Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559167/

  Cyan means blue, and the abnormal bluish skin and mucous membrane discoloration is called cyanosis. It is a pathologic sign and not a disease by itself. Underlying diseases that increase the deoxygenated hemoglobin to 5.0 g/dl or more leads to cyanosis. Cyanosis can be best appreciated in areas with rich superficial vasculature and thin overlying dermis. These include lips, nose, earlobes, oral cavity, extremities, and tips of fingers and toes. Cyanosis usually becomes evident in hypoxemia, that is, abnormally low oxygenation concentration (80-85%) in arterial blood. However, it is not sensitive or a specific indicator of hypoxemia. Since cyanosis is a clinical sign, a proper evaluation is important to determine the etiology of cyanosis. […] […] Cyanosis is further classified as central, peripheral, and differential. Central cyanosis is a generalized bluish discoloration of the body and visible mucous membranes. It occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that increase deoxygenated hemoglobin or abnormal hemoglobin. Peripheral cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes). It can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas, but mucous membranes are generally not involved. Peripheral cyanosis is rarely a life-threatening medical emergency. However, it is essential to determine the underlying cause and manage it promptly to prevent potential complications. […]

• #1 Cyanosis overview – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cyanosis_overview

  Cyanosis is classified into central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis. […] The prevalence of congenital heart disease is approximately 1,000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Data about the incidence of cyanotic congenital heart disease is inadequate. Congenital cyanotic heart disease is more commonly observed among neonates. Congenital cyanotic heart disease affects men and women equally. There is no racial predisposition for cyanotic congenital heart disease.

• #1 Unexpected episodes of cyanosis in late preterm and term neonates prompted admission to a neonatal care unit | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-017-0349-9

  We studied late preterm and term infants who were admitted to our neonatal care unit in a tertiary hospital for unexpected episodes of cyanosis that occurred during rooming-in for evaluation of their frequency, most frequent associated diseases, and documentation of the diagnostic clinical approach. […] The frequency of admission for cyanosis was 1.8/1000 live births and was similar (p=0.167) in late preterm and term infants. […] Unexpected episodes of cyanosis caused admission of 1.8/1000 live births to the neonatal care unit without differences between late preterm and term infants. […] The word cyanosis indicates the dark bluish discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes, and nail beds that becomes detectable when the levels of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in arterial blood exceed 3-5 g/dl.

• #1 Blue baby syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_baby_syndrome

  Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low blood oxygen levels. This term traditionally refers to cyanosis as a result of: […] Both of these conditions cause cyanosis, or a bluish discoloration of skin or mucous membranes. […] The blue baby syndrome or cyanosis occurs when absolute amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin 3g/dL which is typically reflected with an O2 saturation of 85 %. […] Out of all the babies born with congenital heart defects, about 25 % have cyanosis as a result. […] Methemoglobinemia is considered to be rare, with acquired methemoglobinemia encountered more than the congenital form.

• #1 Cyanosis – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367/

  Cyanosis is a bluish color of mucous membranes and/or skin. While this is most frequently attributable to increased amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin) in the vasculature, there are other causes of bluish skin color. […] According to Lundsgaard and Van Slyke (1923), as well as subsequent investigators, cyanosis generally becomes apparent when the subpapillary capillaries contain from 4 to 6 gm/dl of deoxyhemoglobin. […] The usual pattern of cyanosis noted in conditions of reduced blood flow is for peripheral sites, in particular the extremities, to be affected preferentially (acrocyanosis). Central portions of the body are typically spared. […] More than 20 hemoglobins with low oxygen affinities have been described. […] The five variants of Hgb M are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Individuals in whom an alpha chain substitution has occurred are noted to be cyanotic beginning at birth.

• #1 Cyanosis – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367/

  Individuals who experience no symptoms with up to 10 gm/dl sulfhemoglobinemia have been described. […] Ingestion of substances containing gold or silver can produce bluish skin coloration that is most prominent in sun-exposed portions of the body. […] One approach to assessing the etiology of cyanosis is to obtain a heparinized arterial blood specimen.

• #1 Cyanosis Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/cyanosis

  Cyanosis is the bluish-purple discoloration of the skin due to reduced oxygen concentration in the blood. […] The risk of cyanosis is present in any person who develops a reduced oxygen saturation level or decreased blood supply. […] Cyanosis can occur in individuals of any age. Congenital cyanotic heart disease is more common among newborn infants.

• #1 Pediatric Cardiology Part 1

  https://www.utmb.edu/Pedi_Ed/CoreV2/CardiologyPart1/CardiologyPart18.html

  Cyanosis is a blue discoloration of the skin and/or mucous membranes. It is due to the presence of greater than 3 g/dL of reduced or deoxygenated Hb (Hb) in the blood. It is important to note that cyanosis is dependent on the absolute concentration of reduced Hb. Cyanosis can be clinically appreciated when the O2 saturation is 85%. […] At a normal Hb level of 15 g/dL, the presence of 3 g/dL of reduced Hb results in 20% desaturation. Therefore, cyanosis is visible when O2 saturation is approximately ~80%. The lower the Hb level, the lower the O2 saturation needed before cyanosis can be appreciated. […] Infants with a higher proportion of HbF may have a greater reduction in oxygenation before cyanosis is clinically apparent. For example, in infants who have mostly adult Hb, central cyanosis (arterial saturation 75% to 85%) will be observed when the PaO2 falls below 50 mmHg. In contrast, in infants with mostly HbF, central cyanosis may not be observed until the PaO2 drops well below 40 mmHg.

• #1 Cyanosis | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cyanosis

  Cyanosis refers to a bluish-purple color of the skin. It is most easily seen where the skin is thin, such as the lips, mouth, earlobes and fingernails. […] Cyanosis means there may be decreased oxygen in the bloodstream. It may suggest a problem with the lungs or heart. Cyanosis is a finding based on what is seen, not by a laboratory test. […] Central cyanosis refers to cyanosis found on central parts of the body, including the mouth, head and torso. Central cyanosis is never normal in the newborn period and is almost always linked to a lower amount of oxygen in the blood. […] Cyanosis is usually caused by abnormalities of the heart, the lungs or the blood. […] Cyanosis in congenital heart defects results when blue blood (oxygen poor) does not reach the lungs to make red blood, or when red blood (oxygen rich) is mixed with blue blood before it returns to the body. […] Parents can usually recognize cyanosis, but it is not always easy, even for doctors. This is especially true in children with darker skin. […] Cyanosis on the lips, tongue, head or torso is central cyanosis, and should be promptly evaluated by a doctor.

• #1 Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blue-skin-or-lips-cyanosis/

  Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue or grey. It can be a sign of a serious problem. […] Blue or grey skin or lips (cyanosis) happens when there’s not enough oxygen in your blood, or you have poor blood circulation. […] It can be caused by a serious problem with the: lungs, like asthma or pneumonia; airways, like choking or croup; heart, like heart failure or congenital heart disease. […] Other causes of cyanosis include: Raynaud’s, which affects your fingers and toes; beta blockers, medicines used to treat high blood pressure; a blood clot that stops the blood supply to a limb; being in cold air or water; wearing clothing or jewellery that’s too tight.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-cyanosis.aspx

  Cyanosis refers to the bluish discoloration of skin, lips, fingers and toes and mucous membranes. […] Children and infants with central cyanosis that manifests as bluish discoloration around lips, mouth, tongue and oral mucous membrane usually need admission and evaluation. […] The commonest test is the Arterial blood gas analysis and Blood oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. These tests are performed to assess the amount of oxygen in the arterial blood.

• #1 Cyanosis in Children: When to Seek Help

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-to-know-about-cyanosis-in-children

  Cyanosis, then, is a purple or bluish discoloration of the skin. Its a sign that there may be low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] The most common symptom of a congenital heart defect is bluish or purple skin on the lips, fingers, or toes. […] Cyanosis can occur when oxygen-poor blue blood doesnt reach the lungs or when oxygen-rich red blood mixes with blue blood before it returns to the body. […] Some medications may cause grey-blue skin hues. These include silver and amiodarone. […] If your child has a persistently blue or purple face, tongue, or torso, though, this may be due to a more serious problem. Seek medical help immediately. […] Cyanosis is most easily seen where your skin is thin. This includes your lips. […] Your doctor will also measure your childs oxygen saturation. This is a painless test that uses a special, lighted device placed on a toe or finger for a few minutes. This test will determine if the oxygen level is normal or low.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/em-news/fulltext/2024/03000/symptoms__anxiety,_dyspnea,_and_cyanosis.15.aspx

  A previously healthy 23-year-old woman was brought by friends to the field hospital at an electronic dance music festival complaining of sudden onset of dyspnea, anxiety, and lightheadedness. […] She appeared anxious and dyspneic with a slate-gray discoloration to her skin and lips. […] In addition to cyanosis, methemoglobinemia can cause metabolic acidosis, central nervous system depression, seizures, dysrhythmias, and death. […] A methemoglobinemia diagnosis should be considered when the patient’s pulse oximetry fails to improve with supplemental oxygen. […] Significant concentrations of methemoglobin produce a blood color that skews pulse oximeters using traditional dual wavelength detection techniques, leading to a reading of approximately 85% rather than reflecting the true oxygen saturation. […] The diagnosis is confirmed by venous or arterial blood gas with co-oximetry to measure methemoglobin levels directly.

• #1 Cyanosis (Blue Coloration) in Cats

  https://www.petplace.com/article/cats/pet-health/cyanosis-blue-coloration-in-cats

  Cyanosis is a bluish or purplish coloration imparted to the skin or mucous membranes due to excessive amounts of poorly oxygenated hemoglobin in the circulation. […] Cyanosis in cats is usually an alarming clinical symptom for pet owners and for veterinarians. […] Purplish/bluish coloration of the tongue, gums, lips, and areas of the skin in which the blood vessels are superficial. […] Causes of peripheral cyanosis include: Anything that would cause central cyanosis, with resultant bluish coloration in all peripheral tissues. […] Causes of central cyanosis would include: Congenital heart disease. […] Abnormal hemoglobin (methemoglobin) can result in cyanosis due to chemicals that render the hemoglobin nonfunctional. […] Arterial blood gas (ABG) is the gold standard for evaluating a cyanotic patient.

• #1 Pediatric Cardiology Part 1

  https://www.utmb.edu/Pedi_Ed/CoreV2/CardiologyPart1/CardiologyPart18.html

  Evaluation of Neonatal Cyanosis […] In CCHD pulse oximetry screening, preductal (right upper extremity) saturations are compared with post-ductal saturations (lower extremity). A failed screening is when: Oxygen saturation value is less than 90%. […] CCHD screening is less sensitive in detecting cardiac lesions that may not present with early hypoxemia. These infants may pass the CCHD screen and be discharged after an unremarkable and brief birth hospitalization.

• #1 Cyanosis Causes and Symptoms – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/cyanosis-causes-and-symptoms/

  Cyanosis can be described as a bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes, usually highlighting an underlying issue with oxygenation of the blood. […] It may appear more greyish or whitish in people with darker skin tones. […] Cyanosis may be more difficult to detect in individuals with darker skin tones, where it may appear as a grey or whitish discolouration, especially around the lips, gums, and nails.

• #1 cyanosis: Topics by Science.gov

  https://www.science.gov/topicpages/c/cyanosis.html

  A Hemoglobin Variant Associated with Neonatal Cyanosis and Anemia […] SUMMARY Globin-gene mutations are a rare but important cause of cyanosis. We identified a missense mutation in the fetal G -globin gene (HBG2) in a father and daughter with transient neonatal cyanosis and anemia. […] Central cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, tongue, nails, and mucous membranes, and is due to poor arterial oxygenation. […] The identification of cyanosis is a skill that improves with training and is adversely affected in color deficient observers. […] Most newborns admitted due to cyanosis are discharged with a condition of unknown origin. In this study, convulsive syndrome was the most frequent cause. […] Cyanosis in case 2 was caused by intra-hepatic shunting to a hepatic vein draining to the left of the intra-atrial baffle. […] The presence of cyanosis in the absence of other specific clinical signs (without other associated CHD) should raise suspicion for a systemic venous drainage anomaly. […] The presence of cyanosis should initiate immediate full cardiac evaluation for CHD. […] The presence of cyanosis was a strong predictor of pertussis, as well as prominent leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. […] The presence of cyanosis and other clinical signs should be considered in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. […] Cyanosis was found among 3.33% of babies in the case group. […] The presence of cyanosis was significantly associated with the risk of congenital heart disease. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child with a history of „shortness of breath” undiagnosed before the adenotonsillectomy. […] Cyanosis was found in 1 case of a child

• #1 Blue skin and lips (cyanosis) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/blue-skin-and-lips-cyanosis

  Blue skin and lips is usually caused by low blood oxygen levels or poor circulation. It can be a sign of a serious problem. Call 999 or go to your nearest emergency department immediately if you notice an adult or child suddenly turning blue. […] When all the skin and/ or lips have a blue tinge, it’s known as central cyanosis. It is usually a sign of low levels of oxygen in the blood. […] Common causes for central cyanosis are listed below. […] A problem with the lungs: […] A problem with the heart: […] Other causes:

• #1 Cyanosis In Adults: Underlying Conditions And Risk Factors – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/cyanosis-in-adults-underlying-conditions-and-risk-factors/

  The unnatural bluish hue of the skin and mucous membranes known as cyanosis is brought on by high concentrations of reduced or deoxygenated haemoglobin (or its derivatives) flowing through the blood vessels(subpapillary venous plexus and superficial dermal capillaries).1 The term „cyanosis” originates from the word „cyan”, which refers to a blue-green hue. A significant diagnostic problem may arise from the appearance of cyanosis. Determining the reason might be aided by a meticulous assessment with the appropriate diagnostic equipment.2 […] The colour of your skin, gums, lips, nails, eyes, and tongue can vary depending on your cyanosis type. Cyanosis may seem white or grey on people with darker complexion. […] Adult cyanosis is an important clinical signal that frequently indicates major underlying medical disorders, especially those involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Because of the high concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin, it appears as a bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes.

• #1 Unexpected episodes of cyanosis in late preterm and term neonates prompted admission to a neonatal care unit | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-017-0349-9

  The detection of cyanosis in infants is very important because it generally suggests inadequate peripheral tissue oxygenation and is one of the most accurate clinical signs of severe illness in infants during the first months of life. […] Although cyanosis episodes are not rare in the neonatal period, there are few studies in the literature reporting on the epidemiology of this condition and on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients. […] We found 1.8/1000 live births unexpected episodes of cyanosis in infants without differences between late preterm and full-term who were in complete rooming-in with mothers which prompted their admission to neonatal care unit.

• #1 World Rugby Passport – Pallor and/or Cyanosis

  https://passport.world.rugby/player-welfare-medical/world-rugby-first-aid-in-rugby/chapter-6-breathing-assessment-and-chest-injuries/pallor-andor-cyanosis/

  The red pigment in blood is known as haemoglobin and is responsible for binding to oxygen and carrying it around the body. […] Haemoglobin without oxygen turns pale or grey/blue. This grey/blue discolouration is called cyanosis. […] In a person of darker skin pigmentation, cyanosis may look more grey or white. […] Central cyanosis is always significant and should be looked for during an assessment of breathing. If you see central cyanosis, the casualty is not able to get enough oxygen into the body and you need help urgently. Lack of oxygen is known as hypoxia and hypoxic people can die.

• #1 Infant Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/water/blue-baby-syndrome.htm

  Infant methemoglobinemia is also called blue baby syndrome. It is a condition where a babys skin turns blue. This happens when there is not enough oxygen in the blood. […] Parents should immediately contact a physician if baby’s skin is unusually bluish in color. […] Symptoms can include bluish skin (cyanosis), rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of consciousness, and seizures.

• #1 Cyanosis in Infants: A Color Alert for Every Parent | Worldwide Pediatrics Group

  https://www.toplinemd.com/worldwide-pediatrics/cyanosis-in-infants-a-color-alert-for-every-parent/

  Cyanosis occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, and nails. […] The most noticeable indicator is a bluish tint that may manifest prominently around areas where blood vessels are closer to the skin’s surface, such as the lips, tongue, and extremities. […] Cyanosis can be categorized into central and peripheral cyanosis. Central cyanosis affects the core areas of the body, such as the lips and tongue, and is often associated with respiratory or cardiovascular issues. Peripheral cyanosis, on the other hand, involves the extremities and may be related to circulatory problems. […] Understanding the diverse causes of cyanosis in infants underscores the importance of a comprehensive medical evaluation when this symptom is observed. […] If you notice persistent cyanosis, especially when your baby is calm and well-rested, seek immediate medical attention. Central cyanosis, in particular, may indicate a more severe underlying issue. […] Cyanosis in infants is a potentially serious sign that necessitates prompt attention.

• #1 Blue Skin or Lips (Cyanosis): Symptoms & Treatment | K Health App

  https://www.khealth.com/learn/symptom/cyanosis-blue-lips-skinskin/

  If you’re experiencing blue discoloration of lips and/or skin along with one or more these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately: Difficulty breathing, Chest pain, Sweating, Pain, numbness or paleness in fingers, hands, or arms. […] The blue discoloration of lips or skin can signify a respiratory or blood condition—or indicate your child has ingested a harmful chemical—so seeing a doctor is critical.

• #1 Skin discoloration – bluish Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/skin-discoloration-bluish

  Lips – bluish; Fingernails – bluish; Cyanosis; Bluish lips and fingernails; Bluish skin. […] A bluish color to the skin or mucous membrane is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. The medical term is cyanosis. […] People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called cyanosis. […] Bluish skin can be a sign of many serious medical problems. Contact or visit your provider. […] In general, cyanosis that occurs acutely is more likely to be an emergency than when it is present for a long time.

• #1 Blue discoloration of the skin

  https://sales-demo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=617&pid=1&gid=003215

  Lips – bluish; Fingernails – bluish; Cyanosis; Bluish lips and fingernails; Bluish skin […] A bluish color to the skin or mucous membrane is usually due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. The medical term is cyanosis. […] People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called cyanosis. […] Bluish skin can be a sign of many serious medical problems. Contact or visit your provider. […] In general, cyanosis that occurs acutely is more likely to be an emergency than when it is present for a long time.

• #1 Cyanosis | The Texas Heart Institute®

  https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/cyanosis/

  Cyanosis is a condition in which the lips, fingers, and toes appear blue. It happens in some people with congenital heart defects that cause the blood to circulate abnormally. […] In people with congenital heart defects, cyanosis can happen if the defect allows oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart to enter the left side of the heart directly, instead of traveling to the lungs for more oxygen. […] The low oxygen level in the blood is what makes the lips, fingers, and toes look blue. […] Congenital heart defects that cause cyanosis include Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great arteries, Truncus arteriosus, Tricuspid atresia, Pulmonary atresia, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV).

• #1

  https://www.koruhastanesi.com/what-is-cyanosis-3960-5

  Cyanosis is an equal-opportunity phenomenon, with the capacity to touch the lives of individuals spanning the entire age spectrum. […] Infants may begin their journey of life with a tinge of blue, as congenital heart defects or respiratory issues may bestow the gift of cyanosis upon them. […] The elderly may find themselves grappling with cyanosis, often as a result of cardiovascular diseases or circulatory impairments that become more prevalent in later years. […] Those carrying the burden of chronic respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD may walk the tightrope of cyanosis. […] The hallmark and most striking symptom of cyanosis is the visual transformation of the skin into shades of blue or purple, with particular emphasis on the areas around the lips, nail beds, and extremities.

• #1

  http://medbox.iiab.me/kiwix/wikipedia_en_medicine_2019-12/A/Cyanosis

  Cyanosis is the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation. […] Cyanosis is divided into two main types: central (around the core, lips, and tongue) and peripheral (only the extremities or fingers). […] Central cyanosis is often due to a circulatory or ventilatory problem that leads to poor blood oxygenation in the lungs. […] Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. […] Cyanosis may develop in ascents to altitudes 2400 m.

• #1 Cyanosis: Symptoms, Types, Causes and Treatments – ER of Dallas TX

  https://erofdallastx.com/blog/cyanosis/

  The primary symptom of cyanosis is the bluish coloration of the skin, but other associated signs can include bluish lips, nails, and tongue (in central cyanosis). […] In infants, cyanosis is a major red flag for congenital heart diseases or lung problems. If parents notice persistent bluish skin, particularly around the lips and face, it’s crucial to seek medical care immediately. […] Cyanosis, particularly central cyanosis, is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice sudden onset of cyanosis. […] Cyanosis is a visible sign indicating a problem with the body’s oxygen delivery system, often suggesting underlying heart, lung, or blood conditions. Early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are crucial to preventing complications.

• #1 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis (Polycythemia) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/lung-disease-respiratory-health/central-and-peripheral-cyanosis-polycythemia/

  Central cyanosis can be caused by breathing problems due to issues with the brain, lung-related issues, heart problems, conditions affecting hemoglobin, having too many red blood cells, living at a high altitude, being too cold, and having Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Peripheral cyanosis can be caused by heart failure or shock, narrowing of blood vessels, obstruction in the arteries, a block or slow flow in the veins, and having extra thick blood. Polycythemia can cause both central and peripheral cyanosis. […] Central and peripheral cyanosis (polycythemia) are treated by addressing the underlying causes. […] For central cyanosis, ensuring the patient has enough oxygen is a first step, typically done through nasal cannulas or assisted breathing. […] The management of peripheral cyanosis, a symptom characterized by blue discoloration of the fingers or toes, is centered around finding and addressing the root cause. […] Rapid action is necessary for extremely ill children or severe conditions like heart failure. […] It takes a team of healthcare professionals to effectively diagnose and manage the underlying causes of cyanosis.

• #1 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis (Polycythemia) – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/lung-disease-respiratory-health/central-and-peripheral-cyanosis-polycythemia/

  Cyanosis is a medical term for when your skin, lips, or other parts of your body turn blue due to a lack of oxygen in your blood. […] Central cyanosis is when your entire body and visible mucus membranes (like the inside of your mouth and nose) turn blue. […] Peripheral cyanosis is when only far-away parts of your body, like your hands, fingertips, and toes, turn blue. […] Central and peripheral cyanosis can occur due to various reasons, including polycythemia. […] Signs and symptoms of Central Cyanosis (Polycythemia) include: – Blue or purplish color of the skin – Cyanosis all over the body – Clubbing of the fingers (round and swollen ends of fingers) – Trouble with breathing – Intensity of color can indicate severity of cyanosis – Cyanosis may respond to being given oxygen […] Signs and symptoms of Peripheral Cyanosis (Polycythemia) include: – Blue or purplish color of the skin, specifically in the hands and feet – Pink tongue (inside of the mouth is rarely affected) – Cool hands and feet compared to warm ones in total body cyanosis – No clubbing of the fingers – Weak pulse – Color takes longer than 2 seconds to return when the skin is pressed and then released – Cyanosis goes away with massage and warming – No trouble breathing

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cyanosis.aspx

  Cyanosis refers to abnormal blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. […] While oxygenated hemoglobin is bright red, reduced hemoglobin is dark blue or purple in color. Venous blood is deoxygenated and is thus darker in color. This leads to the dusky or blue color of the skin and mucous membranes. […] In adults with normal hemoglobin (13.5-18 g/dL in men, 11.5-16 g/dL in women) central cyanosis is seen if oxygen saturation drops between 80 to 87%. […] Central cyanosis is caused by diseases of the heart or lungs or may be caused by abnormal haemoglobin called methhemoglobinemia or sulfhemoglobinemia. […] It is seen over the tongue, lips and inner linings of the mouth. […] In central cyanosis there is concomitant presence of peripheral cyanosis.

• #1 Approach to cyanosis in children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-cyanosis-in-children

  Central cyanosis is evident when systemic arterial concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood exceeds 5 g/dL (3.1 mmol/L) (oxygen saturation ≤85 percent). Of note, cyanosis may not be readily detectable in patients with severe anemia (eg, Hb <5 g/dL [3.1 mmol/L]). [...] Peripheral cyanosis - Patients with peripheral cyanosis have a normal systemic arterial oxygen saturation. However, increased oxygen extraction results in a wide systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference and increased deoxygenated blood on the venous side of the capillary beds. The increased extraction of oxygen results from sluggish movement of blood through the capillary circulation. Causes include vasomotor instability, vasoconstriction caused by exposure to cold, venous obstruction, elevated venous pressure, polycythemia, and low cardiac output.

• #1 Central and Peripheral Cyanosis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/27005

  Cyan means blue, and the abnormal bluish skin and mucous membrane discoloration is called cyanosis. It is a pathologic sign and not a disease by itself. Underlying diseases that increase the deoxygenated hemoglobin to 5.0 g/dl or more leads to cyanosis. Cyanosis can be best appreciated in areas with rich superficial vasculature and thin overlying dermis. These include lips, nose, earlobes, oral cavity, extremities, and tips of fingers and toes. Cyanosis usually becomes evident in hypoxemia, that is, abnormally low oxygenation concentration (80-85%) in arterial blood. However, it is not sensitive or a specific indicator of hypoxemia. Cyanosis is further classified as central, peripheral, and differential. Central cyanosis is a generalized bluish discoloration of the body and visible mucous membranes. It occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that increase deoxygenated hemoglobin or abnormal hemoglobin. Peripheral cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes). It can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas, but mucous membranes are generally not involved. Peripheral cyanosis is rarely a life-threatening medical emergency. However, it is essential to determine the underlying cause and manage it promptly to prevent potential complications. Differential cyanosis is the asymmetrical bluish discoloration between the upper and lower extremities. It usually indicates serious underlying cardiopulmonary conditions. All causes of central cyanosis can also cause peripheral cyanosis. Cardiopulmonary causes and hemoglobin abnormalities are the common causes of central cyanosis. Differential cyanosis can be seen in patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension. Peripheral cyanosis occurs due to the inability of the body to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the peripheral tissues. Congestive peripheral cyanosis can be caused due to the slowing of blood flow. Ischemic peripheral cyanosis occurs when vasoconstriction leads to diminished peripheral blood flow. In peripheral cyanosis, there is normal arterial oxygen saturation but increased oxygen extraction by the peripheral tissue in the capillary bed in the setting of peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased peripheral blood flow. This results in a significant difference in the saturation between the arterial and venous blood, with increased deoxygenated blood on the venous side of the capillary beds. Reduced cardiac output in heart failure and shock can, if severe, lead to peripheral cyanosis.

• #1

  https://www.koruhastanesi.com/what-is-cyanosis-3960-5

  Cyanosis can be accompanied by chest pain, especially if the root cause lies in cardiac issues, serving as an additional warning sign. […] The provision of supplemental oxygen emerges as a cornerstone of cyanosis management, boosting oxygen levels in the blood and providing relief from the characteristic symptoms. […] Prolonged oxygen deprivation wreaks havoc on vital organs, with the brain and heart being particularly susceptible to damage. […] If the underlying cause of cyanosis is a heart condition, it may precipitate complications such as heart failure or other cardiac issues, further underscoring the importance of timely intervention.

• #1 Cyanosis Physiology: Mechanism & Presentation | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/medicine/anatomy/cyanosis-physiology/

  Central cyanosis occurs when arterial blood is not adequately oxygenated, often evident in the mucous membranes and central parts of the body like the tongue and lips. […] Cyanosis can serve as an early warning sign; prompt medical investigation often leads to early intervention and better patient outcomes.

• #2 Cyanosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanosis

  Cyanosis is the change of body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin, including the mucous membranes, lips, nail beds, and ear lobes. […] Central cyanosis occurs due to decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and begins to show once the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood reaches a concentration of 5.0 g/dL ( 3.1 mmol/L or oxygen saturation of 85%). This indicates a cardiopulmonary condition. […] Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. The blood reaching the extremities is not oxygen-rich and when viewed through the skin a combination of factors can lead to the appearance of a blue color. […] Cyanosis may be more difficult to detect on people with darker skin pigmentation. However, cyanosis can still be diagnosed with careful examination of the typical body areas such as nail beds, tongue, and mucous membranes where the skin is thinner and more vascular.

• #2 Unexpected episodes of cyanosis in late preterm and term neonates prompted admission to a neonatal care unit | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-017-0349-9

  The detection of cyanosis in infants is very important because it generally suggests inadequate peripheral tissue oxygenation and is one of the most accurate clinical signs of severe illness in infants during the first months of life. […] Although cyanosis episodes are not rare in the neonatal period, there are few studies in the literature reporting on the epidemiology of this condition and on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients. […] We found 1.8/1000 live births unexpected episodes of cyanosis in infants without differences between late preterm and full-term who were in complete rooming-in with mothers which prompted their admission to neonatal care unit.

• #2 World Rugby Passport – Pallor and/or Cyanosis

  https://passport.world.rugby/player-welfare-medical/world-rugby-first-aid-in-rugby/chapter-6-breathing-assessment-and-chest-injuries/pallor-andor-cyanosis/

  The red pigment in blood is known as haemoglobin and is responsible for binding to oxygen and carrying it around the body. […] Haemoglobin without oxygen turns pale or grey/blue. This grey/blue discolouration is called cyanosis. […] In a person of darker skin pigmentation, cyanosis may look more grey or white. […] Central cyanosis is always significant and should be looked for during an assessment of breathing. If you see central cyanosis, the casualty is not able to get enough oxygen into the body and you need help urgently. Lack of oxygen is known as hypoxia and hypoxic people can die.

• #2 Approach to cyanosis in children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-cyanosis-in-children

  Central cyanosis is evident when systemic arterial concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood exceeds 5 g/dL (3.1 mmol/L) (oxygen saturation ≤85 percent). Of note, cyanosis may not be readily detectable in patients with severe anemia (eg, Hb <5 g/dL [3.1 mmol/L]). [...] Peripheral cyanosis - Patients with peripheral cyanosis have a normal systemic arterial oxygen saturation. However, increased oxygen extraction results in a wide systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference and increased deoxygenated blood on the venous side of the capillary beds. The increased extraction of oxygen results from sluggish movement of blood through the capillary circulation. Causes include vasomotor instability, vasoconstriction caused by exposure to cold, venous obstruction, elevated venous pressure, polycythemia, and low cardiac output.

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