Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Geographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike structures on your tongue’s surface. These structures are called papillae. The loss of these papillae appears as smooth, red patches of different shapes and sizes. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. These papillae are actually fine, hairlike structures. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets.

• #1 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is where irregular spots or patches appear on the top and sides of the tongue, creating patterns that resemble a map. The condition is usually harmless, but may be a first indication of celiac disease. […] Geographic tongue causes island-shaped lesions that give your tongue a map-like appearance. The lesions can appear on the upper surface and sides of the tongue. They look ragged and uneven, and they sometimes have white borders or edges. […] Instead, the misshapen spots are a sign of inflammation affecting your tongues surface. […] If you have geographic tongue, those papillae disappear, leaving behind patches of your tongue that are bald, smooth, and red. […] Geographic tongue does not always cause symptoms. Some people will not notice the change in appearance and only receive a diagnosis after a doctors exam.

• #1 Geographic tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/geographic-tongue?content_id=CON-20199567

  Geographic tongue may look alarming, but it does not cause health issues. Sometimes it can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. […] Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms. […] Geographic tongue can continue for days, months or years. The problem often goes away on its own, but it may appear again later.

• #1 Geographic Tongue – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554466/

  Geographic tongue is a benign chronic relapsing recurring inflammatory condition of the oral cavity of unknown etiology. […] It usually manifests as asymptomatic erythematous and migratory circinate patches that give its characteristic appearance of a map. […] Depending on the individual, the lesion persists for a period of several days to weeks and then disappears and reappears in a different location. […] Geographic tongue undergoes periods of remission and exacerbation with varying shapes and sizes, giving it its migrating map-like pattern. […] Lesions can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as pain, burning sensation, stomatodynia, dysgeusia, sensitivity to hot, spicy, and sour food. […] Geographic tongue usually does not require any treatment if asymptomatic. […] For symptomatic lesions, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, cyclosporine, vitamin A, zinc, acetaminophen, topical tacrolimus have been shown to be effective. […] Geographic tongue is a benign usually asymptomatic condition with a good prognosis. […] Geographic tongue usually does not have any complications.

• #1 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms. […] Geographic tongue can continue for days, months or years. The problem often goes away on its own, but it may appear again later. […] Geographic tongue is harmless, but it can sometimes be uncomfortable. It does not pose a threat to your health, cause long-term complications or raise your risk of major health problems.

• #1 Geographic Tongue – Causes, Treatment and Symptoms | Oral-B UK

  https://www.oralb.co.uk/en-gb/oral-health/conditions/other-oral-health-conditions/geographic-tongue-causes-treatment-symptoms

  Around 1 in 10 patients report geographic tongue pain, including discomfort or pain on the tongue when eating spicy, acidic, or very sweet foods. You may notice a mild burning, stinging, or soreness on the geographic tongue red patches. This soreness on tongue should subside after some time, though it may flare up again in future. […] The symptoms of geographic tongue typically last for a few months, depending on the person though repeat flare ups may return at another point, too.

• #1 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  Some people who experience a geographic tongue will also develop a fissured tongue. These two conditions occur together frequently. […] A fissured tongue causes cracks and grooves in the surface of the tongue. These indentations can be irritating and sometimes painful. […] Symptoms may appear for a few days and then disappear for several months. Likewise, the map-like appearance may be present for several months and then disappear for years. […] Doctors do not yet understand why some people have longer episodes, and they dont have any way of knowing who will experience the condition later. […] Most cases of geographic tongue will go away without treatment in a few days.

• #1 Geographic tongue: Causes and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/what-can-you-do-to-avoid-or-get-rid-of-geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoohRk9Q_BdswXXblLmEbgIDGGkQiXX9hIpc0HGbt5Qte3HpPk8a

  Emotional stress and psychological issues exacerbate the symptoms and prolong the duration or cause the recurrence of geographic tongue. […] Geographic tongue is more common in young people than in adults. […] Geographic tongue often goes away on its own without treatment. […] If you are not sure whether you are suffering from geographic tongue or another condition, it is best to consult a health care professional. […] After being diagnosed with geographic tongue, there are various measures you can take to alleviate the symptoms and to get over them faster. […] Individuals suffering from geographic tongue often find that their symptoms worsen when using an aggressive toothpaste or mouthwash. […] Given that the symptoms can worsen with certain foods, such as acidic, very spicy or hot dishes, it is advisable to carefully monitor the occurrences of geographic tongue and to identify potential triggers.

• #1 Geographic tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/geographic-tongue?content_id=CON-20199567

  Geographic tongue usually does not need any medical treatment. While geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain, it’s a harmless condition. […] Most people with geographic tongue don’t experience symptoms. But if you have symptoms, you may reduce pain by staying away from or limiting substances that commonly make sensitive oral tissues feel worse.

• #1 Geographic Tongue – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.newmouth.com/oral-health/geographic-tongue/

  Most people who have it are asymptomatic, though some may be sensitive to spicy or acidic foods. Affected tongues also have red, smooth patches in different areas, similar to a map. The patches vary in size and are lined with a thin, white border. […] Signs and symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Oral lesions the red patches on the tongue are lesions. They may change shape and size or move around the mouth over time. They are most common on the side and top of the tongue. […] Most of the time, people with geographic tongue will not notice any symptoms. The signs of the lesions may be visible on the tongue without any discernible impact. Geographic tongue should not interfere with daily life. […] Geographic tongue is a benign condition with no serious implications. It most often affects the appearance but not the health of the tongue. Occasionally, geographic tongue can result in a burning sensation.

• #1 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergies or atopy may be conditions underlying the occurrence of GT, as in this patient. […] The patients history, serum levels of total IgE, and prick testing have indicated an association between GT and allergies. […] In this case, GT was triggered by allergies, supported by blood test results showing an elevated eosinophil count of 4%, a total IgE of 698 IU/mL (six times the standard value), and a positive prick test for chili. […] Symptomatic GT may interfere with quality of life, as the patient needs to be constantly vigilant about the foods she consumes. Therefore, identifying risk factors is required to improve the quality of life for GT patients. […] The pathogenesis of GT is related to epithelial turnover through desquamation and keratinization processes. […] GT is generally asymptomatic, but some patients with GT may experience symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching of the tongue.

• #1 Exploring Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.smilearizonadentistry.com/blog/exploring-geographic-tongue-symptoms

  Geographic tongue causes have been associated with irritation induced by hot or spicy foods, or alcohol intake. However, the exact cause remains elusive, the alteration in the tongue’s surface pattern arises from the loss of its minute, finger-like projections known as papillae. […] Migratory patches on the tongue usually resolve spontaneously within a few days and are generally not a cause for concern. […] If the red patches persist for weeks, it’s advisable to consult a doctor. They can help rule out other possibilities and discuss methods to alleviate discomfort.

• #1 Oral Health Considerations for Geographic Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/oral-health-considerations-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign oral mucosal lesion that usually affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The disease is characterized by alternating activity, remission, and reactivation at various locations of the tongue. […] GT lesions present as multiple, well demarcated areas of erythema, surrounded by a white, serpiginous, hyperkeratotic elevated border. There is atrophy of the filiform papillae. The characteristic pattern reported by patients is spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area with return of normal tongue architecture, followed by another lesion appearing in a different location of the tongue. This pattern of resolution and recurrence to a new location on the tongue is what led to the migratory name. Lesions may change in location, pattern, and size, and occur on other mucosal surfaces, including the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Lesions can last up to 2 weeks.

• #1 Geographic tongue

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=141&pid=1&gid=001049

  Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance. […] The change in pattern on the surface of the tongue occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. These areas look flat as a result. The appearance of the tongue may change very quickly. The flat-looking areas may remain for more than a month. […] Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue, Patches that move from day to day, Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue, Soreness and burning pain (in some cases). […] Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time.

• #1 Geographic tongue | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/83/8/565

  A previously healthy 35-year-old woman presented with reddish discoloration of her tongue for the past 7 days, accompanied by mild soreness over the area when eating spicy foods. The lesion had also changed shape repeatedly. […] These findings were suggestive of geographic tongue, a benign, self-limiting inflammation. […] Geographic tongue has a remitting and relapsing course with no complications or permanent sequelae. […] The condition is differentiated from oral candidiasis by its presence in an otherwise healthy person and by the changing pattern of the lesions over time. […] Reassurance is the main treatment.

• #1 Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-022-02609-0

  In the present study, 4 participants associated the worsening of their signs and symptoms of GT with the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These signs and symptoms were generalized and were reported by patients as more intense and more frequent burning, spontaneous burning, itchy, and tongue bleeding. […] Recent studies have demonstrated the association of GT to the presence of anxiety, stress, and depression, corroborating the results of this study, where stress was statistically related to the worsening of the symptoms of geographic tongue. Furthermore, it was observed that younger patients were more susceptible to stress and, consequently, developed exacerbation or worsening of their symptoms.

• #1 Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9719625/

  Geographic Tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the loss of epithelium due to the atrophy of filiform papillae. It usually occurs on the dorsum of the tongue and may extend to its lateral edges. It appears as an erythematous area surrounded by whitish and slightly elevated margins. In most cases, the condition is asymptomatic, although some individuals may report symptoms that include a burning sensation of the tongue. […] Younger patients showed a worsening of the oral lesions related to GT and reported stress during the pandemic. […] Younger patients were more susceptible to stress and presented more exacerbation of the oral lesions related to GT. […] In the present study, 4 participants associated the worsening of their signs and symptoms of GT with the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These signs and symptoms were generalized and were reported by patients as more intense and more frequent burning, spontaneous burning, itchy, and tongue bleeding.

• #1 Geographic tongue – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_tongue

  Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time. The lesions usually change in shape and size, and migrate to other areas, sometimes within hours. The condition goes through periods of remission and relapse. There are usually no symptoms other than the unusual appearance of the tongue, but in some cases persons may experience pain or burning, e.g. when eating hot, acidic, spicy or other kinds of foods. Geographic tongue does not usually cause any symptoms, and in those cases where there are symptoms, an oral parafunctional habit may be a contributory factor. The condition may disappear over time, but it is impossible to predict if or when this may happen. Geographic tongue is a common condition, affecting 2-3% of the adult general population, although other sources report a prevalence of up to 14%. The condition often starts in childhood, sometimes at an early age, but others report that the highest incidence occurs in the over 40 age group.

• #1 What Foods Trigger Geographic Tongue?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_foods_trigger_geographic_tongue/article.htm

  By far, the most common symptom of geographic tongue is the red patches on the surface of your tongue. These often have slightly raised borders and recur at various places, creating a map-like appearance. […] Due to the lack of papillae, the patches might make you more sensitive to foods that contain large amounts of salt, spice, or acid. In some cases, this might even extend to sweets as well. The pain or discomfort usually manifests as similar to that of a scalded tongue. […] Currently, there is no cure for geographic tongue. The condition will heal on its own, although it might take years before it goes away completely. […] Nothing happens if geographic tongue goes untreated. As weve already mentioned, most doctors approach to this condition is to let it heal on its own. At worst, if it goes untreated, you might have to withstand temporary oversensitivity to certain foods that cause irritation.

• #1 Geographic tongue: Causes and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/what-can-you-do-to-avoid-or-get-rid-of-geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoohRk9Q_BdswXXblLmEbgIDGGkQiXX9hIpc0HGbt5Qte3HpPk8a

  In addition to the typical map-like appearance, many individuals with this condition complain of a burning sensation and, at times, may also experience pain when eating spicy, hot or acidic food. Since the patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae, the taste buds are less protected and therefore particularly sensitive. […] The smooth, red and irregularly shaped patches with a white border frequently change their location on the tongue. They can become larger, merge with adjacent lesions and also disappear again. […] Geographic tongue always gets better with time, not worse. However, it may appear again at any time, even after it has healed completely. […] Geographic tongue raises many questions: Currently, the causes of this condition remain unclear, and its course is unpredictable and varies significantly.

• #1 Geographic Tongue | What it is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments – KIN

  https://www.kin.es/en/patologias/lengua-geografica/

  In cases of more severe inflammation, complications may arise such as difficulty chewing and/or swallowing, difficulty in speaking, and difficulty breathing. […] The latter, due to airway obstruction caused by severe swelling of the tongue, usually develops during anaphylactic shock glossitis and represents a medical emergency.

• #1 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Nmek_gwf00Jbqdc3h3UVpN0mtRlQUdEpuAoaZBBkMymPG7f4

  Geographic tongue usually happens when there is an absence of papillae on the tongue, but the exact cause of this absence is still unknown by doctors and researchers. […] The common signs and symptoms of geographic tongue are usually uneven red patches which though chiefly appear on the tongue, but can also be found on the cheeks, on the roof of the mouth, on the gums, or even under the tongue. These include: Smooth, reddish-pink, irregularly shaped patches with a raised whitish border. Frequent changes in the size, shape and location of the lesions. Continued discomfort, pain or inflammation, while eating sugary, spicy or acidic foods as in the case of mouth ulcer. […] Although geographic tongue isn’t a severe health issue or a cancerous condition, yet if it is left untreated for a long time, it can cause anxiety. The appearance of the tongue can be quite embarrassing in public places and be a constant reminder of something unusual or discomforting.

• #1 Geographic tongue – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue is harmless, but its appearance may cause anxiety in those affected. […] Irregular, red, smooth patches on the dorsum of the tongue with a white border. […] May be sudden in onset and persist for months. […] Often asymptomatic some may experience irritation or a burning sensation when eating certain foods (spicy, acidic, hot, etc.). […] Geographic tongue is not curable. It usually requires no treatment, although if patients are symptomatic with burning/irritation then the following can be tried: Antihistamine or anaesthetic mouthwashes, Topical soluble corticosteroids (to use as mouth rinses), Avoid irritating food and drink (e.g. alcohol, hot foods, spicy foods, acidic foods).

• #1 Geographic Tongue – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.newmouth.com/oral-health/geographic-tongue/

  The symptoms and appearance of geographic tongue can last a few days to several months or years. Often, geographic tongue resolves spontaneously on its own in one area only to have another lesion appear in a different location. The lesions may disappear for some time before reoccurring later. […] Geographic tongue may last a long time or come and go in cycles. It may flare up during emotional stress or infection, but it has no long-term health complications. You can manage any symptoms with treatments from your doctor.

• #1 Geographic tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354401

  Your physician or dentist usually can diagnose geographic tongue by looking at your tongue and going over your symptoms. […] Some symptoms of geographic tongue may look like other conditions, such as oral lichen planus. […] Geographic tongue usually does not need any medical treatment. While geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain, it’s a harmless condition. […] Most people with geographic tongue don’t experience symptoms. But if you have symptoms, you may reduce pain by staying away from or limiting substances that commonly make sensitive oral tissues feel worse. […] Since geographic tongue comes and goes on its own, you may not be able to tell if treatments are making symptoms go away.

• #1 Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/702

  Geographic tongue appears as well-demarcated red areas of the dorsal and lateral tongue, with white scalloped borders. Its etiology is unknown and no treatment, other than symptomatic relief, is generally necessary. […] Geographic tongue is a common, benign clinical condition that predominantly affects the lateral margins, the tip, and the dorsal surface of the tongue. Rarely, it may occur at other sites within the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa, the labial mucosa, and the soft palate. Geographic tongue presents as well-delineated areas of erythema with raised white circinate edges. […] well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue) […] atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue) […] lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue) […] burning sensation (geographic tongue)

• #1 Paediatric geographic tongue (5year old boy): A case report with review of literature – JDPO

  https://www.jdpo.org/html-article/18143

  The Patient was asymptomatic and geographic tongue is self limiting, so patient was advised to maintain oral hygiene and take plenty of fluids. Also, the patients parents were told about the presence of permanent tooth buds. […] Although a biopsy may be necessary, the diagnosis is typically made clinically. The geographic tongue condition is still without a permanent remedy. Among the choices, corticosteroids are thought to be the most effective.

• #1 Geographic Tongue: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078465-overview

  Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) is a benign condition that occurs in up to 3% of the general population. Most often, patients are asymptomatic; however, some patients report increased sensitivity to hot and spicy foods. The classic manifestation of geographic tongue is an area of erythema, with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. The patient often reports spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area, with the return of normal tongue architecture, only to have another lesion appear in a different location of the tongue. Lesion activity in geographic tongue may wax and wane over time, and patients are occasionally free of lesions. […] Generally, medical intervention is unnecessary, because the lesion is benign and most often asymptomatic. However, there are some reports of benefit achieved with cyclosporine, antihistamines, retinoids, corticosteroids, or tacrolimus. […] Geographic tongue can affect all age groups; however, it is more predominant in adults than in children. Females have been reported to be affected twice as often as males. Exacerbations have been suggested to be related to hormonal factors. No racial or ethnic predilection has been reported.

• #1 Paediatric geographic tongue (5year old boy): A case report with review of literature – JDPO

  https://www.jdpo.org/html-article/18143

  Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. It is a benign, inflammatory condition that most frequently affects the tongue’s dorsum and may spread to its lateral edges. The loss of filiform papillae and thinning of the epithelium are represented by the erythematous patches. It can be asymptomatic or patient may complains of pain and burning sensation. […] Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. The paediatric population has a prevalence that ranges from 0.37 percent to 14.3 percent. The age range of 20 to 29 years old has the highest frequency, at roughly 39.4%. Geographic tongue has a slightly greater predilection for women than men. Geographic tongue’s aetiology is unclear, but in youngsters, environmental allergens may play a role. Other symptoms linked to this pathology include vitamin B deficiency, a food trigger like cheese, congenital abnormality, asthma, rhinitis, and systemic illnesses like psoriasis, anaemia, digestive problems, candidiasis, lichen planus, hormone imbalance, and psychological issues.

• #1 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21177-geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is a noncancerous condition that causes smooth reddish, patches on your tongue. Geographic tongue is benign, meaning it doesn’t spread. Geographic tongue isn’t painful and it’s not serious. But you should talk to a healthcare provider if you notice patches or other changes on your tongue. The most noticeable symptom is a pattern of smooth, reddish spots on your tongue with white or gray borders. People with geographic tongue have fewer papillae than normal. The patches may come and go. Other symptoms may include: A burning sensation: You may notice a stinging, tingling or burning sensation, especially when you eat spicy or acidic food or drink acidic beverages like orange or grapefruit juice. Swollen lymph nodes: You may have swollen lymph nodes in your lower jaw. No, it can’t be cured. Geographic tongue often goes away on its own without treatment, but it can come back. You can’t get rid of geographic tongue. But there are things you can do to ease its symptoms, including: Using a mouthwash with an antihistamine. Avoiding spicy foods. Some people have geographic tongue without having noticeable symptoms. When they do, symptoms include patches on their tongue and burning and tingling sensations, especially when they eat spicy or acidic foods. […] Geographic tongue is a noncancerous disorder that doesn’t become oral cancer.

• #2 Geographic tongue Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance. […] Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue, Patches that move from day to day, Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue, Soreness and burning pain (in some cases). […] The change in pattern on the surface of the tongue occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. These areas look flat as a result. The appearance of the tongue may change very quickly. The flat-looking areas may remain for more than a month. […] Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time.

• #2 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms. […] Geographic tongue can continue for days, months or years. The problem often goes away on its own, but it may appear again later. […] Geographic tongue is harmless, but it can sometimes be uncomfortable. It does not pose a threat to your health, cause long-term complications or raise your risk of major health problems.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  People who do notice symptoms may initially see signs on the tongue. These signs and symptoms are distinct, which often makes diagnosis easy for your doctor. […] The symptoms of geographic tongue include: irregular, island-shaped red lesions that are smooth and possibly sensitive; white or light-colored borders that may be slightly raised around the edges of the lesions; patches or lesions of varying sizes and shapes; patches or lesions that appear to migrate or move from one area of the tongue to another in a matter of days or weeks; patches that come and go very quickly; sensitivity to certain substances, including cigarette smoke, toothpaste, mouthwashes, sweets, sugar, and hot, spicy, or highly acidic foods; mild discomfort or burning sensations on the tongue or in the mouth. […] Symptoms can last as long as a year, and they may return at another point.

• #2 Geographic tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/geographic-tongue?content_id=CON-20199567

  Geographic tongue may look alarming, but it does not cause health issues. Sometimes it can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. […] Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms. […] Geographic tongue can continue for days, months or years. The problem often goes away on its own, but it may appear again later.

• #2 What is Geographic Tongue? – Oral-B

  https://oralb.com/en-us/oral-health/conditions/geographic-tongue

  The red patches can feel smooth, raw, and sensitive compared to other areas of the tongue. […] One of the main symptoms of geographic tongue is the absence of papillae in certain areas around the tongue, which will usually look red, smooth, and patchy. […] Around 1 in 10 patients report geographic tongue pain, including discomfort or pain on the tongue when eating spicy, acidic, or very sweet foods. You may notice a mild burning, stinging, or soreness on the geographic tongue red patches. This soreness on tongue should subside after some time, though it may flare up again in future. […] The symptoms of geographic tongue typically last for a few months, depending on the person though repeat flare ups may return at another point, too.

• #2 Geographic Tongue – Causes, Treatment and Symptoms | Oral-B UK

  https://www.oralb.co.uk/en-gb/oral-health/conditions/other-oral-health-conditions/geographic-tongue-causes-treatment-symptoms

  Around 1 in 10 patients report geographic tongue pain, including discomfort or pain on the tongue when eating spicy, acidic, or very sweet foods. You may notice a mild burning, stinging, or soreness on the geographic tongue red patches. This soreness on tongue should subside after some time, though it may flare up again in future. […] The symptoms of geographic tongue typically last for a few months, depending on the person though repeat flare ups may return at another point, too.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  Some people who experience a geographic tongue will also develop a fissured tongue. These two conditions occur together frequently. […] A fissured tongue causes cracks and grooves in the surface of the tongue. These indentations can be irritating and sometimes painful. […] Symptoms may appear for a few days and then disappear for several months. Likewise, the map-like appearance may be present for several months and then disappear for years. […] Doctors do not yet understand why some people have longer episodes, and they dont have any way of knowing who will experience the condition later. […] Most cases of geographic tongue will go away without treatment in a few days.

• #2 Geographic Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue (also known as benign migratory glossitis) is an inflammatory disorder that usually appears on the top and sides of the tongue. Typically, affected tongues have a bald, red area of varying sizes that is surrounded, at least in part, by an irregular white border. The appearance of the affected portion of the tongue results from loss of the finger-like and mushroom shaped projections (papilla) which normally cover the tongues surface. Geographic tongue is a fairly common condition. It can occur at any time in life, including childhood. It is estimated to affect from 1 – 2.5% of the population. In affected individuals geographic tongue tends to vary in color, shape and size — hence the name of the condition. Multiple affected areas are commonly found. Lesions may also completely disappear for a period of time and then reappear. Geographic tongue usually has no symptoms. In most cases, there is no need for treatment of this condition. Occasionally geographic tongue may cause a burning or smarting sensation of the tongue. In this situation, topical anesthetics can be used for surface numbing. Anti-inflammatory drugs (cortisonelike drugs) also may be prescribed to help control discomfort.

• #2 Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-022-02609-0

  In the present study, 4 participants associated the worsening of their signs and symptoms of GT with the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These signs and symptoms were generalized and were reported by patients as more intense and more frequent burning, spontaneous burning, itchy, and tongue bleeding. […] Recent studies have demonstrated the association of GT to the presence of anxiety, stress, and depression, corroborating the results of this study, where stress was statistically related to the worsening of the symptoms of geographic tongue. Furthermore, it was observed that younger patients were more susceptible to stress and, consequently, developed exacerbation or worsening of their symptoms.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #2 Geographic Tongue – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554466/

  Geographic tongue is a benign chronic relapsing recurring inflammatory condition of the oral cavity of unknown etiology. […] It usually manifests as asymptomatic erythematous and migratory circinate patches that give its characteristic appearance of a map. […] Depending on the individual, the lesion persists for a period of several days to weeks and then disappears and reappears in a different location. […] Geographic tongue undergoes periods of remission and exacerbation with varying shapes and sizes, giving it its migrating map-like pattern. […] Lesions can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as pain, burning sensation, stomatodynia, dysgeusia, sensitivity to hot, spicy, and sour food. […] Geographic tongue usually does not require any treatment if asymptomatic. […] For symptomatic lesions, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, cyclosporine, vitamin A, zinc, acetaminophen, topical tacrolimus have been shown to be effective. […] Geographic tongue is a benign usually asymptomatic condition with a good prognosis. […] Geographic tongue usually does not have any complications.

• #2 Geographic tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354401

  Your physician or dentist usually can diagnose geographic tongue by looking at your tongue and going over your symptoms. […] Some symptoms of geographic tongue may look like other conditions, such as oral lichen planus. […] Geographic tongue usually does not need any medical treatment. While geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain, it’s a harmless condition. […] Most people with geographic tongue don’t experience symptoms. But if you have symptoms, you may reduce pain by staying away from or limiting substances that commonly make sensitive oral tissues feel worse. […] Since geographic tongue comes and goes on its own, you may not be able to tell if treatments are making symptoms go away.

• #2 What Foods Trigger Geographic Tongue?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_foods_trigger_geographic_tongue/article.htm

  By far, the most common symptom of geographic tongue is the red patches on the surface of your tongue. These often have slightly raised borders and recur at various places, creating a map-like appearance. […] Due to the lack of papillae, the patches might make you more sensitive to foods that contain large amounts of salt, spice, or acid. In some cases, this might even extend to sweets as well. The pain or discomfort usually manifests as similar to that of a scalded tongue. […] Currently, there is no cure for geographic tongue. The condition will heal on its own, although it might take years before it goes away completely. […] Nothing happens if geographic tongue goes untreated. As weve already mentioned, most doctors approach to this condition is to let it heal on its own. At worst, if it goes untreated, you might have to withstand temporary oversensitivity to certain foods that cause irritation.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms & Care | Oral Care

  https://sherwoodparkdental.ca/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care/

  The exact cause of migratory glossitis is not known, but according to the National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD), the map-like appearance of the tongue is the result of inflammation. Normally, the tongue is covered with a layer of tiny bumps called papillae, but if for some reason any of these finger-like projections are lost, those areas of the tongue will be smooth and red with slightly raised borders. These affected areas may change in size and location daily, making the tongue look different each time you look at it. […] Although geographic tongue can persist for weeks, in most cases there is no discomfort and no treatment is necessary. But can vary from patient to patient, your dentist can help monitor this for you as well. […] The National Institutes of Healths Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center says that about 5% of people with geographic tongue are bothered by pain or sensitivity, especially when eating spicy or acidic foods. If your tongue is painful, easily irritated by certain foods and drinks, or has become severely swollen (interfering with eating, speaking or swallowing) see your dentist right away. Make an appointment with a dentist any time you have a lesion on your tongue that doesnt go away within 10 days, advises the Mayo Clinic, to rule out anything serious. […] In painful situations, your doctor or dentist may recommend using anti-inflammatory drugs to help alleviate discomfort. For milder burning or sensitivity issues, avoiding hot spicy foods and alcohol may be advised, says the National Institutes of Health.

• #2 Oral Health Considerations for Geographic Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/oral-health-considerations-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign oral mucosal lesion that usually affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The disease is characterized by alternating activity, remission, and reactivation at various locations of the tongue. […] GT lesions present as multiple, well demarcated areas of erythema, surrounded by a white, serpiginous, hyperkeratotic elevated border. There is atrophy of the filiform papillae. The characteristic pattern reported by patients is spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area with return of normal tongue architecture, followed by another lesion appearing in a different location of the tongue. This pattern of resolution and recurrence to a new location on the tongue is what led to the migratory name. Lesions may change in location, pattern, and size, and occur on other mucosal surfaces, including the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Lesions can last up to 2 weeks.

• #2 Geographic tongue

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=141&pid=1&gid=001049

  Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance. […] The change in pattern on the surface of the tongue occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. These areas look flat as a result. The appearance of the tongue may change very quickly. The flat-looking areas may remain for more than a month. […] Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue, Patches that move from day to day, Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue, Soreness and burning pain (in some cases). […] Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time.

• #2 Geographic tongue (Benign migratory glossitis): An Overview with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is a benign oral inflammatory condition characterised by loss of epithelium, particularly of the filiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue. […] Geographic tongue is characterised by irregularly-shaped, red, map-like, smooth and swollen patches surrounded by white lines. Geographic tongue can occur suddenly and persist for months or longer, and may often recur. […] Most often there are no symptoms but burning or irritation of the tongue are common, particularly when eating hot, spicy and acidic food. […] The outcome of geographic tongue is good. In most cases, it resolves over time without treatment.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078465-overview

  Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) is a benign condition that occurs in up to 3% of the general population. Most often, patients are asymptomatic; however, some patients report increased sensitivity to hot and spicy foods. The classic manifestation of geographic tongue is an area of erythema, with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. The patient often reports spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area, with the return of normal tongue architecture, only to have another lesion appear in a different location of the tongue. Lesion activity in geographic tongue may wax and wane over time, and patients are occasionally free of lesions. […] Generally, medical intervention is unnecessary, because the lesion is benign and most often asymptomatic. However, there are some reports of benefit achieved with cyclosporine, antihistamines, retinoids, corticosteroids, or tacrolimus. […] Geographic tongue can affect all age groups; however, it is more predominant in adults than in children. Females have been reported to be affected twice as often as males. Exacerbations have been suggested to be related to hormonal factors. No racial or ethnic predilection has been reported.

• #2 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergies or atopy may be conditions underlying the occurrence of GT, as in this patient. […] The patients history, serum levels of total IgE, and prick testing have indicated an association between GT and allergies. […] In this case, GT was triggered by allergies, supported by blood test results showing an elevated eosinophil count of 4%, a total IgE of 698 IU/mL (six times the standard value), and a positive prick test for chili. […] Symptomatic GT may interfere with quality of life, as the patient needs to be constantly vigilant about the foods she consumes. Therefore, identifying risk factors is required to improve the quality of life for GT patients. […] The pathogenesis of GT is related to epithelial turnover through desquamation and keratinization processes. […] GT is generally asymptomatic, but some patients with GT may experience symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching of the tongue.

• #2

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] This condition is called geographic tongue because the patches make your tongue look like a map. The patches often appear in one area and then move to a different part of the tongue. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms.

• #2 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Geographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike structures on your tongue’s surface. These structures are called papillae. The loss of these papillae appears as smooth, red patches of different shapes and sizes. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. These papillae are actually fine, hairlike structures. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets.

• #2 Geographic Tongue | What it is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments – KIN

  https://www.kin.es/en/patologias/lengua-geografica/

  Benign migratory glossitis, commonly known as „geographic tongue”, is a chronic or acute inflammation of the tongue that appears discolored, swollen and painful to the point of making activities such as chewing, speaking or even breathing difficult. […] This disease is recurrent in the sense that it tends to heal, but, after some time, it may reappear in the same location or in other parts of the tongue. […] Geographic tongue is mostly asymptomatic, although about one in ten sufferers show a special sensitivity to the consumption of spicy and acidic foods. […] Symptoms of mapping tongue usually last for a few months, depending on the individual. However, future flare-ups are also possible. […] The patient may experience some discomfort after ingestion of alcohol or spicy, acidic, salty and/or spicy foods.

• #2 Geographic Tongue | What it is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments – KIN

  https://www.kin.es/en/patologias/lengua-geografica/

  In cases of more severe inflammation, complications may arise such as difficulty chewing and/or swallowing, difficulty in speaking, and difficulty breathing. […] The latter, due to airway obstruction caused by severe swelling of the tongue, usually develops during anaphylactic shock glossitis and represents a medical emergency.

• #2 Geographic tongue – Skin Deep

  https://dftbskindeep.com/all-diagnoses/geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue is harmless, but its appearance may cause anxiety in those affected. […] Irregular, red, smooth patches on the dorsum of the tongue with a white border. […] May be sudden in onset and persist for months. […] Often asymptomatic some may experience irritation or a burning sensation when eating certain foods (spicy, acidic, hot, etc.). […] Geographic tongue is not curable. It usually requires no treatment, although if patients are symptomatic with burning/irritation then the following can be tried: Antihistamine or anaesthetic mouthwashes, Topical soluble corticosteroids (to use as mouth rinses), Avoid irritating food and drink (e.g. alcohol, hot foods, spicy foods, acidic foods).

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Nmek_gwf00Jbqdc3h3UVpN0mtRlQUdEpuAoaZBBkMymPG7f4

  Geographic tongue usually happens when there is an absence of papillae on the tongue, but the exact cause of this absence is still unknown by doctors and researchers. […] The common signs and symptoms of geographic tongue are usually uneven red patches which though chiefly appear on the tongue, but can also be found on the cheeks, on the roof of the mouth, on the gums, or even under the tongue. These include: Smooth, reddish-pink, irregularly shaped patches with a raised whitish border. Frequent changes in the size, shape and location of the lesions. Continued discomfort, pain or inflammation, while eating sugary, spicy or acidic foods as in the case of mouth ulcer. […] Although geographic tongue isn’t a severe health issue or a cancerous condition, yet if it is left untreated for a long time, it can cause anxiety. The appearance of the tongue can be quite embarrassing in public places and be a constant reminder of something unusual or discomforting.

• #2 Geographic Tongue – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.newmouth.com/oral-health/geographic-tongue/

  The symptoms and appearance of geographic tongue can last a few days to several months or years. Often, geographic tongue resolves spontaneously on its own in one area only to have another lesion appear in a different location. The lesions may disappear for some time before reoccurring later. […] Geographic tongue may last a long time or come and go in cycles. It may flare up during emotional stress or infection, but it has no long-term health complications. You can manage any symptoms with treatments from your doctor.

• #2 Glossitis: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23987-glossitis

  Geographic tongue causes patches of missing papillae and smooth, map-like red lesions. Though the condition is inflammatory, its completely harmless. […] Glossitis symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over a long period of time. […] Once treated, glossitis should go away within a few days. If your symptoms last longer than 10 days, contact your healthcare provider for further instructions. […] If you have chronic or recurring glossitis, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to manage your symptoms during flare-ups.

• #2 Geographic tongue | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/83/8/565

  A previously healthy 35-year-old woman presented with reddish discoloration of her tongue for the past 7 days, accompanied by mild soreness over the area when eating spicy foods. The lesion had also changed shape repeatedly. […] These findings were suggestive of geographic tongue, a benign, self-limiting inflammation. […] Geographic tongue has a remitting and relapsing course with no complications or permanent sequelae. […] The condition is differentiated from oral candidiasis by its presence in an otherwise healthy person and by the changing pattern of the lesions over time. […] Reassurance is the main treatment.

• #2 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is a common condition. It appears on the top and sides of the tongue, and sometimes on the under-surface. The tongue develops irregular, smooth, red areas, which may look like the outline of a map. There are usually wavy white lines next to the red patches. […] You may notice that after a few weeks or months the position of these lines and red patches changes. […] The red areas, because they are thin, can sometimes become infected with thrush (candida) and so feel sore. Thrush is very common in mouths. […] As the red patches are thin and raw, they tend to be painful when you eat acidic things like citrus fruit or spicy foods – especially chillies. However, these do not make the condition itself worse. […] Unfortunately, there is no treatment. Sometimes treatments for thrush can ease the discomfort (for example, miconazole gel). You can buy these at the pharmacist. […] Geographic tongue will never become cancerous, but you will have to learn to live with it. You will need to work out for yourself which foods make it worse, and avoid them.

• #2 Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/702

  Geographic tongue appears as well-demarcated red areas of the dorsal and lateral tongue, with white scalloped borders. Its etiology is unknown and no treatment, other than symptomatic relief, is generally necessary. […] Geographic tongue is a common, benign clinical condition that predominantly affects the lateral margins, the tip, and the dorsal surface of the tongue. Rarely, it may occur at other sites within the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa, the labial mucosa, and the soft palate. Geographic tongue presents as well-delineated areas of erythema with raised white circinate edges. […] well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue) […] atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue) […] lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue) […] burning sensation (geographic tongue)

• #2 My tongue hurts | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-5026-8

  Geographic tongue is common, rarely symptomatic and not potentially malignant. […] Erythema migrans (geographic tongue) is common, affects all genders and ethnicities and probably arises in childhood or early adulthood. […] The working diagnosis of the red patches and fissuring of the tongue was erythema migrans (geographic tongue), while the working diagnosis of the burning sensation of the tongue and dysgeusia was burning mouth syndrome (BMS). […] This disorder is not due to fungal infection, is not potentially malignant and not related to acute or long COVID disease.

• #2 Geographic Tongue – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/geographic-tongue.html

  GT is a condition that causes lesions to form on your tongue. This makes your tongue look like a map. The lesions stay on your tongue from several days to weeks. The lesions come and go in different areas of the tongue. […] You may not have any other symptoms than the lesions on your tongue. Lesions are smooth areas with white, raised borders. The lesions are different shapes and sizes. You may have discomfort when you eat or drink spicy, salty, or acidic foods or drinks. […] You cannot eat because of your pain. […] You have lesions that last for more than 10 days.

• #2 Geographic Tongue: Signs and Causes | Colgate® Oral Care

  https://www.colgate.com/en-my/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue–causes–symptoms-and-care

  NORD reports that migratory glossitis occurs in about 3 percent of the population, with females being more prone to it than males. It also affects younger adults more frequently. It seems to run in families, so there may be a genetic link. People with a fissured tongue, a condition where the tongue is deeply grooved and has a wrinkled appearance, may also have a higher risk of developing this migratory glossitis, as can those who have a vitamin B deficiency or have the inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis. […] Geographic tongue cannot be prevented or cured. Always keep your mouth clean, stay away from irritating foods and appreciate how special you are to have such a unique but harmless condition that not many people have experienced!.

• #2 Paediatric geographic tongue (5year old boy): A case report with review of literature – JDPO

  https://www.jdpo.org/html-article/18143

  Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. It is a benign, inflammatory condition that most frequently affects the tongue’s dorsum and may spread to its lateral edges. The loss of filiform papillae and thinning of the epithelium are represented by the erythematous patches. It can be asymptomatic or patient may complains of pain and burning sensation. […] Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. The paediatric population has a prevalence that ranges from 0.37 percent to 14.3 percent. The age range of 20 to 29 years old has the highest frequency, at roughly 39.4%. Geographic tongue has a slightly greater predilection for women than men. Geographic tongue’s aetiology is unclear, but in youngsters, environmental allergens may play a role. Other symptoms linked to this pathology include vitamin B deficiency, a food trigger like cheese, congenital abnormality, asthma, rhinitis, and systemic illnesses like psoriasis, anaemia, digestive problems, candidiasis, lichen planus, hormone imbalance, and psychological issues.

• #2 Celiac Disease and Geographic Tongue | BeyondCeliac.org

  https://www.beyondceliac.org/celiac-disease/related-conditions/geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue, also known as migratory glossitis, is a harmless inflammatory condition characterized by “bald patches” on the tongue. It doesn’t have many symptoms and isn’t associated with infections, nor is it contagious. […] As mentioned, there are few symptoms associated with this condition. Those with a geographic tongue may experience a mild stinging or burning sensation when they eat food, and they tend to be more sensitive to spicy and acidic foods. […] There is little research into this condition, but one study did find that 15% of those with geographic tongue tested positive for celiac disease. This is higher than the ~1% of the general population that develops celiac disease, suggesting a connection between the two conditions. […] There are few treatments for geographic tongue as it is a benign condition that rarely interferes with daily life. Some individuals may choose to eliminate spicy, acidic or particularly salty foods from their diet, as these flavors can be painful for someone with a geographic tongue.

• #2 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Clinical improvement was observed after one week, marked by a decrease in severity as measured by the GTASI from a score of 12 (moderate GT) to 0.4 (mild GT) and a decrease in NRS from 6 (moderate pain) to 0 (no pain). […] GT is a typically harmless condition that is often asymptomatic and does not require any specific treatment. […] GT patients also should avoid trigger factors (allergens) or certain foods such as chili, dried salted nuts, kiwi, tomatoes, pineapples, spicy, sour, hot foods, cigarettes or tobacco, and alcohol. […] There are no specific pharmacological interventions for the treatment of symptomatic GT. However, by understanding the pathogenesis of GT, the basis for the use of steroids as the first line of treatment aims to reduce symptoms.

• #3 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  People who do notice symptoms may initially see signs on the tongue. These signs and symptoms are distinct, which often makes diagnosis easy for your doctor. […] The symptoms of geographic tongue include: irregular, island-shaped red lesions that are smooth and possibly sensitive; white or light-colored borders that may be slightly raised around the edges of the lesions; patches or lesions of varying sizes and shapes; patches or lesions that appear to migrate or move from one area of the tongue to another in a matter of days or weeks; patches that come and go very quickly; sensitivity to certain substances, including cigarette smoke, toothpaste, mouthwashes, sweets, sugar, and hot, spicy, or highly acidic foods; mild discomfort or burning sensations on the tongue or in the mouth. […] Symptoms can last as long as a year, and they may return at another point.

• #3 Geographic Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue (also known as benign migratory glossitis) is an inflammatory disorder that usually appears on the top and sides of the tongue. Typically, affected tongues have a bald, red area of varying sizes that is surrounded, at least in part, by an irregular white border. The appearance of the affected portion of the tongue results from loss of the finger-like and mushroom shaped projections (papilla) which normally cover the tongues surface. Geographic tongue is a fairly common condition. It can occur at any time in life, including childhood. It is estimated to affect from 1 – 2.5% of the population. In affected individuals geographic tongue tends to vary in color, shape and size — hence the name of the condition. Multiple affected areas are commonly found. Lesions may also completely disappear for a period of time and then reappear. Geographic tongue usually has no symptoms. In most cases, there is no need for treatment of this condition. Occasionally geographic tongue may cause a burning or smarting sensation of the tongue. In this situation, topical anesthetics can be used for surface numbing. Anti-inflammatory drugs (cortisonelike drugs) also may be prescribed to help control discomfort.

• #3 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Geographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike structures on your tongue’s surface. These structures are called papillae. The loss of these papillae appears as smooth, red patches of different shapes and sizes. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. These papillae are actually fine, hairlike structures. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets.

• #3 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/geographic-tongue

  Some people who experience a geographic tongue will also develop a fissured tongue. These two conditions occur together frequently. […] A fissured tongue causes cracks and grooves in the surface of the tongue. These indentations can be irritating and sometimes painful. […] Symptoms may appear for a few days and then disappear for several months. Likewise, the map-like appearance may be present for several months and then disappear for years. […] Doctors do not yet understand why some people have longer episodes, and they dont have any way of knowing who will experience the condition later. […] Most cases of geographic tongue will go away without treatment in a few days.

• #3 Geographic tongue: Causes, pictures, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319342

  Left untreated, most cases of geographic tongue clear up on their own with no medical intervention. […] Even after being treated, the symptoms of geographic tongue may return after some time. […] The appearance of the tongue and mild discomfort are often the biggest concerns a person may have. In most cases, the patches eventually clear with no intervention.

• #3 Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-022-02609-0

  In the present study, 4 participants associated the worsening of their signs and symptoms of GT with the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These signs and symptoms were generalized and were reported by patients as more intense and more frequent burning, spontaneous burning, itchy, and tongue bleeding. […] Recent studies have demonstrated the association of GT to the presence of anxiety, stress, and depression, corroborating the results of this study, where stress was statistically related to the worsening of the symptoms of geographic tongue. Furthermore, it was observed that younger patients were more susceptible to stress and, consequently, developed exacerbation or worsening of their symptoms.

• #3 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #3 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Clinical improvement was observed after one week, marked by a decrease in severity as measured by the GTASI from a score of 12 (moderate GT) to 0.4 (mild GT) and a decrease in NRS from 6 (moderate pain) to 0 (no pain). […] GT is a typically harmless condition that is often asymptomatic and does not require any specific treatment. […] GT patients also should avoid trigger factors (allergens) or certain foods such as chili, dried salted nuts, kiwi, tomatoes, pineapples, spicy, sour, hot foods, cigarettes or tobacco, and alcohol. […] There are no specific pharmacological interventions for the treatment of symptomatic GT. However, by understanding the pathogenesis of GT, the basis for the use of steroids as the first line of treatment aims to reduce symptoms.

• #3 Geographic Tongue – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/geographic-tongue.html

  GT is a condition that causes lesions to form on your tongue. This makes your tongue look like a map. The lesions stay on your tongue from several days to weeks. The lesions come and go in different areas of the tongue. […] You may not have any other symptoms than the lesions on your tongue. Lesions are smooth areas with white, raised borders. The lesions are different shapes and sizes. You may have discomfort when you eat or drink spicy, salty, or acidic foods or drinks. […] You cannot eat because of your pain. […] You have lesions that last for more than 10 days.

• #3 Oral Health Considerations for Geographic Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/oral-health-considerations-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign oral mucosal lesion that usually affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The disease is characterized by alternating activity, remission, and reactivation at various locations of the tongue. […] GT lesions present as multiple, well demarcated areas of erythema, surrounded by a white, serpiginous, hyperkeratotic elevated border. There is atrophy of the filiform papillae. The characteristic pattern reported by patients is spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area with return of normal tongue architecture, followed by another lesion appearing in a different location of the tongue. This pattern of resolution and recurrence to a new location on the tongue is what led to the migratory name. Lesions may change in location, pattern, and size, and occur on other mucosal surfaces, including the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Lesions can last up to 2 weeks.

• #3 Geographic Tongue: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078465-overview

  Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) is a benign condition that occurs in up to 3% of the general population. Most often, patients are asymptomatic; however, some patients report increased sensitivity to hot and spicy foods. The classic manifestation of geographic tongue is an area of erythema, with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. The patient often reports spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area, with the return of normal tongue architecture, only to have another lesion appear in a different location of the tongue. Lesion activity in geographic tongue may wax and wane over time, and patients are occasionally free of lesions. […] Generally, medical intervention is unnecessary, because the lesion is benign and most often asymptomatic. However, there are some reports of benefit achieved with cyclosporine, antihistamines, retinoids, corticosteroids, or tacrolimus. […] Geographic tongue can affect all age groups; however, it is more predominant in adults than in children. Females have been reported to be affected twice as often as males. Exacerbations have been suggested to be related to hormonal factors. No racial or ethnic predilection has been reported.

• #3 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a chronic tongue condition triggered by various factors such as immune reactions, allergies, stress, hereditary factors, and nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of GT in the population ranges from 1% to 3%, and its symptoms can cause discomfort to patients. […] A 19-year-old female patient complained of a rough and sore dorsal tongue for a year, particularly after consuming spicy food. […] The diagnosis of chili-induced GT was made. […] One week after treatment, clinical improvement was observed. Severity decreased on the Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index (GTASI) from 12 (moderate) to 0.4 (mild). Pain decreased from 6 to 0 on the numerical rating scale (NRS). […] Management of symptomatic GT includes the avoidance of allergens such as chilies and appropriate pharmacological therapy. The identification of risk factors is required for effective management.

• #3 Geographic tongue: Causes and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/what-can-you-do-to-avoid-or-get-rid-of-geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoohRk9Q_BdswXXblLmEbgIDGGkQiXX9hIpc0HGbt5Qte3HpPk8a

  Geographic tongue (also referred to as „lingua geographica”) is not a disease but merely a benign variation in appearance of the top of the tongue. Inflammation spreads in the form of smooth, red irregularly shaped lesions on your tongue, usually with slightly raised edges and white borders that resemble small islands and give the tongue a map-like, or geographic, appearance. In this case, the tiny bumps (papillae) that normally cover the surface of the tongue are missing. The location of the reddish lesions changes every few days. […] When it comes to the duration of this condition, individuals affected by it have reported a wide range of experiences: In most cases, geographic tongue resolves after a certain period of time sometimes several months. Although, it may appear again at a later time.

• #3 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergies or atopy may be conditions underlying the occurrence of GT, as in this patient. […] The patients history, serum levels of total IgE, and prick testing have indicated an association between GT and allergies. […] In this case, GT was triggered by allergies, supported by blood test results showing an elevated eosinophil count of 4%, a total IgE of 698 IU/mL (six times the standard value), and a positive prick test for chili. […] Symptomatic GT may interfere with quality of life, as the patient needs to be constantly vigilant about the foods she consumes. Therefore, identifying risk factors is required to improve the quality of life for GT patients. […] The pathogenesis of GT is related to epithelial turnover through desquamation and keratinization processes. […] GT is generally asymptomatic, but some patients with GT may experience symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching of the tongue.

• #3 Geographic Tongue | What it is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments – KIN

  https://www.kin.es/en/patologias/lengua-geografica/

  In cases of more severe inflammation, complications may arise such as difficulty chewing and/or swallowing, difficulty in speaking, and difficulty breathing. […] The latter, due to airway obstruction caused by severe swelling of the tongue, usually develops during anaphylactic shock glossitis and represents a medical emergency.

• #3 Geographic tongue – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_tongue

  Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time. The lesions usually change in shape and size, and migrate to other areas, sometimes within hours. The condition goes through periods of remission and relapse. There are usually no symptoms other than the unusual appearance of the tongue, but in some cases persons may experience pain or burning, e.g. when eating hot, acidic, spicy or other kinds of foods. Geographic tongue does not usually cause any symptoms, and in those cases where there are symptoms, an oral parafunctional habit may be a contributory factor. The condition may disappear over time, but it is impossible to predict if or when this may happen. Geographic tongue is a common condition, affecting 2-3% of the adult general population, although other sources report a prevalence of up to 14%. The condition often starts in childhood, sometimes at an early age, but others report that the highest incidence occurs in the over 40 age group.

• #3 Glossitis: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23987-glossitis

  Geographic tongue causes patches of missing papillae and smooth, map-like red lesions. Though the condition is inflammatory, its completely harmless. […] Glossitis symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over a long period of time. […] Once treated, glossitis should go away within a few days. If your symptoms last longer than 10 days, contact your healthcare provider for further instructions. […] If you have chronic or recurring glossitis, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to manage your symptoms during flare-ups.

• #3 Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/702

  Geographic tongue appears as well-demarcated red areas of the dorsal and lateral tongue, with white scalloped borders. Its etiology is unknown and no treatment, other than symptomatic relief, is generally necessary. […] Geographic tongue is a common, benign clinical condition that predominantly affects the lateral margins, the tip, and the dorsal surface of the tongue. Rarely, it may occur at other sites within the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa, the labial mucosa, and the soft palate. Geographic tongue presents as well-delineated areas of erythema with raised white circinate edges. […] well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue) […] atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue) […] lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue) […] burning sensation (geographic tongue)

• #3 My tongue hurts | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-5026-8

  Geographic tongue is common, rarely symptomatic and not potentially malignant. […] Erythema migrans (geographic tongue) is common, affects all genders and ethnicities and probably arises in childhood or early adulthood. […] The working diagnosis of the red patches and fissuring of the tongue was erythema migrans (geographic tongue), while the working diagnosis of the burning sensation of the tongue and dysgeusia was burning mouth syndrome (BMS). […] This disorder is not due to fungal infection, is not potentially malignant and not related to acute or long COVID disease.

• #3 Geographic Tongue: Signs and Causes | Colgate® Oral Care

  https://www.colgate.com/en-my/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue–causes–symptoms-and-care

  NORD reports that migratory glossitis occurs in about 3 percent of the population, with females being more prone to it than males. It also affects younger adults more frequently. It seems to run in families, so there may be a genetic link. People with a fissured tongue, a condition where the tongue is deeply grooved and has a wrinkled appearance, may also have a higher risk of developing this migratory glossitis, as can those who have a vitamin B deficiency or have the inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis. […] Geographic tongue cannot be prevented or cured. Always keep your mouth clean, stay away from irritating foods and appreciate how special you are to have such a unique but harmless condition that not many people have experienced!.

• #3 Paediatric geographic tongue (5year old boy): A case report with review of literature – JDPO

  https://www.jdpo.org/html-article/18143

  Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. It is a benign, inflammatory condition that most frequently affects the tongue’s dorsum and may spread to its lateral edges. The loss of filiform papillae and thinning of the epithelium are represented by the erythematous patches. It can be asymptomatic or patient may complains of pain and burning sensation. […] Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. The paediatric population has a prevalence that ranges from 0.37 percent to 14.3 percent. The age range of 20 to 29 years old has the highest frequency, at roughly 39.4%. Geographic tongue has a slightly greater predilection for women than men. Geographic tongue’s aetiology is unclear, but in youngsters, environmental allergens may play a role. Other symptoms linked to this pathology include vitamin B deficiency, a food trigger like cheese, congenital abnormality, asthma, rhinitis, and systemic illnesses like psoriasis, anaemia, digestive problems, candidiasis, lichen planus, hormone imbalance, and psychological issues.

• #4 What Is Geographic Tongue? | Omega Dental Houston TXMenu

  https://omegadentists.com/blog/what-is-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue can be difficult to spot, in part because many sufferers demonstrate no clear symptoms. If symptoms do appear, they typically involve small, irregularly shaped lesions on the top or sides of the tongue. These patches appear in map-like formations; this accounts for the condition’s “geographic” name. […] Lesions brought on by geographic tongue are smooth and red, but some may be pink or even white. Occasionally, lesions are surrounded by white, gray, or yellow borders. Patches may regularly change in size or shape. These shifts can occur within a matter of hours. The location of the lesions may also shift frequently, with patches beginning on the top of the tongue and spreading to the sides, or vice versa. In select cases, lesions may spread to cover the entire dorsal side of the tongue.

• #4 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms & Relief | Curex

  https://getcurex.com/symptom/geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoq_Us0XaM-INe8kpe3N7yO7cQDeb54EjXVe_bwCJqArzrqW3tVX

  Some individuals may experience tongue discomfort or sensitivity, especially when consuming certain foods. […] A burning feeling may occur on the tongue, often exacerbated by eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Sensitivity to hot, spicy, or acidic foods can be heightened, leading to discomfort. […] Changes in taste perception may occur, contributing to an altered taste experience. […] Mild swelling of the tongue may be observed, although it is not always present. […] The presence of deep grooves or fissures on the tongue’s surface can coexist with geographic tongue. […] Geographic tongue is a benign condition that affects the surface of your tongue. It is characterized by red, map-like patches on your tongue surface, which can change positions over time. Although it is usually not painful, it can be uncomfortable and cause increased sensitivity to certain substances.

• #4 Geographic tongue: Causes, pictures, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319342

  Left untreated, most cases of geographic tongue clear up on their own with no medical intervention. […] Even after being treated, the symptoms of geographic tongue may return after some time. […] The appearance of the tongue and mild discomfort are often the biggest concerns a person may have. In most cases, the patches eventually clear with no intervention.

• #4 Stress as worsening of the signs and symptoms of the geographic tongue during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9719625/

  Geographic Tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the loss of epithelium due to the atrophy of filiform papillae. It usually occurs on the dorsum of the tongue and may extend to its lateral edges. It appears as an erythematous area surrounded by whitish and slightly elevated margins. In most cases, the condition is asymptomatic, although some individuals may report symptoms that include a burning sensation of the tongue. […] Younger patients showed a worsening of the oral lesions related to GT and reported stress during the pandemic. […] Younger patients were more susceptible to stress and presented more exacerbation of the oral lesions related to GT. […] In the present study, 4 participants associated the worsening of their signs and symptoms of GT with the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These signs and symptoms were generalized and were reported by patients as more intense and more frequent burning, spontaneous burning, itchy, and tongue bleeding.

• #4 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #4

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] This condition is called geographic tongue because the patches make your tongue look like a map. The patches often appear in one area and then move to a different part of the tongue. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms.

• #4 Geographic Tongue | What it is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatments – KIN

  https://www.kin.es/en/patologias/lengua-geografica/

  In cases of more severe inflammation, complications may arise such as difficulty chewing and/or swallowing, difficulty in speaking, and difficulty breathing. […] The latter, due to airway obstruction caused by severe swelling of the tongue, usually develops during anaphylactic shock glossitis and represents a medical emergency.

• #4 Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is a condition that causes red patches to form on your tongue or in other areas of your mouth. […] The patches can come and go and change shape. Their duration can range from a few days to several years. […] The main symptom of geographic tongue is the presence of uneven red patches on the top, sides, and underside of your tongue. […] It’s not common, but some people with geographic tongue might have a burning or painful feeling. […] You might also have swollen lymph nodes under your jaw. […] Any pain or discomfort will probably get better on its own. But if you have severe, constant pain, medication can help.

• #4 Oral Health Considerations for Geographic Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/oral-health-considerations-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign oral mucosal lesion that usually affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The disease is characterized by alternating activity, remission, and reactivation at various locations of the tongue. […] GT lesions present as multiple, well demarcated areas of erythema, surrounded by a white, serpiginous, hyperkeratotic elevated border. There is atrophy of the filiform papillae. The characteristic pattern reported by patients is spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area with return of normal tongue architecture, followed by another lesion appearing in a different location of the tongue. This pattern of resolution and recurrence to a new location on the tongue is what led to the migratory name. Lesions may change in location, pattern, and size, and occur on other mucosal surfaces, including the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Lesions can last up to 2 weeks.

• #4 Geographic tongue

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=141&pid=1&gid=001049

  Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance. […] The change in pattern on the surface of the tongue occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. These areas look flat as a result. The appearance of the tongue may change very quickly. The flat-looking areas may remain for more than a month. […] Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue, Patches that move from day to day, Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue, Soreness and burning pain (in some cases). […] Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time.

• #4 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Clinical improvement was observed after one week, marked by a decrease in severity as measured by the GTASI from a score of 12 (moderate GT) to 0.4 (mild GT) and a decrease in NRS from 6 (moderate pain) to 0 (no pain). […] GT is a typically harmless condition that is often asymptomatic and does not require any specific treatment. […] GT patients also should avoid trigger factors (allergens) or certain foods such as chili, dried salted nuts, kiwi, tomatoes, pineapples, spicy, sour, hot foods, cigarettes or tobacco, and alcohol. […] There are no specific pharmacological interventions for the treatment of symptomatic GT. However, by understanding the pathogenesis of GT, the basis for the use of steroids as the first line of treatment aims to reduce symptoms.

• #4 Geographic tongue – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_tongue

  Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of lingual papillae) which migrate over time. The lesions usually change in shape and size, and migrate to other areas, sometimes within hours. The condition goes through periods of remission and relapse. There are usually no symptoms other than the unusual appearance of the tongue, but in some cases persons may experience pain or burning, e.g. when eating hot, acidic, spicy or other kinds of foods. Geographic tongue does not usually cause any symptoms, and in those cases where there are symptoms, an oral parafunctional habit may be a contributory factor. The condition may disappear over time, but it is impossible to predict if or when this may happen. Geographic tongue is a common condition, affecting 2-3% of the adult general population, although other sources report a prevalence of up to 14%. The condition often starts in childhood, sometimes at an early age, but others report that the highest incidence occurs in the over 40 age group.

• #4 Geographic tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396

  Geographic tongue results from the loss of tiny hairlike structures on your tongue’s surface. These structures are called papillae. The loss of these papillae appears as smooth, red patches of different shapes and sizes. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. These papillae are actually fine, hairlike structures. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets.

• #4 Geographic tongue | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/83/8/565

  A previously healthy 35-year-old woman presented with reddish discoloration of her tongue for the past 7 days, accompanied by mild soreness over the area when eating spicy foods. The lesion had also changed shape repeatedly. […] These findings were suggestive of geographic tongue, a benign, self-limiting inflammation. […] Geographic tongue has a remitting and relapsing course with no complications or permanent sequelae. […] The condition is differentiated from oral candidiasis by its presence in an otherwise healthy person and by the changing pattern of the lesions over time. […] Reassurance is the main treatment.

• #4 Geographic tongue: Causes and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/what-can-you-do-to-avoid-or-get-rid-of-geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoohRk9Q_BdswXXblLmEbgIDGGkQiXX9hIpc0HGbt5Qte3HpPk8a

  In addition to the typical map-like appearance, many individuals with this condition complain of a burning sensation and, at times, may also experience pain when eating spicy, hot or acidic food. Since the patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae, the taste buds are less protected and therefore particularly sensitive. […] The smooth, red and irregularly shaped patches with a white border frequently change their location on the tongue. They can become larger, merge with adjacent lesions and also disappear again. […] Geographic tongue always gets better with time, not worse. However, it may appear again at any time, even after it has healed completely. […] Geographic tongue raises many questions: Currently, the causes of this condition remain unclear, and its course is unpredictable and varies significantly.

• #4 My tongue hurts | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-5026-8

  Geographic tongue is common, rarely symptomatic and not potentially malignant. […] Erythema migrans (geographic tongue) is common, affects all genders and ethnicities and probably arises in childhood or early adulthood. […] The working diagnosis of the red patches and fissuring of the tongue was erythema migrans (geographic tongue), while the working diagnosis of the burning sensation of the tongue and dysgeusia was burning mouth syndrome (BMS). […] This disorder is not due to fungal infection, is not potentially malignant and not related to acute or long COVID disease.

• #4 Sore or white tongue

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-or-white-tongue/

  A white tongue can be a sign of a health condition, such as anaemia, scarlet fever, lichen planus, leukoplakia, geographic tongue, mouth ulcers or oral thrush. […] Blotchy, red patches on the tongue that have a white or light-coloured border may be geographic tongue.

• #4 Geographic Tongue: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078465-overview

  Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) is a benign condition that occurs in up to 3% of the general population. Most often, patients are asymptomatic; however, some patients report increased sensitivity to hot and spicy foods. The classic manifestation of geographic tongue is an area of erythema, with atrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. The patient often reports spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area, with the return of normal tongue architecture, only to have another lesion appear in a different location of the tongue. Lesion activity in geographic tongue may wax and wane over time, and patients are occasionally free of lesions. […] Generally, medical intervention is unnecessary, because the lesion is benign and most often asymptomatic. However, there are some reports of benefit achieved with cyclosporine, antihistamines, retinoids, corticosteroids, or tacrolimus. […] Geographic tongue can affect all age groups; however, it is more predominant in adults than in children. Females have been reported to be affected twice as often as males. Exacerbations have been suggested to be related to hormonal factors. No racial or ethnic predilection has been reported.

• #4 Geographic Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue (also known as benign migratory glossitis) is an inflammatory disorder that usually appears on the top and sides of the tongue. Typically, affected tongues have a bald, red area of varying sizes that is surrounded, at least in part, by an irregular white border. The appearance of the affected portion of the tongue results from loss of the finger-like and mushroom shaped projections (papilla) which normally cover the tongues surface. Geographic tongue is a fairly common condition. It can occur at any time in life, including childhood. It is estimated to affect from 1 – 2.5% of the population. In affected individuals geographic tongue tends to vary in color, shape and size — hence the name of the condition. Multiple affected areas are commonly found. Lesions may also completely disappear for a period of time and then reappear. Geographic tongue usually has no symptoms. In most cases, there is no need for treatment of this condition. Occasionally geographic tongue may cause a burning or smarting sensation of the tongue. In this situation, topical anesthetics can be used for surface numbing. Anti-inflammatory drugs (cortisonelike drugs) also may be prescribed to help control discomfort.

• #4 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergies or atopy may be conditions underlying the occurrence of GT, as in this patient. […] The patients history, serum levels of total IgE, and prick testing have indicated an association between GT and allergies. […] In this case, GT was triggered by allergies, supported by blood test results showing an elevated eosinophil count of 4%, a total IgE of 698 IU/mL (six times the standard value), and a positive prick test for chili. […] Symptomatic GT may interfere with quality of life, as the patient needs to be constantly vigilant about the foods she consumes. Therefore, identifying risk factors is required to improve the quality of life for GT patients. […] The pathogenesis of GT is related to epithelial turnover through desquamation and keratinization processes. […] GT is generally asymptomatic, but some patients with GT may experience symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching of the tongue.

• #4 Geographic Tongue – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.newmouth.com/oral-health/geographic-tongue/

  The symptoms and appearance of geographic tongue can last a few days to several months or years. Often, geographic tongue resolves spontaneously on its own in one area only to have another lesion appear in a different location. The lesions may disappear for some time before reoccurring later. […] Geographic tongue may last a long time or come and go in cycles. It may flare up during emotional stress or infection, but it has no long-term health complications. You can manage any symptoms with treatments from your doctor.

• #5 Geographic tongue

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=141&pid=1&gid=001049

  Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives it a map-like appearance. […] The change in pattern on the surface of the tongue occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. These areas look flat as a result. The appearance of the tongue may change very quickly. The flat-looking areas may remain for more than a month. […] Symptoms include: Map-like appearance to the surface of the tongue, Patches that move from day to day, Smooth, red patches and sores (lesions) on the tongue, Soreness and burning pain (in some cases). […] Geographic tongue is a harmless condition. It may be uncomfortable and last for a long time.

• #5 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21177-geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is a noncancerous condition that causes smooth reddish, patches on your tongue. Geographic tongue is benign, meaning it doesn’t spread. Geographic tongue isn’t painful and it’s not serious. But you should talk to a healthcare provider if you notice patches or other changes on your tongue. The most noticeable symptom is a pattern of smooth, reddish spots on your tongue with white or gray borders. People with geographic tongue have fewer papillae than normal. The patches may come and go. Other symptoms may include: A burning sensation: You may notice a stinging, tingling or burning sensation, especially when you eat spicy or acidic food or drink acidic beverages like orange or grapefruit juice. Swollen lymph nodes: You may have swollen lymph nodes in your lower jaw. No, it can’t be cured. Geographic tongue often goes away on its own without treatment, but it can come back. You can’t get rid of geographic tongue. But there are things you can do to ease its symptoms, including: Using a mouthwash with an antihistamine. Avoiding spicy foods. Some people have geographic tongue without having noticeable symptoms. When they do, symptoms include patches on their tongue and burning and tingling sensations, especially when they eat spicy or acidic foods. […] Geographic tongue is a noncancerous disorder that doesn’t become oral cancer.

• #5 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Clinical improvement was observed after one week, marked by a decrease in severity as measured by the GTASI from a score of 12 (moderate GT) to 0.4 (mild GT) and a decrease in NRS from 6 (moderate pain) to 0 (no pain). […] GT is a typically harmless condition that is often asymptomatic and does not require any specific treatment. […] GT patients also should avoid trigger factors (allergens) or certain foods such as chili, dried salted nuts, kiwi, tomatoes, pineapples, spicy, sour, hot foods, cigarettes or tobacco, and alcohol. […] There are no specific pharmacological interventions for the treatment of symptomatic GT. However, by understanding the pathogenesis of GT, the basis for the use of steroids as the first line of treatment aims to reduce symptoms.

• #5 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #5

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue

  Geographic tongue is an inflammatory but harmless condition affecting the surface of the tongue. The tongue usually is covered with tiny, pinkish-white bumps called papillae. With geographic tongue, patches on the surface of the tongue are missing papillae. These patches are smooth and red, often with slightly raised borders. […] This condition is called geographic tongue because the patches make your tongue look like a map. The patches often appear in one area and then move to a different part of the tongue. […] Although geographic tongue may look alarming, it does not cause health issues. It’s not related to infection or cancer. Geographic tongue sometimes can cause tongue pain and make you more sensitive to certain foods, such as spices, salt and even sweets. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue may include: Smooth, red, irregularly shaped patches on the top or side of your tongue. These patches may look like sores. Frequent changes in the location, size and shape of the patches. Pain or burning feeling in some cases, most often related to eating spicy or acidic foods. […] Many people with geographic tongue have no symptoms.

• #5 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoq8Nmek_gwf00Jbqdc3h3UVpN0mtRlQUdEpuAoaZBBkMymPG7f4

  Geographic tongue usually happens when there is an absence of papillae on the tongue, but the exact cause of this absence is still unknown by doctors and researchers. […] The common signs and symptoms of geographic tongue are usually uneven red patches which though chiefly appear on the tongue, but can also be found on the cheeks, on the roof of the mouth, on the gums, or even under the tongue. These include: Smooth, reddish-pink, irregularly shaped patches with a raised whitish border. Frequent changes in the size, shape and location of the lesions. Continued discomfort, pain or inflammation, while eating sugary, spicy or acidic foods as in the case of mouth ulcer. […] Although geographic tongue isn’t a severe health issue or a cancerous condition, yet if it is left untreated for a long time, it can cause anxiety. The appearance of the tongue can be quite embarrassing in public places and be a constant reminder of something unusual or discomforting.

• #5 Geographic Tongue – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/geographic-tongue.html

  GT is a condition that causes lesions to form on your tongue. This makes your tongue look like a map. The lesions stay on your tongue from several days to weeks. The lesions come and go in different areas of the tongue. […] You may not have any other symptoms than the lesions on your tongue. Lesions are smooth areas with white, raised borders. The lesions are different shapes and sizes. You may have discomfort when you eat or drink spicy, salty, or acidic foods or drinks. […] You cannot eat because of your pain. […] You have lesions that last for more than 10 days.

• #5 What Foods Trigger Geographic Tongue?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_foods_trigger_geographic_tongue/article.htm

  By far, the most common symptom of geographic tongue is the red patches on the surface of your tongue. These often have slightly raised borders and recur at various places, creating a map-like appearance. […] Due to the lack of papillae, the patches might make you more sensitive to foods that contain large amounts of salt, spice, or acid. In some cases, this might even extend to sweets as well. The pain or discomfort usually manifests as similar to that of a scalded tongue. […] Currently, there is no cure for geographic tongue. The condition will heal on its own, although it might take years before it goes away completely. […] Nothing happens if geographic tongue goes untreated. As weve already mentioned, most doctors approach to this condition is to let it heal on its own. At worst, if it goes untreated, you might have to withstand temporary oversensitivity to certain foods that cause irritation.

• #5 Risk factors associated with symptomatic geographic tongue. | JAA

  https://www.dovepress.com/identifying-chili-as-a-risk-factor-for-the-geographic-tongue-a-case-re-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JAA

  Allergies or atopy may be conditions underlying the occurrence of GT, as in this patient. […] The patients history, serum levels of total IgE, and prick testing have indicated an association between GT and allergies. […] In this case, GT was triggered by allergies, supported by blood test results showing an elevated eosinophil count of 4%, a total IgE of 698 IU/mL (six times the standard value), and a positive prick test for chili. […] Symptomatic GT may interfere with quality of life, as the patient needs to be constantly vigilant about the foods she consumes. Therefore, identifying risk factors is required to improve the quality of life for GT patients. […] The pathogenesis of GT is related to epithelial turnover through desquamation and keratinization processes. […] GT is generally asymptomatic, but some patients with GT may experience symptoms such as pain, burning, or itching of the tongue.

• #5 Oral Health Considerations for Geographic Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/oral-health-considerations-geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign oral mucosal lesion that usually affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue. The disease is characterized by alternating activity, remission, and reactivation at various locations of the tongue. […] GT lesions present as multiple, well demarcated areas of erythema, surrounded by a white, serpiginous, hyperkeratotic elevated border. There is atrophy of the filiform papillae. The characteristic pattern reported by patients is spontaneous resolution of the lesion in one area with return of normal tongue architecture, followed by another lesion appearing in a different location of the tongue. This pattern of resolution and recurrence to a new location on the tongue is what led to the migratory name. Lesions may change in location, pattern, and size, and occur on other mucosal surfaces, including the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Lesions can last up to 2 weeks.

• #5 My tongue hurts | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-5026-8

  Geographic tongue is common, rarely symptomatic and not potentially malignant. […] Erythema migrans (geographic tongue) is common, affects all genders and ethnicities and probably arises in childhood or early adulthood. […] The working diagnosis of the red patches and fissuring of the tongue was erythema migrans (geographic tongue), while the working diagnosis of the burning sensation of the tongue and dysgeusia was burning mouth syndrome (BMS). […] This disorder is not due to fungal infection, is not potentially malignant and not related to acute or long COVID disease.

• #5 Sore or white tongue

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sore-or-white-tongue/

  A white tongue can be a sign of a health condition, such as anaemia, scarlet fever, lichen planus, leukoplakia, geographic tongue, mouth ulcers or oral thrush. […] Blotchy, red patches on the tongue that have a white or light-coloured border may be geographic tongue.

• #5 Geographic tongue: Causes and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.nz/blog/post/what-can-you-do-to-avoid-or-get-rid-of-geographic-tongue?srsltid=AfmBOoohRk9Q_BdswXXblLmEbgIDGGkQiXX9hIpc0HGbt5Qte3HpPk8a

  Emotional stress and psychological issues exacerbate the symptoms and prolong the duration or cause the recurrence of geographic tongue. […] Geographic tongue is more common in young people than in adults. […] Geographic tongue often goes away on its own without treatment. […] If you are not sure whether you are suffering from geographic tongue or another condition, it is best to consult a health care professional. […] After being diagnosed with geographic tongue, there are various measures you can take to alleviate the symptoms and to get over them faster. […] Individuals suffering from geographic tongue often find that their symptoms worsen when using an aggressive toothpaste or mouthwash. […] Given that the symptoms can worsen with certain foods, such as acidic, very spicy or hot dishes, it is advisable to carefully monitor the occurrences of geographic tongue and to identify potential triggers.

• #6 Exploring Geographic Tongue: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.smilearizonadentistry.com/blog/exploring-geographic-tongue-symptoms

  Ever seen a winding red patch that resembles a map on your tongue? This is a harmless yet peculiar condition that affects the surface of the tongue, called geographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis. It is a noncancerous condition, manifested as patches of smooth, reddish skin on the tongue. While usually painless, you might experience sensitivity. It’s best to consult a healthcare provider if you notice these map-like patches or any other changes on your tongue. […] Geographic tongue may not always manifest noticeable symptoms, with some individuals remaining unaware of any changes until diagnosed during a medical examination. Individuals who encounter symptoms notice clear indicators on the tongue, which assist healthcare professionals in making a diagnosis. […] Here’s a breakdown of some geographic tongue symptoms: Smooth, irregularly shaped red lesions resembling islands, possibly causing sensitivity. White or light-colored borders, slightly raised around the lesions. Patches or lesions of various sizes and shapes. Rapid appearance and disappearance of patches. Sensitivity to certain substances like toothpaste, mouthwashes, sweet, and hot, spicy, or acidic foods. Mild discomfort or burning sensations in the tongue or mouth.

• #6 What Is Geographic Tongue? | Omega Dental Houston TXMenu

  https://omegadentists.com/blog/what-is-geographic-tongue/

  Some sufferers experience uncomfortable sensations such as pain or burning, often in response to eating spicy or acidic foods. On rare occasions, pain may also occur at the lymph nodes. […] Given time, the geographic tongue typically resolves itself. In some cases, those affected are never actually aware of the condition, particularly if their symptoms are mild and go away quickly. Other sufferers experience frequent remissions, followed by relapse. Targeted treatment is typically not necessary, but dentists or physicians may suggest a variety of simple solutions to manage associated discomfort.

• #6 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms And Care | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/mouth-sores-and-infections/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care

  Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, causes the surface of your tongue to have an irregular, patch-like appearance. This condition gets its distinct name from the fact the patches can look similar to a geographic map. […] Symptoms of geographic tongue typically include: Smooth, asymmetrical, red patches (or lesions) on your tongue; Patches often change in size, form, and position over time; Discomfort when eating, especially when consuming spicy, hot, or acidic items. […] It may reassure you to know that geographic tongue typically does not require treatment as it is benign. This condition can last for anywhere from days to years and often disappear and reappears completely on its own. […] Geographic tongue often co-occurs in those with: Family history of the condition; Stress; Fissured tongue; Reactive arthritis (also known as Reiter’s syndrome); Psoriasis; Hormonal volatility; Vitamin shortages; Diabetes, especially type 1; Allergies or eczema. […] If you do experience geographic tongue, remember that it’s benign, requires no treatment, and doesn’t lead to other health problems.

• #6 What Foods Trigger Geographic Tongue?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/what_foods_trigger_geographic_tongue/article.htm

  Geographic tongue is a harmless condition that appears on the top and sides of the tongue, forming small, map-like red areas. Foods that may trigger geographic tongue include hot foods and beverages, alcohol, and spicy foods. […] Geographic tongue is an inflammatory condition that causes patches on the surface of the tongue, creating a map-like appearance. Its generally considered to be completely harmless, but the patches may be unpleasant to see, causing embarrassment to the person who has them. […] The areas affected take a couple of days to form defined patches, which usually last for many weeks. Theres no definite answer to how long these patches take to clear up. However, keep in mind that they often recur in other areas of your tongue. […] Geographic tongue should only cause slight discomfort, at most, a burning and barely painful sensation when eating spicy or acidic foods. Lesions that behave differently may be signs of a more serious condition.

• #6 Geographic Tongue: Causes, Symptoms & Care | Oral Care

  https://sherwoodparkdental.ca/geographic-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-care/

  The exact cause of migratory glossitis is not known, but according to the National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD), the map-like appearance of the tongue is the result of inflammation. Normally, the tongue is covered with a layer of tiny bumps called papillae, but if for some reason any of these finger-like projections are lost, those areas of the tongue will be smooth and red with slightly raised borders. These affected areas may change in size and location daily, making the tongue look different each time you look at it. […] Although geographic tongue can persist for weeks, in most cases there is no discomfort and no treatment is necessary. But can vary from patient to patient, your dentist can help monitor this for you as well. […] The National Institutes of Healths Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center says that about 5% of people with geographic tongue are bothered by pain or sensitivity, especially when eating spicy or acidic foods. If your tongue is painful, easily irritated by certain foods and drinks, or has become severely swollen (interfering with eating, speaking or swallowing) see your dentist right away. Make an appointment with a dentist any time you have a lesion on your tongue that doesnt go away within 10 days, advises the Mayo Clinic, to rule out anything serious. […] In painful situations, your doctor or dentist may recommend using anti-inflammatory drugs to help alleviate discomfort. For milder burning or sensitivity issues, avoiding hot spicy foods and alcohol may be advised, says the National Institutes of Health.

• #6 Paediatric geographic tongue (5year old boy): A case report with review of literature – JDPO

  https://www.jdpo.org/html-article/18143

  Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. It is a benign, inflammatory condition that most frequently affects the tongue’s dorsum and may spread to its lateral edges. The loss of filiform papillae and thinning of the epithelium are represented by the erythematous patches. It can be asymptomatic or patient may complains of pain and burning sensation. […] Geographic tongue often develops throughout childhood and affects between 1 and 2.5 percent of people worldwide. The paediatric population has a prevalence that ranges from 0.37 percent to 14.3 percent. The age range of 20 to 29 years old has the highest frequency, at roughly 39.4%. Geographic tongue has a slightly greater predilection for women than men. Geographic tongue’s aetiology is unclear, but in youngsters, environmental allergens may play a role. Other symptoms linked to this pathology include vitamin B deficiency, a food trigger like cheese, congenital abnormality, asthma, rhinitis, and systemic illnesses like psoriasis, anaemia, digestive problems, candidiasis, lichen planus, hormone imbalance, and psychological issues.

• #7

  https://www.teethtalkgirl.com/dental-health/geographic-tongue/

  Geographic tongue is a condition where the dorsal (top) surface of the tongue develops these irregular-looking, map-like patterns of red patches. To top it off, those patches can move or morph, changing shapes or affecting different parts of the top of the tongue. Hence the name geographic tongue. Clinically, this condition is called benign migratory glossitis. […] These patches can sometimes cause a burning or stinging sensation. Even though the condition is not harmful and is usually painless, it can sometimes be associated with other medical conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema. […] If someone has geographic tongue, they may experience symptoms such as red and white patches on the surface of their tongue that resembles irregular, map-like patterns. These patches can change in size and shape over time and can sometimes cause a burning or stinging sensation. Some people with geographic tongue may also experience a loss of taste or a metallic taste in their mouth. People also experience irritation or a burning sensation from alcohol and hot, or spicy foods.

• #7 Glossitis: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23987-glossitis

  Geographic tongue causes patches of missing papillae and smooth, map-like red lesions. Though the condition is inflammatory, its completely harmless. […] Glossitis symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over a long period of time. […] Once treated, glossitis should go away within a few days. If your symptoms last longer than 10 days, contact your healthcare provider for further instructions. […] If you have chronic or recurring glossitis, talk to your healthcare provider about ways to manage your symptoms during flare-ups.

• #8 Geographic Tongue – Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/dental-oral-health/geographic-tongue

  Burning sensation. Individuals experience a burning or tingling sensation on the tongue. This is particularly noticeable when the person is eating or drinking water. […] Alteration in taste sensation. The condition of the geographic tongue can cause the destruction of the papillae. This might alter the normal taste sensation. Some patients also experience a metallic taste. […] Discomfort and pain. […] Geographic tongue is a benign chronic condition of the tongue. It is a relapsing, recurring inflammatory. It may take days, weeks, months, or years to develop. It causes atrophy of the papillae in different areas on the tongue’s surface, giving it a map-like or island-like appearance.

Zobacz więcej