduce the risks of complications. […] For a very small number of patientsand for reasons that are not well understoodMaron says the condition will continue to worsen despite treatment. In these cases, he says a heart transplant may ultimately be necessary. […] Nowadays, the annual risk of death for a patient is below 1% percent, his research has estimated. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a shifty and unpredictable foe. But experts say theyve learned to roll with its punches.

• #39 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #40 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  People who have HCM may have a range of symptoms. People may be asymptomatic, or may have fatigue, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. […] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. […] Symptoms may be worse when the person is dehydrated. […] Complications may include heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, and sudden cardiac death. […] Major risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include prior history of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal exercise blood pressure and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, family history of premature sudden death, and LVW thickness greater than 15 mm to 30 mm, on echocardiogram. […] HCM also presents with a systolic ejection murmur that increases in intensity with decreased preload (as in the Valsalva maneuver or standing), or with decreased afterload (as in vasodilator administration).

• #41 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430788/

  The most common arrhythmia in HCM is atrial fibrillation, present in about 25% of patients, which is 4- to 6-fold higher than in the general population. Atrial fibrillation is poorly tolerated in patients with HCM. […] Even though many patients with HCM are asymptomatic, the first clinical presentation may be sudden death from malignant arrhythmias.

• #42 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  People who have HCM may have a range of symptoms. People may be asymptomatic, or may have fatigue, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. […] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. […] Symptoms may be worse when the person is dehydrated. […] Complications may include heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, and sudden cardiac death. […] Major risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include prior history of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal exercise blood pressure and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, family history of premature sudden death, and LVW thickness greater than 15 mm to 30 mm, on echocardiogram. […] HCM also presents with a systolic ejection murmur that increases in intensity with decreased preload (as in the Valsalva maneuver or standing), or with decreased afterload (as in vasodilator administration).

• #43

  https://www.4hcm.org/when-does-hcm-develop

  HCM patients can be diagnosed at any age, from birth to age 80+, there are even cases of those in their 90’s with new diagnoses. […] Most commonly, hypertrophy develops in association with growth and is usually apparent by the late teens or early twenties. Once hypertrophy appears, there is rarely a significant change in muscle thickness in the years of adult life. Other aspects of the heart may change over time including condition of the mitral valve, degree of obstruction, and left atrial size. […] The average age of diagnosis within the HCMA database is 39 years. About half of adults with HCM present with symptoms. In the other half, the diagnosis is made during family screening or following the detection of a murmur or abnormality on routine electrocardiogram (ECG). […] A growing number of HCM patients are being identified later in life and are referred to as „adult onset.” In older medical literature, the occurrence of adult onset HCM appeared rare; now we know it to be far more common.

• #44 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-leaflet

  The thickening of the heart muscle does not tend to progress once you stop growing. This means that, for many people, the symptoms remain stable during adulthood. […] Unfortunately, the symptoms gradually become worse for some people as the heart muscle becomes more stiff. Sometimes the function of the heart gradually deteriorates and heart failure may develop.

• #45 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  HCM is a chronic disease that can get worse over time. This can lead to poorer function and quality of life, long-term complications and more financial and social burden. […] As HCM progresses, it can cause other health problems. People with HCM are at higher risk for developing atrial fibrillation, which can lead to blood clots, stroke and other heart-related complications. HCM may also lead to heart failure. It can also lead to sudden cardiac arrest, but this is rare. HCM has been regarded as the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people and competitive athletes in North America, although it is rare. […] A small number of people with HCM, however, are at risk for complications including heart failure and sudden death. The risk of heart complications can vary between families and among different members of the same family. It’s important that your health care team identifies people who are most at risk for these complications so preventative treatment can be provided.

• #46 HCM in Young Adults and Student Athletes | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hcm-in-young-adults-and-student-athletes

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition that causes the walls of your heart to thicken. In many cases, it can also cause the heart walls to stiffen, which reduces the amount of blood that can flow into your heart and be pumped back to your body with each heartbeat. […] The symptoms of HCM can vary. Some people don’t experience any symptoms, while others primarily feel symptoms during exercise or exertion. Symptoms can also worsen over time. […] Symptoms may include: Chest pain, especially with physical exertion, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Dizziness, Light headedness, Fainting, Arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeat), Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs and abdomen. […] HCM can also cause other health problems. People with HCM are at a higher risk of heart conditions like atrial fibrillation, stroke and blood clots. It can also lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death.

• #47 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430788/

  The most common arrhythmia in HCM is atrial fibrillation, present in about 25% of patients, which is 4- to 6-fold higher than in the general population. Atrial fibrillation is poorly tolerated in patients with HCM. […] Even though many patients with HCM are asymptomatic, the first clinical presentation may be sudden death from malignant arrhythmias.

• #48 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common form of genetic heart disease worldwide. Researchers have estimated that up to 1 in 200 people have the condition, which is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the walls of the heart. This thickening can make it difficult for the heart to pump blood. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be a deadly disease, and there was a time when it was largely untreatable. […] The reality, he adds, is that very few people die of the disease, and fully half of patients belong in a group we consider benign and stable. […] Symptoms can range from severe to very mildso mild that a person may live with them for years without thinking much of them. […] Fortunately, this obstruction-related heart failure is often reversible with the help of either medication or some type of procedure, such as surgery to remove part of the thickened heart muscle.

• #49 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17116-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  If you have heart failure, it doesn’t mean your heart has failed or stopped working. It means your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should. Symptoms of heart failure include: […] Difficulty breathing (shortness of breath). […] Feeling tired (fatigue) when you’re active. […] Swelling in your ankles, legs and abdomen. […] Feeling that your heart is beating too fast (palpitations). […] There are several ways to manage heart failure, from making lifestyle changes to medications that relieve symptoms or help the muscle in your heart to work the way it should.

• #50 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  HCM is a chronic disease that can get worse over time. This can lead to poorer function and quality of life, long-term complications and more financial and social burden. […] As HCM progresses, it can cause other health problems. People with HCM are at higher risk for developing atrial fibrillation, which can lead to blood clots, stroke and other heart-related complications. HCM may also lead to heart failure. It can also lead to sudden cardiac arrest, but this is rare. HCM has been regarded as the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people and competitive athletes in North America, although it is rare. […] A small number of people with HCM, however, are at risk for complications including heart failure and sudden death. The risk of heart complications can vary between families and among different members of the same family. It’s important that your health care team identifies people who are most at risk for these complications so preventative treatment can be provided.

• #51 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Symptoms & Complications

  https://www.froedtert.com/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/symptoms

  HCM is a complex condition caused by a gene mutation, so it is genetic in origin. It affects 1 in 500 people of all ages, with symptoms appearing in children and adults. […] Symptoms of HCM can be few to non-existent. Exercising or activity may cause symptoms to surface, and the severity of symptoms can vary day-by-day and family-by-family. […] Common symptoms of HCM include: Shortness of breath during activity, when lying down and while sleeping, Chest pain, Fainting and near-fainting, Heart palpitations, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Lack of energy or fatigue, Swelling of the legs and feet. […] While many patients with HCM experience very few symptoms, some experience complications that require specialized care. These complications may include: Heart failure, Stroke, Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias), Heart blockages, Heart valve infections, Sudden cardiac death.

• #52 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  HCM is a chronic disease that can get worse over time. This can lead to poorer function and quality of life, long-term complications and more financial and social burden. […] As HCM progresses, it can cause other health problems. People with HCM are at higher risk for developing atrial fibrillation, which can lead to blood clots, stroke and other heart-related complications. HCM may also lead to heart failure. It can also lead to sudden cardiac arrest, but this is rare. HCM has been regarded as the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people and competitive athletes in North America, although it is rare. […] A small number of people with HCM, however, are at risk for complications including heart failure and sudden death. The risk of heart complications can vary between families and among different members of the same family. It’s important that your health care team identifies people who are most at risk for these complications so preventative treatment can be provided.

• #53 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Some people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may not have symptoms and will have normal lifespan. Others may get worse slowly or quickly. In some cases, the condition may develop into dilated cardiomyopathy. […] People with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at higher risk for sudden death than people without the condition. Sudden death can occur at a young age. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a well-known cause of sudden death in athletes. Almost half of deaths due to this condition happen during or just after some type of physical activity.

• #54 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17116-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Chest pain. This usually happens with exercise or physical activity, but also may occur with rest or after meals. […] Difficulty breathing (shortness of breath) and fatigue, especially with exertion. These symptoms are more common in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Increased pressure in the left atrium and lungs is the cause. […] Fainting or passing out (syncope). Irregular heart rhythms or abnormal responses of your blood vessels during exercise may cause fainting, or no cause may be found. […] Feeling like your heart’s beating too fast or a fluttering in the chest (palpitations). […] Abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (both of which give you a fast heartbeat) may cause palpitations. […] Most people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a low risk for sudden cardiac death. However, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in people under age 35.

• #55 About Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Heart Disease, Family Health History, and Familial Hypercholesterolemia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease-family-history/about/about-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-hcm-and-family-health-history-of-sudden-death.html

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 500 people and causes the heart muscle to become thicker and stiff. This makes it harder for the heart to work properly because the thickened heart muscle can obstruct blood flow out of the heart. […] People with HCM can develop complications such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. HCM can lead to sudden death, especially in children, teens, young adults, and competitive athletes, who may have no or few symptoms and not know they have a heart problem. […] HCM can develop at any point in a person’s life. Most people with HCM are born with what appears to be a normal heart and develop HCM later. Those who develop HCM before age 40 often have more symptoms and complications.

• #56 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Signs & Symptoms

  https://www.coulditbehcm.com/signs-and-symptoms

  Also, HCM affects people in different ways. For some people, symptoms come and go, and for others, symptoms can persist for a long time. Still, others may not experience symptoms right away, yet the disease may continue to progress. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can start differently for everyone. […] HCM can have a serious health impact. […] Complications of HCM can include heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AFib), stroke, and rarely, sudden cardiac death. […] HCM can be a debilitating and life-changing disease that reduces physical functioning and overall well-being. […] The symptoms of HCM can limit a person’s activity and even keep them from doing simple, everyday tasks. Worsening HCM symptoms may limit people’s physical activities, keep them from everyday tasks, and impact their ability to work. […] If you’ve noticed your symptoms are impacting your daily activities, it is important to talk to your doctor to get an accurate diagnosis.

• #57 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  A conceptual model was developed, which identifies the core symptoms that patients with oHCM and nHCM reported as most frequent and most important: shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue/tiredness, dizziness/light-headedness, and chest pain, as well as the impacts those symptoms have on patients lives. The most commonly reported impacts included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts (78%), feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). […] The clinical expert interviews showed the three clinicians to be highly consistent in their views of the symptom burden of HCM and how these symptoms impact patients lives. They reported that symptoms are experienced by most patients diagnosed with HCM, particularly those with oHCM, and that the most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion or after a meal, chest pain (angina), palpitations, and feeling faint (syncope) or dizzy.

• #58 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  A conceptual model was developed, which identifies the core symptoms that patients with oHCM and nHCM reported as most frequent and most important: shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue/tiredness, dizziness/light-headedness, and chest pain, as well as the impacts those symptoms have on patients lives. The most commonly reported impacts included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts (78%), feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). […] The clinical expert interviews showed the three clinicians to be highly consistent in their views of the symptom burden of HCM and how these symptoms impact patients lives. They reported that symptoms are experienced by most patients diagnosed with HCM, particularly those with oHCM, and that the most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion or after a meal, chest pain (angina), palpitations, and feeling faint (syncope) or dizzy.

• #59 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes | Full Text

  https://jpro.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41687-020-00269-8

  The most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations from arrhythmias including atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, dizziness, and fainting (or syncope). […] The clinical expert interviews showed the three clinicians to be highly consistent in their views of the symptom burden of HCM and how these symptoms impact patients lives. They reported that symptoms are experienced by most patients diagnosed with HCM, particularly those with oHCM, and that the most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion or after a meal, chest pain (angina), palpitations, and feeling faint (syncope) or dizzy. […] The most commonly reported impacts included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts (78%), feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). […] The model identifies shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue/tiredness, dizziness/light-headedness, and chest pain as the core symptoms of both oHCM and nHCM. These symptoms have physical, emotional, and social impacts on patients, including limitations on their activities of daily living.

• #60 HCM in Young Adults and Student Athletes | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hcm-in-young-adults-and-student-athletes

  If you have HCM, you may need to make lifestyle changes, like limiting your physical activity. HCM can also lead to long-term complications, which can make it more difficult to function and reduce your quality of life. […] Diagnosing HCM early can help you prevent complications and manage the condition so you can enjoy a higher quality of life. Talk to your doctor if you struggle with any of the major HCM symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain or heart palpitations, fatigue or fainting. […] People with HCM can enjoy a long and healthy life. It’s vital to consult your health care team if you experience symptoms or have a family history of HCM. An early diagnosis and proper management can lead to the best outcomes.

• #61 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  A conceptual model was developed, which identifies the core symptoms that patients with oHCM and nHCM reported as most frequent and most important: shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue/tiredness, dizziness/light-headedness, and chest pain, as well as the impacts those symptoms have on patients lives. The most commonly reported impacts included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts (78%), feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). […] The clinical expert interviews showed the three clinicians to be highly consistent in their views of the symptom burden of HCM and how these symptoms impact patients lives. They reported that symptoms are experienced by most patients diagnosed with HCM, particularly those with oHCM, and that the most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion or after a meal, chest pain (angina), palpitations, and feeling faint (syncope) or dizzy.

• #62 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes | Full Text

  https://jpro.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41687-020-00269-8

  The most commonly reported symptoms are shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations from arrhythmias including atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, dizziness, and fainting (or syncope). […] The clinical expert interviews showed the three clinicians to be highly consistent in their views of the symptom burden of HCM and how these symptoms impact patients lives. They reported that symptoms are experienced by most patients diagnosed with HCM, particularly those with oHCM, and that the most commonly reported symptoms were shortness of breath with exertion or after a meal, chest pain (angina), palpitations, and feeling faint (syncope) or dizzy. […] The most commonly reported impacts included limitations to physical activities (78%), emotional impacts (78%), feeling anxious or depressed (78%), and impacts on work (63%). […] The model identifies shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue/tiredness, dizziness/light-headedness, and chest pain as the core symptoms of both oHCM and nHCM. These symptoms have physical, emotional, and social impacts on patients, including limitations on their activities of daily living.

• #63 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Signs & Symptoms

  https://www.coulditbehcm.com/signs-and-symptoms

  Also, HCM affects people in different ways. For some people, symptoms come and go, and for others, symptoms can persist for a long time. Still, others may not experience symptoms right away, yet the disease may continue to progress. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can start differently for everyone. […] HCM can have a serious health impact. […] Complications of HCM can include heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AFib), stroke, and rarely, sudden cardiac death. […] HCM can be a debilitating and life-changing disease that reduces physical functioning and overall well-being. […] The symptoms of HCM can limit a person’s activity and even keep them from doing simple, everyday tasks. Worsening HCM symptoms may limit people’s physical activities, keep them from everyday tasks, and impact their ability to work. […] If you’ve noticed your symptoms are impacting your daily activities, it is important to talk to your doctor to get an accurate diagnosis.

• #64 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Signs & Symptoms

  https://www.coulditbehcm.com/signs-and-symptoms

  Also, HCM affects people in different ways. For some people, symptoms come and go, and for others, symptoms can persist for a long time. Still, others may not experience symptoms right away, yet the disease may continue to progress. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can start differently for everyone. […] HCM can have a serious health impact. […] Complications of HCM can include heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AFib), stroke, and rarely, sudden cardiac death. […] HCM can be a debilitating and life-changing disease that reduces physical functioning and overall well-being. […] The symptoms of HCM can limit a person’s activity and even keep them from doing simple, everyday tasks. Worsening HCM symptoms may limit people’s physical activities, keep them from everyday tasks, and impact their ability to work. […] If you’ve noticed your symptoms are impacting your daily activities, it is important to talk to your doctor to get an accurate diagnosis.

• #65 Patient education: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-beyond-the-basics

  The most common symptoms include: Breathlessness (dyspnea) on exertion, Chest pain may occur at rest or associated with exertion, Fainting (syncope) and near-fainting (presyncope), Palpitations, awareness of the heart beat or feeling a „forceful” heart beat, Lightheadedness when sitting or standing up, Exertional fatigue or lack of energy (ie, not having the appropriate exertional stamina for certain activities). […] People with no or only minor symptoms generally have a better prognosis than those with more severe symptoms, although people with symptoms due to obstruction who have septal reduction therapy typically have significant improvement in symptoms and normal longevity. However, the severity of symptoms does not necessarily correlate with the extent of cardiac involvement or the risk of sudden death.

• #66 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  If youre diagnosed at age 50 or 60, your prognosis is usually goodprobably similar to age-matched controls, Kramer says. But if you have a family history of the disease and youre diagnosed at 25, thats less optimal. […] If the disease progressesmeaning, an obstruction or other threat to the heart arisestreatment may involve an implantable defibrillator, or medications intended to manage symptoms or reduce the risks of complications. […] For a very small number of patientsand for reasons that are not well understoodMaron says the condition will continue to worsen despite treatment. In these cases, he says a heart transplant may ultimately be necessary. […] Nowadays, the annual risk of death for a patient is below 1% percent, his research has estimated. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a shifty and unpredictable foe. But experts say theyve learned to roll with its punches.

• #67 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  If youre diagnosed at age 50 or 60, your prognosis is usually goodprobably similar to age-matched controls, Kramer says. But if you have a family history of the disease and youre diagnosed at 25, thats less optimal. […] If the disease progressesmeaning, an obstruction or other threat to the heart arisestreatment may involve an implantable defibrillator, or medications intended to manage symptoms or reduce the risks of complications. […] For a very small number of patientsand for reasons that are not well understoodMaron says the condition will continue to worsen despite treatment. In these cases, he says a heart transplant may ultimately be necessary. […] Nowadays, the annual risk of death for a patient is below 1% percent, his research has estimated. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains a shifty and unpredictable foe. But experts say theyve learned to roll with its punches.

• #68 What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cardiovascular-institute/about-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-care-ohsu

  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (also known as HCM) is the most common genetic heart condition. It occurs when a muscle in your heart thickens and makes it harder for your heart to pump blood. […] HCM can be difficult to diagnose. It may take years for symptoms to appear, or you may have no symptoms at all. HCM can also affect people differently. […] Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy might not look the same for everyone. The most common signs are: […] You might have experienced some of these symptoms for years before you get diagnosed. Or you may have no symptoms at all. Many patients dont know they have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy until a family member is diagnosed with it. […] It can be scary if you or a family member get diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. But most people with HCM live normal, healthy lives without significant symptoms. […] Like many chronic conditions, HCM can be managed but not cured. The earlier we catch it, the easier it can be to manage your symptoms. If you have symptoms, your doctor will work with you to find the treatment option thats best for you.

• #69 Patient education: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-beyond-the-basics

  The most common symptoms include: Breathlessness (dyspnea) on exertion, Chest pain may occur at rest or associated with exertion, Fainting (syncope) and near-fainting (presyncope), Palpitations, awareness of the heart beat or feeling a „forceful” heart beat, Lightheadedness when sitting or standing up, Exertional fatigue or lack of energy (ie, not having the appropriate exertional stamina for certain activities). […] People with no or only minor symptoms generally have a better prognosis than those with more severe symptoms, although people with symptoms due to obstruction who have septal reduction therapy typically have significant improvement in symptoms and normal longevity. However, the severity of symptoms does not necessarily correlate with the extent of cardiac involvement or the risk of sudden death.

• #70 HCM in Young Adults and Student Athletes | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hcm-in-young-adults-and-student-athletes

  If you have HCM, you may need to make lifestyle changes, like limiting your physical activity. HCM can also lead to long-term complications, which can make it more difficult to function and reduce your quality of life. […] Diagnosing HCM early can help you prevent complications and manage the condition so you can enjoy a higher quality of life. Talk to your doctor if you struggle with any of the major HCM symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain or heart palpitations, fatigue or fainting. […] People with HCM can enjoy a long and healthy life. It’s vital to consult your health care team if you experience symptoms or have a family history of HCM. An early diagnosis and proper management can lead to the best outcomes.

• #71 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #72 Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16841-cardiomyopathy

  Lifestyle choices can affect how quickly cardiomyopathy progresses. To manage symptoms and increase your heart health, your provider may recommend: […] Youll need regular checkups to monitor your hearts health. Also, you may need regular blood tests or other tests that tell your provider how well your heart is doing.

• #73

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy

  Patients who have family history of sudden cardiac arrest, unexplained fainting spell, severe thickening of heart muscle or dangerous heart rhythm, are considered to be at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator can be life-saving in this group of patients. […] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) usually has a benign course. As in any hereditary genetic disease, careful counselling of the condition is important especially on the transmission pattern. Proper risk assessment for sudden cardiac arrest should be done. Anticipating potential complications and instituting appropriate treatment cannot be overemphasised. Long-term monitoring and follow-up would be necessary.

• #74 Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16841-cardiomyopathy

  Lifestyle choices can affect how quickly cardiomyopathy progresses. To manage symptoms and increase your heart health, your provider may recommend: […] Youll need regular checkups to monitor your hearts health. Also, you may need regular blood tests or other tests that tell your provider how well your heart is doing.

• #75 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy

  People who have HCM may have a range of symptoms. People may be asymptomatic, or may have fatigue, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. […] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. […] Symptoms may be worse when the person is dehydrated. […] Complications may include heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, and sudden cardiac death. […] Major risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include prior history of cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal exercise blood pressure and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, family history of premature sudden death, and LVW thickness greater than 15 mm to 30 mm, on echocardiogram. […] HCM also presents with a systolic ejection murmur that increases in intensity with decreased preload (as in the Valsalva maneuver or standing), or with decreased afterload (as in vasodilator administration).

• #76 Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: What Every Cardiologist Needs to Know

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2020/02/19/18/19/Treatment-of-Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy

  Patients with HCM are at increased risk for SCD, and risk stratification for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation is critical in this population. Primary prevention with an ICD is reasonable for patients with severe hypertrophy (30mm), family history of sudden death in a first degree relative, recent unexplained syncope, or „burnt-out” HCM (LVEF 50%). The presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on 24-hour Holter or abnormal blood pressure response to exercise, when added to other risk factors, also supports primary prevention ICD. […] Atrial fibrillation can worsen exertional symptoms and increase stroke risk in patients with HCM. The role for catheter ablation has not been specifically studied in HCM cohorts but remains an option for patients with symptoms refractory to medical therapy.

• #77 Patient experiences with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a conceptual model of symptoms and impacts on quality of life

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7708573/

  The most commonly reported symptoms included tiredness (89%), shortness of breath (89%), shortness of breath with physical activity (89%), and dizziness/light-headedness (89%). Other symptoms commonly reported included chest pain (angina) (70%), chest pain (angina) with physical exertion (70%), and palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat) (81%). […] Overall, the review was consistent in identifying shortness of breath/dyspnea, light-headedness and blackouts/fainting (syncope), palpitations/tachycardia, fatigue, and dizziness as the most common symptoms among patients with HCM. Furthermore, anxiety, depression, and reduced physical functioning with shortness of breath were identified as being particularly impactful on patient quality of life and functioning. […] The symptoms and impacts of HCM presented in this conceptual model can be used as a framework for developing a targeted PRO instrument that reflects the patient experience with HCM, and that would be useful for assessing outcomes in clinical practice or clinical trials.

• #78 How Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Progresses in Adults | TIME

  https://time.com/6961155/how-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-progresses-adults/

  A small subset of patients develop advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy where the muscle of the heart is thick and stiff and non-complaint, and the only option might be a heart transplant, Desai says. But that, mercifully, is only the case in 3% to 5% of patients. […] While these four pathways can help sort people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy into four rough groups, experts reiterate that the course of the disease is hard to anticipate. However, with proper care, they also say that most people diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will not die of the disease. […] Progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly variable, Kramer says. It may progress and it may not, and were doing studies to understand who is most likely to progress and why. […] However, among patients with obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathyeither with or without symptomsexperts say the condition is likely to get worse if left untreated. The muscle thickening will advance, symptoms will develop or become more severe, and the risk of a person developing atrial fibrillation or other life-threatening complications will increase, he says.

• #79 HCM in Young Adults and Student Athletes | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hcm-in-young-adults-and-student-athletes

  If you have HCM, you may need to make lifestyle changes, like limiting your physical activity. HCM can also lead to long-term complications, which can make it more difficult to function and reduce your quality of life. […] Diagnosing HCM early can help you prevent complications and manage the condition so you can enjoy a higher quality of life. Talk to your doctor if you struggle with any of the major HCM symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain or heart palpitations, fatigue or fainting. […] People with HCM can enjoy a long and healthy life. It’s vital to consult your health care team if you experience symptoms or have a family history of HCM. An early diagnosis and proper management can lead to the best outcomes.

• #80 Cardiomyopathy: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16841-cardiomyopathy

  Cardiomyopathy symptoms include: […] Some people have no symptoms of cardiomyopathy and dont need treatment. Others experience symptoms as their disease progresses. […] Cardiomyopathy is a serious condition. Without treatment, it can be life-threatening. Its also a progressive condition, meaning it usually worsens over time. […] Cardiomyopathy treatment can improve your outlook. If you have cardiomyopathy, seek treatment from a cardiologist (heart specialist). Medication, procedures or other treatments can increase your quality of life and help you live longer. […] Theres no cure for cardiomyopathy. However, you can manage the condition or slow its progression. Many people who make healthy lifestyle choices and seek medical treatment can live a high quality of life with cardiomyopathy. Taking the proper medications can drastically alter and improve the prognosis of cardiomyopathy. Many people can live normal and healthy lives with the right treatment.

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