Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Dermatomyositis is a rare condition that causes muscle inflammation. It presents with symmetric proximal muscle weakness, skin rash, and extramacular manifestations, such as esophageal dysfunction and interstitial lung disease. Dermatomyositis is strongly associated with malignancy, especially in adults. This activity outlines the evaluation and management of dermatomyositis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. […] The goals of managing dermatomyositis are focused on treating muscle weakness, skin disease, and addressing any other underlying complications. […] The first-line treatment of muscle disease in dermatomyositis is systemic glucocorticoids with or without immunosuppressants. […] Patients who do not respond satisfactorily to therapy with steroids and azathioprine or methotrexate are considered resistant. Treatment options for resistant cases include rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and cyclophosphamide.

• #2 Dermatomyositis Information for Patients | RDS

  https://www.rheumaderm-society.org/dermatomyositis-information-for-patients/

  Dermatomyositis (dermato = skin; myositis = muscle) is an autoimmune condition that characteristically causes a skin rash and muscle weakness. […] A variety of skin rashes can occur with dermatomyositis, some of which can be intensely itchy and scaly and others which can cause the skin to be open and ulcerated (i.e. non-healing sores). […] Although dermatomyositis usually involves both the skin and muscle in affected patients, some people may only experience involvement of the skin without ever developing muscle weakness over many years, a condition termed amyopathic (without muscle) dermatomyositis. […] Each patient with dermatomyositis is different; and therefore the severity of disease, associated complications, recommended treatments, and long-term outcomes will be different for each person and will need to be individualized by your doctors.

• #3 Demystifying Dermatomyositis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

  https://www.umassmed.edu/derm/blog/list/posts/2024/07/demystifying-dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis can affect individuals of all ages, it is more prevalent in adolescents and adults between 40 and 60 years old. […] Dermatologists who specialize in caring for dermatomyositis patients help guide this screening and make sure that their patients receive the best possible care tailored to their specific situation. […] Managing dermatomyositis requires a collaborative effort involving a team of medical professionals, often led by a dermatologist or a rheumatologist. Treatment for dermatomyositis usually includes oral or IV medications, and physical therapy can be very helpful if the muscles are involved. […] It is important that all dermatomyositis patients protect themselves well from the sun, as we know that sun exposure flares the disease. […] While facing dermatomyositis comes with its set of challenges, its important to know that many individuals achieve complete recovery with appropriate support and care. Raising awareness, fostering understanding and ensuring that those affected receive the necessary support is very important.

• #4 Dermatomyositis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1101/p1565.html

  Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristic skin manifestations. Although the disorder is rare, with a prevalence of one to 10 cases per million in adults and one to 3.2 cases per million in children, early recognition and treatment are important ways to decrease the morbidity of systemic complications. Patient management includes careful evaluation for underlying malignancy and liberal use of physical therapy, antihistamines, sunscreen and oral corticosteroids. The therapeutic goal is to maintain function and prevent or minimize sequelae. […] The goal is to improve function and prevent disability. The treatment regimen must be instituted early and requires a team approach between the physical therapist, dermatologist and family physician. Other subspecialist involvement may be required, depending on the particular manifestations of the disease. Before the development of treatment, mortality from complications of dermatomyositis was approximately 50 percent, so patient education is particularly important.

• #5 Adult-onset dermatomyositis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/adult-onset-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterised by skeletal muscle weakness and skin changes. […] General measures for the treatment of dermatomyositis include: Photoprotection and sun-avoidance as ultraviolet radiation exposure can exacerbate cutaneous symptoms. Bedrest. Physical therapy and activity. Elevating the bedhead for those with difficulty swallowing. […] Specific measures for more specific treatment of dermatomyositis can include: Topical steroids. Topical calcineurin inhibitors. Systemic corticosteroid such as prednis(ol)one. Hydroxychloroquine, although cutaneous adverse effects are more common in dermatomyositis than in SLE. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), FDA-approved in 2021. Steroid-sparing agents and other immunosuppressants, including: Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide, Tacrolimus, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil, Biological treatments. […] The prognosis of those with associated conditions such as malignancy, heart or lung involvement will be impacted and may be life-shortening.

• #6 Dermatomyositis NCP | PDF | Constipation | Physical Exercise

  https://www.scribd.com/document/240118214/Dermatomyositis-NCP

  The document describes three nursing care plans for patients. The first is for a patient at risk of infection due to immunosuppression from medications. Nursing interventions include teaching about infection precautions and a neutropenic diet. The second is for a patient with impaired mobility from muscle weakness. Interventions include assessing mobility, exercises, and encouraging activity. The third is for a patient at risk for constipation from inactivity and low fluid intake. Interventions include teaching about fluids, fiber, and activity and monitoring intake and output.

• #7 Nursing Care of Skin Damage of Elbow Gottron’s Disease in a Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Based on Multidisciplinary Cooperation

  http://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/nursing-care-of-skin-damage-of-elbow-gottronrsquos-disease-in-a-case-of-amyopathic-dermatomyositis-based-on-multidisciplinary-coop.html

  Nursing Care of Skin Damage of Elbow Gottron’s Disease in a Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Based on Multidisciplinary Cooperation. […] Objectives: To analyze the effect of multidisciplinary collaboration in the treatment of skin lesion wounds caused by Gottron’s disease of elbow in a patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis. […] Methods: A multi-disciplinary team of rheumatologists, orthopaedicians, nutritionists and wound therapists are formed to cooperate in patient disease control, wound debridement, wound bed preparation and surgically sutured the wound of joints. […] Conclusions: Multidisciplinary cooperation can take care of patients in an all-round way, reduce wound pain and wound healing. […] The core idea of multidisciplinary collaboration is to develop a standardized, individualized and continuous comprehensive treatment plan for patients with specific rheumatic diseases.

• #8 Nursing Care of Skin Damage of Elbow Gottron’s Disease in a Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Based on Multidisciplinary Cooperation

  https://fortuneonline.org/articles/nursing-care-of-skin-damage-of-elbow-gottronrsquos-disease-in-a-case-of-amyopathic-dermatomyositis-based-on-multidisciplinary-coop.html

  Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease affecting skin and muscle. […] The core idea of multidisciplinary collaboration is to develop a standardized, individualized and continuous comprehensive treatment plan for patients with specific rheumatic diseases. […] The painful skin lesion of elbow were taken care by the nurses and wound therapist. […] The wound was wiped with saline cotton ball to clear away superficial necrotic tissue. […] The patient’s blood sugar was also monitored, and caloric controlled diet was given. […] To relieve the pain, lidocaine diluent gauze was used while changing dressings. […] After multi-disciplinary collaboration, all the wounds healed, and the patient was followed up after discharge. […] Multidisciplinary collaboration should be widely used in patients with rheumatism. […] At present, wound specialist nurses have little research on wounds caused by rheumatic immune diseases, which calls for more exploration and research.

• #9 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis-care-instructions.uf8931

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong and flexible. You also may get exercises from a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints. […] Talk to your doctor about an exercise program. Activity is important for your muscles, heart, and lungs. If your doctor says it is okay, you may be able to walk, swim, cycle, or take exercise classes. You also may be able to lift weights. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You have side effects from the medicines that help control the immune system. These may include: Weight gain. Mood changes. Trouble sleeping. Bruising easily.

• #10 Dermatomyositis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, General Measures, Treatment of Muscle Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-treatment

  A well-balanced diet is useful. Patients with severe muscle inflammation may need extra protein to balance their loss. […] Patients with dermatomyositis should maintain activity as much as possible. Although vigorous physical training should be avoided when the myositis is active, a rehabilitative exercise regimen is typically still recommended during the course of active muscle disease. […] Consultations with the following specialists may be indicated: Rheumatologist, Dermatologist, Neurologist, Medical or surgical oncologist (for patients with cancer), Internal medicine specialist or pediatrician (depending on patient age), Pulmonologist, Cardiologist, Gastroenterologist. […] Disease activity must be closely monitored. Repeat measurements of muscle enzymes and clinical assessment of patients’ strength may facilitate assessment of the activity of the myositis. […] Annual physical examinations are useful to monitor for potential toxicity due to therapy or for the presence of a malignancy.

• #11 Dermatomyositis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment Options

  https://blog.leapcure.com/dermatomyositis-causes-symptoms-and-potential-treatment-options/

  Dermatomyositis is a complex condition that requires careful diagnosis and management by healthcare professionals, often involving a multidisciplinary approach including rheumatologists, dermatologists, and other specialists as needed. […] Children with dermatomyositis require specialized care from pediatric rheumatologists. […] Patients with dermatomyositis are more likely to have other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. […] While both involve medications to control inflammation and suppress the immune system, treatment plans typically place a strong emphasis on physical and occupational therapy to support optimal muscle function and development. […] Regular monitoring of dermatomyositis symptoms helps in adjusting the treatment as needed. […] Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential to monitor the progression of dermatomyositis and adjust treatments as needed.

• #12 Dermatomyositis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatomyositis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353192

  There’s no cure for dermatomyositis, but treatment can improve your skin and your muscle strength and function. […] With dermatomyositis, areas affected by your rash are more sensitive to the sun. Wear protective clothing or high-protection sunscreen when you go outside. […] A regular exercise routine can help you maintain and build your muscle strength. Be sure to get a detailed plan and recommendations from your doctor or physical therapist before starting an exercise program. […] Don’t wait until you’re exhausted. This will only set you back further as your body tries to recuperate. Learning to pace yourself can help you maintain a consistent level of energy, accomplish just as much and feel better emotionally. […] A registered dietitian can teach you how to prepare easy-to-eat foods. […] Protecting your skin from sun exposure by applying sunscreen and wearing protective clothing and hats is important for managing the rash of dermatomyositis.

• #13 Dermatomyositis Information for Patients | RDS

  https://www.rheumaderm-society.org/dermatomyositis-information-for-patients/

  Some treatment options for the skin rashes of dermatomyositis that your dermatologist may discuss with you include: Sun protective measures including daily sunscreen, sun-protective clothing, and sun avoidance strategies. […] Dermatomyositis can cause significant itching of the skin in some patients. Treatment may consist of a combination of topically-applied creams or ointments as well as pills that need to be taken by mouth in order to help ease the itching.

• #14 Nursing Care of Skin Damage of Elbow Gottron’s Disease in a Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Based on Multidisciplinary Cooperation

  http://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/nursing-care-of-skin-damage-of-elbow-gottronrsquos-disease-in-a-case-of-amyopathic-dermatomyositis-based-on-multidisciplinary-coop.html

  The process, method and follow-up of wound treatment are reported as follows. […] The painful skin lesion of elbow were taken care by the nurses and wound therapist. […] Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score was 4 when he was admitted to hospital, which means nutritional risk and nutritional therapy was needed. […] The patient was given oral administration of nutrient powder which was convenient and full of protein. […] To relieve the pain, lidocaine diluent gauze was used while changing dressings. […] After multi-disciplinary collaboration, all the wounds healed, and the patient was followed up after discharge. […] Multidisciplinary collaboration should be widely used in patients with rheumatism. […] At present, wound specialist nurses have little research on wounds caused by rheumatic immune diseases, which calls for more exploration and research.

• #15

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8931

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Physiotherapy can help keep your muscles strong and flexible. You also may get exercises from a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints. […] Talk to your doctor about an exercise program. Activity is important for your muscles, heart, and lungs. If your doctor says it is okay, you may be able to walk, swim, cycle, or take exercise classes. You also may be able to lift weights. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have side effects from the medicines that help control the immune system.

• #16 Dermatomyositis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/dermatomyositis

  Living with a chronic autoimmune disease can make you wonder whether you’re up to the challenge. To help you cope, try the following: […] Consider yourself, your doctor and other medical experts involved in your care as a united front in the management of your disease. Following the treatment plan you agreed to is vital. […] A regular exercise routine can help you maintain and build your muscle strength. […] Don’t wait until you’re exhausted. This will only set you back further as your body tries to recuperate. […] Denial, anger and frustration are normal when dealing with dermatomyositis. Feelings of fear and isolation are common, so stay close to your family and friends. […] You’re likely to first see your family doctor, who might refer you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones (rheumatologist) and to a doctor who specializes skin diseases (dermatologist).

• #17 Dermatomyositis | Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/dermatomyositis/

  Dermatomyositis is a chronic, incurable disease. […] The goals of treatment for dermatomyositis are to eliminate or reduce skin and muscle inflammation, restore muscle performance, reduce morbidity, and improve a patient’s quality of life. […] Finding a combination of medications is often necessary for successful results. […] Sun avoidance, ample use of high SPF sunscreen, UVA and physical blockers are recommended. […] The initial treatment is typically corticosteroids such as prednisone or prednisolone and may be dosed by the patient’s weight at 1 mg per kg. […] Exercise is important for myositis patients. […] Day-to-day management of dermatomyositis can take many forms. Adapting to a new normal can be challenging and require many lifestyle changes. […] Eating a well-balanced diet high in protein may be beneficial for those with dermatomyositis, and is for your overall health.

• #18 Dermatomyositis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, General Measures, Treatment of Muscle Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-treatment

  Several general measures are helpful in the care of patients with dermatomyositis. Bed rest is often valuable for those with severe inflammation of the muscles. […] In patients with muscle weakness, especially children, a program of physical therapy is useful to help prevent the contractures that can complicate the disease when patients do not fully move their joints. Rehabilitative exercise is also recommended for both adult and pediatric patients in order to maintain muscle strength, even during the course of active muscle disease. […] For patients with dysphagia and/or gastroesophageal reflux, elevation of the head of their bed and avoidance of eating prior to bedtime are helpful. These simple maneuvers may prevent aspiration pneumonitis. Occasionally, nasogastric tube feeding is needed to increase caloric input.

• #19 When the Provider Becomes the Patient: A Personal and Clinical Journey with Dermatomyositis

  https://home.hippoed.com/blog/when-the-provider-becomes-the-patient-a-personal-and-clinical-journey-with-dermatomyositis

  My journey with Dermatomyositis began as a perplexing odyssey, marked by subtle symptoms that fluctuated between my last two pregnancies. […] When I was finally diagnosed, my body was riddled with rashes. […] Dermatomyositis, though rare, carries a significant burden, affecting muscles and skin alike. […] Despite its rarity, Dermatomyositis warrants heightened vigilance due to its association with various complications, including interstitial lung disease and an increased risk of cancer. […] Treatment is very case-dependent and revolves around high-dose glucocorticoids and corticosteroid-sparing agents, such as azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil. […] Lifestyle changes, like adhering to an anti-inflammatory diet, physical therapy, and avoiding UV exposure, all play a pivotal role in managing Dermatomyositis.

• #20 Dermatomyositis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15701-dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis treatments include: […] Physical therapy (and exercise in general) can help rebuild damage in your muscles. The stronger your muscles are, the better equipped they are to handle any damage from dermatomyositis. […] Managing your dermatomyositis symptoms will likely be a long-term process possibly for the rest of your life. […] If you have dermatomyositis, it’s important to see your healthcare provider regularly. They’ll need to monitor your symptoms and make sure your condition isn’t spreading or getting more severe. […] Talk to your provider about planning out your treatment and symptom management journey. They’ll help you understand what’s coming next and how to prepare for any changes you’ll need to make if the dermatomyositis causes more severe symptoms. […] Cleveland Clinic can help manage your symptoms and provide lifelong care.

• #21 Physical Therapy for Dermatomyositis | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/dermatomyositis/treatments/physical-therapy-for-dermatomyositis

  Specialists at NYU Langone recommend physical therapy as an important part of treatment for muscle weakness associated with dermatomyositis. […] Therapy should be started as soon as symptoms are under control. […] Our neuromuscular specialists and rheumatologists, who manage conditions that cause painful swelling in joints and muscles, work with physical therapists at NYU Langones Rusk Rehabilitation to help you rebuild strength in weakened muscles. […] Physical therapy can restore range of motion in joints that may have become stiff with underuse. […] It can also increase flexibility and prevent further loss of muscle tissue. […] Physical therapy and exercise improve blood flow, helping you heal. […] They can also boost your sense of wellbeing.

• #22 Dermatomyositis: Myositis and the Skin

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_myositis-skin-dermatomyositis.asp

  Dr. Harp began her presentation by discussing skin changes that can occur in dermatomyositis (DM). These include: […] Dr. Harp went on to explain that in DM, inflammation occurs where the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin meet. DM is an inflammatory myopathy (disease of the muscle tissue) with specific and non-specific skin lesions described above. Skin disease often develops before muscle disease; Dr. Harp recommended that all people with DM who have skin lesions should be evaluated for muscle and lung disease, and undergo cancer screenings, even if no other symptoms are present. […] Dr. Harp presented various skin-focused treatments. She emphasized the importance of topical (external) treatments and protection from the sun. […] As an example, Dr. Harp described the treatment of a 56-year-old patient with dermatomyositis, with involvement of the scalp, eyelid, and chest, as well as hand rash, in which each area that was affected was treated with different types and strengths of topical agents. It is important to note that each individual requires different treatment and that this is best discussed with your doctor.

• #23 Dermatomyositis: Myositis and the Skin

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_myositis-skin-dermatomyositis.asp

  Dr. Harp emphasized the importance of using broad spectrum (which offers protection from both UVA and UVB rays) sunscreen on exposed parts of the body all year round. […] Dr. Harp noted that itching can be a debilitating effect of DM. Patients experiencing this symptom should speak with their doctor, who may recommend oral and/or topical options for treatment. […] Individuals who do not achieve symptom relief with topical treatment should consult their doctor. He or she may consider prescribing antimalarials, such as Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine). According to Dr. Harp this class of drugs helps 40-75% of people with DM. […] Dr. Harp also described treatment options that may be used when skin disease is more severe. These include: Prednisone as the first line of defense if muscle disease is also present.

• #24 Dermatomyositis: what the oral healthcare provider must know | Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery

  https://www.jomos.org/articles/mbcb/full_html/2021/01/mbcb200068/mbcb200068.html

  The importance of maintenance of oral hygiene in such patients is further reinforced by the fact that dysphagia experts believe that poor oral care can lead to aspiration of oral bacteria resulting in aspiration pneumonia. […] Dental appointments must be of short duration considering that muscle weakness involving masticatory or neck muscles could fatigue the patient on prolonged mouth opening. […] Gastric irritation is common in patients who are on prolonged therapy with GC, MTX and MMF. […] Therefore, the choice of medications to be prescribed must take this fact into consideration. […] Subclinical dental focus of infection has been reported as a prime cause/trigger of DM, which resolved after successful resolution of the infective focus and concomitant ozone therapy. […] This demonstrates the importance of evaluation of oral health and its maintenance for a successful outcome in DM management.

• #25 Dermatomyositis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/

  Physical therapy and rehabilitation play an essential role in management. Patients with mild disease should be encouraged to participate in active exercise programs. […] Patients and their families should be educated about the nature of the disease, its progression, prognosis, and the need to monitor for adverse effects of medical therapy. […] Sun Protective Measures: Patients should be advised to avoid sunlight, use sunscreen, and adopt sun-protective measures such as wearing wide-brimmed hats and full-body covered clothing to prevent the worsening of photosensitive skin rash. […] Rehabilitation in the form of resistive exercises should be started in the early phase of the disease as it can improve daily functioning.

• #26 Dermatomyositis – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/dermatomyositis/

  Strong steroid ointments are usually given for the skin rash for all areas including the face. […] Drugs such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine are also immune suppressants which have different side effects to steroids. […] Dermatomyositis is made worse by sunlight; it is therefore advisable to stay in the shade between 10am and 3pm. […] Regular exercise can help maintain movement and reduce the problems associated with muscle weakness and pain. […] It is important for everyone to take part in cancer screening programmes, but with the higher risk of cancer associated with dermatomyositis it is especially important. […] Remember to use the medication as prescribed and inform the GP or specialist if there are any concerns.

• #27 Get Dermatomyositis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/dermatomyositis-treatment

  Dermatomyositis is a lifelong condition and requires a long-term commitment to your health. […] To manage your symptoms, its important to keep up with follow-up care, like: Doing therapy exercises, Taking your medications, Going to follow-up appointments, Keeping up with regular screening tests, Avoiding UV exposure and using sunscreen. […] Cleveland Clinic has you covered. Our expert healthcare providers are by your side, from the moment you book that first appointment through follow-ups and lifelong care.

• #28 Dermatomyositis (Aftercare Instructions)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/dermatomyositis-aftercare-instructions.html

  Stay out of the sun in the middle of the day. The sun is strongest and most harmful to your skin between 10am and 2pm. […] Cover your skin. Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants when you are out in the sun. Wear a hat with a wide brim to protect both your face and neck. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider as directed: Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits. […] Contact your healthcare provider if: You have a fever. You are depressed. You are weaker than usual. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. […] Return to the emergency department if: You cannot move your arm or leg. You have severe pain. You have trouble breathing.

• #29 Medical Management – Dermatomyositis – Diseases | Muscular Dystrophy Association

  https://www.mda.org/disease/dermatomyositis/medical-management

  Dermatomyositis is a highly treatable disease. Drugs that suppress the immune system (immunosuppressive drugs) are the mainstay of therapy. […] Treatment plans are typically individualized to meet the needs of the affected person and ongoing monitoring is required to optimize the treatment protocol. In some cases, affected people may require prolonged maintenance therapy throughout their lives, while in others, therapy may be gradually withdrawn as symptoms resolve. […] Multidisciplinary care can improve the overall health of people living with dermatomyositis, and may include recommendations from a variety of specialists. […] Supportive treatment can help manage complications such as swallowing or breathing difficulties or abnormalities of the heart, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract. […] Non-pharmacological treatments to avoid exacerbating the skin aspects of dermatomyositis may include sun avoidance and use of sunscreens and protective clothing.

• #30 Dermatomyositis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, General Measures, Treatment of Muscle Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-treatment

  The mainstay of therapy for the muscle disease is systemically administered corticosteroids. […] Generally, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or azathioprine are used first line as glucocorticoid-sparing agents for muscle involvement. […] For refractory cases, the use of monthly high-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for 6 months has proved beneficial in the short term. […] Therapy of cutaneous disease of dermatomyositis is often difficult. Some patients with dermatomyositis present primarily with skin disease (ie, amyopathic dermatomyositis [ADM]), whereas others present with a muscle component that is controlled but with significant ongoing skin disease. […] First-line therapy is to recognize that the patient is photosensitive and to prescribe sun avoidance and sun protection measures, including broad-spectrum sunscreens and photoprotective clothing.

• #31 Dermatomyositis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, General Measures, Treatment of Muscle Disease

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-treatment

  Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been beneficial in small, open-label case studies; however, roughly 25-30% of patients with dermatomyositis who are treated with hydroxychloroquine develop a drug eruption, and patients should be counseled regarding this potential adverse effect. […] Methotrexate is often considered first-line systemic therapy if antimalarials fail or are contraindicated. […] Azathioprine has been reported to be effective for muscle involvement, but there is a paucity of literature regarding cutaneous response. […] Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) has benefited muscle involvement and cleared the skin lesions in the patients in whom it was used. […] Some patients with localized areas of calcinosis may wish to have the calcinotic nodules surgically removed, particularly if they are tender.

• #32 Dermatomyositis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1101/p1565.html

  Physical therapy is directed at preventing atrophy and contractures, and is particularly necessary in patients with calcinosis and muscle involvement. Technique should focus initially on passive stretching and splinting, with inclusion of more aggressive strength-building therapy once inflammation is controlled. The use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen is recommended in all patients with dermatomyositis and has the greatest benefit in patients who are photosensitive. Sun-avoidance techniques should be used, including the use of protective clothing. […] The initial oral pharmacologic agent, prednisone, is given in a single daily dose of 0.5 to 1.5 mg per kg until the serum creatine kinase (CK) level is normalized and then slowly tapered over the following 12 months. If no improvement in objective muscle strength occurs after three months of prednisone therapy, other immunosuppressive therapy should be considered. The latter will be necessary in approximately 25 percent of patients.

• #33 Managing Your Dermatomyositis & Polymyositis – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/myositis

  Muscle exercises are an important part of treatment. Theyre for flexibility and help strengthen muscles. A physical therapist can create the right exercise program. […] DO get treatment as soon as possible. Early treatment gets better results. […] DO keep active. This will help keep your muscles from getting weaker. Do your physical therapy exercises. […] DO remember that treatments may be needed for years. You may need frequent blood tests to monitor your disease and side-effects of the medications. About half of people have a remission and stop therapy within 5 years of diagnosis. The others will have active disease that needs ongoing treatment or inactive disease with permanent muscle weakness. […] DONT push your body too hard. Learn to pace yourself. Rest when youre tired. […] DONT miss follow-up appointments. […] DONT stop taking medicines without talking to your health care provider. Prednisone, if used for a long time, must be tapered off rather than stopped suddenly.

• #34 Dermatomyositis (Aftercare Instructions)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/dermatomyositis-aftercare-instructions.html

  Dermatomyositis (DM) is a muscle disease that causes inflammation and a skin rash. […] Medicines help decrease pain, rash, swelling, and itching. You may also need medicine to slow the attack on your muscles by your immune system. […] Go to physical and occupational therapy. A physical therapist teaches you exercises to help improve movement and strength, and to decrease pain. An occupational therapist teaches you skills to help with your daily activities. […] Massage and stretch your muscles to help prevent stiffness and loss of movement. […] Hydrotherapy is a gentle water exercise program. It may strengthen muscles and help improve movement. […] Wear sunscreen that is SPF15 or higher. It should also have UVA and UVB protection. Reapply sunscreen often if you go swimming or are sweating heavily. Protect your lips by using lipsticks and lip balms that contain sunscreen.

• #35 Dermatomyositis | Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/dermatomyositis/

  You are NOT alone. When living with dermatomyositis, having a good support system in place is extremely helpful. […] We offer several online support options for patients, family members, caregivers, and friends of those living with DM. […] The prognosis of dermatomyositis depends on many varying factors including patient response to treatment, the age of onset, the severity of disease and its manifestations, the presence of pulmonary or cardiac involvement, and if there is an associated malignancy. […] Some dermatomyositis patients respond very well to treatment, while others do not respond at all. Finding the right treatment, or combination of treatments can take months to years.

• #36 Dermatomyositis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment Options

  https://blog.leapcure.com/dermatomyositis-causes-symptoms-and-potential-treatment-options/

  Organizations like the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) offer support and resources for individuals with muscle diseases, including dermatomyositis. […] Joining online support groups and forums can connect people with dermatomyositis to others who understand their experiences. […] Accessing reliable information about dermatomyositis is crucial for managing the disease. […] Living with dermatomyositis involves a comprehensive approach that includes medical treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and support from healthcare providers and community resources.

• #37 Juvenile dermatomyositis – Children’s Health Rheumatology

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/dermatomyositis

  Childrens Health uses a multidisciplinary approach to caring for your child. This allows us to offer our patients care from multiple specialists and experts, in a single appointment, at one location. If your child has symptoms of a rheumatic disorder such as dermatomyositis, contact us. […] We provide the comprehensive and individualized care necessary to put your child back on the path to a healthy life.

• #38 Dermatomyositis Treatment in Houston | Millennium Physicians

  https://millenniumphysicians.com/rheumatology/dermatomyositis/

  Our specialized team ensure personalized treatment plans for individuals affected by this rare inflammatory disease. […] At Millennium Physicians, our expert team is dedicated to providing comprehensive care and support for individuals with dermatomyositis, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. […] At Millennium Physicians, our dedicated team provides comprehensive care for individuals with dermatomyositis. We offer personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs, ensuring the best possible outcomes. […] If you suspect you have dermatomyositis or have been diagnosed with the condition, it is important to seek care from specialists who are experienced in managing autoimmune diseases. At Millennium Physicians, our dedicated team offers comprehensive care and personalized treatment plans to help manage dermatomyositis effectively.

• #39 Functional Medicine Dermatomyositis: Optimized Management Tips | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-dermatomyositis-optimized-management-tips/

  Lifestyle and Diet Impact: Making informed lifestyle and dietary adjustments can significantly influence disease progression and symptom management in cases of autoimmune diseases and myopathy. […] Ongoing Monitoring is Essential: Regular tracking of symptoms and progress helps in adjusting treatment strategies effectively, ensuring optimal outcomes based on study findings and criteria. […] Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and managing symptoms. Corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation quickly. […] Immunosuppressive drugs help control the immune system’s response. Physical therapy maintains muscle strength and flexibility. […] A tailored treatment plan is crucial for effectively managing autoimmune diseases like dermatomyositis. Each case is unique, requiring different combinations of therapies and lifestyle changes for autoimmune diseases like myositis.

• #40 Dermatomyositis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1101/p1565.html

  Poor prognostic indicators include recalcitrant disease, delay in diagnosis, older age, malignancy, fever, asthenia-anorexia, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, dysphagia and leukocytosis. Malignancy, cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, and infection are the most common causes of death. With early treatment, survival rates as high as 80 and 73 percent at five and eight years, respectively, have been reported.

• #41 Dermatomyositis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332783-overview

  Surgical care is usually unnecessary in the management of dermatomyositis. However, some patients may benefit from surgical removal of localized areas of calcinosis, particularly those that are painful. […] The prognosis of dermatomyositis depends on the severity of the myopathy, the presence of malignancy, and/or the presence of esophageal and/or cardiopulmonary involvement. Residual weakness is common, even in patients who fully recover.

• #42 Dermatomyositis

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and skin rash. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. There’s no cure for the condition, but the symptoms can be managed. You may need more than 1 kind of treatment. And your treatment may need to be changed over time. Treatments include: […] Talk with your provider about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all medicines. […] If you have dermatomyositis, you may need treatment for the rest of your life. It’s important to learn as much as you can about the disease. Work closely with your healthcare provider. Researchers are studying causes and treatments for the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment for the disease may improve over time. […] Symptoms include a red or purple rash on sun-exposed skin and eyelids, calcium deposits under the skin, muscle weakness, and trouble talking or swallowing. […] There is no cure, but treatment is done to reduce the symptoms. […] Possible complications for some people with dermatomyositis include lung disease, heart disease, or cancer. These can make treatment more difficult.

• #43 Respiratory failure in dermatomyositis induced by anti-Mi-2β antibodies: case report – Mora Martínez – Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

  https://jeccm.amegroups.org/article/view/8587/html

  Dermatomyositis often affects the lungs. Common reasons for Intensive Care Unit admission include infections and acute exacerbations. […] Managing respiratory failure becomes challenging due to the progression of respiratory complications. […] Immunosuppressive treatment, supportive therapy, and mechanical ventilation are crucial in managing respiratory failure induced by dermatomyositis. […] Early diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, and corticosteroids constitute the cornerstone in managing dermatomyositis-induced respiratory failure.

• #44 Dermatomyositis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Dermatomyositis

  Patients diagnosed with dermatomyositis should undergo age-specific malignancy workup, which may include colonoscopy (or fecal occult blood test), urine analysis, mammography, and pap smear. […] Ophthalmologic management of dry eye, lid hygiene, and preventative management to slow progression is current treatment practice.

• #45 Dermatomyositis | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

  https://www.wakehealth.edu/condition/d/dermatomyositis

  Dermatomyositis is treated with anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids. You may also take drugs to suppress the immune system such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine to treat the skin rash. […] When your muscles get stronger, your doctor may tell you to slowly cut back on your doses. Most people with dermatomyositis must take a medicine called prednisone for the rest of their lives. […] If a cancer is causing the dermatomyositis, the muscle weakness and rash may get better when the tumor is removed.

• #46 Functional Medicine Dermatomyositis: Optimized Management Tips | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-dermatomyositis-optimized-management-tips/

  By focusing on individual needs, doctors may provide more effective care for autoimmune diseases like myositis. […] Dietary changes can significantly impact dermatomyositis management. Certain foods can reduce inflammation and support immune health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish like salmon, help reduce inflammation. […] Regular exercise helps manage symptoms of dermatomyositis. Gentle exercises like walking or swimming improve muscle strength without causing strain. […] Stress management is vital for reducing symptom severity in dermatomyositis patients. Chronic stress can trigger flare-ups and worsen symptoms. […] Regular testing is crucial for managing dermatomyositis. Blood tests, like creatine kinase (CK) levels, help monitor muscle inflammation. […] Regular follow-up appointments are essential for assessing treatment progress. […] Continuous support helps you stay on track with your treatment plan. Regular check-ins ensure adjustments can be made as needed for optimal health.

• #47 Dermatomyositis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment Options

  https://blog.leapcure.com/dermatomyositis-causes-symptoms-and-potential-treatment-options/

  Managing dermatomyositis in children requires special attention to their unique needs. Pediatric rheumatologists and specialized treatment plans are essential for addressing the symptoms of juvenile dermatomyositis and complications in young patients. […] This plan may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressant drugs, and other medications to control inflammation and manage symptoms of dermatomyositis. […] Participating in moderate-intensity exercise can help maintain muscle tone and flexibility. […] Protecting the skin from sun exposure is essential. Using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours can help manage skin symptoms of dermatomyositis. […] Regular monitoring is essential to effectively manage the condition. […] This patient-centric approach helps individuals understand their condition better, find support, and explore options related to dermatomyositis clinical trials.

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