Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Dermatomyositis is a rare condition that causes muscle inflammation. It presents with symmetric proximal muscle weakness, skin rash, and extramacular manifestations, such as esophageal dysfunction and interstitial lung disease. […] Dermatomyositis presents with characteristic skin findings and symmetric proximal skeletal muscle weakness. Also, it can affect other organ systems such as the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. A significant proportion of patients with dermatomyositis have an underlying malignancy, which can alter the prognosis of the condition. […] Muscle weakness is the most common presenting symptom in dermatomyositis. The weakness usually has a subacute onset with the development of gradually progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness. Patients may report difficulty in carrying out activities such as climbing stairs, getting up from a seated position, lifting objects, combing hair, and raising their head from a pillow.

• #1 Adult-onset dermatomyositis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/adult-onset-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterised by skeletal muscle weakness and skin changes. […] The skin changes of dermatomyositis will often, but not always, precede the muscle weakness. A face rash is the commonest initial skin sign, typically followed by scalp symptoms then the changes on the hands. […] Muscle weakness may appear at the same time as the skin rashes, or it may occur weeks, months, or even years later. […] The first indication of myositis is when the following every day movements become difficult with weakness and fatigue: Climbing stairs or walking, Rising from a sitting or crouching position, Lifting objects, Raising arms above the shoulders, such as when combing hair, Difficulty swallowing. […] Dermatomyositis may resolve in 20% of adults who have the condition, but most will require lifelong treatment. The prognosis of those with associated conditions such as malignancy, heart or lung involvement will be impacted and may be life-shortening.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatomyositis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353188

  Dermatomyositis (dur-muh-toe-my-uh-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease marked by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash. […] The signs and symptoms of dermatomyositis can appear suddenly or develop gradually over time. The most common signs and symptoms include: […] A violet-colored or dusky red rash develops, most commonly on your face and eyelids and on your knuckles, elbows, knees, chest and back. The rash, which can be itchy and painful, is often the first sign of dermatomyositis. […] Progressive muscle weakness involves the muscles closest to the trunk, such as those in your hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms and neck. The weakness affects both the left and right sides of your body, and tends to gradually worsen. […] Possible complications of dermatomyositis include: […] Calcium deposits. These can occur in your muscles, skin and connective tissues as the disease progresses. These deposits are more common in children with dermatomyositis and develop earlier in the course of the disease.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/signs-and-symptoms

  Dermatomyositis is characterized by a number of common skin manifestations that can cause redness and itchiness, and rarely can also cause ulcerations in the skin. […] A reddish or purplish rash (heliotrope eruption) may occur on the upper eyelids, nose, cheeks, forehead or scalp (flakiness is not uncommon). […] Rashes and discoloration of the skin may occur on the shoulders and upper back, resembling a shawl. It can also resemble a v-neck sign when it affects the anterior chest. […] Scaling, redness, and/or lesions (Gottron sign/papules) may appear on the knuckles, elbows, knees, and ankles. Redness of the skin caused by an excess of blood in the small blood vessels (periungal erythema) can also occur and may be a subtle manifestation of dermatomyositis. […] Over time, the inflammatory process in dermatomyositis leads to inflammation of muscle tissue, and is accompanied by weakness. Affected muscles may be stiff, sore, and/or tender and, eventually, show signs of degeneration and atrophy (loss of bulk). The weakness usually becomes noticeable over the course of several weeks, but it can move faster (days) or more slowly (months). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs, and neck display the most weakness in dermatomyositis.

• #1 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15701-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare disease that causes muscle weakness and rashes on your skin. Its a form of myopathy. It can also cause severe symptoms that affect your ability to breathe and swallow. […] Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness and degeneration (tissue death) and a rash on your skin. Its diagnosed with blood tests, biopsies and imaging tests. […] The most common symptoms of dermatomyositis are muscle weakness and a rash on your skin. […] Muscle weakness might make it hard for you to do common motions, including: Sitting upright. Getting up from a seated position (like standing up from a chair or couch). Climbing stairs. Getting up after lying down. Washing your hair. […] Dermatomyositis may cause a rash on your skin (especially on parts of your body exposed to the sun). Areas with a rash will be discolored and might be swollen. The most common locations include: Eyelids and around your eyes. Chest and the front of your shoulders (sometimes referred to as a v-sign rash). Neck and the back of your shoulders (a shawl sign rash). Scalp.

• #1 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disorder that affects your skin, muscle, and blood vessels. Muscle weakness and a skin rash are the main symptoms. […] Dermatomyositis is a disorder that causes a distinctive red or purplish rash as well as muscle weakness. It usually shows up where muscles are used to straighten joints, like your knuckles, elbows, knees, and toes. […] Changes in your skin is the most common symptom with dermatomyositis. Whether it affects your muscles or joints depends on the type you have. […] A dermatomyositis rash is easy to spot. Its patchy and purple or red in color. It shows up on your eyelids and anywhere you use muscles to straighten joints, including your knuckles, elbows, knees, and toes. This rash is typically the first sign. You may get other rashes too, on your face, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. The rash might be worse if you’ve been in the sun.

• #1 Dermatomyositis Disease Information | Johns Hopkins Myositis Center

  https://www.hopkinsmyositis.org/myositis/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis is characterized by a rash that precedes or accompanies muscle weakness. The most common symptom of dermatomyositis is muscle weakness, usually affecting the muscles that are closest to the trunk of the body. […] The gradual onset of weakness over weeks or months. Difficulty rising from a low-seated chair or combing ones hair. Torso or core weakness. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Pain or weakness in the joints. Generalized fatigue. Patchy, reddish rash on the eyelids, cheeks, bridge of the nose, back or upper chest, and joints. In some cases, the development of hardened bumps under the skin.

• #1 Dermatomyositis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000839.htm

  Dermatomyositis is a disease that involves muscle inflammation and a skin rash. […] Symptoms may include: Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, Problems swallowing, Purple color to the upper eyelids, Purple-red skin rash, Shortness of breath, Difficulty swallowing. […] The muscle weakness may come on suddenly or develop slowly over weeks or months. […] The rash may appear on your face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. […] It is important to be followed by a health care provider when you have dermatomyositis. Severe illness can lead to disability and can sometimes result in death. […] Symptoms may go away completely in some people, such as children. […] The condition may be fatal in adults due to: Severe muscle weakness, Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Lung failure. […] The major causes of death with this condition are cancer and lung disease. […] People with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody have a poor prognosis in spite of current treatment.

• #1 Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an autoimmune disorder that affects blood supply to muscles and causes muscle inflammation. If untreated, this inflammation can lead to muscle deterioration, muscle weakness, and joint problems. […] The earliest sign of juvenile dermatomyositis is the gradual development of a skin rash. The rash might appear as a reddish-purple patch or as a purple rash around the eyelids and cheeks. […] Some children start experiencing muscle weakness at the same time as they develop the dermatomyositis rash. Other kids might not notice muscle weakness until days, weeks, or even months after the initial rash. A childs weakest muscles are typically those closest to the torsofor example, neck, shoulders, stomach, back, and hips. […] Common symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis include: Fever ranging from 101 to 104 degrees. Hardened lumps or sheets of calcium (calcinosis) under the skin. Hoarse or weak-sounding voice. Muscle pain. Poor appetite. Stomach problems. Tiredness. Trouble lifting the head. Trouble swallowing. Weight loss.

• #1 Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  The most common symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis include: Skin rash on the eyelids, knuckles, finger joints, elbows, knees; the rash may also occur on the face, chest and back, Muscle weakness, pain and tenderness, Difficulty swallowing, Fever, Fatigue, General discomfort and irritability, Weight loss, Joint pain and swelling, Calcium deposits under the skin (calcinosis). […] The course of juvenile dermatomyositis is often divided into three phases based on symptoms and findings on examination. The three phases include: Prodromal period. This phase can last for weeks or months. The symptoms seen during this period are nonspecific and can include fever, fatigue, weight loss, general discomfort and irritability. […] Progressive muscle weakness and rash. During this phase, symptoms include active inflammation causing muscle weakness and rash. Inflammation will continue unless it is treated with medications to suppress the immune system.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Skin changes may precede or may coincide with the onset of muscular symptoms. Patients can present with several types of skin rashes, photosensitivity, changes in pigmentation, and pruritis. Dermatomyositis can also cause nail changes and alopecia. […] The mortality rate of dermatomyositis is estimated to be 10% and is especially high in the first year of the disease. The most common causes of death are malignancy, pulmonary complications, and ischemic heart disease. […] Sixty-five percent of patients who survive have normal strength, 34% have a mild disability, and 16% have no disability. With treatment, 20% of patients attain remission, whereas 80% have a chronic or polycyclic course. […] Pulmonary involvement may occur in the form of hypoventilation, aspiration pneumonia, or interstitial lung disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is present in approximately a third of patients with dermatomyositis and is strongly associated with the presence of anti-histidyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase antibodies.

• #1 Dermatomyositis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune condition. […] It leads to inflammation in the skin, muscles and blood vessels. […] Symptoms include muscle weakness, skin rashes, joint pain and fatigue. […] The main symptoms of dermatomyositis include skin rashes and muscle weakness. […] Muscle weakness usually begins in your hips, thighs, upper arms and shoulders. It worsens over time. It can make daily activities difficult. […] Other symptoms may include joint pain and swelling, calcinosis hard lumps full of calcium that build up under the skin, in muscles or tendons, fever, tiredness. […] Dermatomyositis can lead to various complications that affect different parts of your body. Over time, muscles can weaken (atrophy) and shorten (contracture). […] Other complications may include calcinosis hard, painful lumps of calcium under the skin that may cause sores, lung disease scarring in the lungs can make breathing difficult, this can be life-threatening, muscle weakness this may affect your ability to swallow, speak, or hold your head up, difficulty swallowing this may lead to malnutrition and an infection in your lungs, heart issues such as inflammation of the heart muscle and risk of heart attacks, higher cancer risk such as lung, breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer.

• #1 Dermatomyositis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and skin rash. Its one of a group of muscle diseases that cause muscle inflammation, weakness, and swelling. It’s different from other muscle diseases because it also causes inflammatory skin rashes. Dermatomyositis is the term used to describe both muscle and skin symptoms, but some people will have only one or the other. […] Symptoms include a red or purple rash on sun-exposed skin and eyelids, calcium deposits under the skin, muscle weakness, and trouble talking or swallowing. […] Sometimes the muscle inflammation can spread to other parts of the body including the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Lung involvement can cause breathing trouble and coughing. Adults may have a low-grade fever, along with lung inflammation and sensitivity to light.

• #1 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15701-dermatomyositis

  Some people (especially kids) diagnosed with dermatomyositis grow out of it and never have symptoms again. However, 80% of cases are chronic (they come back over time) and cause lifelong symptoms. […] Even with treatment, 80% of people have chronic dermatomyositis (sometimes referred to as polycyclic dermatomyositis). Your symptoms might come and go in waves throughout your life. […] Two-thirds of people living with dermatomyositis develop a physical disability because of the damage to their muscles. […] Dermatomyositis is fatal for approximately 5% of people diagnosed with it. This is especially true in the first year after being diagnosed. But, about 20% of people with dermatomyositis go into long-term remission. […] Visit your provider right away if you notice new weakness in your muscles, especially if you have a rash on your skin around the same time. The sooner dermatomyositis is diagnosed, the faster you can start treatment. This can decrease your chances of experiencing severe symptoms and other complications.

• #1 Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Recovery. Recovery after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy usually occurs over several months, but sometimes may occur over years. Many children recover full muscle strength. However, there may be some residual muscle weakness, atrophy (wasting), or contractures (a condition in which joints become fixed in position or limited in range of motion due to lack of muscle use). Many children have full resolution of rash, but some may experience scarring. Some children may also develop permanent calcinosis. Some children remain in remission and do not experience recurrence of inflammation, but others have episodic flares or persistent inflammation. […] With early treatment and appropriate follow-up care, many children with dermatomyositis will fully recover their strength, get back to their regular activities, and have a normal lifespan. […] A small percentage of children with the disorder will become permanently disabled because of muscle contractures and calcinosis. The mortality rate for the disorder is low (1-3 percent), and most fatalities are caused by severe involvement of the gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs.

• #1 Dermatomyositis, Salt Lake City, UT | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/dermatology/services/autoimmune-skin-diseases/dermatomyositis

  The first signs of dermatomyositis can make a sudden or gradual appearance over time. The telltale signs of dermatomyositis include: violet rashes that appear on your face, sun-exposed skin, and joints, such as knuckles, elbows, and knees, […] Adults may experience other symptoms such as: weight loss, low-grade fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and calcinosis (calcium deposits that form under the skin or in the muscle). However, this symptom is more often seen in children. […] If you treat it early, the prognosis for dermatomyositis is good. Some people may even recover and have their symptoms fully disappear, but this is more common in children. Patients who delay treatment may experience lung or heart problems or a permanent disability. It is important to monitor your symptoms closely and follow any instructions given by your physician throughout treatment to improve your overall health and outcome.

• #1 Diagnosing Dermatomyositis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis

  Dermatomyositis may also cause weakness in the esophagus—the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach—and can lead to difficulty swallowing. In rare instances, the condition may affect the muscles of the heart; this often occurs without any symptoms. In addition, the condition may lead to lung inflammation, at times causing shortness of breath. […] A person may develop a rash without any muscle weakness. This is called amyopathic dermatomyositis, and it occurs in about 20 to 25 percent of people with this condition. In others, muscle involvement is the primary feature, and only a subtle rash is present. […] Chronic inflammation can cause changes in the body’s cells, putting adults with dermatomyositis at risk for cancer in the first three to five years after diagnosis. After this period of time, the risk of cancer drops to what it would be if dermatomyositis had never been diagnosed, even if you still have the condition.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – The Myositis Association

  https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis (DM) can affect people of any age or sex, but it is found more often in women than in men. […] The following symptoms are common for DM patients: Rash on the eyelids, cheeks, nose, back, upper chest, elbows, knees, and knuckles. Scaly, dry, or rough skin. Trouble rising from a seated position or getting up after a fall. General tiredness. Inflamed or swollen areas around fingernails. Sudden or progressive weakness in muscles in neck, hip, back, and shoulder muscles. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or a feeling of choking. Hardened lumps or sheets of calcium (calcinosis) under the skin. […] DM is usually the easiest type of myositis to diagnose because of the skin rash, which often appears before any muscle weakness is felt. […] The skin rash and weak muscles are caused by inflammation, or swelling, in the blood vessels under the skin and in the muscles, also called vasculitis. The weakness typically begins with muscles that are closest to and within the trunk of the body, such as the neck, hip, back, and shoulder muscles. Some DM patients also have muscle pain that accompanies the weakness. […] Patients who have the skin rash but feel no muscle weakness most likely have amyopathic DM, or DM sine myositis. These patients often list fatigue as a symptom, but do not experience the same muscle weakness as dermatomyositis patients.

• #1 Dermatomyositis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/dermatomyositis?content_id=CON-20310623

  Possible complications of dermatomyositis include: […] Calcium deposits. These can occur in your muscles, skin and connective tissues as the disease progresses. These deposits are more common in children with dermatomyositis and develop earlier in the course of the disease. […] Dermatomyositis can cause heart muscle inflammation. In a small number of people who have dermatomyositis, congestive heart failure and heart rhythm problems develop. […] Dermatomyositis in adults has been linked to an increased likelihood of developing cancer, particularly ovarian cancer in women. Risk of cancer appears to level off three years or so after a diagnosis of dermatomyositis. […] There’s no cure for dermatomyositis, but treatment can improve your skin and your muscle strength and function.

• #1 What Is Amyopathic Dermatomyositis (ADM)?

  https://ameripharmaspecialty.com/other-health-conditions/what-is-amyopathic-dermatomyositis-adm/

  ADM may present with severe complications in some patients, such as malignancies (cancers). Nasopharyngeal and ovarian cancers are the most common complications in amyopathic dermatomyositis and dermatomyositis disease. Therefore, cancer screenings are critical for these patients before, during, and after diagnosis. […] Similar to the symptoms of ADM, other complications may include: Lung disease (interstitial lung disease, aspiration pneumonia, breathing problems, etc.), Heart disease (inflammation of the heart muscle), Weight loss, Malnutrition, Calcium deposits in the joints. […] These complications can be debilitating and can worsen the disease prognosis, making treatment options more difficult and complex in certain cases.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353192

  If your doctor suspects that you have dermatomyositis, he or she might suggest some of the following tests: […] A blood test will let your doctor know if you have elevated levels of muscle enzymes that can indicate muscle damage. A blood test can also detect autoantibodies associated with different symptoms of dermatomyositis, which can help in determining the best medication and treatment. […] There’s no cure for dermatomyositis, but treatment can improve your skin and your muscle strength and function. […] Medications used to treat dermatomyositis include: […] Corticosteroids. Drugs such as prednisone (Rayos) can control dermatomyositis symptoms quickly. […] Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor might suggest: […] A regular exercise routine can help you maintain and build your muscle strength.

• #1 Navigating the Challenges in Dermatomyositis Treatment

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/dermatomyositis-treatment-outlook

  Such delays can result in complications such as lipodystrophy, loss of function and muscle mass, calcinosis, joint contractures, and involvement of extra muscular tissues. […] There is no cure for dermatomyositis, but medicines can minimize symptoms, reduce inflammation and vasculitis, and enhance the patients quality of life. […] The goals of managing dermatomyositis are focused on treating muscle weakness and skin disease and addressing any other underlying complications, including cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, joints, and malignancies. […] The first-line treatment for dermatomyositis includes the use of systemic glucocorticoids with or without immunosuppressants. […] Medical therapy for skin disease includes topical and systemic medications. […] Most patients require systemic drugs to control skin disease, including hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate.

• #1 Patient education: Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and other forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polymyositis-dermatomyositis-and-other-forms-of-idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathy-beyond-the-basics/print

  Dermatomyositis and polymyositis prognosis — The severity of disease in a person with dermatomyositis or polymyositis is highly variable, ranging from mild weakness that responds well to treatment to a rapid progression of symptoms that are unresponsive to all treatments. […] People with dermatomyositis or polymyositis tend to have a better outcome if they are treated promptly, have mild muscle weakness, have no difficulty swallowing, and have no signs of disease in other organ systems such as the heart and lungs.

• #1 Dermatomyositis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1101/p1565.html

  The most common are proximal muscle weakness, dysphonia or dysphagia. Other possible symptoms include respiratory muscle weakness, visual changes and abdominal pain. An important association with internal malignancy has been demonstrated and will be discussed in further detail. […] Poor prognostic indicators include recalcitrant disease, delay in diagnosis, older age, malignancy, fever, asthenia-anorexia, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, dysphagia and leukocytosis. Malignancy, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, and infection are the most common causes of death. With early treatment, survival rates as high as 80 and 73 percent at five and eight years, respectively, have been reported. […] Up to two thirds of this patient population develop severe complications of calcinosis cutis with mortality rates between 3 and 10 percent.

• #1 Navigating the Challenges in Dermatomyositis Treatment

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/dermatomyositis-treatment-outlook

  Early detection of dermatomyositis is crucial for initiating appropriate patient management. […] The occurrence of significant clinical aspects like calcinosis, interstitial lung disease, and malignancy significantly differs between adult and juvenile cases. […] There is a pressing need for safer and more effective treatment options to enhance patient outcomes.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353192

  Living with a chronic autoimmune disease can make you wonder whether you’re up to the challenge. […] Are my symptoms likely to change over time? […] Your doctor will likely ask you questions, such as: […] Are you easily fatigued during waking hours? […] Does your condition limit your activities?

• #1 Dermatomyositis – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis cannot be cured, but it often goes away after a number of years and is then said to be in remission. The aim is to control the condition. When the condition is more active, stronger treatments are used and then reduced as it improves. […] Dermatomyositis is made worse by sunlight; it is therefore advisable to stay in the shade between 10am and 3pm. It is important to wear a high protection sunscreen (SPF 50 or more) to protect against UVB and UVA. Regular exercise can help maintain movement and reduce the problems associated with muscle weakness and pain.

• #1 Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is distinct among the muscle diseases for its manifestation in the skin (dermato). A reddish or purplish rash may occur over the face, neck and chest; on the shoulders and upper back, resembling a shawl; and/or on the elbows, knees and ankles. The skin may be scaly, dry and rough. Sometimes it looks like a sunburn. […] Over time, the inflammatory process in dermatomyositis leads to inflammation of muscle tissue, and is accompanied by weakness and sometimes pain. There can be loss of muscle bulk (atrophy). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs and neck display the most weakness in dermatomyositis. There also can be joint pain, inflammation of the heart and lung muscle tissues, as well as inflammation of blood vessels to other organs. […] Onset of dermatomyositis occurs in adulthood, and its progression is gradual. In children, juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) can occur, usually beginning between the ages of 5 and 14 and affecting girls more often than boys. Although inflammatory myopathies like dermatomyositis can lead to great discomfort for at least a period of time, effective treatments are available, and for the most part these conditions aren’t life-threatening. Dermatomyositis can, however, affect other organs besides the skin and muscle, leading to issues such as joint or lung inflammation. With treatment, many people recover partially or completely from dermatomyositis.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Dermatomyositis-Symptoms.aspx

  Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory condition characterized by muscle weakness and a skin rash. Although the disease primarily affects the muscles and skin, it is a systemic condition and can also involve the lungs, joints, esophagus and sometimes the heart. […] In adults, the age of onset is usually between the late 40s and early 60s and in children, symptoms usually begin between 5 and 15 years of age. The condition is more common among females than men. […] Skin rash is usually the first symptom to manifest and presents as a dusky red or violet colored rash, sometimes with patchy blue discolorations. This rash is called the helitrope rash. The rash may occur around the eyes and across the face but can also affect other areas such as the knuckles, elbows, knees, chest and back. […] The progressive muscle weakness seen in dermatomyositis affects the muscles closest to the trunk such as those in the upper arms, shoulders, thighs and hips. The weakness that occurs is symmetrical in nature, affecting muscles on both the left and right sides of the body. Muscle weakness may lead to difficulty climbing stairs, getting up from a sitting position or even raising the arms. […] Other general symptoms that may manifest include fatigue, difficulty swallowing, fever, weight loss, muscle pain or tenderness, and lung problems.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Skin changes may precede or may coincide with the onset of muscular symptoms. Patients can present with several types of skin rashes, photosensitivity, changes in pigmentation, and pruritis. Dermatomyositis can also cause nail changes and alopecia. […] The mortality rate of dermatomyositis is estimated to be 10% and is especially high in the first year of the disease. The most common causes of death are malignancy, pulmonary complications, and ischemic heart disease. […] Sixty-five percent of patients who survive have normal strength, 34% have a mild disability, and 16% have no disability. With treatment, 20% of patients attain remission, whereas 80% have a chronic or polycyclic course. […] Pulmonary involvement may occur in the form of hypoventilation, aspiration pneumonia, or interstitial lung disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is present in approximately a third of patients with dermatomyositis and is strongly associated with the presence of anti-histidyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase antibodies.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/signs-and-symptoms

  Dermatomyositis is characterized by a number of common skin manifestations that can cause redness and itchiness, and rarely can also cause ulcerations in the skin. […] A reddish or purplish rash (heliotrope eruption) may occur on the upper eyelids, nose, cheeks, forehead or scalp (flakiness is not uncommon). […] Rashes and discoloration of the skin may occur on the shoulders and upper back, resembling a shawl. It can also resemble a v-neck sign when it affects the anterior chest. […] Scaling, redness, and/or lesions (Gottron sign/papules) may appear on the knuckles, elbows, knees, and ankles. Redness of the skin caused by an excess of blood in the small blood vessels (periungal erythema) can also occur and may be a subtle manifestation of dermatomyositis. […] Over time, the inflammatory process in dermatomyositis leads to inflammation of muscle tissue, and is accompanied by weakness. Affected muscles may be stiff, sore, and/or tender and, eventually, show signs of degeneration and atrophy (loss of bulk). The weakness usually becomes noticeable over the course of several weeks, but it can move faster (days) or more slowly (months). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs, and neck display the most weakness in dermatomyositis.

• #2 Diagnosing Dermatomyositis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis

  Dermatomyositis may enter remission, or a period of inactivity, after about five years, but often, the condition remains chronic. There is no cure, and most people require some form of treatment, such as medication or physical therapy, to manage symptoms. […] The rash associated with dermatomyositis may appear in patches, is usually purple or red, and often appears on sun-exposed areas of the body such as the upper chest, face, upper back, eyelids, knuckles, and scalp. It can, however, affect skin on any part of the body. The rash may be intensely itchy, and exposure to sunlight may worsen symptoms. […] Most, but not all, people with dermatomyositis also experience symmetrical muscle weakness on both sides of the body. The condition usually affects muscles in the thighs, upper arms, neck, and shoulders. A common sign is difficulty raising the arms. Brushing your teeth or hair may also be difficult. Muscle weakness in the hips and thighs may affect your ability to get up from a chair without assistance.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000839.htm

  Dermatomyositis is a disease that involves muscle inflammation and a skin rash. […] Symptoms may include: Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, Problems swallowing, Purple color to the upper eyelids, Purple-red skin rash, Shortness of breath, Difficulty swallowing. […] The muscle weakness may come on suddenly or develop slowly over weeks or months. […] The rash may appear on your face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. […] It is important to be followed by a health care provider when you have dermatomyositis. Severe illness can lead to disability and can sometimes result in death. […] Symptoms may go away completely in some people, such as children. […] The condition may be fatal in adults due to: Severe muscle weakness, Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Lung failure. […] The major causes of death with this condition are cancer and lung disease. […] People with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody have a poor prognosis in spite of current treatment.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Dermatomyositis is a rare condition that causes muscle inflammation. It presents with symmetric proximal muscle weakness, skin rash, and extramacular manifestations, such as esophageal dysfunction and interstitial lung disease. […] Dermatomyositis presents with characteristic skin findings and symmetric proximal skeletal muscle weakness. Also, it can affect other organ systems such as the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. A significant proportion of patients with dermatomyositis have an underlying malignancy, which can alter the prognosis of the condition. […] Muscle weakness is the most common presenting symptom in dermatomyositis. The weakness usually has a subacute onset with the development of gradually progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness. Patients may report difficulty in carrying out activities such as climbing stairs, getting up from a seated position, lifting objects, combing hair, and raising their head from a pillow.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is distinct among the muscle diseases for its manifestation in the skin (dermato). A reddish or purplish rash may occur over the face, neck and chest; on the shoulders and upper back, resembling a shawl; and/or on the elbows, knees and ankles. The skin may be scaly, dry and rough. Sometimes it looks like a sunburn. […] Over time, the inflammatory process in dermatomyositis leads to inflammation of muscle tissue, and is accompanied by weakness and sometimes pain. There can be loss of muscle bulk (atrophy). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs and neck display the most weakness in dermatomyositis. There also can be joint pain, inflammation of the heart and lung muscle tissues, as well as inflammation of blood vessels to other organs. […] Onset of dermatomyositis occurs in adulthood, and its progression is gradual. In children, juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) can occur, usually beginning between the ages of 5 and 14 and affecting girls more often than boys. Although inflammatory myopathies like dermatomyositis can lead to great discomfort for at least a period of time, effective treatments are available, and for the most part these conditions aren’t life-threatening. Dermatomyositis can, however, affect other organs besides the skin and muscle, leading to issues such as joint or lung inflammation. With treatment, many people recover partially or completely from dermatomyositis.

• #2 Dermatomyositis | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune condition. […] It leads to inflammation in the skin, muscles and blood vessels. […] Symptoms include muscle weakness, skin rashes, joint pain and fatigue. […] The main symptoms of dermatomyositis include skin rashes and muscle weakness. […] Muscle weakness usually begins in your hips, thighs, upper arms and shoulders. It worsens over time. It can make daily activities difficult. […] Other symptoms may include joint pain and swelling, calcinosis hard lumps full of calcium that build up under the skin, in muscles or tendons, fever, tiredness. […] Dermatomyositis can lead to various complications that affect different parts of your body. Over time, muscles can weaken (atrophy) and shorten (contracture). […] Other complications may include calcinosis hard, painful lumps of calcium under the skin that may cause sores, lung disease scarring in the lungs can make breathing difficult, this can be life-threatening, muscle weakness this may affect your ability to swallow, speak, or hold your head up, difficulty swallowing this may lead to malnutrition and an infection in your lungs, heart issues such as inflammation of the heart muscle and risk of heart attacks, higher cancer risk such as lung, breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis can cause gradually worsening muscle weakness. It happens most often in the muscles on both sides of your body that are closest to the center of your body, such as your hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms, and neck. […] Other symptoms can include weight loss, low-grade fever, inflamed lungs, and sensitivity to light.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare muscle disease that causes inflammation of the muscles, skin, and blood vessels. It may also affect other organs, such as the heart and lungs. […] The symptoms of dermatomyositis may be acute, appearing suddenly, or insidious, developing gradually. […] Muscle weakness is the most common symptom. People may also experience soreness, tenderness, stiffness, and muscle wasting, which is called atrophy. […] The condition may also affect other muscle groups, such as the throat, tongue, chest, and heart. This can lead to difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, difficulty speaking, or dysphonia, breathing difficulties, arrhythmia, which refers to abnormal heart rhythms, and heart muscle weakness, or cardiomyopathy. […] In 40% of people, skin changes may precede muscle weakness. The two hallmark features of the condition are Gottrons papules and a heliotrope rash.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis (DM) is a disease that causes chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. It affects the muscles and connective tissues of the body, and sometimes the joints too. […] The main symptoms are muscle weakness and inflammation, as well as skin rashes. The muscular weakness may be progressive and can be severely disabling. […] The main symptoms of dermatomyositis are weak and painful muscles, rashes, tiredness and feelings of depression. Some people may also have joint pains. […] The appearance of the rash can often occur before any sign of muscle weakness. Some people may have the disease for months or even years before it is realised, but most notice within weeks if they have developed muscular weakness. […] The large muscles about the hips and shoulders are usually the first to be affected and may feel tender and weak. This is caused by the swelling of the blood vessels in the muscles. The weakness results in difficulty in walking, lifting arms and getting up from the sitting and lying down positions.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory autoimmune disorder which affects the skin and the muscles. Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness over time. These may occur suddenly or develop over months. Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. Complications may include calcium deposits in muscles or skin. […] People with DM experience progressively worsening muscle weakness in the proximal muscles (for example, the shoulders and thighs). Tasks that use these muscles: standing from sitting, lifting, and climbing stairs, can become increasingly difficult for people with dermatomyositis. […] In some people, the condition affects the diaphragm muscle, the lungs directly (through inflammation), or both. This causes difficulty breathing, and dermatomyositis is considered to be a restrictive lung disease in patients with these symptoms. Respiratory symptoms occur in about 40% of people with dermatomyositis, and in these people, the symptoms may slowly progress and frequently are identified as an eventual cause of death. […] The risk of death from the condition is much higher if the heart or lungs are affected.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  The most common symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis include: Skin rash on the eyelids, knuckles, finger joints, elbows, knees; the rash may also occur on the face, chest and back, Muscle weakness, pain and tenderness, Difficulty swallowing, Fever, Fatigue, General discomfort and irritability, Weight loss, Joint pain and swelling, Calcium deposits under the skin (calcinosis). […] The course of juvenile dermatomyositis is often divided into three phases based on symptoms and findings on examination. The three phases include: Prodromal period. This phase can last for weeks or months. The symptoms seen during this period are nonspecific and can include fever, fatigue, weight loss, general discomfort and irritability. […] Progressive muscle weakness and rash. During this phase, symptoms include active inflammation causing muscle weakness and rash. Inflammation will continue unless it is treated with medications to suppress the immune system.

• #2 Dermatomyositis | About the Disease | GARD

  https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6263/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune condition that causes skin changes and muscle weakness. Symptoms can include a red skin rash around the eyelids, red bumps around the joints, and muscle weakness in the arms and legs. Muscle weakness gets worse over time and can lead to stiff joints and muscle wasting. […] Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as an Adult and as an Older Adult. […] The types of symptoms experienced, and their intensity, may vary among people with this disease. Your experience may be different from others. […] The following describes the symptom(s) associated with this disease along with the corresponding body system(s), description, synonyms, and frequency (Note: Not all possible symptoms may be listed): […] Proximal muscle weakness […] Skin rash […] Weight loss.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dermatomyositis

  The symptoms may come and go, and a person may require treatment for the rest of their life. […] Overall, about 10% of cases prove fatal, but the mortality rate is highest in the first year of the condition. The most common causes of death are cancer, ischemic heart disease, and pulmonary complications. […] However, more than half of those who survive retain their usual level of strength, and 16% have no disability. With treatment, 1 in 5 people reach remission, while the rest continue with a polycyclic course.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Recovery. Recovery after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy usually occurs over several months, but sometimes may occur over years. Many children recover full muscle strength. However, there may be some residual muscle weakness, atrophy (wasting), or contractures (a condition in which joints become fixed in position or limited in range of motion due to lack of muscle use). Many children have full resolution of rash, but some may experience scarring. Some children may also develop permanent calcinosis. Some children remain in remission and do not experience recurrence of inflammation, but others have episodic flares or persistent inflammation. […] With early treatment and appropriate follow-up care, many children with dermatomyositis will fully recover their strength, get back to their regular activities, and have a normal lifespan. […] A small percentage of children with the disorder will become permanently disabled because of muscle contractures and calcinosis. The mortality rate for the disorder is low (1-3 percent), and most fatalities are caused by severe involvement of the gastrointestinal system, heart and lungs.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Its often not until a rash appears around a childs eyes or on his knuckles, knees or elbows that parents of children with juvenile dermatomyositis make a doctors appointment. Yet your child may have been feeling the effects of the condition for months and sometimes years in the form of fevers, fatigue, or muscle weakness before the rash ever breaks out. […] The disease often begins with nonspecific, general symptoms (such as fever, fatigue and muscle weakness). […] Without treatment, a child may have residual muscle weakness, atrophy (wasting of the muscles) or contractures, a condition where children lose normal mobility of their joints. […] The course of juvenile dermatomyositis has historically been divided into four phases: […] In this phase, muscle weakness increases for days and weeks and then stabilizes. Once the stabilization occurs, it may last for several years before a child fully recovers.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  During this phase, symptoms include persistent muscle weakness, active inflammation of the muscles and a rash lasting up to two years. […] Recovery may occur after two or more years with residual muscle weakness, atrophy (wasting of the muscles), or contractures—a condition in which muscles in a particular location may become permanently paralyzed. Other times, a child recovers without any apparent long-term effects. […] The symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis often appear gradually, although your child may have more acute, or intense, symptoms. Each child may experience symptoms differently, but the most common signs are: fever, rash around the eyelids (known as heliotrope rash) and/or knuckles and finger joints (called Gottrens papules); a rash may also occur on the elbows, knees and ankles, muscle weakness, fatigue, malaise, muscle pain and tenderness, irritability, weight loss, joint pain and inflammation, calcium deposits under the skin (called calcinosis), mouth ulcers. […] The long-term outlook for my child? It’s important to keep in mind that most kids with JDM need to see a rheumatologist regularly. Most children come back to Children’s or visit a rheumatologist in their area at least once every other year once they are in remission.

• #2 Diagnosing Dermatomyositis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis

  Dermatomyositis may also cause weakness in the esophagus—the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach—and can lead to difficulty swallowing. In rare instances, the condition may affect the muscles of the heart; this often occurs without any symptoms. In addition, the condition may lead to lung inflammation, at times causing shortness of breath. […] A person may develop a rash without any muscle weakness. This is called amyopathic dermatomyositis, and it occurs in about 20 to 25 percent of people with this condition. In others, muscle involvement is the primary feature, and only a subtle rash is present. […] Chronic inflammation can cause changes in the body’s cells, putting adults with dermatomyositis at risk for cancer in the first three to five years after diagnosis. After this period of time, the risk of cancer drops to what it would be if dermatomyositis had never been diagnosed, even if you still have the condition.

• #2 Dermatomyositis Information for Patients | RDS

  https://www.rheumaderm-society.org/dermatomyositis-information-for-patients/

  Dermatomyositis (dermato = skin; myositis = muscle) is an autoimmune condition that characteristically causes a skin rash and muscle weakness. […] In dermatomyositis, this typically causes weakness of the proximal muscles of the body (such as the hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms, and neck). Some patients with dermatomyositis will note that it is hard to get out of a chair or comb their hair due to the weakness. A variety of skin rashes can occur with dermatomyositis, some of which can be intensely itchy and scaly and others which can cause the skin to be open and ulcerated (i.e. non-healing sores). […] Although dermatomyositis usually involves both the skin and muscle in affected patients, some people may only experience involvement of the skin without ever developing muscle weakness over many years, a condition termed amyopathic (without muscle) dermatomyositis. A recent population-based study in southern Minnesota estimated that approximately 20% of people who develop dermatomyositis may only have skin involvement (without ever developing muscle weakness).

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/j/juvenile-dermatomyositis.html

  Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and a skin rash. It’s different from other muscle diseases because it also causes skin problems. Symptoms often first appear in children between ages 5 and 10. Children with JDM have weak muscles around the neck, shoulders, and hips. They also have a skin rash around certain areas, such as the eyelids, knuckles, and finger joints. […] JDM symptoms often appear slowly over time. In some cases, they may happen more quickly or severely. Each child’s symptoms may vary. The most common symptoms include: Fever, Rash around the eyelids, knuckles, or finger joints, Rash on the elbows, knees, and ankles, Muscle weakness, Lack of energy (fatigue), Ill feeling (malaise), Muscle pain and soreness, Irritable mood, Trouble swallowing, Weight loss, due to trouble swallowing, Joint pain and inflammation, Calcium deposits under the skin (calcinosis), Mouth ulcers, Muscles wasting away (muscle atrophy), Some muscles may become paralyzed in a contracted position, Abnormal swelling and distortion of the blood vessels around the nails. […] Symptoms include fever, rash, muscle weakness and pain, and calcium deposits under the skin. […] Some children may have a complete remission of the disease. Others may have chronic symptoms that continue.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Less common symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis include: Vasculitic ulcers: These open sores in the skin or gastrointestinal tract result from inflamed blood vessels. They can extend deep into tissues and can be very painful. Contractures: Sometimes juvenile dermatomyositis causes joint muscles to shorten (contract). Shortened muscles lead to limited joint movement. […] There is no single cure for juvenile dermatomyositis. But medicine, physical therapy, and regular exercise can help children who have JDM live typical, active lives. Treatment plans vary depending on the symptoms and complications dermatomyositis causes in each child. […] Your child might need to take prescribed corticosteroids, methotrexate, or other anti-inflammatory medicines to treat inflammation caused by juvenile dermatomyositis. Hydroxychloroquine is a prescribed medicine to treat skin rash.

• #2 Dermatomyositis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/dermatomyositis?content_id=CON-20310623

  Possible complications of dermatomyositis include: […] Calcium deposits. These can occur in your muscles, skin and connective tissues as the disease progresses. These deposits are more common in children with dermatomyositis and develop earlier in the course of the disease. […] Dermatomyositis can cause heart muscle inflammation. In a small number of people who have dermatomyositis, congestive heart failure and heart rhythm problems develop. […] Dermatomyositis in adults has been linked to an increased likelihood of developing cancer, particularly ovarian cancer in women. Risk of cancer appears to level off three years or so after a diagnosis of dermatomyositis. […] There’s no cure for dermatomyositis, but treatment can improve your skin and your muscle strength and function.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-overview

  Muscle disease may occur concurrently, may precede the skin disease, or may follow the skin disease by weeks to years. […] The prognosis of dermatomyositis depends on the severity of the myopathy, the presence of malignancy, and/or the presence of esophageal and/or cardiopulmonary involvement. Residual weakness is common, even in patients who fully recover.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/j/juvenile-dermatomyositis

  JDM is a treatable disease. In many cases the disease goes into remission within two years. The child may have their medications stopped. […] However, some children may have active disease longer than two years. Some children may have more severe symptoms than others. […] Some children with JDM can have repeat episodes of the disease. Some may have the type of disease that does not respond quickly to medications.

• #2 Dermatomyositis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1101/p1565.html

  The most common are proximal muscle weakness, dysphonia or dysphagia. Other possible symptoms include respiratory muscle weakness, visual changes and abdominal pain. An important association with internal malignancy has been demonstrated and will be discussed in further detail. […] Poor prognostic indicators include recalcitrant disease, delay in diagnosis, older age, malignancy, fever, asthenia-anorexia, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, dysphagia and leukocytosis. Malignancy, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, and infection are the most common causes of death. With early treatment, survival rates as high as 80 and 73 percent at five and eight years, respectively, have been reported. […] Up to two thirds of this patient population develop severe complications of calcinosis cutis with mortality rates between 3 and 10 percent.

• #2 Myositis | Causes, symptoms, treatment

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/myositis/

  The symptoms of myositis vary between different people. […] With dermatomyositis you can have the above symptoms as well as: a red or pink rash on the upper eyelids, face and neck, and on the backs of the hands and fingers; swelling of the affected skin; puffiness and colouring around the eyes. […] Occasionally, myositis can affect breathing and swallowing. This may occur at the start of severe cases when the muscles used for these important tasks become weak. […] Children with dermatomyositis may develop painful deposits of the mineral calcium in damaged muscles. These deposits, combined with loss of mobility, can occasionally result in permanently rigid joints, which are called contractures. […] Even in severe cases, myositis usually responds to treatment, although many people need life-long drug treatment to keep their condition under control.

• #2 Dermatomyositis – What is it? How is it treated? – Myositis UK

  https://www.myositis.org.uk/myositis-info/conditions/dermatomyositis/

  Depression and a general feeling of unhappiness is very noticeable and can be an indication of the disease before any sign of muscle weakness. […] There is always a possibility that this can happen. As it is not fully understood how dermatomyositis develops initially, it can be triggered again. […] Many children can expect their disease to go away with appropriate treatment. In adults a small percentage do get well within two years. For most it is a case of living with the disease and understanding as much about the illness as possible, so that even during the periods of increased pain and weakness, a nearly normal life can be led.

• #2 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15701-dermatomyositis

  Some people (especially kids) diagnosed with dermatomyositis grow out of it and never have symptoms again. However, 80% of cases are chronic (they come back over time) and cause lifelong symptoms. […] Even with treatment, 80% of people have chronic dermatomyositis (sometimes referred to as polycyclic dermatomyositis). Your symptoms might come and go in waves throughout your life. […] Two-thirds of people living with dermatomyositis develop a physical disability because of the damage to their muscles. […] Dermatomyositis is fatal for approximately 5% of people diagnosed with it. This is especially true in the first year after being diagnosed. But, about 20% of people with dermatomyositis go into long-term remission. […] Visit your provider right away if you notice new weakness in your muscles, especially if you have a rash on your skin around the same time. The sooner dermatomyositis is diagnosed, the faster you can start treatment. This can decrease your chances of experiencing severe symptoms and other complications.

• #2 The Dermatomyositis Disease Symptom Questionnaire (DM-DSQ): A Measure to Assess the Patient Experience of Dermatomyositis Symptoms | The Journal of Rheumatology

  https://www.jrheum.org/content/51/12/1198

  Other troublesome DM symptoms were rash, pain, fatigue, and mechanics hands/sore cuticles. The most troublesome impacts of DM reported by participants were difficulty swallowing, self-image, having to avoid the sun, anxiety, and loss of independence during flares. […] The updated conceptual DM-DSQ model captured patient-reported symptoms of DM, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle/joint pain, and skin symptoms, as well as functional, emotional, role functioning (including work), and cognitive impacts.

• #2 Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14808-juvenile-dermatomyositis

  Overall, the outlook for juvenile dermatomyositis is usually positive. Many children experience remission (their symptoms go away) within two years of starting treatment. […] Juvenile dermatomyositis symptoms may go away for long periods and then come back. Treatment can help reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms. […] Rarely, JDM may cause life-threatening symptoms if muscle weakness affects breathing or swallowing muscles.

• #3 Dermatomyositis – The Myositis Association

  https://www.myositis.org/about-myositis/types-of-myositis/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis (DM) can affect people of any age or sex, but it is found more often in women than in men. […] The following symptoms are common for DM patients: Rash on the eyelids, cheeks, nose, back, upper chest, elbows, knees, and knuckles. Scaly, dry, or rough skin. Trouble rising from a seated position or getting up after a fall. General tiredness. Inflamed or swollen areas around fingernails. Sudden or progressive weakness in muscles in neck, hip, back, and shoulder muscles. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or a feeling of choking. Hardened lumps or sheets of calcium (calcinosis) under the skin. […] DM is usually the easiest type of myositis to diagnose because of the skin rash, which often appears before any muscle weakness is felt. […] The skin rash and weak muscles are caused by inflammation, or swelling, in the blood vessels under the skin and in the muscles, also called vasculitis. The weakness typically begins with muscles that are closest to and within the trunk of the body, such as the neck, hip, back, and shoulder muscles. Some DM patients also have muscle pain that accompanies the weakness. […] Patients who have the skin rash but feel no muscle weakness most likely have amyopathic DM, or DM sine myositis. These patients often list fatigue as a symptom, but do not experience the same muscle weakness as dermatomyositis patients.

• #3 Signs and Symptoms of Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/signs-and-symptoms

  Dermatomyositis is characterized by a number of common skin manifestations that can cause redness and itchiness, and rarely can also cause ulcerations in the skin. […] A reddish or purplish rash (heliotrope eruption) may occur on the upper eyelids, nose, cheeks, forehead or scalp (flakiness is not uncommon). […] Rashes and discoloration of the skin may occur on the shoulders and upper back, resembling a shawl. It can also resemble a v-neck sign when it affects the anterior chest. […] Scaling, redness, and/or lesions (Gottron sign/papules) may appear on the knuckles, elbows, knees, and ankles. Redness of the skin caused by an excess of blood in the small blood vessels (periungal erythema) can also occur and may be a subtle manifestation of dermatomyositis. […] Over time, the inflammatory process in dermatomyositis leads to inflammation of muscle tissue, and is accompanied by weakness. Affected muscles may be stiff, sore, and/or tender and, eventually, show signs of degeneration and atrophy (loss of bulk). The weakness usually becomes noticeable over the course of several weeks, but it can move faster (days) or more slowly (months). The muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, thighs, and neck display the most weakness in dermatomyositis.

• #3 Adult-onset dermatomyositis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/adult-onset-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterised by skeletal muscle weakness and skin changes. […] The skin changes of dermatomyositis will often, but not always, precede the muscle weakness. A face rash is the commonest initial skin sign, typically followed by scalp symptoms then the changes on the hands. […] Muscle weakness may appear at the same time as the skin rashes, or it may occur weeks, months, or even years later. […] The first indication of myositis is when the following every day movements become difficult with weakness and fatigue: Climbing stairs or walking, Rising from a sitting or crouching position, Lifting objects, Raising arms above the shoulders, such as when combing hair, Difficulty swallowing. […] Dermatomyositis may resolve in 20% of adults who have the condition, but most will require lifelong treatment. The prognosis of those with associated conditions such as malignancy, heart or lung involvement will be impacted and may be life-shortening.

• #3 Myositis | Causes, symptoms, treatment

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/myositis/

  The symptoms of myositis vary between different people. […] With dermatomyositis you can have the above symptoms as well as: a red or pink rash on the upper eyelids, face and neck, and on the backs of the hands and fingers; swelling of the affected skin; puffiness and colouring around the eyes. […] Occasionally, myositis can affect breathing and swallowing. This may occur at the start of severe cases when the muscles used for these important tasks become weak. […] Children with dermatomyositis may develop painful deposits of the mineral calcium in damaged muscles. These deposits, combined with loss of mobility, can occasionally result in permanently rigid joints, which are called contractures. […] Even in severe cases, myositis usually responds to treatment, although many people need life-long drug treatment to keep their condition under control.

• #3 Dermatomyositis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory autoimmune disorder which affects the skin and the muscles. Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness over time. These may occur suddenly or develop over months. Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. Complications may include calcium deposits in muscles or skin. […] People with DM experience progressively worsening muscle weakness in the proximal muscles (for example, the shoulders and thighs). Tasks that use these muscles: standing from sitting, lifting, and climbing stairs, can become increasingly difficult for people with dermatomyositis. […] In some people, the condition affects the diaphragm muscle, the lungs directly (through inflammation), or both. This causes difficulty breathing, and dermatomyositis is considered to be a restrictive lung disease in patients with these symptoms. Respiratory symptoms occur in about 40% of people with dermatomyositis, and in these people, the symptoms may slowly progress and frequently are identified as an eventual cause of death. […] The risk of death from the condition is much higher if the heart or lungs are affected.

• #3 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/dermatomyositis

  The symptoms may come and go, and a person may require treatment for the rest of their life. […] Overall, about 10% of cases prove fatal, but the mortality rate is highest in the first year of the condition. The most common causes of death are cancer, ischemic heart disease, and pulmonary complications. […] However, more than half of those who survive retain their usual level of strength, and 16% have no disability. With treatment, 1 in 5 people reach remission, while the rest continue with a polycyclic course.

• #3 Dermatomyositis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000839.htm

  Dermatomyositis is a disease that involves muscle inflammation and a skin rash. […] Symptoms may include: Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, Problems swallowing, Purple color to the upper eyelids, Purple-red skin rash, Shortness of breath, Difficulty swallowing. […] The muscle weakness may come on suddenly or develop slowly over weeks or months. […] The rash may appear on your face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. […] It is important to be followed by a health care provider when you have dermatomyositis. Severe illness can lead to disability and can sometimes result in death. […] Symptoms may go away completely in some people, such as children. […] The condition may be fatal in adults due to: Severe muscle weakness, Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Lung failure. […] The major causes of death with this condition are cancer and lung disease. […] People with lung disease with the anti-MDA-5 antibody have a poor prognosis in spite of current treatment.

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