Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blue-skin-or-lips-cyanosis/

  Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue or grey. It can be a sign of a serious problem. […] If you have cyanosis, you may notice a blue or grey colour on your lips, tongue, gums, skin (black or brown skin may turn grey – this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, gums and inside the eyelids), ears, under your nails. […] You or your child may also have difficulty breathing, have chest pain, be confused, drowsy or dizzy. […] Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis) happens when there’s not enough oxygen in your blood, or you have poor blood circulation. […] Cyanosis is a symptom of many different conditions.

• #2 Cyanosis (Blue Hands & Feet): Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24297-cyanosis

  Cyanosis is when your skin, lips and/or nails turn a bluish tone. It occurs when your blood lacks the oxygen it needs to reach the different tissues in your body. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the cause. Oxygen therapy is usually a first treatment. […] Cyanosis is the medical term for when your skin, lips or nails turn blue due to a lack of oxygen in your blood. […] Cyanosis can mean your organs, muscles and tissues aren’t getting the amount of blood they need to function properly. […] While blue skin and lips aren’t always a cause for concern, some conditions do need immediate medical treatment. […] Serious heart, lung or blood conditions may be the cause of central cyanosis. It’s very important to seek treatment immediately. […] Cyanosis is usually caused by a lack of oxygen in your blood.

• #3 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/

  Cyan means blue, and the abnormal bluish skin and mucous membrane discoloration is called cyanosis. It is a pathologic sign and not a disease by itself. Underlying diseases that increase the deoxygenated hemoglobin to 5.0 g/dl or more leads to cyanosis. Cyanosis can be best appreciated in areas with rich superficial vasculature and thin overlying dermis. These include lips, nose, earlobes, oral cavity, extremities, and tips of fingers and toes. Cyanosis usually becomes evident in hypoxemia, that is, abnormally low oxygenation concentration (80-85%) in arterial blood. However, it is not sensitive or a specific indicator of hypoxemia. Since cyanosis is a clinical sign, a proper evaluation is important to determine the etiology of cyanosis. […] Cyanosis is further classified as central, peripheral, and differential.

• #4 Pediatric Cardiology Part 1

  https://www.utmb.edu/Pedi_Ed/CoreV2/CardiologyPart1/CardiologyPart18.html

  Cyanosis is a blue discoloration of the skin and/or mucous membranes. It is due to the presence of greater than 3 g/dL of reduced or deoxygenated Hb (Hb) in the blood. It is important to note that cyanosis is dependent on the absolute concentration of reduced Hb. Cyanosis can be clinically appreciated when the O2 saturation is 85%. […] At a normal Hb level of 15 g/dL, the presence of 3 g/dL of reduced Hb results in 20% desaturation. Therefore, cyanosis is visible when O2 saturation is approximately ~80%. The lower the Hb level, the lower the O2 saturation needed before cyanosis can be appreciated. […] If the patient has Hb level 21 g/dL, the presence of 3 g/dL of reduced Hb leads to about 15% desaturation (3g/dL per 21 g/dL = 15%). Cyanosis is thus visible when O2 saturation is reduced to 85%.

• #5 Pediatric Cardiology Part 1

  https://www.utmb.edu/Pedi_Ed/CoreV2/CardiologyPart1/CardiologyPart18.html

  Conversely, at a Hb level of 10 g/dL such as in anemia, the presence of 3 g/dL of reduced Hb results in about 30% desaturation (3g/dL per 10 g/dL = 30%) and cyanosis does not appear until O2 saturation is ~70%. By the time cyanosis is noted in a severely anemic patient, the concentration of Hb is markedly reduced and the patient is usually very sick. […] Infants with a higher proportion of HbF may have a greater reduction in oxygenation before cyanosis is clinically apparent. For example, in infants who have mostly adult Hb, central cyanosis (arterial saturation 75% to 85%) will be observed when the PaO2 falls below 50 mmHg. In contrast, in infants with mostly HbF, central cyanosis may not be observed until the PaO2 drops well below 40 mmHg. […] Evaluation of Neonatal Cyanosis […] Types of Cyanosis:

• #6 Blue discoloration of the skin: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003215.htm

  A bluish color to the skin or mucous membrane is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. The medical term is cyanosis. […] People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called cyanosis. […] In dark-skinned people, cyanosis may be easier to see in the mucous membranes (lips, gums, around the eyes) and nailbeds. […] Bluish skin can be a sign of many serious medical problems. Contact or visit your provider. […] Is your body blue all over? How about your lips or nailbeds? […] Lips – bluish; Fingernails – bluish; Cyanosis; Bluish lips and fingernails; Bluish skin.

• #7 Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis) | Health Information from Hedgegrail Pharmacy

  https://hedgegrailpharmacy.co.uk/nhs_conditions_blue-skin-or-lips-cyanosis

  Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis) Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue or grey. It can be a sign of a serious problem. […] If you have cyanosis, you may notice a blue or grey colour on your: lips, tongue, gums, skin (black or brown skin may turn grey – this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, gums and inside the eyelids), ears, under your nails. […] Call 999 if: you or your child’s lips, tongue, face or skin suddenly turn blue or grey – on brown or black skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, lips, gums and inside the eyelids. […] These are signs of a serious medical problem. […] Get help from NHS 111 if: you or your child’s fingers, toes, hands and feet are blue or grey – on brown or black skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet.

• #8 Blue lips: When to seek help, causes, and other symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/blue-lips

  Cyanosis can occur when the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood. […] Cyanosis is the medical term for discoloration to the lips, skin, tongue, or other mucous membranes. In white people, cyanosis causes the lips and skin to turn blue. In Black people, cyanosis may cause the lips and skin to become gray or whitish but might become more evident in the gums, and around the eyes and nails. […] According to the United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS), if a person has blue or gray lips, they need to seek emergency medical help. […] With a lack of oxygen, the skin and lips may turn blue or white. This is a warning sign to call 911. […] According to the American Academy of Dermatology state that changes to skin or lip color can indicate a blockage in a blood vessel. […] If a person notices that an infants lips are blue or gray, they should contact a healthcare professional for advice.

• #9 Cyanosis: Types, Causes, and Diagnosis of Blue Skin

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-discoloration-bluish

  Bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis) may affect your hands, feet, or entire body. Possible causes include heart, lung, and circulatory conditions, some of which are life threatening. […] Cyanosis is often the result of heart, lung, or circulatory system issues. […] Most often, cyanosis is a symptom of a serious health condition. […] There are four types of cyanosis: Central cyanosis, Peripheral cyanosis, Mixed cyanosis, Acrocyanosis. […] Cyanosis occurs when hemoglobin is at low levels or doesn’t carry oxygen at all. […] Most causes of cyanosis are serious and a symptom of your body not getting enough oxygen. Some causes such as heart attack, heart failure, and those that affect your breathing are even life threatening. […] A doctor can diagnose cyanosis just by looking at your skin.

• #10 Cyanosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cyanosis

  Cyanosis refers to a bluish-purple color of the skin. It is most easily seen where the skin is thin, such as the lips, mouth, earlobes and fingernails. […] Cyanosis means there may be decreased oxygen in the bloodstream. It may suggest a problem with the lungs or heart. Cyanosis is a finding based on what is seen, not by a laboratory test. […] Central cyanosis refers to cyanosis found on central parts of the body, including the mouth, head and torso. Central cyanosis is never normal in the newborn period and is almost always linked to a lower amount of oxygen in the blood. It could be due to a problem of the heart, lungs or blood. […] Cyanosis is usually caused by abnormalities of the heart, the lungs or the blood. […] Not all heart or lung disease is linked with cyanosis. Not having cyanosis may be reassuring, but it does not exclude the possibility of a heart defect.

• #11 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/

  Central cyanosis is a generalized bluish discoloration of the body and visible mucous membranes. It occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that increase deoxygenated hemoglobin or abnormal hemoglobin. […] Peripheral cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes). It can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas, but mucous membranes are generally not involved. Peripheral cyanosis is rarely a life-threatening medical emergency. However, it is essential to determine the underlying cause and manage it promptly to prevent potential complications. […] All causes of central cyanosis can also cause peripheral cyanosis. Cardiopulmonary causes and hemoglobin abnormalities are the common causes of central cyanosis. […] Peripheral cyanosis occurs due to the inability of the body to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the peripheral tissues. Congestive peripheral cyanosis can be caused due to the slowing of blood flow. Ischemic peripheral cyanosis occurs when vasoconstriction leads to diminished peripheral blood flow. In peripheral cyanosis, there is normal arterial oxygen saturation but increased oxygen extraction by the peripheral tissue in the capillary bed in the setting of peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased peripheral blood flow. This results in a significant difference in the saturation between the arterial and venous blood, with increased deoxygenated blood on the venous side of the capillary beds.

• #12 Cyanosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cyanosis

  Cyanosis in congenital heart defects results when blue blood (oxygen poor) does not reach the lungs to make red blood, or when red blood (oxygen rich) is mixed with blue blood before it returns to the body. […] Parents can usually recognize cyanosis, but it is not always easy, even for doctors. This is especially true in children with darker skin. […] Cyanosis found only on the hands, the feet and the area around the lips is known as acrocyanosis and is a normal finding in babies. […] Cyanosis on the lips, tongue, head or torso is central cyanosis, and should be promptly evaluated by a doctor. […] How is cyanosis diagnosed? […] This test will definitively determine if the level of oxygen is normal or low.

• #13 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-of-cyanosis.aspx

  Cyanosis is characterized by bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes. Cyanosis is usually a sign of an underlying condition rather than being a disease in itself. […] The most common symptoms of the condition are bluish discoloration of the lips, fingers, and toes. […] This is manifested by bluish or purple discoloration of tongue and lips and mucous membranes of the mouth. […] It is seen in diseases of the heart or lungs and in abnormal haemoglobin conditions like methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin etc. […] Here cyanosis is caused due to desaturation of central arterial blood due to diseases of the heart and lungs. […] This deoxygenated venous blood instead of going to the lungs for oxygenation moves to the general blood circulation of the body leading to symptoms of cyanosis.

• #14 Cyanosis (Blue Coloration) in Dogs

  https://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/pet-health/cyanosis-blue-coloration-in-dogs

  Peripheral cyanosis is due to desaturated hemoglobin that may be confined to a specific region of the body. […] Causes of central cyanosis include: Congenital heart disease, Tetralogy of Fallot, Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect, Reversed patent ductus arteriosis, Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax, Respiratory muscle failure, Muscle disorder, Neurologic disease, Anesthetic overdose, Airway obstruction, Laryngeal paralysis, Tumor, abscess, granuloma, foreign body obstructing a large airway, Inadequate oxygen due to improperly administered anesthesia, Ventilation-perfusion mismatch, Pulmonary thromboembolism, Infiltration of the lung tissue with fluid, Inflammatory cells, Cancer cells, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Pulmonary fibrosis. […] Additionally, abnormal hemoglobin (methemoglobin) can result in cyanosis due to chemicals that render the hemoglobin nonfunctional.

• #15 Cyanosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanosis

  Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. […] Skin pigmentation and hemoglobin concentration can affect the evaluation of cyanosis. Cyanosis may be more difficult to detect on people with darker skin pigmentation. However, cyanosis can still be diagnosed with careful examination of the typical body areas such as nail beds, tongue, and mucous membranes where the skin is thinner and more vascular. […] Cyanosis is a symptom, not a disease itself, so management should be focused on treating the underlying cause.

• #16 Peripheral cyanosis: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322560

  Peripheral cyanosis is when someones hands, fingertips, or feet turn blue due to a lack of oxygen-rich blood. […] The primary symptom is blue discoloration of the skin. […] Central cyanosis affects the core organs of the body. Central areas develop a blue-green tint, as do the lips, tongue, or both. […] Doctors evaluate peripheral cyanosis through a combination of tests, such as blood work, and imaging scans, such as X-rays. […] In someone with cyanosis, a test typically shows unsaturated hemoglobin levels of 5 grams per deciliter of blood. […] Peripheral cyanosis can occur in anyone, including newborns. […] Peripheral cyanosis is usually not a medical emergency. Central cyanosis is more likely to be a sign of something that requires immediate medical attention. […] Common causes include Raynauds disease, low blood pressure, and hypothermia.

• #17 Peripheral Cyanosis: All You Need To Know About This Skin Condition | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/peripheral-cyanosis-symptoms-causes-treatment-1643954220

  Have you ever noticed your hands or feet turning blue? […] Peripheral Cyanosis is a condition in which cyanosis occurs in hands and feet of the person. It happens because of narrowing of blood vessels and leads to blue-tinged skin. […] If your lips or skin turns blue or purplish, then these could be signs of medical emergency and you would need to get medical attention as earliest as possible. […] Some causes of having blue hands and feet can be due to the following reasons- […] Treatment of peripheral cyanosis can be done through curing the conditions causing the reduced flow of blood in back to the heart and lungs.

• #18 Pediatric Cardiology Part 1

  https://www.utmb.edu/Pedi_Ed/CoreV2/CardiologyPart1/CardiologyPart18.html

  Central Cyanosis […] Cause: desaturation of the arterial blood […] Peripheral Cyanosis (acrocyanosis, perioral cyanosis) […] Cause: peripheral vasoconstriction (common in patients with Down syndrome due to vasomotor instability); patient will have normal arterial O2 saturation […] Differential Cyanosis […] Causes: […] interrupted aortic arch or critical coarctation of the aorta in the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) due to right to left shunt to the lower part of the body […] Hyperoxia Test […] The hyperoxia test is used to help differentiate between cardiac and noncardiac causes of cyanosis. […] Failure to increase O2 saturation and PaO2 raises the suspicion for cyanotic heart disease. […] In CCHD pulse oximetry screening, preductal (right upper extremity) saturations are compared with post-ductal saturations (lower extremity). […] CCHD screening is less sensitive in detecting cardiac lesions that may not present with early hypoxemia. […] In Eisenmenger syndrome is , i.e.a reversal of L R shunt due to pulmonary hypertension cyanosis.

• #19 FloridaHealthFinder | Blue discoloration of the skin | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/003215

  A bluish color to the skin or mucous membrane is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. The medical term is cyanosis. […] People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called cyanosis. […] Bluish skin can be a sign of many serious medical problems. Contact or visit your provider. […] In general, cyanosis that occurs acutely is more likely to be an emergency than when it is present for a long time. […] Tests that may be ordered include: Arterial blood gas analysis, Blood oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, Chest x-ray, Chest CT scan, Complete blood count (CBC), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart).

• #20 Cyanosis Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/cyanosis

  Cyanosis is the bluish-purple discoloration of the skin due to reduced oxygen concentration in the blood. […] In dark-skinned people, cyanosis can be noticed in lips, gums, eyes, and nails. […] Central cyanosis results due to a reduced amount of oxygen in arterial blood. […] Central cyanosis is observed on mucous membrane covering gums, inside of cheeks, tongue, sublingual tissue, and tongue. […] Peripheral cyanosis occurs when the amount of deoxyhemoglobin increases in the venous blood, especially in regions that supply your peripheries. […] Cyanosis itself is a sign of reduced oxygen saturation due to external factors or an underlying medical condition. […] Physical examination is done to observe areas affected by cyanosis. This includes checking your hands, feet, lips, eyes, and inside of your mouth for bluish discoloration. […] The treatment for cyanosis depends on its underlying cause. […] Medications are given after the diagnosis of the causative factor. Your doctor can prescribe oral or intravenous medications to reduce cyanotic discoloration and improve oxygen saturation.

• #21 Cyanosis – Signs and Symptoms – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.I.1.30.

  Cyanosis is characterized by abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. It is caused by increased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillary blood (3.1 mmol/L [50 g/L]) or presence of an abnormal hemoglobin (most frequently methemoglobin 0.31 mmol/L [5 g/L]). […] Central cyanosis: Generalized, visible on the mucous membranes (mainly lips) and skin, which is usually warm. As cyanosis may not be clearly apparent in patients with darker skin pigmentation, close evaluation of the nail beds, tongue, and mucous membranes is critical. […] Diagnosis: 1. Assess stability (mental status, airway patency, respiratory distress) and vital signs (respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, body temperature, pulse oximetry). 2. Take a focused history (timing of cyanosis, exposures) and perform physical examination (central or peripheral cyanosis; exclude pseudocyanosis; assess respiratory and cardiovascular systems). 3. Co-oximetry provides a more accurate assessment of oxygen saturation as it measures absorption of light at 4 different wavelengths, including oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin. 4. Perform arterial blood gas analysis (cyanosis is not a reliable sign of hypoxemia) and measurement of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels. 5. Assess response to oxygen therapy. Response is poor in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease, in cases of significant pulmonary shunts of deoxygenated blood, and in patients with a pathologic hemoglobin. 6. Perform a complete blood count (CBC) (true cyanosis [central or peripheral] is masked in individuals with severe anemia and manifests earlier in those with polycythemia vera), chest radiography, and, depending on the suspected cause, other cardiovascular (electrocardiography [ECG], echocardiography, contrast-enhanced echocardiography) or respiratory (pulmonary function tests, computed tomography [CT] of the thorax) studies as well as measurement of pathologic hemoglobin levels (eg, congenital or acquired methemoglobinemia).

• #22 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-cyanosis.aspx

  Cyanosis refers to the bluish discoloration of skin, lips, fingers and toes and mucous membranes. […] In case of peripheral cyanosis there is usually a problem with circulation of the blood in the fingers and toes that turn blue. […] On the other hand central cyanosis usually means a deeper and more serious disease of the heart or lungs. […] Children and infants with central cyanosis that manifests as bluish discoloration around lips, mouth, tongue and oral mucous membrane usually need admission and evaluation. […] The physician will ask if the lips, nail beds and tongue are blue or if it is blue all over. […] Tests are performed to assess the situation. These include the following: The commonest test is the Arterial blood gas analysis and Blood oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry.

• #23 Methemoglobinemia – EMCrit Project

  https://emcrit.org/ibcc/methemoglobinemia/

  Methemoglobinemia often causes cyanosis or brown/grey discoloration of the skin. This may be a bit harder to diagnose in patients with darker skin (pay attention to the lips and tongue). […] An oxygen saturation in the 80s should not generally cause cyanosis (usually it must be substantially lower before cyanosis occurs). Thus, any time a patient has cyanosis with an oxygen saturation in the 80s, this suggests methemoglobinemia. […] Key clues to diagnosis: […] Saturation-cyanosis gap (patient develops cyanosis with only mild hypoxemia and a saturation in the 80s).

• #24 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-cyanosis.aspx

  A complete blood count is prescribed. This helps detect features like a low Red blood cell count (anemia), low haemoglobin (anemia) or high RBC count (polycythemia) etc. […] Echocardiography may be used to look inside the heart to detect the structural defect. […] If methemoglobin or sulfhemoglobin is suspected a Haemoglobin spectroscopy is prescribed.

• #25 Bluish Skin, Lips, or Nails : Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.sprintdiagnostics.in/symptoms/bluish-skin-lips-nails

  A chest X-ray can provide images of the heart, lungs, and chest wall, helping to identify conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, or heart failure, which can result in cyanosis. […] An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect heart conditions that may cause cyanosis. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing your doctor to see if it’s functioning properly.

• #26 Cyanosis – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367/

  Cyanosis is a bluish color of mucous membranes and/or skin. While this is most frequently attributable to increased amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) in the vasculature, there are other causes of bluish skin color. […] Blue skin coloration would result if the quantity of blue wavelengths reflected disproportionately increased or if the quantity of other wavelengths reflected disproportionately decreased. […] According to Lundsgaard and Van Slyke (1923), as well as subsequent investigators, cyanosis generally becomes apparent when the subpapillary capillaries contain from 4 to 6 gm/dl of deoxyhemoglobin. […] The usual pattern of cyanosis noted in conditions of reduced blood flow is for peripheral sites, in particular the extremities, to be affected preferentially (acrocyanosis). Central portions of the body are typically spared. […] The five variants of Hgb M are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Individuals in whom an alpha chain substitution has occurred are noted to be cyanotic beginning at birth. […] Cyanosis is reported to be detectable at sulfhemoglobin levels as low as 0.5 gm/dl.

• #27 Cyanosis: Cyanosis and the Clinical Assessment of Hypoxemia, Generation of Cyanosis, Causes of Cyanosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/303533-overview

  The threshold for central cyanosis is a capillary reduced hemoglobin content of 5 g/dL, which can occur at varying values of the two parameters that are measured most commonly, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial hemoglobin content. […] Methemoglobinemia imparts an intense bluish tinge to the skin; therefore, the cyanosis of methemoglobinemia is not related to reduced hemoglobin but to oxidized hemoglobin. […] Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare condition caused by sulfur binding with hemoglobin so that oxygen cannot be bound. […] Pseudocyanosis can mimic peripheral cyanosis, although there is no response to attempted blanching of the skin by applying pressure, and the presence of a bluish tinge to the skin and/or mucous membranes is not associated with either hypoxemia or peripheral vasoconstriction.

• #28 Cyanosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cyanosis-914778

  Diagnostic testing for cyanosis may include: Blood oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), Complete blood count (CBC), Electrocardiogram or Echocardiogram, Chest X-ray, Chest computed tomography (CT) scan. […] Cyanosis can be caused by a wide variety of medical conditions, such as: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Pulmonary hypertension (a complication of COPD), Pneumonia, Infections of the respiratory tract, Asthma, Congestive heart failure, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Epiglottitis, Hypothermia, Seizures, Drug overdose, Suffocation. […] Cyanosis due to a suspected opioid overdose should be quickly treated with naloxone hydrochloride as soon as possible to reverse the effects of an overdose. […] Cyanosis, a bluish, grayish, or purplish hue of the skin, lips, or nails, can be a sign of a variety of medical conditions, including some serious ones.

• #29 Blue Lips (Cyanosis): Causes and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/blue-lips-5082283

  Cyanosis might be harder to notice on darker skin tones, where it often appears gray. […] Purple or bluish lips can be a symptom of a chronic condition, such as heart failure. […] The red blood cells in your body use hemoglobin to carry oxygen to all the tissues. […] Even though this sign is concerning, blue lips do not necessarily mean a part of your body is suffering damage because it’s not getting enough oxygen. […] There are two types of cyanosis that typically cause blue lips: central and peripheral. […] A bluish discoloration of a lot of your skin as well as your lips is called central cyanosis. It is usually a sign of a medical condition that is preventing your body from getting enough oxygen that needs to be treated right away. […] In general, blue lips and other cyanotic changes happen because of a medical problem.

• #30 Cyanosis in Children: When to Seek Help

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-to-know-about-cyanosis-in-children

  Cyanosis, then, is a purple or bluish discoloration of the skin. Its a sign that there may be low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] The most common symptom of a congenital heart defect is bluish or purple skin on the lips, fingers, or toes. […] Cyanosis can occur when oxygen-poor blue blood doesnt reach the lungs or when oxygen-rich red blood mixes with blue blood before it returns to the body. […] Some medications may cause grey-blue skin hues. These include silver and amiodarone. […] If your child has a persistently blue or purple face, tongue, or torso, though, this may be due to a more serious problem. Seek medical help immediately. […] Cyanosis may be harder to spot if your child has a darker complexion. Your doctor may look at your childs lips, tongue, and nail beds and may compare them to someone with a similar complexion, like a sibling or parent. […] When the underlying condition is treated, your childs skin should return to its normal color.

• #31 Cyanosis: The Blue Hue Mystery – Manual of Medicine

  https://manualofmedicine.com/topics/cyanosis-the-blue-hue-mystery/

  True cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes and results from hypoxemia due to an increased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin. […] Central cyanosis occurs with a bluish discoloration of both the skin (fingers, toes) and mucous membranes. It may be due to cardiac or pulmonary diseases. […] Peripheral cyanosis is caused by peripheral vasoconstriction resulting in critically reduced cutaneous blood flow, increased peripheral oxygen extraction, and increased quantity of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the capillaries and venous vessels. […] Hemoglobin cyanosis is the most important form of cyanosis and is characterized by an increased quantity of reduced (unoxygenated) hemoglobin. […] Cyanosis becomes clinically visible when methemoglobin concentration exceeds 1.5 g/dL. […] Pseudocyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by skin pigmentation or by deposit of exogenic substances.

• #32 Blue skin and lips (cyanosis) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/blue-skin-and-lips-cyanosis

  Blue skin and lips is usually caused by low blood oxygen levels or poor circulation. It can be a sign of a serious problem. Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department immediately if you notice an adult or child suddenly turning blue. […] Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department immediately if you notice an adult or child suddenly turning blue. […] When all the skin and/ or lips have a blue tinge, it’s known as central cyanosis. […] It is usually a sign of low levels of oxygen in the blood.

• #33 Blue Skin or Lips (Cyanosis): Symptoms & Treatment | K Health App

  https://www.khealth.com/learn/symptom/cyanosis-blue-lips-skinskin/

  Discoloration of the skin and lips can be a sign of several different conditions. […] If you’re experiencing blue discoloration of lips and/or skin along with one or more these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately: Difficulty breathing, Chest pain, Sweating, Pain, numbness or paleness in fingers, hands, or arms. […] The blue discoloration of lips or skin can signify a respiratory or blood condition—or indicate your child has ingested a harmful chemical—so seeing a doctor is critical.

• #34 Cyanosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-cyanosis-914778

  Blue, gray, or purple skin, lips, or nails may signal a lack of oxygen […] Cyanosis is a medical term to describe blue, grayish, or purple skin, lips, or nail beds. It occurs when there isn’t enough oxygen in your blood. Cyanosis is a symptom of various heart and lung conditions, autoimmune disease, and drug overdose. […] Cyanosis is a bluish, grayish, or purplish cast to the skin and mucous membranes. It is a sign that your blood isn’t carrying enough oxygen. […] The bluish tinge to your skin might not appear until your oxygen saturation falls below 85%. […] Cyanosis may signify a serious medical condition, especially if it occurs suddenly. […] While a healthcare provider may note cyanosis as a symptom, this will not be your diagnosis. […] To figure out the underlying condition causing it, your healthcare provider will take a detailed health history, listen to your heart and lungs, and possibly order bloodwork or imaging scans.

• #35 Cyanosis (Blue Hands & Feet): Causes, Treatment & Diagnosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24297-cyanosis

  Many conditions can cause your blood to lack the oxygen it needs. […] Cyanosis can be a symptom of many different conditions. The cause of your cyanosis will determine the treatment. […] One of the first treatments your healthcare provider may use is oxygen therapy. […] Cyanosis is when you have bluish skin, nails or lips due to a lack of oxygen in your blood. Cyanosis occurs for many reasons. While not always serious, cyanosis can be caused by a severe medical condition. It’s important to seek medical attention right away if you or your child have cyanosis along with symptoms such as difficulty breathing to ensure that you have the best outcome.

• #36 Cyanosis: Types, Causes, and Diagnosis of Blue Skin

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-discoloration-bluish

  To diagnose the cause of your cyanosis, the doctor will perform a complete physical exam. […] They may also order one or more tests, such as pulse oximetry to measure the level of oxygen in your blood. […] The treatment plan the doctor recommends will depend on the underlying cause of your cyanosis. […] If left untreated, it can lead to acute or chronic respiratory failure, heart failure, and even death.

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