Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/symptoms-causes/syc-20351240

  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. A sexually transmitted infection may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids. […] Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by: Bacteria. Gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia are examples of STDs that are caused by bacteria. […] Parasites. Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a parasite. […] Viruses. STDs caused by viruses include human papillomavirus (HPV), the herpes simplex virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)

  More than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. […] Eight pathogens are linked to the greatest incidence of STIs. Of these, 4 are currently curable: syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. The other 4 are viral infections: hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV). […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] STIs like herpes, gonorrhoea and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV acquisition. […] HPV infection causes cervical and other cancers. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] AMR for other STIs, like Mycoplasma genitalium, also exist but are not systematically monitored.

• #1 Chlamydia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4023-chlamydia

  Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. […] Chlamydia infections spread through sexual contact, when vaginal fluid or semen containing the bacteria that causes chlamydia travels from one person to another. […] Chlamydia is the most common STI caused by bacteria. […] Higher rates of transmission among certain groups are less about sexual behavior and more about networks and lack of access to STI prevention resources. […] Chlamydia can be cleared up with antibiotics in about a week or two. […] Chlamydia can be treated and cured. […] Untreated chlamydia can put your health at risk. […] Untreated chlamydia can cause serious harm to your health. […] If you’re pregnant and have chlamydia, you can pass it on to your newborn.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian of Aorta: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds

  Chlamydia is a common STD that can remain in the body without causing symptoms and potentially permanently damage the female reproductive system if left untreated. […] Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that can cause no symptoms or, most commonly, symptoms occurring along the genital tract. […] Trichomoniasis. This STD is caused by a parasite that can cause painful urination, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and genital itching in women. […] Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. […] Every STD can present with different symptoms, or in many cases, no symptoms. […] Some STDs can cause serious or permanent damage to the body if left untreated, even if they never cause symptoms. […] STDs are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse but can be passed from person to person in additional ways as well.

• #1 How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-prevent-stis

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread by sexual contact. STIs are caused by infections with bacteria or viruses. STIs caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics. STIs caused by viruses cannot be cured, but symptoms can be treated. […] Symptoms of gonorrhea and chlamydia may include the following: Discharge from the vagina or penis. […] Syphilis is caused by bacteria. The bacteria that cause syphilis enter the body through a cut in the skin or through contact with a partner’s syphilis sore. […] Hepatitis is a serious infection of the liver caused by a virus. Two types of hepatitis, B and C, can be sexually transmitted. They can be spread by direct contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva of an infected person.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  STIs are very common. For example, 26 million people in the US caught an STI in 2018, according to the CDC. […] Chlamydia is a bacterial infection and is treatable with antibiotics. It is one of the most common STIs. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive organs and make it difficult to get pregnant. […] Gonorrhea is an infection that can affect the genitals, rectum, and throat. Typically, antibiotics can cure the infection. However, over the years, strains of gonorrhea have developed antibiotic resistance. […] Genital herpes is a chronic, lifelong viral infection that has no cure. […] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that has no cure. […] Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in the United States. […] Mycoplasma genitalium (mgen) is an STI that spreads through vaginal and anal sex without a condom.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): 12 types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Herpes can also increase the chance of contracting or transmitting HIV. […] Hepatitis B can cause a long-term infection and result in liver damage. […] This infection can pass to a baby during pregnancy or delivery. […] Trichomoniasis, or trich, can affect anyone but is more common in females. […] Trich can also lead to pregnancy complications and increase the chance of contracting and transmitting HIV. […] HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. […] HIV makes a person more prone to certain other infections. […] Once someone has HIV, the virus will be present in their bodily fluids, including semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal and rectal fluids. […] HPV is common. […] Some types of HPV can cause genital warts. […] Having HPV can also increase the risk of cervical cancer and throat cancer.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian of Aorta: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds

  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections passed from person to person through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Sometimes known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), some of these diseases can also rarely be passed on through intimate skin-to-skin contact. […] There are many types of STDs caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. […] Some common STDs include: HIV/AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Genital herpes. This condition is caused by two types of viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). […] Syphilis is a bacterial infection that often remains in the body without causing symptoms, but can eventually cause severe damage to the body’s organs if left untreated.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread predominantly by unprotected sexual contact. […] Some STIs can also be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding and through infected blood or blood products. […] STIs have a profound impact on health. If untreated, they can lead to serious consequences including neurological and cardiovascular disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirths, and increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). […] The most common and curable STIs are trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. […] Rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat for untreatable gonorrhoea. […] Viral STIs including HIV, genital herpes simplex virus (HSV), viral hepatitis B, human papillomavirus (HPV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) lack or have limited treatment options.

• #1 What causes sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? | NICHD – Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/causes

  There are three major causes of STDs/STIs: […] Bacteria, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis […] Viruses, including HIV/AIDS, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Zika […] Parasites, such as trichomonas vaginalis, or insects such as crab lice or scabies mites. Any STI can be spread through sexual activity including sexual intercourse, and some STIs also are spread through oral sex and other sexual activity. […] In addition, sharing contaminated needles, such as those used to inject drugs, or using contaminated body piercing or tattooing equipment also can transmit some infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. […] Regardless of how a person is exposed, once a person is infected by an STI, he or she can spread the infection to other people through oral, vaginal, or anal sex, even if he or she has no symptoms.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): 12 types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) usually pass from one person to another through sexual contact. […] Treatment depends on the type of STI. […] STIs can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation or hygiene standards. […] Many STIs can spread through nonpenetrative sexual activity. […] Chlamydia results from an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Chlamydia can also affect the rectum if it occurs due to anal sex or spreads from another body area. […] Crabs, or pubic lice, usually attach to pubic hair. […] Pubic lice can transmit during close physical contact, including sexual contact. […] The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that can affect various parts of the body. […] HSV-2 usually affects the genital area, the anal area, and the mouth. […] Both types of HSV can transmit from person to person when the skin has no visible sores.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): 12 types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that is usually benign. […] Among adults, transmission tends to occur through skin-to-skin contact or lesions, such as during sexual activity. […] Scabies is a skin condition that develops due to Sarcoptes scabiei, which is a mite. […] This condition can cause a very itchy, pimple-like rash to appear anywhere on the body. […] Syphilis stems from an infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum. […] The bacterium can spread at any point during the infection. […] Gonorrhea is an infection that develops due to the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. […] Gonorrhea can transmit during oral, vaginal, or anal sex. […] Chancroid is a rare bacterial infection that develops due to Haemophilus ducreyi. […] It can only spread through sexual contact.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9138-sexually-transmitted-diseases–infections-stds–stis

  Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are infections or conditions that you can get from any kind of sexual activity involving your mouth, anus, vagina or penis. […] Sexually transmitted infections develop when various bacteria, viruses or parasites infect your body. […] Yes, sexually transmitted infections (sexually transmitted diseases) are contagious. Most STIs pass from person to person by sexual contact through bodily fluids or from skin-to-skin contact by touching the infected part of a persons body, usually the genitals. […] Sexually transmitted infections can cause lifelong complications if left untreated. Common complications from untreated STIs include the following: HIV can lead to AIDS. […] Many sexually transmitted infections (sexually transmitted diseases) can be cured. Unfortunately, there isnt a cure for all STIs. Conditions like HIV require lifelong care and treatment.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), previously known as sexually transmitted diseases, involve the transmission of an organism between sexual partners through different routes of sexual contact, either oral, anal, or vaginal. […] STIs are a worldwide health problem and should be recognized by all public health agencies. STIs are more frequently underrecognized and have a higher incidence in medically underserved populations. The presenting condition or disease depends on the specific organism, route, signs, and symptoms. Risk factors that increase the transmission of STIs include having unprotected sexual contact with multiple partners, having a history of STIs, sexual assault, prostitution, having a sexual partner who has additional concurrent sexual contacts or a prior history of an STI, and using alcohol or recreational drugs. Specific causative organisms are outlined below.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections | STIs | Venereal Disease | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They are usually spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This is because some STIs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact. […] Some STIs can be passed to the fetus during pregnancy or during childbirth. Other ways that some STIs may be spread include during breastfeeding, through blood transfusions, or by sharing needles. […] STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. […] Most STIs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If an STI is passed to a baby, it can cause serious health problems.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) | Symptoms, Complications & Causes

  https://clarewellclinics.co.uk/sti/symptoms/

  Sexually Transmitted Infections, popularly called STIs, are primarily transmitted through sexual (e.g. vaginal, anal and oral sex) or intimate contact. […] These infections can also spread through contact with infected blood and body fluids. […] STIs can be transmitted in the following ways: Unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex, Sharing of unclean sex toys (with/without a condom), Very close contact with partners genitals, Infected semen and/or vaginal fluid in the eye, During childbirth from infected mother, Exposure to blood or body fluids.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections Workgroup – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/about/workgroups/sexually-transmitted-infections-workgroup

  Members of the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Workgroup have expertise in areas including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, herpes, and HPV (human papilloma virus). […] STIs are very common. Millions of new infections happen every year in the United States. STIs are passed from one person to another through sexual activity including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. […] Biological factors that affect the spread and complications of STIs include: Asymptomatic nature of STIs. The majority of STIs either don’t have any symptoms or signs or they cause symptoms so mild that they aren’t noticeable. Therefore, many people who have STIs don’t know they need medical care. […] Gender disparities. Women have more frequent and more serious STI complications than men. Among the most serious STI complications are pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside of the uterus), infertility, and chronic pelvic pain.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infections

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are also called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs. STIs are usually spread by having vaginal, oral, or anal sex. More than 9 million women in the United States are diagnosed with an STI each year. Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men, including infertility. […] An STI is an infection passed from one person to another person through sexual contact. An infection is when a bacteria, virus, or parasite enters and grows in or on your body. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs. […] Nearly 20 million people in the United States get an STI each year. These infections affect women and men of all backgrounds and economic levels. But half of all new infections are among young people 15 to 24 years old. […] Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men: Chlamydia and gonorrhea, left untreated, raise the risk of chronic pelvic pain and life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia and gonorrhea also can cause infertility. Untreated syphilis in pregnant women results in infant death up to 40% of the time. Women have a higher risk than men of getting an STI during unprotected vaginal sex. Unprotected anal sex puts women at even more risk for getting an STI than unprotected vaginal sex.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections Workgroup – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/about/workgroups/sexually-transmitted-infections-workgroup

  Age disparities. Young people ages 15 to 24 years account for half of all new cases of STIs yet they represent only 25 percent of the sexually active population. Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for infection because of increased cervical ectopy (erosion). […] The spread of STIs is directly affected by social, economic, and behavioral factors. These factors may cause serious obstacles to STI prevention due to their influence on social and sexual networks, access to and provision of care, willingness to seek care, and social norms regarding sex and sexuality. […] Social, economic, and behavioral factors that affect the spread of STIs include: Racial and ethnic disparities. Certain racial/ethnic groups (mainly African American, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations) have high rates of STIs, compared with rates for whites.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections

  https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/other-related-health-issues/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. They are caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. […] Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems. […] STIs in the United States have increased in the past 5 years and are a public health crisis. Many STIs do not have symptoms, but when left undetected and untreated they can lead to serious health consequences. […] If you have HIV, it can be harder to treat STIs, especially if you have a low CD4 count. […] But even if you are taking HIV medicine and your viral load is undetectable, it will not prevent you from getting other STIs, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis. […] Doxy PEP has been proven to reduce your chances of getting a bacterial STI (syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea) by about two-thirds. […] However, while having an undetectable viral load will prevent you from passing HIV, it will not prevent you from transmitting other STIs to your sexual partners. […] Many STIs are curable and all are treatable.

• #1 STIs: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/std-causes-3133097

  The more partners you have, the more likely it is that you will be exposed to an STI. Furthermore, people with multiple partners tend to have partners with multiple partners. […] STIs are largely preventable. While abstaining from all sexual contact is the only way to completely prevent getting a sexually transmitted infection, only having sex in a mutually monogamous relationship can also improve your odds of not acquiring an STI. In addition, practicing safer sex every time you engage in sexual activity can dramatically decrease your risk of contracting an STI.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections Workgroup – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/about/workgroups/sexually-transmitted-infections-workgroup

  Poverty and marginalization. STIs disproportionately affect disadvantaged people and people in social networks where high-risk sexual behavior is common and where access to care or health-seeking behavior is compromised. […] Access to health care. Access to high-quality health care is essential for early detection, treatment, and behavior-change counseling for STIs. […] Substance abuse. Many studies document the association of substance abuse with STIs. The introduction of new illicit substances into communities can drastically change sexual behaviors in high-risk sexual networks, leading to the epidemic spread of STIs. […] Stigma and secrecy. Perhaps the most important social factors contributing to the spread of STIs in the United States are the stigma associated with STIs and general discomfort with talking about sex. […] Sexual networks. Sexual networks refer to groups of people who can be considered linked by sexual partners. A person may have only 1 sex partner but if that partner is a member of a risky sexual network, then the person is at higher risk for STIs than a similar individual from a lower-risk network.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/

  Male circumcision appears to significantly reduce the likelihood of acquiring several STIs, including human papillomavirus, genital herpes, and especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), where the infective risk decreases by 50% to 60%. […] The 7 most common STIs include 5 curable infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomonas) and three incurable but treatable conditions (herpes simplex virus, HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Of note, hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also be transmitted sexually but are more commonly spread through other forms of exposure. […] The likelihood of contracting these conditions depends on the prevalence of the disease, patient behavior, and underlying comorbidities. Early screening and recognition of STIs are key to preventing disease spread, morbidity, and mortality. These infections are more frequently underrecognized and have a higher incidence in medically underserved populations.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases that pass between sexual partners. The germ that causes an STI can be a virus, bacteria, or fungus. […] STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Often, people don’t know they have an STI or STD because they have no symptoms. […] Most STIs are bacteria, and a round of antibiotics will cure them. In many cases, you can live a totally normal life after getting treatment for an STI. Some STIs are chronic, meaning there is no cure for the infection, and they will require life-long medicine. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are when a virus, bacteria, or fungus passes from one person to another during sex or other activities that involve body fluids. […] Many STIs are curable, but not all. Some can cause serious health problems if they are not treated early, including damage to your organs.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infections: Causes, symptoms and more | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-diseases/

  Hepatitis B and C can be spread by contact with an infected person’s blood. […] HSV is categorized into two specific types of viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. […] HIV is a virus that affects the body’s immune system. […] HPV is the most common STI diagnosed in the United States. […] Syphilis is an infection caused by a type of bacteria called Treponema pallidum. […] Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. […] Pubic lice are parasites that are usually found in the genital area on pubic hair. […] Getting tested for STIs and STDs is easy. […] If you think you’ve been exposed to an STI or STD, it’s important to get tested. […] The incubation period is the time it takes from exposure to when you may start experiencing symptoms. […] Regular testing, especially when you’re with a new partner, is also a good way to protect yourself. […] Limiting your number of sexual partners and being in a long-term monogamous relationship with one sexual partner can help you protect yourself, too.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics used to treat STIs, in particular gonorrhoea, has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced successful treatment outcomes. […] The emergence of decreased susceptibility of gonorrhoea to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, together with established high-levels of resistance to penicillins, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones and macrolides make gonorrhoea a multidrug-resistant organism. […] AMR for other STIs, though less common, also exists, making prevention and prompt treatment critical.

• #1 Booklet: Sexually Transmitted Infections – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/booklet-sexually-transmitted-infections.html

  Sexually transmitted infections, commonly called STI for short, are infections you can get if you have vaginal, oral or anal sex or intimate skin-to-skin contact with someone. […] There are quite a few STI that can be treated and cured with antibiotics, or a combination of antibiotics. Herpes and HIV can’t be cured, but they can be treated effectively. Other STI, such as hepatitis B and HPV can be prevented with vaccines. […] However, some STI, including gonorrhea, syphilis and chlamydia are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. This means these infections may become untreatable someday because antibiotics may no longer work. […] If left untreated or if treatment isn’t completed, STI can persist or recur, and can cause serious health problems. […] Long-term effects on your fertility and/or other gynaecological issues (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea) include pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause abscesses and scarring in the vagina, uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) – Campus Health Center

  https://health.wayne.edu/education/programs/sti

  The CDC estimates that there are 20 million new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) each year, just in the United States alone. […] While many STIs can be treated, they are untreated because symptoms may not be evident. With STIs going untreated, they can possibly cause serious issues like infertility or cancer. Some STIs like HIV and HPV are cureless. […] Chlamydia is a common STI that is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex. […] If left untreated in a woman, it can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes (affecting fertilized eggs), causing inflammatory disease and permanent damage to the reproductive system. […] Gonorrhea is a common STI that causes infections in the genitals, rectum and throat. […] If left untreated, serious and permanent health problems can occur. For women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and for men, it can cause pain in testicles and possible sterility.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections

  You can get a sexually transmitted infection (STI) from having unprotected sex or intimate physical contact with someone whos infected. […] A sexually transmitted infection (also called STI, sexually transmitted disease or STD) is an infection you can get from having unprotected sex or intimate physical contact with someone who is infected. STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. […] Some STIs can spread in ways other than sex. For example, you can get some STIs, like HIV, syphilis and herpes, by having direct contact with body fluids from an infected person. […] You can pass some STIs to your baby during pregnancy, labor, birth and breastfeeding. STIs can cause serious problems for babies. […] Having an STI during pregnancy can cause serious problems for you and your baby, including: Preterm birth.

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide

  Sexually transmitted viruses include: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): causes AIDS; herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: cause genital herpes; human papillomavirus: causes genital warts and certain subtypes lead to cervical cancer in women; hepatitis B virus: causes hepatitis and chronic cases may lead to cancer of the liver. […] The most common sexually transmitted parasite is Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes vaginal trichomoniasis. […] Sexually transmitted infections can often be present without symptoms. For example, up to 50% of women and 10% of men don’t experience any symptoms of gonorrhoea. […] Even asymptomatic infections can however lead to the development of serious complications. […] Complications include chronic infection, and serious delayed consequences such as: infertility; ectopic pregnancy; cervical cancer in women; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women; congenital infections (for example, syphilis); adverse pregnancy outcomes; the untimely death of infants and adults. […] Prevention and control of STIs rely on: safer sexual practices such as condom use; prompt diagnosis and treatment of disease; partner notification; vaccination (for people meeting relevant eligibility criteria for vaccination; for example, for HPV, HepA, HepB or mpox).

• #1 Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/overview-of-sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infection (STI) refers to infection with a pathogen that is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. […] STIs can be caused by a number of microorganisms that vary widely in size, life cycle, susceptibility to available treatments and the diseases and symptoms they cause. […] Many other infections not considered primarily to be STIs including salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, hepatitis (A, B, and C), Zika virus infection, monkeypox (mpox), and cytomegalovirus infection can be transmitted sexually. […] Some STIs cause inflammation (eg, in gonorrhea or chlamydial infection) or ulceration (eg, in herpes simplex, syphilis, or chancroid), which predispose to transmission of other infections (eg, HIV).

• #1 Core Concepts – Sexually Transmitted Infections – Co-Occurring Conditions – National HIV Curriculum

  https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/co-occurring-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-infections/core-concept/all

  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) incorporate a variety of clinical syndromes caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that may be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. Among persons with HIV (and those at increased risk of acquiring HIV), the diagnosis and treatment of STIs is important for three main reasons: (1) STIs are common, (2) HIV can potentially impact the severity and response to treatment of STIs, and (3) development of STIs can impact the acquisition and transmission of HIV. […] Available data suggest that inflammatory sexually transmitted infections enhance transmission of HIV, so routine screening and treatment of gonorrhea may indirectly reduce the risk of HIV transmission to sex partners. […] Screening asymptomatic women for chlamydia has been proven to lower both overall chlamydial infection rates and the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease. Available data also suggest that persons with HIV who have inflammatory STIs have an increased risk of transmitting HIV, primarily through increased shedding of HIV in the genital tract, so routine screening for chlamydia may indirectly reduce the risk of HIV transmission to sex partners.

• #1 The Dangers of Undiagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infections

  https://asm.org/articles/2022/december/the-dangers-of-undiagnosed-sexually-transmitted-in

  Although undiagnosed, asymptomatic STIs may appear to be harmless, these infections are still capable of causing significant damage. Untreated infections can result in permanent infertility, as well as an increased risk of cancer and HIV infection. […] As STIs affect the reproductive tract, one of the most common effects of untreated infections is damage to the reproductive organs. […] The inflammation and scarring from these infections can be permanent and result in pregnancy complications later in life. […] Several STIs have also been shown to increase risks of developing certain cancers. The most common STI associated with higher cancer risk is HPV, a virus that infects almost all sexually active people at some point. […] HPV can cause cancer in any infected tissue in the body, including in the throat, anus, vulva, vagina and penis.

• #1 Sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/in-depth/std-symptoms/art-20047081

  Sexually transmitted diseases are infections spread mainly by contact with genitals or bodily fluids. Also called STDs, STIs or venereal disease, sexually transmitted infections are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. […] Anyone who is sexually active can get an STI. […] Some STIs are easy to treat and cure. Others are more complicated. Treatment is important so you don’t spread the disease. Treatment also can help prevent fertility trouble, organ damage or some cancers. […] Without treatment, syphilis bacteria can spread. This can lead to serious internal organ damage and death years after the original infection.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infection – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/sexually-transmitted-infection

  Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause eye infections in newborns that came in contact with the bacteria during delivery. […] If syphilis is not treated, it may eventually cause serious damage to the bones, heart, eyes, brain, and nervous system. […] Hepatitis B can lead to long-term liver damage and higher risks of developing liver cancer. […] HIV weakens a person’s immune system, putting them at risk for many different infections. […] Chancroid makes a person more susceptible to HIV infection when they’re exposed to the virus. […] An active herpes infection at the end of a pregnancy will require delivery by a caesarean section to avoid spreading the infection to the baby.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian of Aorta: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds

  The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause STDs can be transmitted through: Semen and vaginal secretions, Saliva, Blood, Contact with open sores or warts on the mouth or genitals. […] Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting an STD. […] Many STDs are easily treatable if caught early, and those without cures can be managed with various therapies and medications. […] Complications that can arise following infection with an STD include: Infertility, Heart disease, Pelvic pain, Pregnancy complications, Arthritis, Cancer. […] Regular testing and understanding the signs and symptoms of STDs can make it more likely you catch any potential infections early when they are more easily treated.

• #1 Sexually transmitted infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection

  STI diagnostic tests are usually easily available in the developed world, but they are often unavailable in the developing world. There is often shame and stigma associated with STIs. […] Many STIs are (more easily) transmitted through the mucous membranes of the penis, vulva, rectum, urinary tract and (less often depending on type of infection) the mouth, throat, respiratory tract and eyes. […] It is possible to be an asymptomatic carrier of sexually transmitted infections. In particular, sexually transmitted infections in women often cause the serious condition of pelvic inflammatory disease. […] Testing may be for a single infection, or consist of a number of tests for a range of STIs, including tests for syphilis, trichomonas, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, hepatitis, and HIV. […] The most effective way to prevent sexual transmission of STIs is to avoid contact of body parts or fluids which can lead to transfer with an infected partner.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infections – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  There are more than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites known to be transmitted through sexual contact. […] STIs can have important health consequences, including genital symptoms, pregnancy complications, infertility, enhanced HIV transmission, and psychosocial effects. […] More than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact. […] STIs are spread predominantly by sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. […] Many STIs including chlamydia, gonorrhea, primarily hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] Some STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia are major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility in women.

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide

  A sexual history is an important part of an overall health assessment. […] Although sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be asymptomatic, they can have serious health consequences. […] STIs are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. […] According to the World Health Organization, throughout the world: more than 1 million people acquire an STI every day; there are 374 million new cases of curable STIs (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) that occur annually. […] STIs can have serious health consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] The most common sexually transmitted bacteria are: Neisseria gonorrhoeae: which causes gonorrhoea or gonococcal infection; Chlamydia trachomatis: which causes chlamydial infections, including lymphogranuloma venereum; Treponema pallidum: which causes syphilis.

• #1 STI National Strategic Plan Overview | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/sexually-transmitted-infections/plan-overview/index.html

  The Sexually Transmitted Infections National Strategic Plan (STI Plan) is a groundbreaking, first-ever, five-year plan that aims to reverse the recent dramatic rise in STIs in the United States. […] The STI epidemic affects the health of people and communities and is costly to the health care system. When left untreated, STIs can lead to long term health problems such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and poor birth outcomes including death of newborns. STIs can also increase the risk of getting HIV and giving HIV to others. […] STI rates have risen dramatically. From 2014–2018, the rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis, congenital syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia rose 71%, 185%, 63%, and 19%, respectively. HPV, the most common STI, accounts for 14 million new infections each year.

• #1 Sexually Transmitted Infection Symptoms You Should Know

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/symptoms

  STIs are very common and can come with a variety of symptoms. […] If left untreated, some STIs can cause serious damage to the body and be transmitted to other people through sexual contact. […] The major causes of STIs are: bacteria, such as chlamydia or syphilis; viruses, such as HPV or HIV; parasites, such as Trichomonas vaginalis. […] These causes are primarily transmitted through bodily fluids during sexual activity. […] Although anyone can contract an STI, data shows that young people and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at the greatest risk. […] If treated promptly, most STIs are unlikely to become an STD. However, if left untreated for some time, the risk of an STD becomes greater. […] In some cases, untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems. […] They can increase the risk of infertility, cause certain types of cancer, make a person more susceptible to contracting HIV, lead to organ damage and even death.

• #1 Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases – Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/blog/healthy-living/most-common-sexually-transmitted-infections-and-diseases

  Over 30 viruses, bacteria, and parasites can be transmitted through sexual contact. These sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may cause no symptoms initially. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) occurs as the result of an STI and produces symptoms. […] Identifying and addressing any type of STI or STD is critical for your health and the health of anyone with whom you have intimate contact. […] The existence of these types of asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases underscores the importance of taking steps to reduce your risk of STIs and STDs. […] Anyone can contract an STI or STD. However, the CDC says that certain groups are more affected by STDs. These groups are adolescents and young adults, gay and bisexual men, pregnant women and infants, and racial and ethnic minorities. If your risk of STIs and STDs is high, you should be especially careful in your sexual interactions and vigilant for symptoms. […] Awareness of the different types of STIs and STDs, prevention, and prompt treatment are vital to limit the spread of these conditions.

• #1 6 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) you may have without knowing it | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/sexual-health/6-stis-you-may-have-without-knowing-it

  There are a variety of factors that can increase your chances of getting an STI, including having unprotected sex; having sex with new, multiple or anonymous sexual partners; or having sex while under the influence of recreational drugs like methamphetamines. […] When you engage in sexual activity with others, particularly in non-monogamous relationships, make sure you use appropriate protection. […] If you’re sexually active, dont wait to get screened for STIs.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), previously known as sexually transmitted diseases, involve the transmission of an organism between sexual partners through different routes of sexual contact, either oral, anal, or vaginal. […] STIs are a worldwide health problem and should be recognized by all public health agencies. STIs are more frequently underrecognized and have a higher incidence in medically underserved populations. The presenting condition or disease depends on the specific organism, route, signs, and symptoms. Risk factors that increase the transmission of STIs include having unprotected sexual contact with multiple partners, having a history of STIs, sexual assault, prostitution, having a sexual partner who has additional concurrent sexual contacts or a prior history of an STI, and using alcohol or recreational drugs. Specific causative organisms are outlined below.

• #2 What causes sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? | NICHD – Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/causes

  There are three major causes of STDs/STIs: […] Bacteria, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis […] Viruses, including HIV/AIDS, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Zika […] Parasites, such as trichomonas vaginalis, or insects such as crab lice or scabies mites. Any STI can be spread through sexual activity including sexual intercourse, and some STIs also are spread through oral sex and other sexual activity. […] In addition, sharing contaminated needles, such as those used to inject drugs, or using contaminated body piercing or tattooing equipment also can transmit some infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. […] Regardless of how a person is exposed, once a person is infected by an STI, he or she can spread the infection to other people through oral, vaginal, or anal sex, even if he or she has no symptoms.

• #2 How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-prevent-stis

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread by sexual contact. STIs are caused by infections with bacteria or viruses. STIs caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics. STIs caused by viruses cannot be cured, but symptoms can be treated. […] Symptoms of gonorrhea and chlamydia may include the following: Discharge from the vagina or penis. […] Syphilis is caused by bacteria. The bacteria that cause syphilis enter the body through a cut in the skin or through contact with a partner’s syphilis sore. […] Hepatitis is a serious infection of the liver caused by a virus. Two types of hepatitis, B and C, can be sexually transmitted. They can be spread by direct contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva of an infected person.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  STIs are very common. For example, 26 million people in the US caught an STI in 2018, according to the CDC. […] Chlamydia is a bacterial infection and is treatable with antibiotics. It is one of the most common STIs. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive organs and make it difficult to get pregnant. […] Gonorrhea is an infection that can affect the genitals, rectum, and throat. Typically, antibiotics can cure the infection. However, over the years, strains of gonorrhea have developed antibiotic resistance. […] Genital herpes is a chronic, lifelong viral infection that has no cure. […] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that has no cure. […] Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in the United States. […] Mycoplasma genitalium (mgen) is an STI that spreads through vaginal and anal sex without a condom.

• #2

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide

  A sexual history is an important part of an overall health assessment. […] Although sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be asymptomatic, they can have serious health consequences. […] STIs are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. […] According to the World Health Organization, throughout the world: more than 1 million people acquire an STI every day; there are 374 million new cases of curable STIs (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) that occur annually. […] STIs can have serious health consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] The most common sexually transmitted bacteria are: Neisseria gonorrhoeae: which causes gonorrhoea or gonococcal infection; Chlamydia trachomatis: which causes chlamydial infections, including lymphogranuloma venereum; Treponema pallidum: which causes syphilis.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/sti.php

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections primarily transmitted through sexual contact. […] Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhea. […] Syphilis is caused by Treponema palladium, which is a corkscrew-shaped organism called a spirochete. […] Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). […] Genital herpes is caused by the human herpes simplex virus (HSV), types 1 and 2. […] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). […] Condoms do not prevent the transmission of STIs in which the causative agent is present outside the protected skin, as may occur in genital warts, herpes, and pubic lice.

• #2

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide

  Sexually transmitted viruses include: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): causes AIDS; herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: cause genital herpes; human papillomavirus: causes genital warts and certain subtypes lead to cervical cancer in women; hepatitis B virus: causes hepatitis and chronic cases may lead to cancer of the liver. […] The most common sexually transmitted parasite is Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes vaginal trichomoniasis. […] Sexually transmitted infections can often be present without symptoms. For example, up to 50% of women and 10% of men don’t experience any symptoms of gonorrhoea. […] Even asymptomatic infections can however lead to the development of serious complications. […] Complications include chronic infection, and serious delayed consequences such as: infertility; ectopic pregnancy; cervical cancer in women; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women; congenital infections (for example, syphilis); adverse pregnancy outcomes; the untimely death of infants and adults. […] Prevention and control of STIs rely on: safer sexual practices such as condom use; prompt diagnosis and treatment of disease; partner notification; vaccination (for people meeting relevant eligibility criteria for vaccination; for example, for HPV, HepA, HepB or mpox).

• #2 Common Sexually Transmitted Infections – (STIs) | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/common-sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/

  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV attacks the body’s immune system, making you more likely to get sick from other viruses or bacteria. […] HPV (human papillomavirus) is a family of more than 100 types of viruses. Some don’t cause any symptoms. Some types cause genital warts. More aggressive types can cause cancer. […] Syphilis is a serious bacterial infection that causes sores in the genital area. It’s passed by touching the blood or sores of an infected person. […] Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a parasite. The parasite spreads through skin-to-skin contact.

• #2 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): 12 types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) usually pass from one person to another through sexual contact. […] Treatment depends on the type of STI. […] STIs can affect anyone, regardless of sexual orientation or hygiene standards. […] Many STIs can spread through nonpenetrative sexual activity. […] Chlamydia results from an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. […] Chlamydia can also affect the rectum if it occurs due to anal sex or spreads from another body area. […] Crabs, or pubic lice, usually attach to pubic hair. […] Pubic lice can transmit during close physical contact, including sexual contact. […] The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that can affect various parts of the body. […] HSV-2 usually affects the genital area, the anal area, and the mouth. […] Both types of HSV can transmit from person to person when the skin has no visible sores.

• #2 Sexually transmitted infections: Causes, symptoms and more | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/sexually-transmitted-diseases/

  Hepatitis B and C can be spread by contact with an infected person’s blood. […] HSV is categorized into two specific types of viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. […] HIV is a virus that affects the body’s immune system. […] HPV is the most common STI diagnosed in the United States. […] Syphilis is an infection caused by a type of bacteria called Treponema pallidum. […] Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. […] Pubic lice are parasites that are usually found in the genital area on pubic hair. […] Getting tested for STIs and STDs is easy. […] If you think you’ve been exposed to an STI or STD, it’s important to get tested. […] The incubation period is the time it takes from exposure to when you may start experiencing symptoms. […] Regular testing, especially when you’re with a new partner, is also a good way to protect yourself. […] Limiting your number of sexual partners and being in a long-term monogamous relationship with one sexual partner can help you protect yourself, too.

• #2 Booklet: Sexually Transmitted Infections – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/diseases-conditions/booklet-sexually-transmitted-infections.html

  Long-term effects on your health (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, syphilis) include untreated HIV can cause a weakened immune system or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Yes, you can get some STI just by intimate skin-to-skin touching or kissing of an infected area. […] Most STI have no obvious symptoms (or only mild ones), so you may not know if you or your sexual partner has an infection. […] Certain STI such as chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis often have no symptoms at all. […] Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite and must be treated. […] If left untreated or if treatment isn’t completed, an STI can recur and spread to sexual partners as well. […] HPV can cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth and throat. […] Genital herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). […] Genital herpes can’t be cured but it can be managed. […] Pubic lice and scabies are passed on from one person to another through sexual and non-sexual contact. […] Trichomoniasis is most often spread by having condomless vaginal sex with someone who has the infection.

• #2 About Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/about/index.html

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are very common. […] A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite people can get through sexual contact. […] The primary goal of public health and healthcare is to prevent and treat infections before they develop into disease. […] Many STIs have no symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms, so people can have an infection but not know it. […] STIs pass from one person to another through vaginal, oral, and anal sex. […] STIs are common. Many are curable – all are preventable.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) | Symptoms, Complications & Causes

  https://clarewellclinics.co.uk/sti/symptoms/

  Sexually Transmitted Infections, popularly called STIs, are primarily transmitted through sexual (e.g. vaginal, anal and oral sex) or intimate contact. […] These infections can also spread through contact with infected blood and body fluids. […] STIs can be transmitted in the following ways: Unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex, Sharing of unclean sex toys (with/without a condom), Very close contact with partners genitals, Infected semen and/or vaginal fluid in the eye, During childbirth from infected mother, Exposure to blood or body fluids.

• #2 Sexually transmitted infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection

  STI diagnostic tests are usually easily available in the developed world, but they are often unavailable in the developing world. There is often shame and stigma associated with STIs. […] Many STIs are (more easily) transmitted through the mucous membranes of the penis, vulva, rectum, urinary tract and (less often depending on type of infection) the mouth, throat, respiratory tract and eyes. […] It is possible to be an asymptomatic carrier of sexually transmitted infections. In particular, sexually transmitted infections in women often cause the serious condition of pelvic inflammatory disease. […] Testing may be for a single infection, or consist of a number of tests for a range of STIs, including tests for syphilis, trichomonas, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, hepatitis, and HIV. […] The most effective way to prevent sexual transmission of STIs is to avoid contact of body parts or fluids which can lead to transfer with an infected partner.

• #2 Quick Facts:Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/overview-of-sexually-transmitted-infections

  STIs may be caused by different types of germs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, and syphilis […] STIs are caused by tiny viruses, bacteria, and parasites, depending on the disease. […] People who have sex with an infected partner can get an STI. […] Some STIs also can be spread in other ways, including kissing or close body contact, from mother to child before or during birth, and breastfeeding. […] Most STIs can be treated with medicines. Some viral STIs can’t be cured, so you have them for life.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections

  You can get a sexually transmitted infection (STI) from having unprotected sex or intimate physical contact with someone whos infected. […] A sexually transmitted infection (also called STI, sexually transmitted disease or STD) is an infection you can get from having unprotected sex or intimate physical contact with someone who is infected. STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. […] Some STIs can spread in ways other than sex. For example, you can get some STIs, like HIV, syphilis and herpes, by having direct contact with body fluids from an infected person. […] You can pass some STIs to your baby during pregnancy, labor, birth and breastfeeding. STIs can cause serious problems for babies. […] Having an STI during pregnancy can cause serious problems for you and your baby, including: Preterm birth.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Causes, Tests, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/understanding-stds-basics

  STDs are caused by germs and other organisms that hide in body fluids such as semen, blood, vaginal secretions, and sometimes saliva. These include: […] Most of the time, they’re spread through sexual contact. But you can also get some STDs from skin contact, by sharing personal items such as toothbrushes or razors with someone who has one, or by contact with damp objects such as towels and wet clothing. Some viruses can also be spread through infected blood. […] Sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are usually spread through sexual contact. Some, which are caused by bacteria, can be cured. Others that are caused by viruses remain in your body but can be managed with medications.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) in Men: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment | Medcare

  https://www.medcare.ae/en/health-library/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds-in-men-common-causes-signs-types-testing-treatment-more.html

  A sexually transmitted disease, or simply STD, is a disease that is usually contracted through sexual activity. […] STDs are caused by bacteria viruses that grow rapidly in moist warm conditions. […] Some STDs may be introduced into your system via non-sexual modes, such as sharing needles with someone who might be harboring an STD or contact with used towels, clothes, or toilet seats. […] Chlamydia is one of the most common bacterial infections responsible for STD. […] Gonorrhea is also a bacterial infection that usually manifests within a week to a month of contact. […] Trichomoniasis rarely causes symptoms in most men. […] Hepatitis is caused by a variety of viral strains. […] Nearly 40 strains of sexually transmitted HPV have been discovered, making it one of the most common STDs.

• #2 STIs: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/std-causes-3133097

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by intimate contact with a partner living with an STI. The more sexual partners you have, the more likely you are to be exposed to an STI. But there are other risk factors as well. The type of sex and sexual partners you have, whether you practice safer sex consistently, any previous history of STIs, age, and more contribute to your risk as well. […] There are a number of different STIs, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. Some STIs are due to viruses, while others are due to bacteria. […] Depending on the infection, they can spread through body fluids including blood, saliva, semen, or vaginal secretions, or be transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact. This primarily occurs with sexual contact. […] Having one STI frequently makes you more susceptible to infection by other STIs. It’s easier for another pathogen to infect tissue that is already irritated, inflamed, or blistered.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/

  Male circumcision appears to significantly reduce the likelihood of acquiring several STIs, including human papillomavirus, genital herpes, and especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), where the infective risk decreases by 50% to 60%. […] The 7 most common STIs include 5 curable infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomonas) and three incurable but treatable conditions (herpes simplex virus, HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Of note, hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also be transmitted sexually but are more commonly spread through other forms of exposure. […] The likelihood of contracting these conditions depends on the prevalence of the disease, patient behavior, and underlying comorbidities. Early screening and recognition of STIs are key to preventing disease spread, morbidity, and mortality. These infections are more frequently underrecognized and have a higher incidence in medically underserved populations.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections Workgroup – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/about/workgroups/sexually-transmitted-infections-workgroup

  Members of the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Workgroup have expertise in areas including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, herpes, and HPV (human papilloma virus). […] STIs are very common. Millions of new infections happen every year in the United States. STIs are passed from one person to another through sexual activity including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. […] Biological factors that affect the spread and complications of STIs include: Asymptomatic nature of STIs. The majority of STIs either don’t have any symptoms or signs or they cause symptoms so mild that they aren’t noticeable. Therefore, many people who have STIs don’t know they need medical care. […] Gender disparities. Women have more frequent and more serious STI complications than men. Among the most serious STI complications are pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside of the uterus), infertility, and chronic pelvic pain.

• #2 STIs: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/std-causes-3133097

  The more partners you have, the more likely it is that you will be exposed to an STI. Furthermore, people with multiple partners tend to have partners with multiple partners. […] STIs are largely preventable. While abstaining from all sexual contact is the only way to completely prevent getting a sexually transmitted infection, only having sex in a mutually monogamous relationship can also improve your odds of not acquiring an STI. In addition, practicing safer sex every time you engage in sexual activity can dramatically decrease your risk of contracting an STI.

• #2 6 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) you may have without knowing it | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/sexual-health/6-stis-you-may-have-without-knowing-it

  There are a variety of factors that can increase your chances of getting an STI, including having unprotected sex; having sex with new, multiple or anonymous sexual partners; or having sex while under the influence of recreational drugs like methamphetamines. […] When you engage in sexual activity with others, particularly in non-monogamous relationships, make sure you use appropriate protection. […] If you’re sexually active, dont wait to get screened for STIs.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)

  More than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. […] Eight pathogens are linked to the greatest incidence of STIs. Of these, 4 are currently curable: syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. The other 4 are viral infections: hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV). […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] STIs like herpes, gonorrhoea and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV acquisition. […] HPV infection causes cervical and other cancers. […] AMR of STIs in particular gonorrhoea has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] AMR for other STIs, like Mycoplasma genitalium, also exist but are not systematically monitored.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Types, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases

  Sexually transmitted infections can lead to sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment can depend on your diagnosis. […] All STDs are caused by an STI. […] These infections are usually transmitted through sexual contact, including through bodily fluids or skin contact via vaginal, oral, and anal sex. […] But if the pathogens that caused the infection end up damaging cells in the body and disrupting its functions, an STI will progress to an STD. […] Many STDs are treatable, but not all of them are curable. Some can be life threatening, while others have less serious effects. […] They are, however, all caused by an STI. So the best way to prevent them is to get regularly screened and practice safer sex.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases that pass between sexual partners. The germ that causes an STI can be a virus, bacteria, or fungus. […] STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Often, people don’t know they have an STI or STD because they have no symptoms. […] Most STIs are bacteria, and a round of antibiotics will cure them. In many cases, you can live a totally normal life after getting treatment for an STI. Some STIs are chronic, meaning there is no cure for the infection, and they will require life-long medicine. […] Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are when a virus, bacteria, or fungus passes from one person to another during sex or other activities that involve body fluids. […] Many STIs are curable, but not all. Some can cause serious health problems if they are not treated early, including damage to your organs.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  Syphilis is an STI that you can get during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] Trichomoniasis (also called „trich”) is a common STI. […] Anyone sexually active is at risk of getting an STI. The more sexual partners you have, the higher your risk of infection. […] The only way to avoid getting an STI is not to have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] STI and STD treatments depend on the type of infection. You should see a doctor and start treatment as soon as you notice symptoms. If left untreated, STDs can cause serious health problems and infertility. […] Some STDs, like herpes and HIV, are chronic, meaning they are treatable but have no cure. These infections stay in your body for the rest of your life.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics used to treat STIs, in particular gonorrhoea, has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced successful treatment outcomes. […] The emergence of decreased susceptibility of gonorrhoea to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, together with established high-levels of resistance to penicillins, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones and macrolides make gonorrhoea a multidrug-resistant organism. […] AMR for other STIs, though less common, also exists, making prevention and prompt treatment critical.

• #2 Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/overview-of-sexually-transmitted-infections-stis

  Sexually transmitted infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. […] Many infectious organisms from tiny viruses, bacteria, and parasites to visible insects (such as lice) can be spread through sexual contact. […] Although STIs usually result from having vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner, genital penetration is not necessary to spread an infection. […] Some STIs can also be spread in other ways, including kissing or close body contact for pubic lice infestation, scabies, molluscum contagiosum, and mpox. […] Most STIs can be effectively treated with medications (antibiotics for bacterial infections and antiviral medications for viral infections). […] However, some new strains of bacteria and viruses have become resistant to some medications, making treatment more difficult. […] Resistance to medications is likely to increase because medications are sometimes misused.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian of Aorta: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds

  The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause STDs can be transmitted through: Semen and vaginal secretions, Saliva, Blood, Contact with open sores or warts on the mouth or genitals. […] Anyone who is sexually active is at risk of contracting an STD. […] Many STDs are easily treatable if caught early, and those without cures can be managed with various therapies and medications. […] Complications that can arise following infection with an STD include: Infertility, Heart disease, Pelvic pain, Pregnancy complications, Arthritis, Cancer. […] Regular testing and understanding the signs and symptoms of STDs can make it more likely you catch any potential infections early when they are more easily treated.

• #2 The Dangers of Undiagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infections

  https://asm.org/articles/2022/december/the-dangers-of-undiagnosed-sexually-transmitted-in

  Although undiagnosed, asymptomatic STIs may appear to be harmless, these infections are still capable of causing significant damage. Untreated infections can result in permanent infertility, as well as an increased risk of cancer and HIV infection. […] As STIs affect the reproductive tract, one of the most common effects of untreated infections is damage to the reproductive organs. […] The inflammation and scarring from these infections can be permanent and result in pregnancy complications later in life. […] Several STIs have also been shown to increase risks of developing certain cancers. The most common STI associated with higher cancer risk is HPV, a virus that infects almost all sexually active people at some point. […] HPV can cause cancer in any infected tissue in the body, including in the throat, anus, vulva, vagina and penis.

• #2 Prevention of sexually transmitted infections – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-sexually-transmitted-infections/print

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and preventable causes of morbidity and serious complications. Untreated chlamydial and gonococcal infection may result in pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain in 10 to 20 percent of cases. STIs can also result in adverse outcomes in pregnancy, including spontaneous abortion, still birth, premature birth, and congenital infection. Finally, the presence of STIs can facilitate HIV transmission. Thus, primary prevention of STIs needs to be given high priority. […] The comprehensive approach to STI prevention is based on six major strategies: Accurate sexual health assessment (including sexual orientation and gender identification), with education and counseling on ways to avoid STIs; Pre-exposure vaccination for vaccine-preventable STIs; Identification of both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals with STIs.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections* | County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

  https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/health-factors/health-behaviors/sexual-activity/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in North America and is one of the major causes of tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and chronic pelvic pain. […] STIs are associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality, including increased risk of cervical cancer, infertility, and premature death. […] Increases in reported infections may reflect true increases in disease, but may also reflect expanded screening, use of increasingly sensitive diagnostic tests, increased emphasis on case reporting from providers and laboratories, and improvement in the information systems for reporting. […] Communities with poor screening rates may have artificially low rates of sexually transmitted diseases.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Having an STI can cause problems for your baby after birth, too, like problems with the eyes, lungs and liver. […] Common signs and symptoms of STIs include: Flu-like symptoms, including fever, headache and fatigue (feeling very tired). […] If you have an STI thats caused by bacteria, your provider prescribes antibiotics to treat it. Bacteria are tiny organisms that live in and around your body. Some bacteria are good for your body, and others can make you sick.

• #2 6 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) you may have without knowing it | Ohio State Health & Discovery

  https://health.osu.edu/health/sexual-health/6-stis-you-may-have-without-knowing-it

  If the infection is not treated properly, pregnant women can give the infection to their baby during delivery, and the baby could develop eye infections or pneumonia. […] Without a diagnosis and proper treatment, you can develop complications many years after the initial infection. […] Among pregnant women, untreated syphilis can have dire consequences for an unborn baby and can result in stillbirths. […] If the baby survives, they can develop short- and long-term abnormalities of the skin, bones, eyes, nervous system and other organs. […] Chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis cases are on the rise across the United States. […] If you are sexually active, getting screened for STIs could help identify and treat any hidden infections before they harm your well-being or spread to your sexual partner(s).

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Others STIs like herpes and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV acquisition three-fold or more. […] Resistance of STIs in particular gonorrhea to antibiotics has increased rapidly in recent years and has reduced treatment options. […] Antimicrobial resistance for other STIs, though less common, also exists, making prevention and prompt treatment critical.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infection – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/sexually-transmitted-infection

  Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause eye infections in newborns that came in contact with the bacteria during delivery. […] If syphilis is not treated, it may eventually cause serious damage to the bones, heart, eyes, brain, and nervous system. […] Hepatitis B can lead to long-term liver damage and higher risks of developing liver cancer. […] HIV weakens a person’s immune system, putting them at risk for many different infections. […] Chancroid makes a person more susceptible to HIV infection when they’re exposed to the virus. […] An active herpes infection at the end of a pregnancy will require delivery by a caesarean section to avoid spreading the infection to the baby.

• #2

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Bayfield County, WI – Official Website

  https://www.bayfieldcounty.wi.gov/681/Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases

  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by infections that are passed from one person to another during sexual contact. […] Infections are only called diseases when they cause symptoms, which is why STDs are often referred to as sexually transmitted infections, or STIs. […] There are many kinds of sexually transmitted diseases and infections. […] Chlamydia is the most commonly reported STD in the United States. […] Chlamydia is easy to cure, but can impact a womans fertility if left untreated. […] Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection that affects both men and women. […] Gonorrhea, if untreated, can lead to infertility. […] Genital human papillomavirus (or HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. […] HPV can cause serious health problems, including genital warts and certain cancers. […] Most HPV infections (90%) go away by themselves within two years. […] But, sometimes, HPV infections will persist and can cause a variety of serious health problems. […] Health problems that can be caused by HPV include: Genital warts, Cervical cancer, Genital cancers, Throat cancer.

• #2 The Dangers of Undiagnosed Sexually Transmitted Infections

  https://asm.org/articles/2022/december/the-dangers-of-undiagnosed-sexually-transmitted-in

  Many STIs are also linked with an increased risk of acquiring an HIV infection in the first place. Gonorrhea, chlamydia and HSV are all associated with higher HIV infection rates. […] HIV is incurable and a particularly devastating infection, as it attacks the body’s immune system, leaving infected individuals vulnerable to lethal infections that the immune system would normally be able to counteract. […] The first line of defense against the damage caused by STIs is to avoid infection altogether. […] Consistent testing is the best way to detect STIs that don’t exhibit any symptoms, particularly chlamydia, gonorrhea and HSV.

• #2 Sexually transmitted infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection

  A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex. STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, which results in a risk of transmitting them on to others. Symptoms and signs of STIs may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. Some STIs can cause infertility. […] Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Viral STIs include genital warts, genital herpes, and HIV/AIDS. Parasitic STIs include trichomoniasis. Most STIs are treatable and curable; of the most common infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis are curable, while HIV/AIDS and genital herpes are not curable.

• #2 STI National Strategic Plan Overview | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/sexually-transmitted-infections/plan-overview/index.html

  The Sexually Transmitted Infections National Strategic Plan (STI Plan) is a groundbreaking, first-ever, five-year plan that aims to reverse the recent dramatic rise in STIs in the United States. […] The STI epidemic affects the health of people and communities and is costly to the health care system. When left untreated, STIs can lead to long term health problems such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and poor birth outcomes including death of newborns. STIs can also increase the risk of getting HIV and giving HIV to others. […] STI rates have risen dramatically. From 2014–2018, the rates of reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis, congenital syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia rose 71%, 185%, 63%, and 19%, respectively. HPV, the most common STI, accounts for 14 million new infections each year.

• #2 Sexually Transmitted Infections – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  There are more than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites known to be transmitted through sexual contact. […] STIs can have important health consequences, including genital symptoms, pregnancy complications, infertility, enhanced HIV transmission, and psychosocial effects. […] More than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be transmitted through sexual contact. […] STIs are spread predominantly by sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. […] Many STIs including chlamydia, gonorrhea, primarily hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. […] STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] Some STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia are major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility in women.

• #2 Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases – Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/blog/healthy-living/most-common-sexually-transmitted-infections-and-diseases

  Over 30 viruses, bacteria, and parasites can be transmitted through sexual contact. These sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may cause no symptoms initially. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) occurs as the result of an STI and produces symptoms. […] Identifying and addressing any type of STI or STD is critical for your health and the health of anyone with whom you have intimate contact. […] The existence of these types of asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases underscores the importance of taking steps to reduce your risk of STIs and STDs. […] Anyone can contract an STI or STD. However, the CDC says that certain groups are more affected by STDs. These groups are adolescents and young adults, gay and bisexual men, pregnant women and infants, and racial and ethnic minorities. If your risk of STIs and STDs is high, you should be especially careful in your sexual interactions and vigilant for symptoms. […] Awareness of the different types of STIs and STDs, prevention, and prompt treatment are vital to limit the spread of these conditions.

• #2 Sexually transmitted infections

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are also called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs. STIs are usually spread by having vaginal, oral, or anal sex. More than 9 million women in the United States are diagnosed with an STI each year. Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men, including infertility. […] An STI is an infection passed from one person to another person through sexual contact. An infection is when a bacteria, virus, or parasite enters and grows in or on your body. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs. […] Nearly 20 million people in the United States get an STI each year. These infections affect women and men of all backgrounds and economic levels. But half of all new infections are among young people 15 to 24 years old. […] Women often have more serious health problems from STIs than men: Chlamydia and gonorrhea, left untreated, raise the risk of chronic pelvic pain and life-threatening ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia and gonorrhea also can cause infertility. Untreated syphilis in pregnant women results in infant death up to 40% of the time. Women have a higher risk than men of getting an STI during unprotected vaginal sex. Unprotected anal sex puts women at even more risk for getting an STI than unprotected vaginal sex.

• #2 STI National Strategic Plan Overview | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/sexually-transmitted-infections/plan-overview/index.html

  The STI Plan strongly emphasizes the need to address stigma, discrimination, and social determinants of health in order to reverse the rise in STI rates. Another theme interwoven in the STI Plan is the need to integrate STI prevention and control into other public health efforts to prevent and treat HIV, viral hepatitis, and substance use disorders.

• #3 Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/overview-of-sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infection (STI) refers to infection with a pathogen that is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. […] STIs can be caused by a number of microorganisms that vary widely in size, life cycle, susceptibility to available treatments and the diseases and symptoms they cause. […] Many other infections not considered primarily to be STIs including salmonellosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, hepatitis (A, B, and C), Zika virus infection, monkeypox (mpox), and cytomegalovirus infection can be transmitted sexually. […] Some STIs cause inflammation (eg, in gonorrhea or chlamydial infection) or ulceration (eg, in herpes simplex, syphilis, or chancroid), which predispose to transmission of other infections (eg, HIV).

• #3

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/sexually-transmitted-infections

  Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread predominantly by unprotected sexual contact. […] Some STIs can also be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding and through infected blood or blood products. […] STIs have a profound impact on health. If untreated, they can lead to serious consequences including neurological and cardiovascular disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirths, and increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). […] The most common and curable STIs are trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. […] Rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat for untreatable gonorrhoea. […] Viral STIs including HIV, genital herpes simplex virus (HSV), viral hepatitis B, human papillomavirus (HPV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) lack or have limited treatment options.

• #3

  https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-migrant-health-guide

  A sexual history is an important part of an overall health assessment. […] Although sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be asymptomatic, they can have serious health consequences. […] STIs are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites. […] According to the World Health Organization, throughout the world: more than 1 million people acquire an STI every day; there are 374 million new cases of curable STIs (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) that occur annually. […] STIs can have serious health consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself. […] The most common sexually transmitted bacteria are: Neisseria gonorrhoeae: which causes gonorrhoea or gonococcal infection; Chlamydia trachomatis: which causes chlamydial infections, including lymphogranuloma venereum; Treponema pallidum: which causes syphilis.

• #3 Sexually Transmitted Infections Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/sti

  STIs are very common. For example, 26 million people in the US caught an STI in 2018, according to the CDC. […] Chlamydia is a bacterial infection and is treatable with antibiotics. It is one of the most common STIs. If left untreated, it can cause permanent damage to a woman’s reproductive organs and make it difficult to get pregnant. […] Gonorrhea is an infection that can affect the genitals, rectum, and throat. Typically, antibiotics can cure the infection. However, over the years, strains of gonorrhea have developed antibiotic resistance. […] Genital herpes is a chronic, lifelong viral infection that has no cure. […] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that has no cure. […] Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in the United States. […] Mycoplasma genitalium (mgen) is an STI that spreads through vaginal and anal sex without a condom.

Zobacz więcej