Jąkanie
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Jąkanie (balbutiatio) to zaburzenie płynności mowy, objawiające się powtarzaniem sylab, przedłużaniem dźwięków, blokadami oraz napięciem mięśniowym, dotykające około 80 milionów osób globalnie. U dzieci najczęściej pojawia się między 2 a 5 rokiem życia, a około 5% z nich przechodzi przez fazę jąkania rozwojowego. Wyróżnia się jąkanie rozwojowe, neurogenne i psychogenne. Diagnoza opiera się na ocenie logopedycznej, uwzględniającej nasilenie jąkania, reakcje pacjenta oraz wpływ na funkcjonowanie społeczne i edukacyjne. Wczesna interwencja jest kluczowa dla optymalizacji efektów terapii i minimalizacji wtórnych zaburzeń psychospołecznych, takich jak lęk społeczny czy nieprzystosowawcze zachowania kompensacyjne. Terapia logopedyczna, w tym metody kształtowania płynności i modyfikacji jąkania, stanowi podstawę leczenia, uzupełnioną o wsparcie psychoterapeutyczne, np. terapię poznawczo-behawioralną, oraz programy behawioralne jak Lidcombe dla małych dzieci.

Definicja i charakterystyka jąkania

Jąkanie, znane również jako balbutiatio, jest zaburzeniem płynności mowy charakteryzującym się zakłóceniami w normalnym przepływie mowy, takimi jak powtarzanie sylab, słów lub dźwięków, przedłużanie dźwięków, pauzy, wahania oraz blokady. Jest to stosunkowo powszechne zaburzenie, dotykające około 80 milionów osób na świecie i stanowiące istotne wyzwanie dla pracowników ochrony zdrowia.12

U dzieci jąkanie najczęściej pojawia się między 2 a 5 rokiem życia, w okresie intensywnego rozwoju mowy. Około 5% dzieci przechodzi przez fazę jąkania podczas rozwoju umiejętności językowych. Jest to często okres, gdy dzieci uczą się wielu nowych słów i zaczynają używać dłuższych zdań oraz bardziej złożonej gramatyki, co zwiększa obciążenie ich wciąż rozwijającego się systemu mowy.34

Jąkanie może przybierać różne formy i każda osoba jąkająca się wykazuje nieco inne cechy. Jedną z powszechnych cech jest jego nieprzewidywalność i zmienność. Objawy mogą ulegać nasileniu lub osłabieniu w zależności od sytuacji, poziomu stresu i innych czynników.5

Typy jąkania

Wyróżnia się kilka głównych typów jąkania:67

  • Jąkanie rozwojowe – występuje u małych dzieci i zazwyczaj pojawia się, gdy dziecko uczy się mówić, ale brakuje mu umiejętności mowy i języka niezbędnych do wyrażenia siebie. Może być wywołane podekscytowaniem, stresem lub lękiem.
  • Jąkanie neurogenne – nabyte w dorosłości w wyniku określonej przyczyny, takiej jak udar mózgu lub uraz mózgu.
  • Jąkanie psychogenne – rzadka forma jąkania spowodowana traumą emocjonalną lub innymi problemami psychologicznymi.

Objawy jąkania

Jąkanie może objawiać się w różny sposób, ale typowe cechy obejmują:89

  • Powtarzanie całych słów, np. „i, i, i, potem wyszedłem”
  • Powtarzanie pojedynczych dźwięków lub sylab, np. „m-m-m-mamo”
  • Przedłużanie dźwięków, np. „czaaasem wychodzę”
  • Blokowanie dźwięków, gdy usta są w pozycji, ale dźwięk nie wychodzi
  • Napięcie mięśni – wokół oczu, nosa, warg, szyi lub w ramionach, nogach, klatce piersiowej
  • Dodatkowe ruchy ciała mogące wystąpić, gdy osoba próbuje „wypchnąć” słowo: tupanie stopą, zmiana pozycji ciała lub stukanie palcami
  • Unikanie kontaktu wzrokowego podczas momentu jąkania
  • Zaburzenia oddychania, na przykład wstrzymywanie oddechu podczas mówienia lub przesadne oddychanie przed mówieniem

U osób z przewlekłym jąkaniem mogą rozwinąć się zachowania wtórne, takie jak grymasy, szarpnięcia szczęki i ruchy głowy, które wykorzystują, aby złagodzić nasilenie jąkania.10

Diagnoza jąkania

Jąkanie jest diagnozowane przez specjalistę ochrony zdrowia przeszkolonego w ocenie i leczeniu dzieci i dorosłych, którzy mają problemy z mową i językiem. Ten specjalista to logopeda. Logopeda słucha i rozmawia z dorosłym lub dzieckiem w różnych typach sytuacji, aby ocenić charakter i nasilenie jąkania.1112

Podczas diagnozy logopeda bierze pod uwagę szereg czynników:13

  • Nasilenie jąkania
  • Reakcja osoby na jąkanie
  • Próby poprawienia mowy
  • Wpływ jąkania na interakcje z innymi
  • Czy jąkanie powoduje problemy w szkole lub pracy

Wczesna identyfikacja jąkania jest ważna, aby terapia mogła rozpocząć się, gdy w mózgu wciąż mogą zachodzić zmiany kompensacyjne, oraz aby zminimalizować ryzyko rozwoju lęku społecznego, upośledzonych umiejętności społecznych, nieprzystosowawczych zachowań kompensacyjnych i negatywnego nastawienia do komunikacji.14

Kiedy szukać pomocy

Należy skontaktować się ze specjalistą w następujących przypadkach:1516

  • Dziecko jest bardzo świadome swoich trudności z mówieniem
  • Jąkanie utrzymuje się dłużej niż 12 miesięcy
  • Jąkanie wydaje się nasilać
  • Jąkanie powoduje frustrację lub zawstydzenie u dziecka
  • Dziecko unika mówienia lub sytuacji komunikacyjnych

Wczesna interwencja przez logopedę może pomóc małym dzieciom z trudnościami w płynności mowy, takimi jak jąkanie.17 Im wcześniej rozpocznie się terapię, tym lepsze mogą być jej efekty.18

Podejścia terapeutyczne w jąkaniu

Po ocenie przez logopedę, można wspólnie zdecydować o najlepszym leczeniu. Dostępnych jest wiele różnych metod leczenia dzieci i dorosłych jąkających się. Ponieważ problemy i potrzeby są różne, metoda lub kombinacja metod, która jest pomocna dla jednej osoby, może nie działać tak dobrze dla innej.19

Terapia mowy

Terapia mowy pozostaje podstawą leczenia jąkania.20 Terapia logopedyczna może nauczyć pacjenta spowolnienia mowy i zauważania, kiedy się jąka. Logopeda może stosować różne techniki, w tym:2122

  • Kształtowanie płynności – metoda wykorzystująca specjalne techniki oddychania i zwolnionej mowy do rozwijania świadomości i kontroli głosu
  • Techniki modyfikacji – stosowane w celu przeciwdziałania reakcjom napięcia mięśniowego występującym podczas jąkania
  • Strategie radzenia sobie z lękiem i napięciem emocjonalnym

Terapia może również koncentrować się na poprawie ogólnych umiejętności komunikacyjnych, budowaniu pewności siebie podczas mówienia oraz eliminowaniu nieskutecznych zachowań wtórnych.23

Program Lidcombe

Program Lidcombe jest szeroko stosowaną bezpośrednią terapią behawioralną w leczeniu jąkania u małych dzieci. W tej metodzie rodzice są aktywnie zaangażowani w proces terapeutyczny, wspierając dziecko w praktykowaniu mowy w domu.2425

Podejście to obejmuje:26

  • Zaangażowanie rodziców (podejście Lidcombe), które polega na tym, że reszta rodziny pomaga dziecku mówić powoli
  • Chwalenie dziecka, gdy nie jąka się
  • Okazjonalne korygowanie, gdy dziecko mówi z jąkaniem

Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna

Ten rodzaj terapii zdrowia psychicznego, zwany również psychoterapią, może pomóc w identyfikacji i zmianie sposobów myślenia, które mogą nasilać jąkanie. Jest szczególnie pomocny w przypadku lęku związanego z mówieniem i negatywnych przekonań na temat własnych umiejętności komunikacyjnych.2728

Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna może pomóc osobom jąkającym się:29

  • Zidentyfikować i zmienić sposoby myślenia, które mogą nasilać jąkanie
  • Rozwinąć skuteczne strategie radzenia sobie
  • Zarządzać emocjonalnymi aspektami jąkania

Urządzenia elektroniczne

Oprócz bezpośredniej i pośredniej terapii, istnieją inne opcje, które mogą pomóc osobom jąkającym się, szczególnie starszym dzieciom i dorosłym z przewlekłym jąkaniem oraz tym, którzy rozwijają jąkanie w późniejszym życiu (nabyte lub jąkanie o późnym początku).30

Te urządzenia są często montowane wewnątrz lub wokół ucha, podobnie jak aparat słuchowy, i mogą pomóc poprawić płynność mowy u niektórych osób. Jednak zwykle nie są one dostępne w ramach publicznej opieki zdrowotnej.3132

Wsparcie dla rodziców i opiekunów

Rodzice i opiekunowie odgrywają kluczową rolę we wspieraniu dziecka jąkającego się. Praktykowanie technik w domu z dzieckiem jest kluczowym elementem pomagającym dziecku radzić sobie z jąkaniem, szczególnie w przypadku niektórych metod leczenia.33

Strategie komunikacyjne

Poniżej przedstawiono kilka strategii, które mogą pomóc w komunikacji z dzieckiem jąkającym się:3435

  • Okazywanie zainteresowania tym, co dziecko mówi, a nie tym, jak mówi
  • Utrzymywanie naturalnego kontaktu wzrokowego z dzieckiem, gdy mówi, zwłaszcza podczas momentów jąkania
  • Danie dziecku czasu na dokończenie tego, co chce powiedzieć, bez przerywania lub kończenia jego zdań
  • Modelowanie spokojnego, wolniejszego tempa mówienia w rozmowie w domu
  • Zapewnienie dziecku odpowiedniej ilości snu i rutyny – jąkanie może nasilać się, gdy dziecko jest zmęczone

Czego unikać

Istnieją również zachowania, których należy unikać, gdyż mogą zwiększać lęk i frustrację dziecka:3637

  • Unikaj kończenia zdań za dziecko – może to być kuszące, aby pomóc mu dokończyć słowo lub zdanie, ale może to powodować większą frustrację
  • Unikaj mówienia dziecku, aby zwolniło, zaczęło od nowa lub wzięło oddech, gdy się jąka – jest to niepomocne i może sprawić, że dziecko będzie bardziej zaniepokojone tym, co mówi
  • Unikaj oznaczania tego jako „jąkania” – używaj raczej słów takich jak „nierówna mowa” lub „zacinanie się”
  • Gdy dziecku przypomina się o stosowaniu technik płynności, może ono odnieść wrażenie, że nie powinno się jąkać, że jesteś niezadowolony z tego powodu lub że jąkanie jest czymś złym

Ważne jest, aby stworzyć środowisko wspierające, w którym dziecko czuje się komfortowo podczas komunikacji, niezależnie od jąkania.38

Jąkanie u osób dorosłych

Choć wielu osobom jąkanie ustępuje w dzieciństwie, u około 1-3% osób utrzymuje się ono przez całe życie.39 Dorosłe osoby jąkające się mogą napotykać różne wyzwania, w tym wpływ na życie zawodowe i społeczne.

Wpływ na jakość życia

Jąkanie może znacząco wpływać na życie jednostki.40 Może prowadzić do:

  • Problemów z komunikacją z innymi osobami41
  • Negatywnego wpływu na samoocenę42
  • Izolacji społecznej i unikania sytuacji wymagających mówienia43
  • Lęku i depresji44
  • Dyskryminacji w pracy45

Wiele osób jąkających się cierpi na poważną depresję i lęk, izolując się zamiast narażać na zastraszanie i upokorzenie. Jąkanie może być również podstawową przyczyną innych problemów – na przykład wysoki odsetek młodocianych przestępców to osoby jąkające się.46

Wsparcie dla dorosłych

Wsparcie dla dorosłych osób jąkających się może obejmować:4748

  • Terapię logopedyczną dostosowaną do potrzeb dorosłych
  • Grupy wsparcia i samopomocy
  • Techniki radzenia sobie ze stresem i lękiem
  • Rozwijanie strategii komunikacyjnych w sytuacjach zawodowych i społecznych

Osoby dorosłe jąkające się mogą również korzystać z różnych metod samopomocy, takich jak ćwiczenie wolnej mowy, stosowanie technik wizualizacji i angażowanie się w czytanie na głos.49

Jąkanie w miejscu pracy

W przypadku gdy jąkanie powoduje poważne problemy w komunikacji, osoby jąkające się mogą korzystać z odpowiednich udogodnień w miejscu pracy. Mogą one różnić się w zależności od pracy, ale mogą obejmować pomoce niezbędne do komunikacji.50

Ważna jest również świadomość i edukacja współpracowników oraz przełożonych na temat jąkania. Lekarze rodzinni są dobrze przygotowani do edukowania nauczycieli, trenerów, pracodawców i innych osób w życiu pacjenta na temat etiologii jąkania i konkretnych wyzwań, z jakimi borykają się pacjenci.51

Jąkanie w kontekście zawodów medycznych

Jąkanie nie powinno być przeszkodą w wykonywaniu zawodów medycznych, w tym zawodu pielęgniarki. Istnieją liczne przykłady osób jąkających się, które odnoszą sukcesy w tych dziedzinach.

Pielęgniarki z jąkaniem

Dla osób jąkających się, które chcą zostać pielęgniarkami lub już nimi są, jąkanie może stanowić dodatkowe wyzwanie. Jednak doświadczenia pielęgniarek z jąkaniem pokazują, że możliwe jest skuteczne wykonywanie tego zawodu pomimo trudności w mowie.52

Nowokwalifikowana pielęgniarka Abbey Ludkin dzieli się swoim doświadczeniem: „Jako osoba dorosła z jąkaniem, nie mogę uwierzyć, że zaszłam tak daleko i jestem z siebie bardzo dumna. […] Większość czasu zapominam, że moje jąkanie w ogóle istnieje, ponieważ pacjenci są na pierwszym miejscu. […] Pacjenci są zwykle mili wobec mnie i nie przeszkadza im, gdy się jąkam.”53

Badania pokazują, że jąkanie niekoniecznie wpływa na zdolność pielęgniarki do zapewnienia współczującej i kompetentnej opieki. Stosując strategie zarządzania jąkaniem i szukając wsparcia u kolegów i przełożonych, pielęgniarka jąkająca się może skutecznie komunikować się z pacjentami i doskonalić swoją praktykę kliniczną.54

Strategie dla pracowników ochrony zdrowia

Dla pracowników ochrony zdrowia z jąkaniem, pomocne mogą być następujące strategie:55

  • Rozwijanie wiedzy eksperckiej w swojej dziedzinie, co może zwiększyć pewność siebie i zmniejszyć jąkanie
  • Praca nad technikami radzenia sobie z sytuacjami stresowymi
  • Uczestnictwo w terapii logopedycznej dostosowanej do potrzeb zawodowych
  • Otwartość na temat jąkania wobec współpracowników, jeśli jest to komfortowe

Ważne jest, aby pamiętać, że jąkanie to tylko jeden aspekt osoby i nie definiuje jej kompetencji zawodowych. Jak zauważył jeden z pracowników ochrony zdrowia: „Jestem dobrą pielęgniarką, po prostu mam wadę wymowy.”56

Nowoczesne podejścia w terapii jąkania

W ostatnich latach rozwinięto kilka innowacyjnych podejść do terapii jąkania, które koncentrują się na całościowym wsparciu osoby jąkającej się.

Model CARE

Model CARE (Communication, Advocacy, Resiliency, Education) oferuje wyraźne, nieableistyczne podejście do leczenia jąkania, które opiera się na opartym na dowodach zrozumieniu, że gdy dzieci, nastolatki i dorośli są odpowiednio wspierani, mogą realizować swoje marzenia, mówić i żyć pełnią życia.57

Model CARE przesuwa nacisk z płynności na bardziej holistyczne podejście koncentrujące się na komunikacji, rzecznictwie, odporności i edukacji.58 Daje terapeutom użyteczną platformę do zastosowania filarów modelu CARE w codziennej terapii.59

Programy intensywnej terapii

Camp Dream. Speak. Live. to coroczny program intensywnej terapii oparty na dowodach dla dzieci i nastolatków jąkających się. Protokół tego programu został zmanualizowany, a pozytywne wyniki zostały powielone na całym świecie.60

Takie programy oferują intensywne wsparcie terapeutyczne w krótkim czasie, co może być szczególnie korzystne dla osób, które potrzebują szybkiego postępu lub mają ograniczony dostęp do regularnej terapii.61

Mentoring i wsparcie społecznościowe

Programy mentorskie zapewniają uczestnikom w każdym wieku poczucie celu i przynależności. Poprzez cotygodniowe wsparcie rówieśnicze, rozwijanie wspólnych projektów rzeczniczych, odkrywanie możliwości przywódczych oraz zwiększanie pewności siebie i współczucia, uczestnicy mają możliwość wykorzystania tego, czego nauczyli się poprzez codzienne i intensywne programy terapeutyczne.62

Organizacje takie jak STAMMA oferują bogactwo pomocnych informacji i zasobów dla rodziców, nastolatków, dorosłych, nauczycieli i pracodawców na temat jąkania i dostępnego wsparcia. Oferują również infolinię i usługę czatu internetowego, prowadzoną przez osoby doświadczone w jąkaniu – wolontariuszy, którzy się jąkają, krewnych osób jąkających się lub pracujących w tej dziedzinie.63

Interdyscyplinarne podejście do leczenia jąkania

Skuteczna ocena i leczenie jąkania wymaga współpracy między specjalistami ochrony zdrowia, aby zrozumieć i zarządzać każdym aspektem tego złożonego zaburzenia. Obejmuje to tworzenie kompleksowej opieki dostosowanej do konkretnych obaw i unikalnych potrzeb każdego pacjenta.64

Rola różnych specjalistów

W leczeniu jąkania mogą brać udział różni specjaliści:6566

  • Logopedzi – podstawowi specjaliści w diagnozie i terapii jąkania
  • Psychologowie i psychiatrzy – pomocni w przypadku współistniejących problemów psychologicznych, takich jak lęk czy depresja
  • Lekarze rodzinni – wspierają w koordynacji opieki i kierowaniu do odpowiednich specjalistów
  • Nauczyciele i edukatorzy – współpracują w tworzeniu wspierającego środowiska edukacyjnego

Niezależnie od podstawowej przyczyny jąkania, skierowanie na odpowiednią ocenę psychiatryczną i poradnictwo jest kluczowe.67

Koordynacja opieki

Interdyscyplinarne podejście zespołu opieki zdrowotnej jest niezbędne do skutecznego zarządzania jąkaniem, zapewniając szybką diagnozę, terminowe skierowania, odpowiednie plany zarządzania i etyczną opiekę nad pacjentem.68

Protokoły leczenia powinny być formułowane w celu skutecznego zaspokojenia obaw pacjenta, zapewniając, że cele terapeutyczne są zgodne z celami pacjenta.6970

W przypadku podejrzenia jąkania rozwojowego, każde dziecko wykazujące wzorce mowy wskazujące na dysfluencje podobne do jąkania, zgłoszone przez rodziców lub zaobserwowane klinicznie, powinno zostać skierowane do logopedy.71

Podsumowanie zasad opieki i pielęgnacji w jąkaniu

Opieka nad osobami jąkającymi się wymaga kompleksowego, wielowymiarowego podejścia, które uwzględnia zarówno fizyczne, jak i psychospołeczne aspekty tego zaburzenia.72

Zasady ogólne

  • Terapia powinna być zindywidualizowana i skoncentrowana na rozwijaniu skutecznych technik kompensacyjnych oraz eliminowaniu nieskutecznych zachowań wtórnych73
  • Leczenie może nie wyeliminować całkowicie jąkania, ale może nauczyć umiejętności, które pomogą pacjentowi: poprawić płynność mowy, rozwinąć skuteczną komunikację oraz w pełni uczestniczyć w szkole, pracy i aktywnościach społecznych74
  • Osoby jąkające się powinny być oceniane pod kątem wtórnych skutków psychospołecznych i otrzymać odpowiednie leczenie75

Wsparcie dla rodzin

  • Lekarz rodzinny powinien wspierać rodziców i innych opiekunów oraz w razie potrzeby zająć się poczuciem winy, lękiem i frustracją rodziców76
  • Rodziny powinny być zapewnione, że jąkanie jest przede wszystkim wynikiem nieprawidłowości w mózgu i nie jest winą pacjenta ani rodziny77
  • W celu rozwoju inteligencji emocjonalnej, uczucia dzieci muszą być zrozumiane i przekazywane im w sposób, który pokazuje troskę. Pomaga to budować odporność, pewność siebie i samoocenę, a także wzmacnia relację z dzieckiem78

Tworzenie wspierającego środowiska

  • Ważne jest, aby stworzyć środowisko, w którym dziecko czuje mniejszą presję podczas mówienia79
  • Dziecko ma głos i może komunikować się. Musi również nauczyć się zasad efektywnej komunikacji, takich jak słuchanie i wymiana ról80
  • Instytucje opieki społecznej powinny również posiadać wyraźną kartę komunikacyjną, określającą, w jaki sposób będą reagować na konkretne potrzeby komunikacyjne, takie jak jąkanie81

Poprzez zintegrowane podejście do opieki i pielęgnacji, osoby jąkające się mogą otrzymać wsparcie, które pozwoli im nie tylko poprawić płynność mowy, ale także rozwijać się jako pewne siebie, skuteczne osoby komunikujące się.82

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Stuttering, or stammering, is a language fluency disorder characterized by disruptions in speech flow, such as pauses, hesitations, and repetitions of syllables, words, or sounds. […] Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] Effective evaluation and treatment necessitate collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to understand and manage every aspect of this complex disorder appropriately. This involves crafting comprehensive care customized to each patient’s specific concerns and unique needs. […] Clinicians should seek the following characterizations when assessing developmental (and persistent) stuttering: Blockades and other disfluencies often occur at the beginning of utterances.
  • #2 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Stuttering, or stammering, is a language fluency disorder characterized by disruptions in speech flow, such as pauses, hesitations, and repetitions of syllables, words, or sounds. […] Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] Effective evaluation and treatment necessitate collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to understand and manage every aspect of this complex disorder appropriately. This involves crafting comprehensive care customized to each patient’s specific concerns and unique needs. […] Stuttering can significantly affect an individual’s life. […] Therefore, it is crucial to promptly diagnose and provide appropriate treatment to ensure timely management of the condition.
  • #3 Information
    https://www.cambspborochildrenshealth.nhs.uk/speech-language-and-communication/stammering/
    Stammering (also known as stuttering, dysfluency or non-fluency) is where there is a problem that disrupts the flow and timing of speech. It can develop gradually or your child can suddenly start stammering. […] Stammering often presents between 2 to 5 years old while your child is learning to speak. Approximately 5% of children will go through a stammering phase as they are developing their language skills. […] It can be shocking and worrying if your child start to stammer out of the blue. Some periods may seem harder than others and their stutter may come and go. […] It’s important that you support them through this period of development. Try to treat it like any other difficult like when they trip over or spill things. Make sure your child does not feel criticised for something they cannot control.
  • #4 Early Years Toolkit – NHS Shetland
    https://www.nhsshetland.scot/speech-language-therapy/early-years-toolkit/6
    Learning to talk is a very complex process. Up to 8% of children will stammer at some point, most often between the ages of 2 and 5 years old. This tends to be at a time of rapid language development when children are learning lots of new words, and using longer sentences and more complex grammar, which places a higher demand on their speech system which is still developing. […] Stammering (also known as stuttering or dysfluency) can present in different ways. You may notice your child doing the following: […] Some children may show signs of tension in the face or body as well, or they may run out of breath whilst talking. Some young children are unaware that they are stammering, and others may find it frustrating or they may opt out of talking when they feel uncomfortable. A childs fluency can vary over time and in different situations.
  • #5 Parents – what is stammering?
    https://www.whittington.nhs.uk/default.asp?c=26699
    Stammering occurs in all parts of the world, across all cultures, religions and socio-economic groups. […] Stammering can take many different forms and each person who has a stammer shows slightly different features. One common feature is its unpredictability and variability. […] Many parents describe how phases of stammering are followed by a fluent period which may last for weeks. […] There are no hard and fast rules. […] Although the quantity and type of the stammering differs for each individual, the following features are more usual. […] Typically many young children repeat words and syllables: Repetition of whole words, e.g. „and, and, and, then I left”; Repetition of single sounds or syllables, e.g. „c-c-come h-h-here mu-mu-mummy”; Prolonging of sounds, e.g. „sssssssometimes I go out”; Blocking of sounds, where the mouth is in position, but no sound comes out; Muscle tension – around the eyes, nose, lips, neck, or in arms, legs, chest etc. Extra body movements may occur as the child attempts to 'push’ the word out: stamping a foot, shifting body position or finger tapping; Avoiding eye contact during a moment of stammering; Breathing may be disrupted, for example, the child may hold his breath while speaking or take an exaggerated breath before speaking. Generally the flow of speech is unevenly disrupted and this may cause distress to the speaker and the listener. […] Sometimes the child adopts strategies to try and minimise or hide the stammer. […] Some children become so adept at hiding their stammer in this manner that they may appear fluent, or just become very quiet.
  • #6 How to Stop Stuttering or Stammering: 5 Tips
    https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-stuttering
    Stuttering is a speech disorder that can cause a person to repeat, interrupt, or prolong sounds, syllables, or words when trying to speak. About 3 million children and adults in the United States are affected. […] Stuttering affects people of all ages, but its most commonly seen in children ages 2 to 6. This is called developmental stuttering and may have multiple causes. About 75 percent of children lose this stutter with time. […] If a stutter is acquired in adulthood through a specific cause like a stroke or brain injury, its referred to as neurogenic stuttering. A rare form of stuttering called psychogenic stuttering is caused by emotional trauma or other issues in the brain or with reasoning. […] Treatment for stuttering varies based on a persons age and communication goals. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) can help you determine the therapies that might work best for you or your child. Support groups for stuttering can also help.
  • #7 Stuttering | Causes, Treatment & Prevention | Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/science/stuttering
    stuttering, speech defect characterized by involuntary repetition of sounds or syllables and the intermittent blocking or prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words. These disruptions alter the rhythm and fluency of speech and sometimes impede communication, with consequences on the affected individuals confidence when speaking. […] Three primary forms of stuttering have been described: developmental, neurogenic, and psychogenic. Developmental stuttering occurs in young children and typically manifests when a child is first learning to speak but lacks the speech and language skills necessary to express himself or herself through speech. In this instance stuttering may be precipitated by excitement, stress, or anxiety. […] When stuttering persists, the condition may require diagnosis and treatment by a speech-language pathologist, who is trained to discern even minor disfluencies in speech that may underlie stuttering. Treatment frequently entails speech therapy, such as controlled fluency with self-monitoring of stuttering. Parental involvement, particularly with regard to ensuring a relaxed speaking environment and slow speech, plays an important supportive role in stuttering therapy.
  • #8 Stammering – Leeds Community Healthcare
    https://www.leedscommunityhealthcare.nhs.uk/our-services-a-z/child-speech-and-language-therapy/speech-and-language-therapy-toolkit-new/stammering/
    Support and advice for children who have a stammer. […] Stammering most commonly starts between the ages of two and five years old as this is when children tend to experience a period of rapid language development. […] Stammering, also known as stuttering or dysfluency, can present in different ways. […] Stammering may include additional features of struggle or tension such as extra body or facial movements or running out of breath whilst talking. […] For most children who stammer, stammering will fade away naturally, usually within a year or so of it starting. […] Strategies to support children who stammer include trying not to focus on the stammer, giving them praise and support, and avoiding saying things like, slow down or take your time. […] It is important to keep natural eye contact with the child/young person when s/he is talking, especially during moments of stammering.
  • #9 Parents – what is stammering?
    https://www.whittington.nhs.uk/default.asp?c=26699
    Stammering occurs in all parts of the world, across all cultures, religions and socio-economic groups. […] Stammering can take many different forms and each person who has a stammer shows slightly different features. One common feature is its unpredictability and variability. […] Many parents describe how phases of stammering are followed by a fluent period which may last for weeks. […] There are no hard and fast rules. […] Although the quantity and type of the stammering differs for each individual, the following features are more usual. […] Typically many young children repeat words and syllables: Repetition of whole words, e.g. „and, and, and, then I left”; Repetition of single sounds or syllables, e.g. „c-c-come h-h-here mu-mu-mummy”; Prolonging of sounds, e.g. „sssssssometimes I go out”; Blocking of sounds, where the mouth is in position, but no sound comes out; Muscle tension – around the eyes, nose, lips, neck, or in arms, legs, chest etc. Extra body movements may occur as the child attempts to 'push’ the word out: stamping a foot, shifting body position or finger tapping; Avoiding eye contact during a moment of stammering; Breathing may be disrupted, for example, the child may hold his breath while speaking or take an exaggerated breath before speaking. Generally the flow of speech is unevenly disrupted and this may cause distress to the speaker and the listener. […] Sometimes the child adopts strategies to try and minimise or hide the stammer. […] Some children become so adept at hiding their stammer in this manner that they may appear fluent, or just become very quiet.
  • #10 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Persistent stuttering can lead to the development of secondary behaviors, such as grimaces, jaw jerks, and head movements, which individuals use to mitigate the severity of stuttering. […] Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] Stuttering therapy can be categorized as either direct or indirect. […] Various types of speech and behavioral therapies are used to address stuttering, each offering potential benefits tailored to the individual’s needs and therapeutic objectives and responses. […] In contrast to developmental stuttering, medications can be utilized to treat neurogenic stuttering. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #11 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    Stuttering is diagnosed by a healthcare professional trained to evaluate and treat children and adults who have a problem with speech and language. This professional is called a speech-language pathologist. The speech-language pathologist listens and talks with the adult or child in different types of situations. […] After an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, you can work together to decide on the best treatment. Many different methods are available to treat children and adults who stutter. Because problems and needs vary, a method or combination of methods that’s helpful for one person may not work as well for another person. […] Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child: Improve speech fluency. Develop effective communication. Participate fully in school, work and social activities.
  • #12 Stuttering | Health Library | Memorial Health System
    https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20319029/
    Stuttering, sometimes called stammering, is a speech condition that involves problems with rhythm and flow when speaking. […] Stuttering is a speech condition that disrupts the normal flow of speech. […] Children and adults who stutter may be helped by treatments such as speech therapy, electronic devices to improve speech fluency or a form of mental health therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy. […] Stuttering can lead to problems communicating with others. […] Stuttering is diagnosed by a healthcare professional trained to evaluate and treat children and adults who have a problem with speech and language. […] After an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, you can work together to decide on the best treatment. […] Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child improve speech fluency.
  • #13 Blog | A parent’s guide to stuttering | Reid Health
    https://www.reidhealth.org/blog/a-parents-guide-to-stuttering
    Shelby Merder a Speech-Language Pathologist with Reid Health Rehabilitation Services explains that stuttering or stammering is classified as a speech disorder characterized by interruptions in the natural flow of speech. These disruptions can take the form of repetitions pauses or drawn out syllables words and phrases. […] The childs environment and how parents relate to a childs stuttering can contribute to the degree of severity. The Stuttering Foundation shares these tips for creating a positive environment for families with children struggling with speech fluency: […] Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) also identified as Speech Therapists are trained to evaluate and treat stuttering. SLPs take into consideration the severity the childs reaction when they stutter and their attempts to fix their speech. They also consider how stuttering affects the childs interactions with others and if its causing the child to do poorly in school.
  • #14 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Childhood-onset fluency disorder, the most common form of stuttering, is a neurologic disability resulting from an underlying brain abnormality that causes disfluent speech. […] Early identification of stuttering is important so that therapy can begin while compensatory changes to the brain can still occur and to minimize the chances of the patient developing social anxiety, impaired social skills, maladaptive compensatory behaviors, and negative attitudes toward communication. […] The role of family physicians includes facilitating early identification of children who stutter, arranging appropriate speech therapy, and providing support and therapy for patients experiencing psychosocial effects from stuttering. […] Families should be reassured that stuttering is primarily the result of brain abnormalities and is not the fault of the patient or family.
  • #15 Information
    https://www.cambspborochildrenshealth.nhs.uk/speech-language-and-communication/stammering/
    You can try the following techniques to help your child: Show interest in what your child is saying, not how they’re saying it. […] Ensure your child is well rested in a routine. Stammering can increase when your child is tired. Children who stammer respond well to routine and structure at home and at nursery or playgroup. […] There are some things that you may want to do to help your child with their stammer or stutter. However these can add to your child’s anxiety and frustration. […] Avoid finishing their sentences for them. It can be tempting to help them finish the word or sentence but this can cause more frustration for your child. […] Avoid telling your child to slow down, start again or take a breath when they stutter. This is unhelpful. It can make your child feel more anxious about what they are saying. […] Avoid labelling it as stammering. Use words like „bumpy speech” or „getting stuck”. You can ask your child how they would describe it and use those words to talk about the stammer.
  • #16 Stammering – Leeds Community Healthcare
    https://www.leedscommunityhealthcare.nhs.uk/our-services-a-z/child-speech-and-language-therapy/speech-and-language-therapy-toolkit-new/stammering/
    Give him/her time to finish what s/he wants to say, without interrupting or finishing his/her sentences. […] Reinforce turn-taking rules. […] Build confidence by praising the child for things they do well (not related to stammering). […] If your child appears unaware that they are stammering and is continuing to communicate happily, there is no need to draw their attention to it. […] However, some children may express that they are finding talking difficult, or show us in the way they respond to stammering that they are aware this is happening.
  • #17 Stammering | Children Young People and Families Online Resource
    https://cypf.berkshirehealthcare.nhs.uk/health-and-development/communication-and-hearing/stammering/
    Different parts of the brain are needed for speech and there are subtle differences in the development of connections between these areas in young people who stammer. Young people who stammer have a speech system that needs more time to reach that end result. Speech and language therapy activities can help by strengthening the pathways in the brain. […] Early intervention by a Speech and Language Therapist can help young children with fluency difficulties such as stammering.
  • #18 What is a Stammer? | Causes, types, signs, symptoms & treatments
    https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/safeguarding/what-is-a-stammer/
    There is no cure for stammering. A stammer can last a lifetime, or disappear in a few years, and there are no medications available that have an effect on stammering. […] After a diagnosis, a treatment plan of one or more methods will be put in place to try and reduce some of the symptoms of a stammer and relieve the impact on the individual’s daily life. […] Speech therapy, provided by a trained speech and language therapist, is used as a treatment to help the individual gain control over the speed of their speech, and recognise where they tend to pause or repeat words, sounds and syllables. […] For children, the earlier the intervention of speech therapy is introduced, the better the results will be. […] People with stammers may be severely affected by their stammer, depending on the severity of the stammer. It can damage self-esteem, which can have a long-lasting impact on the individual’s life. […] There are many charities and organisations that support individuals and their families who are living with stammers.
  • #19 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    Stuttering is diagnosed by a healthcare professional trained to evaluate and treat children and adults who have a problem with speech and language. This professional is called a speech-language pathologist. The speech-language pathologist listens and talks with the adult or child in different types of situations. […] After an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, you can work together to decide on the best treatment. Many different methods are available to treat children and adults who stutter. Because problems and needs vary, a method or combination of methods that’s helpful for one person may not work as well for another person. […] Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child: Improve speech fluency. Develop effective communication. Participate fully in school, work and social activities.
  • #20 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] In cases of suspected developmental stuttering, any child exhibiting speech patterns indicative of stutter-like disfluencies, whether reported by parents or observed clinically, should be referred to a speech-language pathologist. […] Speech therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #21 Stuttering | Health Library | Memorial Health System
    https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20319029/
    Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy can help you learn to identify and change ways of thinking that might make stuttering worse. […] If you’re the parent of a child who stutters, these tips may help: Pay close attention when listening to your child. […] It can be helpful for children, parents and adults who stutter to connect with other people who stutter or who have children who stutter. […] If stuttering causes major problems communicating, you may be able to have reasonable accommodations at work. […] Your healthcare professional or speech-language pathologist is likely to ask you questions such as: When did you first notice stuttering?
  • #22
    https://www.noblesspeechtherapy.com/stuttering-treatment
    In addition to fluency shaping, we also address the feelings of anxiety that stuttering causes. […] A complete treatment plan includes giving you strategies and methods you can use at home to support your child. […] Fluency shaping therapy is a method that uses special techniques of breathing and slowed speech to develop vocal awareness and control. […] Modification techniques are used to try to counteract these reactions so that the muscle tension that happens at these times is lowered. […] Treatment can help reduce the severity of stuttering, enabling your child to speak and live with greater confidence.
  • #23 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #24
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/treatment/
    The Lidcombe Program is a widely used direct behavioural therapy for the treatment of stammering in young children. […] Therapy with older children and adults will often take account of both the speaking behaviours and the social, emotional and psychological aspects of stammering. […] In addition to direct and indirect therapy, there are other options that can help people who stammer, particularly older children and adults with persistent stammering and those who develop stammering later in life (acquired or late-onset stammering). […] These therapies do not treat stammering directly, but can be helpful if you experience negative feelings as a result of your stammering. […] These devices are often fitted inside or around the ear, similar to a hearing aid, and can help improve the fluency of some people’s speech. […] When talking to someone who stammers, try to avoid finishing their sentences if they’re struggling to get their words out. […] Speak slowly and calmly when talking to a young child who stammers.
  • #25 Stammer (Stutter): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://patient.info/brain-nerves/stammer-stutter
    There are many different treatments for stammering. The choice of treatment will depend on the age of the person and their individual difficulties and needs. The different types of treatment for stammering include: Parental involvement (the Lidcombe approach), which involves the rest of the family helping the child to speak slowly, praising the child when they don’t stammer and occasionally correcting when the child speaks with a stammer. […] Without treatment, about 1-3 in 100 older children, teenagers and adults will have developed a persistent stammer (stutter). Many people with a stammer learn to control the stammer but still have problems if they feel stressed or speak in public.
  • #26 Stammer (Stutter): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://patient.info/brain-nerves/stammer-stutter
    There are many different treatments for stammering. The choice of treatment will depend on the age of the person and their individual difficulties and needs. The different types of treatment for stammering include: Parental involvement (the Lidcombe approach), which involves the rest of the family helping the child to speak slowly, praising the child when they don’t stammer and occasionally correcting when the child speaks with a stammer. […] Without treatment, about 1-3 in 100 older children, teenagers and adults will have developed a persistent stammer (stutter). Many people with a stammer learn to control the stammer but still have problems if they feel stressed or speak in public.
  • #27 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    A few examples of treatment methods include: Speech therapy. Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of mental health therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help you learn to identify and change ways of thinking that might make stuttering worse. […] Practicing techniques at home with your child is a key part of helping your child cope with stuttering, especially with some treatment methods. […] If stuttering causes major problems communicating, you may be able to have reasonable accommodations at work. These may vary depending on your job but can include aids needed for communication. […] Your healthcare professional or speech-language pathologist is likely to ask you questions such as: What effect has stuttering had on your life or your child’s life, such as at school or work or talking in social situations?
  • #28 What is the Best Treatment for Stammering?
    https://stammeringcare.com/what-is-the-best-treatment-for-stammering-effective-solutions-for-better-fluency/
    Stammering can be a challenging condition, but there are effective treatments available. Understanding what works best for you is crucial for improving fluency and boosting confidence. In this blog, we will explore various treatments for stammering and how they can help you. […] One of the most effective treatments for stammering is speech therapy. A qualified speech therapist will assess your specific needs and create a tailored plan. Through regular sessions, you will learn techniques to manage your speech. […] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can also be beneficial for individuals who stammer. This therapy addresses negative thought patterns and anxiety associated with speaking. A therapist will work with you to develop coping strategies, helping you manage the emotional aspects of stammering.
  • #29 Stuttering | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/stuttering?content_id=CON-20319029
    Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child improve speech fluency. […] Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy can help you learn to identify and change ways of thinking that might make stuttering worse. […] If you’re the parent of a child who stutters, these tips may help: Pay close attention when listening to your child. […] It can be helpful for children, parents and adults who stutter to connect with other people who stutter or who have children who stutter. […] If stuttering causes major problems communicating, you may be able to have reasonable accommodations at work.
  • #30
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/treatment/
    The Lidcombe Program is a widely used direct behavioural therapy for the treatment of stammering in young children. […] Therapy with older children and adults will often take account of both the speaking behaviours and the social, emotional and psychological aspects of stammering. […] In addition to direct and indirect therapy, there are other options that can help people who stammer, particularly older children and adults with persistent stammering and those who develop stammering later in life (acquired or late-onset stammering). […] These therapies do not treat stammering directly, but can be helpful if you experience negative feelings as a result of your stammering. […] These devices are often fitted inside or around the ear, similar to a hearing aid, and can help improve the fluency of some people’s speech. […] When talking to someone who stammers, try to avoid finishing their sentences if they’re struggling to get their words out. […] Speak slowly and calmly when talking to a young child who stammers.
  • #31
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/treatment/
    The Lidcombe Program is a widely used direct behavioural therapy for the treatment of stammering in young children. […] Therapy with older children and adults will often take account of both the speaking behaviours and the social, emotional and psychological aspects of stammering. […] In addition to direct and indirect therapy, there are other options that can help people who stammer, particularly older children and adults with persistent stammering and those who develop stammering later in life (acquired or late-onset stammering). […] These therapies do not treat stammering directly, but can be helpful if you experience negative feelings as a result of your stammering. […] These devices are often fitted inside or around the ear, similar to a hearing aid, and can help improve the fluency of some people’s speech. […] When talking to someone who stammers, try to avoid finishing their sentences if they’re struggling to get their words out. […] Speak slowly and calmly when talking to a young child who stammers.
  • #32
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/
    Stammering, also sometimes referred to as stuttering, affects speech and is relatively common in childhood. It can also can persist into adulthood. […] Treatment for stammering is often successful in pre-school age children, so it’s important to get advice as soon as possible. […] There are different speech and language therapy approaches that can help people who stammer to speak more easily. […] You’ll work with a therapist to choose a suitable plan tailored to your child or you. […] This may involve creating an environment where your child feels more relaxed and confident about talking, strategies to increase fluency and develop communication skills, and working on feelings associated with stammering, such as fear and anxiety. […] Electronic devices to reduce stammering are also available and can help some older children and adults, but they’re not usually available on the NHS.
  • #33 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    A few examples of treatment methods include: Speech therapy. Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of mental health therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help you learn to identify and change ways of thinking that might make stuttering worse. […] Practicing techniques at home with your child is a key part of helping your child cope with stuttering, especially with some treatment methods. […] If stuttering causes major problems communicating, you may be able to have reasonable accommodations at work. These may vary depending on your job but can include aids needed for communication. […] Your healthcare professional or speech-language pathologist is likely to ask you questions such as: What effect has stuttering had on your life or your child’s life, such as at school or work or talking in social situations?
  • #34 Stammering – Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust
    https://www.bdct.nhs.uk/stammering/
    Stammering is also sometimes referred to as stuttering. It causes changes to the rhythm and fluency of speech. […] It is vital to understand that children who stammer cannot help it. While they have the timing disturbance, stammering will be the way they talk sometimes. Therefore, it is not helpful to try to stop a child stammering or to fix how stammer on words by telling the child how to speak e.g. to slow down or to repeat the word. […] To prevent or reduce negative impact on a child’s well-being and participation we need to give them the message that it is okay to stammer; that what they say is important whether they stammer or not. […] Children who stammer need to be communicated with in the same way as any other child and comforted when they are in distress so it’s unhelpful to not look at your child when they are stammering.
  • #35 Information
    https://cambspborochildrenshealth.nhs.uk/speech-language-and-communication/stammering/
    You can try the following techniques to help your child: Show interest in what your child is saying, not how they’re saying it. […] Ensure your child is well rested in a routine. Stammering can increase when your child is tired. Children who stammer respond well to routine and structure at home and at nursery or playgroup. […] There are some things that you may want to do to help your child with their stammer or stutter. However these can add to your child’s anxiety and frustration. […] Avoid finishing their sentences for them. It can be tempting to help them finish the word or sentence but this can cause more frustration for your child. […] Avoid labelling it as stammering. Use words like „bumpy speech” or „getting stuck”. You can ask your child how they would describe it and use those words to talk about the stammer.
  • #36 Information
    https://cambspborochildrenshealth.nhs.uk/speech-language-and-communication/stammering/
    You can try the following techniques to help your child: Show interest in what your child is saying, not how they’re saying it. […] Ensure your child is well rested in a routine. Stammering can increase when your child is tired. Children who stammer respond well to routine and structure at home and at nursery or playgroup. […] There are some things that you may want to do to help your child with their stammer or stutter. However these can add to your child’s anxiety and frustration. […] Avoid finishing their sentences for them. It can be tempting to help them finish the word or sentence but this can cause more frustration for your child. […] Avoid labelling it as stammering. Use words like „bumpy speech” or „getting stuck”. You can ask your child how they would describe it and use those words to talk about the stammer.
  • #37 Top tips from the MPC – The Michael Palin Centre for Stammering
    https://michaelpalincentreforstammering.org/about-stammering/parents/tips-for-parents/
    When reminded to use fluency techniques children can get the impression that they should not stammer, that you are displeased by it, or that there is something wrong with stammering. […] Most of all children need to know that parents are not bothered about their stammer and are interested in what they’re saying. This helps them feel good about themselves and confident about talking. […] If your child does say or do something that suggests that they are noticing it, or are reacting to a moment of stammering, then don’t be afraid to acknowledge it. […] It is better to use neutral language. Talk about stammering more, or less, rather than speech being bad or good. This is to safeguard against children developing a sense that stammering is bad or is something about them that should be fixed.
  • #38 Stammering advice for parents and carers of young children – Resource Library – Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust
    https://library.sheffieldchildrens.nhs.uk/stammering-advice-for-parents-and-carers-of-young-children/
    Has your child just started stammering? […] There are lots of things that you can do to help your child carry on talking confidently and help them reduce the struggle of talking. […] Here are a few simple, but powerful, strategies that will help your child talk more easily. […] Things that may make talking easier for your child: Model a calm, slower rate of talking in conversation at home. […] Make time for 1:1 special time together as often as possible. 1:1 time provides an opportunity for your child to talk with very low demands. […] Things that may help your child to feel better about their talking: Try not to stop your child mid-flow or offer advice when they are stammering. […] Acknowledge your child’s feelings rather than asking them to calm down or offering advice. […] Normalise getting stuck with talking. […] Model calm responses to making mistakes, showing them that we all do trip up sometimes. […] Give your child specific praise for their communication skills, for example, the great stories they tell. […] Try to use neutral language when talking about stammering with or around your child.
  • #39 Stammer (Stutter): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://patient.info/brain-nerves/stammer-stutter
    There are many different treatments for stammering. The choice of treatment will depend on the age of the person and their individual difficulties and needs. The different types of treatment for stammering include: Parental involvement (the Lidcombe approach), which involves the rest of the family helping the child to speak slowly, praising the child when they don’t stammer and occasionally correcting when the child speaks with a stammer. […] Without treatment, about 1-3 in 100 older children, teenagers and adults will have developed a persistent stammer (stutter). Many people with a stammer learn to control the stammer but still have problems if they feel stressed or speak in public.
  • #40 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Stuttering, or stammering, is a language fluency disorder characterized by disruptions in speech flow, such as pauses, hesitations, and repetitions of syllables, words, or sounds. […] Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] Effective evaluation and treatment necessitate collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to understand and manage every aspect of this complex disorder appropriately. This involves crafting comprehensive care customized to each patient’s specific concerns and unique needs. […] Stuttering can significantly affect an individual’s life. […] Therefore, it is crucial to promptly diagnose and provide appropriate treatment to ensure timely management of the condition.
  • #41 Stuttering – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/symptoms-causes/syc-20353572
    Stuttering is a speech condition that disrupts the normal flow of speech. […] Stuttering is common among young children as a usual part of learning to speak. […] But sometimes stuttering is a long-term condition that remains into adulthood. This type of stuttering can affect self-esteem and communicating with other people. […] Children and adults who stutter may be helped by treatments such as speech therapy, electronic devices to improve speech fluency or a form of mental health therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy. […] It’s common for children between the ages of 2 and 5 years to go through periods when they may stutter. […] But stuttering that continues may need treatment to improve speech fluency. […] Call your healthcare professional for a referral to a specialist in speech and language called a speech-language pathologist. […] Stuttering can lead to problems communicating with others. […] Stuttering tends to run in families.
  • #42 Stuttering – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/symptoms-causes/syc-20353572
    Stuttering is a speech condition that disrupts the normal flow of speech. […] Stuttering is common among young children as a usual part of learning to speak. […] But sometimes stuttering is a long-term condition that remains into adulthood. This type of stuttering can affect self-esteem and communicating with other people. […] Children and adults who stutter may be helped by treatments such as speech therapy, electronic devices to improve speech fluency or a form of mental health therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy. […] It’s common for children between the ages of 2 and 5 years to go through periods when they may stutter. […] But stuttering that continues may need treatment to improve speech fluency. […] Call your healthcare professional for a referral to a specialist in speech and language called a speech-language pathologist. […] Stuttering can lead to problems communicating with others. […] Stuttering tends to run in families.
  • #43 International Stammering Awareness Day; stuttering is not funny – Community Care
    https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2010/10/14/international-stammering-awareness-day-stuttering-is-not-funny/
    Irina Papencheva and Phil Madden demand a fresh start in attitudes towards stammering. […] Stammering is complex in severity and pattern. Some stutterers have continuous blocks, others episodes of fluency. Stammering is more prevalent than many realise, affecting 1% of the world population. […] Many stammerers suffer severe depression and anxiety, and isolate themselves rather than be bullied and humiliated. […] Stammering can also be the underlying cause of other problems. For example, a high proportion of young offenders are stammerers. […] Many are discriminated against when applying for jobs in our image-conscious, time-pressured world. […] The most significant way forward is through self-help and empowerment, through organisations such as the British Stammering Association and, more widely, the European League of Stuttering Associations.
  • #44 International Stammering Awareness Day; stuttering is not funny – Community Care
    https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2010/10/14/international-stammering-awareness-day-stuttering-is-not-funny/
    Irina Papencheva and Phil Madden demand a fresh start in attitudes towards stammering. […] Stammering is complex in severity and pattern. Some stutterers have continuous blocks, others episodes of fluency. Stammering is more prevalent than many realise, affecting 1% of the world population. […] Many stammerers suffer severe depression and anxiety, and isolate themselves rather than be bullied and humiliated. […] Stammering can also be the underlying cause of other problems. For example, a high proportion of young offenders are stammerers. […] Many are discriminated against when applying for jobs in our image-conscious, time-pressured world. […] The most significant way forward is through self-help and empowerment, through organisations such as the British Stammering Association and, more widely, the European League of Stuttering Associations.
  • #45 International Stammering Awareness Day; stuttering is not funny – Community Care
    https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2010/10/14/international-stammering-awareness-day-stuttering-is-not-funny/
    Irina Papencheva and Phil Madden demand a fresh start in attitudes towards stammering. […] Stammering is complex in severity and pattern. Some stutterers have continuous blocks, others episodes of fluency. Stammering is more prevalent than many realise, affecting 1% of the world population. […] Many stammerers suffer severe depression and anxiety, and isolate themselves rather than be bullied and humiliated. […] Stammering can also be the underlying cause of other problems. For example, a high proportion of young offenders are stammerers. […] Many are discriminated against when applying for jobs in our image-conscious, time-pressured world. […] The most significant way forward is through self-help and empowerment, through organisations such as the British Stammering Association and, more widely, the European League of Stuttering Associations.
  • #46 International Stammering Awareness Day; stuttering is not funny – Community Care
    https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2010/10/14/international-stammering-awareness-day-stuttering-is-not-funny/
    Irina Papencheva and Phil Madden demand a fresh start in attitudes towards stammering. […] Stammering is complex in severity and pattern. Some stutterers have continuous blocks, others episodes of fluency. Stammering is more prevalent than many realise, affecting 1% of the world population. […] Many stammerers suffer severe depression and anxiety, and isolate themselves rather than be bullied and humiliated. […] Stammering can also be the underlying cause of other problems. For example, a high proportion of young offenders are stammerers. […] Many are discriminated against when applying for jobs in our image-conscious, time-pressured world. […] The most significant way forward is through self-help and empowerment, through organisations such as the British Stammering Association and, more widely, the European League of Stuttering Associations.
  • #47
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/treatment/
    There are different treatments available for stammering, depending on a person’s age and their circumstances. […] A speech and language therapist (SLT) will work with you, your child, and educational staff to make a suitable treatment plan for your child. […] An SLT can also work with adults who stammer, to find ways to improve the fluency of their speech and reduce the impact stammering has on their lives. […] Speech and language therapy is widely available on the NHS for people who stammer, although the level of service and waiting times vary across the country. […] Indirect therapy is where parents make changes to the way they communicate and the home environment, rather than focusing directly on their child’s talking. […] The aim of indirect therapy is to create an environment where a child feels less pressure when speaking.
  • #48 How to Stop Stuttering or Stammering: 5 Tips
    https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-stuttering
    Early treatment with a professional can be very helpful in preventing long-term stuttering. A parent or guardian can help children by being patient when communicating with the child, listening carefully instead of interrupting, and checking in on their progress and feelings. […] Breathing techniques, relaxation techniques, learning to speak more slowly, and addressing anxiety issues are among the techniques an SLP can use with both children and adults. […] If youre talking with someone who has a stutter, its important that you let them speak at their own pace. Trying to rush their speech will only make it more difficult for them to finish sharing their thoughts. […] Long-term support is crucial to helping your loved one work manage their stutter. […] Stuttering can be effectively managed. Practicing speech techniques and requesting patience from those with whom you communicate may help reduce your stutter over time. […] Developing a supportive network of family and friends is key. You may even find it beneficial to join a support group for people who stutter. A certified speech pathologist can give you personalized tips.
  • #49 What is the Best Treatment for Stammering?
    https://stammeringcare.com/what-is-the-best-treatment-for-stammering-effective-solutions-for-better-fluency/
    In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help manage anxiety or other underlying conditions contributing to stammering. While medications do not cure stammering, they can alleviate anxiety that affects speech. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine if medication is suitable for you. […] Joining a support group can provide valuable encouragement and understanding. Connecting with others who experience similar challenges can help you feel less isolated. Many organizations offer resources, workshops, and networking opportunities. […] In addition to professional treatments, there are several self-help techniques that can aid in managing stammering. These include practicing slow speech, using visualization techniques, and engaging in reading aloud. […] Finding the best treatment for stammering involves exploring various options and identifying what works best for you. Whether through speech therapy, CBT, medications, or support groups, effective solutions are available. Remember, stammering does not define you, and with the right treatment, you can achieve better fluency and confidence in your speech.
  • #50 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    A few examples of treatment methods include: Speech therapy. Speech therapy can teach you to slow down your speech and learn to notice when you stutter. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of mental health therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help you learn to identify and change ways of thinking that might make stuttering worse. […] Practicing techniques at home with your child is a key part of helping your child cope with stuttering, especially with some treatment methods. […] If stuttering causes major problems communicating, you may be able to have reasonable accommodations at work. These may vary depending on your job but can include aids needed for communication. […] Your healthcare professional or speech-language pathologist is likely to ask you questions such as: What effect has stuttering had on your life or your child’s life, such as at school or work or talking in social situations?
  • #51 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #52 Becoming a nurse with a stammer | STAMMA
    https://stamma.org/your-voice/becoming-nurse-stammer
    Newly qualified nurse Abbey Ludkin talks about her hospital training placements, seeing her confidence grow, and how rewarding the experience has been. […] Today marks one month since I qualified as a Registered Nurse. As an adult with a stammer, I can’t believe I’ve come this far and I am so proud of myself. […] Going to university to study nursing wasn’t easy, but it was the best decision I ever made. […] Most of the time I forget my stammer even exists, because the patients come first. […] Patients are usually lovely towards me and don’t mind when I stammer. I try my best to put them at ease before and during their surgery and they all seem to really appreciate it. […] So to those of you who stammer and think that you wouldn’t be suitable for a profession which involves lots of talking honestly, just go for it! […] Occasionally I have a very mentally draining shift where I stammer a lot. Most of the time I forget my stammer even exists, because the patients come first. But more often than not I go home satisfied and proud of myself.
  • #53 Becoming a nurse with a stammer | STAMMA
    https://stamma.org/your-voice/becoming-nurse-stammer
    Newly qualified nurse Abbey Ludkin talks about her hospital training placements, seeing her confidence grow, and how rewarding the experience has been. […] Today marks one month since I qualified as a Registered Nurse. As an adult with a stammer, I can’t believe I’ve come this far and I am so proud of myself. […] Going to university to study nursing wasn’t easy, but it was the best decision I ever made. […] Most of the time I forget my stammer even exists, because the patients come first. […] Patients are usually lovely towards me and don’t mind when I stammer. I try my best to put them at ease before and during their surgery and they all seem to really appreciate it. […] So to those of you who stammer and think that you wouldn’t be suitable for a profession which involves lots of talking honestly, just go for it! […] Occasionally I have a very mentally draining shift where I stammer a lot. Most of the time I forget my stammer even exists, because the patients come first. But more often than not I go home satisfied and proud of myself.
  • #54 Psychiatry Nursing Journal
    https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/PNJ/article/view/46403
    Stuttering is a speaking disorder where the flow of speech is blocked by an involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetition and prolongation, causing; anxiety, depression, and embarrassment for a person. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of a stutterer nurses caring for the patients at clinical site. […] Stuttering does not necessarily impact a nurse’s ability to provide compassionate and competent care. By using strategies to manage stuttering and seeking support from colleagues and supervisors, a nurse who stutters can effectively communicate with patients and excel in their clinical practice.
  • #55 Telling The Truth: A Nurse Who Stutters – General Nursing Support
    https://allnurses.com/telling-the-truth-a-nurse-t375163/
    There are times when I am stressed, and not of those stressful situation have affected my job as a nurse at all. […] I pause mid sentence a lot of times too. […] I found by expert learning, I had more confidence and stuttered less to none. […] I have done more than what I ever thought I could do. One of my goals is to teach health because I love it so much. […] I am also 99.99% sure that it would be extremely illegal if you were fired because of this!
  • #56 Telling The Truth: A Nurse Who Stutters – General Nursing Support
    https://allnurses.com/telling-the-truth-a-nurse-t375163/
    I am a nurse who stammers. Most people may or may not know that I stammer because for years I have done thinks to cover it up. […] Before I started my nursing job I saw a speech therapist and he encouraged me to just tell people that I stutter and not be embarassed about it. […] It is so embarassing. I tend to go out in the hall and do my report because the nurses station is so crowded, and I don’t want anyone to hear me stammer. […] I am a good nurse, I just have a speech impediment. […] I fear that if I tell my Director of Nursing, she will fire me. […] If your speech impairment hasn’t affected your job in a negative way, then I think you should just carry on and see your speech therapist as much as you can. […] I would rather have a stuttering, kind, capable nurse then the ones who spoke plainly but were pushy and rude.
  • #57 Blank Center CARE Model Manual – Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education
    https://blankcenterforstuttering.org/manual/
    The Blank Center CARE Model offers a distinct, non-ableist approach to stuttering treatment that rests on the evidence-based understanding that when children, teens, and adults […] they are empowered to Dream. Speak. Live. […] The manual is divided into four main sections, each detailing one pillar of the Blank Center CARE Model. […] In implementing whole-person CARE, you will not only be helping to empower individuals who stutter to Dream. Speak. Live. in your setting, you will also be supporting the Blank Center’s mission to end stigmatization on a global scale. […] The Blank Center CARE Model Manual is an invaluable asset for SLPs aiming to holistically work with children who stutter. […] The CARE model shifts the focus from fluency to a more holistic approach focusing on communication, advocacy, resiliency, and education.
  • #58 Blank Center CARE Model Manual – Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education
    https://blankcenterforstuttering.org/manual/
    The Blank Center CARE Model offers a distinct, non-ableist approach to stuttering treatment that rests on the evidence-based understanding that when children, teens, and adults […] they are empowered to Dream. Speak. Live. […] The manual is divided into four main sections, each detailing one pillar of the Blank Center CARE Model. […] In implementing whole-person CARE, you will not only be helping to empower individuals who stutter to Dream. Speak. Live. in your setting, you will also be supporting the Blank Center’s mission to end stigmatization on a global scale. […] The Blank Center CARE Model Manual is an invaluable asset for SLPs aiming to holistically work with children who stutter. […] The CARE model shifts the focus from fluency to a more holistic approach focusing on communication, advocacy, resiliency, and education.
  • #59 Blank Center CARE Model Manual – Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education
    https://blankcenterforstuttering.org/manual/
    The CARE manual gives therapists a useful platform to apply the pillars of the CARE model into everyday therapy. […] I think every school-based SLP needs this manual on their desk! […] After seeing the life changing impact of the Blank Center for Stuttering Education and Research on my son, I am championing the implementation of the CARE model across every school district in Maryland.
  • #60 Treatment – Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education
    https://blankcenterforstuttering.org/treatment/
    Camp Dream. Speak. Live. is our annual evidence-based intensive therapy program for children and teens who stutter. The protocol for this program has been manualized, and the positive results have been replicated worldwide. […] Our unique and uplifting mentorship program provides participants of all ages a sense of purpose and belonging. Through weekly peer-to-peer support, developing collaborative advocacy projects, exploring leadership opportunities, and discovering increased self-confidence and compassion along the way, participants are provided with the opportunity to take what they have learned through our daily and intensive CARE and pay-it-forward. […] This weekly program is offered virtually and is open to all community stakeholders, including caregivers, partners, teachers, speech-language pathologists, other professionals, etc., as a safe space for guidance, and support.
  • #61 Living with a stammer – The YOU Trust
    https://theyoutrust.org.uk/living-with-a-stammer/
    I have always been very open and honest about my abilities and my stammer. […] In 2018, I enrolled in a three-day intensive speech course where I met other people with stammers. […] I was so ready to make a change and be able to control my stammer. […] I have now attended the starfish course six time and I aim to go at least once a year. […] I recently set up a Starfish support group. Itll be starting in August and will be each month in Waterlooville. […] I also want to help my community and to support others.
  • #62 Treatment – Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education
    https://blankcenterforstuttering.org/treatment/
    Camp Dream. Speak. Live. is our annual evidence-based intensive therapy program for children and teens who stutter. The protocol for this program has been manualized, and the positive results have been replicated worldwide. […] Our unique and uplifting mentorship program provides participants of all ages a sense of purpose and belonging. Through weekly peer-to-peer support, developing collaborative advocacy projects, exploring leadership opportunities, and discovering increased self-confidence and compassion along the way, participants are provided with the opportunity to take what they have learned through our daily and intensive CARE and pay-it-forward. […] This weekly program is offered virtually and is open to all community stakeholders, including caregivers, partners, teachers, speech-language pathologists, other professionals, etc., as a safe space for guidance, and support.
  • #63 International Stammering Awareness Day – 22 October :: Derbyshire Community Health Services
    https://dchs.nhs.uk/my_dchs/show-me/staff-news-my-download/international-stammering-awareness-day-22-october
    STAMMA provide a wealth of helpful information and resources for parents, teenagers, adults, teachers and employers on stammering and the support that is available. They also offer a helpline and webchat service, which is run by people experienced in stammering – volunteers who stammer, relatives of people who stammers or those working in the field. Its free and confidential. Call 0808 802 0002 (weekdays 10am-12pm 6pm-8pm) or email [email protected]
  • #64 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Stuttering, or stammering, is a language fluency disorder characterized by disruptions in speech flow, such as pauses, hesitations, and repetitions of syllables, words, or sounds. […] Stuttering is a relatively common condition with a global prevalence of around 80 million and poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers. […] Effective evaluation and treatment necessitate collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to understand and manage every aspect of this complex disorder appropriately. This involves crafting comprehensive care customized to each patient’s specific concerns and unique needs. […] Clinicians should seek the following characterizations when assessing developmental (and persistent) stuttering: Blockades and other disfluencies often occur at the beginning of utterances.
  • #65 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Persistent stuttering can lead to the development of secondary behaviors, such as grimaces, jaw jerks, and head movements, which individuals use to mitigate the severity of stuttering. […] Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] Stuttering therapy can be categorized as either direct or indirect. […] Various types of speech and behavioral therapies are used to address stuttering, each offering potential benefits tailored to the individual’s needs and therapeutic objectives and responses. […] In contrast to developmental stuttering, medications can be utilized to treat neurogenic stuttering. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #66 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] In cases of suspected developmental stuttering, any child exhibiting speech patterns indicative of stutter-like disfluencies, whether reported by parents or observed clinically, should be referred to a speech-language pathologist. […] Speech therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #67 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Persistent stuttering can lead to the development of secondary behaviors, such as grimaces, jaw jerks, and head movements, which individuals use to mitigate the severity of stuttering. […] Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] Stuttering therapy can be categorized as either direct or indirect. […] Various types of speech and behavioral therapies are used to address stuttering, each offering potential benefits tailored to the individual’s needs and therapeutic objectives and responses. […] In contrast to developmental stuttering, medications can be utilized to treat neurogenic stuttering. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #68 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Persistent stuttering can lead to the development of secondary behaviors, such as grimaces, jaw jerks, and head movements, which individuals use to mitigate the severity of stuttering. […] Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] Stuttering therapy can be categorized as either direct or indirect. […] Various types of speech and behavioral therapies are used to address stuttering, each offering potential benefits tailored to the individual’s needs and therapeutic objectives and responses. […] In contrast to developmental stuttering, medications can be utilized to treat neurogenic stuttering. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #69 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603738/
    Persistent stuttering can lead to the development of secondary behaviors, such as grimaces, jaw jerks, and head movements, which individuals use to mitigate the severity of stuttering. […] Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] Stuttering therapy can be categorized as either direct or indirect. […] Various types of speech and behavioral therapies are used to address stuttering, each offering potential benefits tailored to the individual’s needs and therapeutic objectives and responses. […] In contrast to developmental stuttering, medications can be utilized to treat neurogenic stuttering. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #70 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] In cases of suspected developmental stuttering, any child exhibiting speech patterns indicative of stutter-like disfluencies, whether reported by parents or observed clinically, should be referred to a speech-language pathologist. […] Speech therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #71 Stuttering (Stammering) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK603738/
    Treatment protocols should be formulated to address the patient’s concerns effectively, ensuring that therapeutic objectives align with the patient’s goals. […] In cases of suspected developmental stuttering, any child exhibiting speech patterns indicative of stutter-like disfluencies, whether reported by parents or observed clinically, should be referred to a speech-language pathologist. […] Speech therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. […] Regardless of the underlying cause of stuttering, referral for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and counseling is crucial. […] An interprofessional healthcare team approach is necessary for effectively managing stuttering, ensuring prompt diagnosis, timely referrals, appropriate management plans, and ethical patient care.
  • #72 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #73 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #74 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    Stuttering is diagnosed by a healthcare professional trained to evaluate and treat children and adults who have a problem with speech and language. This professional is called a speech-language pathologist. The speech-language pathologist listens and talks with the adult or child in different types of situations. […] After an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, you can work together to decide on the best treatment. Many different methods are available to treat children and adults who stutter. Because problems and needs vary, a method or combination of methods that’s helpful for one person may not work as well for another person. […] Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child: Improve speech fluency. Develop effective communication. Participate fully in school, work and social activities.
  • #75 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #76 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Patients with stuttering should be evaluated for secondary psychosocial effects and offered appropriate treatment. […] Therapy for persistent stuttering should be individualized and focused on developing effective compensatory techniques and eliminating ineffective secondary behaviors. […] The family physician should support parents and other caregivers and address parental guilt, anxiety, and frustration as needed. […] Even if they are not interested in pursuing formal speech therapy, it is important to evaluate people with persistent stuttering for the presence of secondary emotional, social, and psychological effects, especially feelings of isolation, social anxiety, and depression, and offer appropriate treatment. […] Advocacy is also an important role for the family physician, beginning with making the clinic setting more comfortable for people who stutter. […] Finally, family physicians are well positioned to educate teachers, coaches, employers, and others in the patient’s life about the etiology of stuttering and the specific challenges patients face.
  • #77 Stuttering: Understanding and Treating a Common Disability | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1101/p556.html
    Childhood-onset fluency disorder, the most common form of stuttering, is a neurologic disability resulting from an underlying brain abnormality that causes disfluent speech. […] Early identification of stuttering is important so that therapy can begin while compensatory changes to the brain can still occur and to minimize the chances of the patient developing social anxiety, impaired social skills, maladaptive compensatory behaviors, and negative attitudes toward communication. […] The role of family physicians includes facilitating early identification of children who stutter, arranging appropriate speech therapy, and providing support and therapy for patients experiencing psychosocial effects from stuttering. […] Families should be reassured that stuttering is primarily the result of brain abnormalities and is not the fault of the patient or family.
  • #78 Stammering – Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust
    https://www.bdct.nhs.uk/stammering/
    In order to develop emotional intelligence, children’s feelings need to be understood and communicated back to them in a way that demonstrates care. This helps build resilience, confidence and self-esteem as well as strengthening the relationship with your child. […] Your child has a voice; they can communicate. They also need to learn the rules of effective communication such as, listening and turn-taking. […] Phrases like, slow down or take your time; take a deep breath or calm down; say it again or say it properly; or think before you speak give your child the message that they are speaking incorrectly, which may cause them to develop negative thoughts and feelings about their speech.
  • #79
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stammering/treatment/
    There are different treatments available for stammering, depending on a person’s age and their circumstances. […] A speech and language therapist (SLT) will work with you, your child, and educational staff to make a suitable treatment plan for your child. […] An SLT can also work with adults who stammer, to find ways to improve the fluency of their speech and reduce the impact stammering has on their lives. […] Speech and language therapy is widely available on the NHS for people who stammer, although the level of service and waiting times vary across the country. […] Indirect therapy is where parents make changes to the way they communicate and the home environment, rather than focusing directly on their child’s talking. […] The aim of indirect therapy is to create an environment where a child feels less pressure when speaking.
  • #80 Stammering – Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust
    https://www.bdct.nhs.uk/stammering/
    In order to develop emotional intelligence, children’s feelings need to be understood and communicated back to them in a way that demonstrates care. This helps build resilience, confidence and self-esteem as well as strengthening the relationship with your child. […] Your child has a voice; they can communicate. They also need to learn the rules of effective communication such as, listening and turn-taking. […] Phrases like, slow down or take your time; take a deep breath or calm down; say it again or say it properly; or think before you speak give your child the message that they are speaking incorrectly, which may cause them to develop negative thoughts and feelings about their speech.
  • #81 International Stammering Awareness Day; stuttering is not funny – Community Care
    https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2010/10/14/international-stammering-awareness-day-stuttering-is-not-funny/
    The aim is improve public awareness and understanding, and also professional awareness and competence. […] This applies to social care professionals as well as those in health and education. […] Social care agencies should also have an explicit communication charter to set out how they will respond to specific communication needs such as stammering. […] Then, of course, everyone has the responsibility to be aware, to be sensitive in our conversations and meetings and, above all, to remember it’s NOT funny!
  • #82 Stuttering – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353577
    Stuttering is diagnosed by a healthcare professional trained to evaluate and treat children and adults who have a problem with speech and language. This professional is called a speech-language pathologist. The speech-language pathologist listens and talks with the adult or child in different types of situations. […] After an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist, you can work together to decide on the best treatment. Many different methods are available to treat children and adults who stutter. Because problems and needs vary, a method or combination of methods that’s helpful for one person may not work as well for another person. […] Treatment may not get rid of all stuttering, but it can teach skills that help you or your child: Improve speech fluency. Develop effective communication. Participate fully in school, work and social activities.